Field of Invention
The present invention relates to generally water filtration systems and more
particularly where filtration at multiple stages is incorporated in the system.
Background of Invention
Flood water may contain many different types of contaminants including for
example suspended materials, particulates, harmful chemicals and micro-
biological organism, such as bacteria, parasites, protozoa and viruses. In a
variety of circumstances these contaminants are required to be removed before
the water can be used for the purpose of drinking. It is also required in some
medical and industrial application that harmful contaminants are required to be
removed in spite of purifying the water by different known means. The general
population is at risk and in particular infants and persons with compromise
immune system are at considerable risk where safe drinking water is not
available.
Normally municipality treated water typically includes suspended solid, bacteria,
parasites, viruses, organic matter, heavy metal and chlorine. Breakdown and
other problems with water treatment systems sometimes lead to incomplete the
removal of bacteria and viruses. It is also known that various diseases are also
caused by the contaminated water. Particulars in villages, due to scarcity of
water resources and no water treatment utilities the human are forced to
consume the contaminant water which are cause of many great diseases. It is
also common that the sources of drinking water are in close proximity to human
and animal waste. This causes the micro-biological contamination which is a
major health hazards. It has been estimated that about 6 million people die each
year, half of which are children under 5 years of age. Another source of
contamination of drinking water supplies in chemical contaminants, such as
chlorine, taste, odour, lead, arsenic and other volatile organic compounds. There
are some chemicals, which may cause cancer and even may cause immediate
health issue, such as skin irritation. So it is essential to remove all the
contaminants, suspended solids, bacteria, and parasites etc. so that the water
can be made potable.
Now a days, normally the above contaminants and suspended solid etc. are
removed by filters. The consumers of water are often required to have two or
more filters. So this requires not only the space but also it is expensive. Hence
there exists a need for a single multi-stage filter that can remove different
contaminants, such as suspended particle, harmful chemicals, parasites, bacteria
etc. The prior art teaches water filtration device where the ground water is used
as fed water. Most of the known systems are based on filter cartridge, river
osmosis, granulated activated carbon and electro-dialysis. All the systems are
being operated either by electrical power or battery power. In many rural areas
there is no electricity. So it is difficult to operate such type of filter. It is a long
standing requirement to have low cost water filtration system which does not
operate on any power. At the same time the water filter system of the present
system is very cost effective, easy to maintain and can easily be carried.
Object of the Invention
Accordingly, an object of the present invention to have a water filtration system,
which is workable without any power.
Another object of the invention is to provide a compact water filtration system
which requires less space, cost effective and user's friendly.
Another object of the invention to produce clean, potable water, free from
suspended particle, bacteria etc.
Another object of the invention is to provide water filter, which are re-usable and
effective, compared with standard water filter.
Summary of the Invention
The above objectives are accomplished according to the present invention by
providing a compact water filtration system preferably usable for domestic
purposes in the houses situated at the urban and rural areas.
According to the present invention the water filtration system comprises multi-
staged filtration in three stages wherein at each stage one conical container is
provided. The capacity of the each container is 10 to12 Itrs. so that medium of
filtration can be easily be accommodated. Different types of medium are being
provided at each of the container. At the bottom of the lower most container there
is a tank where filter water is collected. According to the present invention a
water filtration system comprises a main frame where containers are mounted
with holding means for multiple stage filtration; at the bottom of the last container
a large capacity container is provided to collect the filtered water wherein water is
fed to the filtration system through spiral distributor for uniform and regulated
feeding and three intervening air columns between containers are provided for
improving aeration of water.
Description of the accompanying drawing
The construction of the water filtration system will be more readily understood
from a reading of the following specification with reference to the drawing
wherein :
Figure 1 shows Component diagram of three stages granular media filter filtration
system
Figure 2 shows Front view of the water filtration system.
Figure 3 shows schematic diagram of filtration system
Figure 4 show Frame for holding the containers of the water filtration
system.
Figure 5 shows a conical container of the water filtration system.
Figure 6 shows a cover plate of the container.
Figure 7 shows top view of spiral distributor for filling water
Figure 8 shows Container for collecting the filtered water.
Figure:9 shows Guard for restricting the water.
Figure 10 showsBaffling slant plate assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now in more details to the drawing a water filter system is illustrated in
Fig. 1, where three stages filtration system has been shown. As can best be
seen in Fig. 2 and 3 where front and schematic views show three conical
containers (1,2,3) are mounted on a main frame (4 ) one above the other with a
distance from each other so that all containers remain in same vertical axis(x ).
Referring to Fig. 4 holding means (5) for holding the containers comprises a
rectangular frame(6) fitted to main frame(4) at predetermined locations. Four
supporting elements (7 )are fitted on the rectangular frame(6). Each conical
container is having a horizontal extension at upper portion which rests on the
supporting elements(7). Further a circular shaped supporting structured ), as
shown in Fig 2, is mounted on the main frame and is provided with four holding
elements(10 ) which are fitted at an obtuse angle at equal distance with the
circular shaped supporting structured). The supporting structure with four
holding elements holds each conical container The system mainly contains
three buckets, three buffling Slant plate assembly, and three perforated cover
plates and also a water holding container of aluminium sheet.. . Each conical
container is having a capacity of 10 to12 Itrs. to accommodate sufficient amount
of filtration media. At the bottom of the system, a collecting tank, 16 as shown in
Fig 10, of approximately 23 Itrs. is placed to collect the filtered water. Each of the
conical containers is having inlet and outlet. All conical containers are connected
to one another so that water is fed to the first container1 will successively pass
through first,(1) second(2) and third(3) container through filtration media for
filtering operations to produce drinkable water. Baffling slant plate assembly(10)
as shown in Fig 6 is provided before second and third containers. The baffles
break the water particles in to smaller sizes for improving oxygen dissolution due
to higher surface area. Small particle size will enhance the surface area and
thereby it will be helpful for higher oxygen absorbent in the water so that the
volatile matter present in the water will evaporate and thus potable water will be
obtained without further addition of any chemical. It is further advantageous by
incorporating such arrangement in purifying the water where no electrical power
is used. It is advantageous even in the rural areas where no electricity is
available. Small water drops will also enhance the precipitation of the dissolved
matter as the solution pressure is reduced. Three intervening air column,(11)
which are maintained between the containers, are provided in the water filtration
system. This will enable substantial improvement in aeration of the water by
more than five times of the ordinary similar type water filtration system. So simply
by improving the air circulation between the containers and breaking the water
particle into small sizes will purify the water to a great extent which is not known
in the prior art. As shown in fig (2 )two sides of the main frame are covered with
Perspex sheet where other two sides are kept open so that air can pass through
freely to mix oxygen with water. This will help better aeration so that more
oxygen can dissolve in water as stated earlier. Two guards (11,12) as shown in
Fig 9are provided at the top of the 2nd and 3rd container so that water can be
restricted within the specified area. A perforated distribution/cover plate(13) is
provided at the top of each of the container. Further a brass net) is also fixed at
the lower portion of each of the container. Water is admitted into the first
container (1) from supply, which is normally flood water containing suspended
material, bacteria, organic matter, heavy metals etc. Water is fed through the
spiral distributor (15) as illustrated in Fig. 7 so that flow of water to the first
container can be regulated. The spiral distributor is provided with perforated
strainer so that water is screened and flows into the first container in the form of
spray for uniform distribution of water into the said container. The perforated
strainer in spiral distributor arrests large suspended particles. The first container
(1) is provided with coarse gravel and fine gravel. The gravels arrest the coarse
particles, which are not screened by the spiral distributor. After passing through
gravel in first container water is passed through the baffling slant plate
assembly(10) as shown in Fig 10 for uniform distribution of water as well as
water falls in spring like manner so that it can be distributed uniformly to the next
container for second filtration stage of filtration.Further it breaks water into
smaller sizes . This will increase surface area to dissolve more oxygenin water
2nd container (2) contains fine sand (0.2mm). During passing through the fine
sand the fine particles present in the water are arrested by the sand. Water will
then flow into the 3rd container (3), containing charcoal through baffling slant
assembly(10). During this phase all the bacteria & parasite are removed. Water
thus purified is then collected in the collecting tank(16).
Sufficient distance between the containers is maintained to provide three air
columns so that sufficient air can flow to mix oxygen with water. The flow of water
is so regulated that sufficient time is provided at each stage of filtration to remove
impurities present in water.
Flow rate of the filter is 2 lit/ min of filtered water.The amount of filter materials
are used Gravel-5 kgs, Sand-5 kgs, and Charcoal- 1 kg. Fluid residence time is
1-2 mins.
Tests conducted :-
Tests in respect of Different parameters have been carried out where flood water
from pond, river has been fed to the system. A table is provided below to show
the improvement in different aspects of flood water after passing through
filtration system according to the present invention and found acceptable for
drinking water.
By incorporating the gap between the containers for free flow of air and breaking
the water particles into small size will improve the aeration of water where
hazardous microbes will go down substantially. This process will purify water
substantially and water thus purified is fit for drinking and all parameters are well
within the prescribed level of WHO as shown in the table. The result shows water
obtained from such filter is better in all respects for the purpose of drinking than
the tap water supplied by concerned authority.
Advantages
1) Electricity / Battery power is not required for such filtration.
2) No chemical or other material is required for such filtration.
3) The construction is simple and modular and strong in nature and each
component of such filtration system can be maintained easily.
4) Filtration materials such as, sand, gravel, charcoal etc. are easily available
at low cost.
5) Mode of its operation of such filter is very easy and even an ordinary man
can operate this system easily.
6) By natural aeration it is possible to kill water-born anaerobic pathogenic
bacteria.
7) By mixing of oxygen in more quantities it is possible to increase the
evaporation of volatile substance.
8) Bad odour will be reduced substantially.
WE CLAIM :
1. A water filtration system comprising a main frame where containers are
mounted with holding means for multiple stage filtration; at the bottom of
the last container a large capacity container is provided to collect the
filtered water wherein water is fed to the filtration system through spiral
distributor for uniform and regulated feeding and three intervening air
columns between containers are provided for improving aeration of water.
2. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein three conical
containers are provided for filtering water in three stages.
3. A water filtration system as claimed in claims 1 and 2 different filtration
medium is present at each stages of filtration.
4. A water filtration system as claimed in claims 1 and 3 wherein gravel, sand
and charcoal are provided as filtration media.
5. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein distribution
perforated plate is provided at each stage of filtration.
6. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a brass cover plate
is fitted at bottom of each conical container
7. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein two guards are
fixed with second and third containers such that water is confined.
8. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein water is passed
through baffling slant plate assembly, which is located beforeseco nd and
third stages of filtration for breaking water particles into smaller sizes
9. A water filtration system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the two sides of the
frame are open for smooth air flow to mix oxygen with water
10. A water filtration system as herein substantially as herein described
illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing.

Present invention is concerned with a water filtration system. The system
comprises a main frame (4) where containers (1,2,3) are mounted with holding
means (5) for multiple stage filtration; at the bottom of the last container a large
capacity container(16) is provided to collect the filtered water wherein water is
fed to the filtration system through spiral distributor (15) for uniform and regulated
feeding and three intervening air columns between containers are provided for
improving aeration of water. Baffling slant plate assembly is provided before
second and third stages of filtration for breaking water particles into smaller
sizes.