Claims:WE CLAIM:
1) An event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection comprising of;
a. sensing elements respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center;
b. characterizing the presence of sensible zones or elements at risk where greater attention has to be paid;
c. managing the data flow operations with the help of The control unit (a microcontroller) which manages the data-flow operations.
d. Sending the data with the help of webs sensor to the database of the website; and
e. Sending alarm to the respective locations to alert people.
2) An event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said system allows system to perform the best partition of the area.
3) An event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said system can specify the desired number of partitions based on the user.
4) An event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said system chooses the number and size of the zones according to the desired resolution and accuracy of the sampling plan.
, Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to landslides and debris flow alarm technology. The present invention more particularly relates to a debris flow landslides and alarm system based on IOT.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
The most deadly landslides are the ones that occur quickly, like debris flows, often with little notice. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth or debris move down a slope. Debris and mud flows are rivers of rock, earth, and other debris saturated with water. They develop during intense rainfall, runoff, or rapid snowmelt, changing the earth into a flowing river of mud or “slurry.” They can flow rapidly, striking with little or no warning at avalanche speeds (faster than a person can run). They also can travel many miles from their source, growing in size as they pick up trees, boulders, cars and other materials. Debris flows don’t always stay in stream channels and they can flow sideways as well as downhill.
When a wildfire burns a slope, it increases the chance of debris flows for several years. Although some landslides require lengthy rain and saturated slopes, a debris flow can start on a dry slope after only a few minutes of intense rain. “Intense” rain means a burst of rain at a fast rate, about half an inch in an hour. With debris flows, the rate matters more than total rainfall.
Debris flows are a type of mass movement that consist of highly concentrated dispersions of poorly sorted sediment (from clay- to boulder-sized particles) in water that may move at very high speeds and have great destructive power. Debris flows generally appear as waves (surges) that have steep fronts consisting mostly of boulders. Behind the bouldery front, the stage height and number of boulders gradually decrease, and the surge is charged with pebble-sized fragments and then becomes more and more dilute until it finally appears as muddy water. Some of these features are reflected in the graphs of stage versus time. Because of their characteristics, debris flows are considered intermediate processes between landslides and water floods.
Land-use zoning, professional inspections, and proper design can reduce many landslide problems but evacuation is often the only way to protect lives from a debris flow or other fast-moving landslide. A landslide is movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. In monsoons the rain water percolates and develops hydraulic pressure which exceeds the elastic limit of the soil or rocks. Due to this the strain gets accumulated which forces the soil and rocks to loosen their adhesive strengths entailing landslides. Landslides destroy agricultural/forest lands, road transports, destroys earth’s natural environment as a whole causing great loss to life. Landslides can also be said of “Mass Wasting”, which refers to any down slope movement of soil and rock due to gravity. It causes property damage, injury and death. Also, it adversely a?ects a variety of resources such as water supplies, ?sheries, sewage disposal systems, dams and roadways for years after a slide event. The landslides occur when the slope changes from a stable to an unstable condition. This change in the stability of a slope can be caused by many factors together or alone. The Natural causes, such as, ground water pressure acting to destabilize the slope, erosion at the bottom of a slope by rivers or ocean waves, earthquakes adding
loads to barely stable slope, earthquake caused liquefaction destabilizing slopes. The Manmade causes, such as, deforestation, cultivation and construction which destabilizes the already fragile slopes, vibrations from machinery or tra?c. Rock avalanches, debris flows, soil movement, mud flows are the various forms of landslide.
Debris flows are a type of mass movement that occurs in mountain torrents. They consist of a high concentration of solid material in water that flows as a wave with a steep front. Debris flows can be considered a phenomenon intermediate between landslides and water floods. They are amongst the most hazardous natural processes in mountainous regions and may occur under different climatic conditions. Their destructiveness is due to different factors: their capability of transporting and depositing huge amounts of solid materials, which may also reach large sizes (boulders of several cubic meters are commonly transported by debris flows), their steep fronts, which may reach several meters of height and also their high velocities. The implementation of both structural and non-structural control measures is often required when debris flows endanger routes, urban areas and other infrastructures.
Sensor networks for debris-flow monitoring and warning play an important role amongst non-structural measures intended to reduce debris-flow risk. In particular, debris flow warning systems can be subdivided into two main classes: advance warning and event warning systems. These two classes employ different types of sensors. Advance warning systems are based on monitoring causative hydro meteorological processes (typically rainfall) and aim to issue a warning before a possible debris flow is triggered. Event warning systems are based on detecting debris flows when these processes are in progress. They have a much smaller lead time than advance warning ones but are also less prone to false alarms. Advance warning for debris flows employs sensors and techniques typical of meteorology and hydrology, including measuring rainfall by means of rain gauges and weather radar and monitoring water discharge in headwater streams.
Landslide detection can be done by using diverse methods like visual inspection using image/video processing, satellite remote sensing, using statistical methods or using machine learning algorithms. Landslide detection can also be based on data driven approaches using wireless sensor networks (WSN).
So there is a need for an event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection with the help of sensors. The present invention helps in preventing the natural calamity by detecting its early movement and to reduce or save the human loss caused by the landslide and to ?nd a certain way in which the sensing elements should respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
The main object of the present invention is to provide an event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection with the help of sensors.
Another object of the present invention is to prevent the natural calamity by detecting its early movement and to reduce or save the human loss caused by the landslide.
Yet another object of the present invention is to ?nd a certain way in which the sensing elements should respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center.
Other objects and benefits of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to bind the scope of the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
Accordingly, an event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection comprising of; sensing elements respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center; characterizing the presence of sensible zones or elements at risk where greater attention has to be paid; managing the data flow operations with the help of The control unit (a microcontroller) which manages the data-flow operations and Sending the data with the help of webs sensor to the database of the website.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Fig 1 is the flowchart for the event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection with the help of sensors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH RESPECT TO DRAWINGS:
The present invention is an event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection with the help of sensors. The present invention prevents the natural calamity by detecting its early movement and to reduce or save the human loss caused by the landslide. The present invention ?nds a certain way in which the sensing elements should respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center.
In one embodiment, The sensors are spatially displaced along the considered area according to topographical information. The present invention starts from available information concerning the population distribution and density in order to detect the target area. Such information associated to topographical data, allows system to perform the best partition of the area. The number and size of the zones are chosen according to the desired resolution and accuracy of the sampling plan. When the satellite image of the area is acquired, an initial partition grid is applied. According to the economic resources and the number of sensors, the user can specify the desired number of partitions.
The whole area is so divided in several zones with the same size. In this stage, it is possible to characterize the presence of sensible zones or elements at risk where greater attention has to be paid. The algorithm thickens further the partition of the sensible zones. So, for example, zones which are highly urbanized and densely populated have higher risks in presence of hazardous situations.
The position of the sensor within the single local zone is defined by simulations based on geological and topographical features of the zone. It is a wireless smart sensor with three accelerometers. Signals are conditioned by means of a circuit. Conditioning circuit is based on multiple amplification stages with an auto-scale setting. The control unit is based on a microcontroller architecture which manages the data-flow operations. The single web-sensor sends data to a database of the website..
In this way, the Web page stores information on the whole monitored area. Data are so shared by means of Internet network in order to make easier the access and the exchange of information among several monitoring networks. The IoT architecture offers several advantages like the sharing of data, the timely availability of information and the simple interconnection between sensor networks. In fact the use of IoT technology allows to simplify the design of monitoring systems distributed on wide areas spatially distant. User can get access to the Web page by a password in order to have an overview of the area. So data concerning measurements, GPS information, and topographical records are used to characterize each local zone in terms of landslide risk assessment. The present invention provides practical tools for civil protection by drawing alarm reports about landslide triggering events. A hazard map is therefore drawn to characterize the zones which require immediate intervention. Consequently, suitable actions can be projected for safeguarding population and infrastructures from damages.
The first point is important: the physical object itself must be relevant from a user or in the application perspective. For example, a temperature sensor that sends data to a remote dashboard is not an IoT device. Once raw data are acquired, the business logic can notify alarms or create new data, for example, forecasts, combining trends, and different data sources. The intensity of a measured variable or the result of some statistical elaborations can assume different sense in the phase of sensing, data analysis, and communication to the stakeholders. Rain sensors alone cannot forecast floods. The data for the analysis can be a mix among rain gauge measures and satellite information.
An event warning system based on debris flow monitoring and landslide detection comprising of;
a. sensing elements respond quickly to rapid changes of data and send this sensed data to data analysis center;
b. characterizing the presence of sensible zones or elements at risk where greater attention has to be paid;
c. managing the data flow operations with the help of The control unit (a microcontroller) which manages the data-flow operations.
d. Sending the data with the help of webs sensor to the database of the website; and
e. Sending alarm to the respective locations to alert people.