Lead Delivery Apparatus
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of a
predetermined volume of lead to a mould and in particular, but not exclusively, to
such apparatus for use in manufacturing cast on straps during the manufacture
of batteries.
Background of Invention
In the manufacture of batteries, particularly for example lead acid
batteries, it is known to cast straps and other formations onto the lugs of battery
plates so as to, for example, form a connection between a set of plates within a
cell of the battery. Such straps are generally cast by filling a mould cavity with
lead and dipping lugs into the cavity prior to the cooling of the lead. Typically,
the mould cavities are filled by allowing lead to flow into channels at the sides of
the cavities and spill over a weir into the mould. An example of such a moulding
apparatus is shown in the Applicant's earlier application W094/16466. In order
to ensure a good connection between the lugs and casting, the lead must
remain hot until the lugs are in position. However, in order to minimise cycle
time in production, the lead must be cooled as quickly as possible once the
plates are in position.
It is important that the volume of lead is carefully controlled during strap
casting as excess lead (for example as a result of mould features such as weirs)
will have an impact on both the cost and weight of the final battery produced.
Embodiments of the invention seek to provide an apparatus which may
provide consistent measuring of lead and/or provide delivery of lead with
minimal cooling during transit to the mould and/or enable unimpeded access to
the mould by the plates.
Summary of Invention
According to the first aspect of the present invention there is provided an
apparatus for delivering a predetermined volume of lead to a mould including:
a housing defining a lead reservoir having a lead outlet defined in
its base and in communication with the reservoir;
a runway beneath the base, spaced from the base and generally
parallel thereto;
a block slidably mounted between the base and the runway and
defining a through cavity having the predetermined volume for
receiving lead from the outlet in a first position and for releasing
the lead in a second position; and
a mechanism for reciprocating the block between the first and
second positions.
This apparatus enables a single controlled volume of lead to be delivered
accurately to an outlet location. In addition to ensuring a consistent volume of
lead being delivered to a mould, the apparatus may also ensure that the lead
can be delivered from the reservoir with minimal heat loss.
The cavity may have an upper inlet which is aligned with the lead outlet in
the first position. The cavity may have a lower delivery port which can deliver
lead in the second position. The cavity may be substantially ceiling-less, for
example, the upper inlet of the cavity may be sized and shaped to match the
lead outlet in the base of the housing. Alternatively, the cavity upper inlet may
be smaller than the outlet in the base of the housing such that it lies within the
outlet in the first position. Such an arrangement has been found to ensure that
dross does not form within the cavity of the block but will instead float up the top
of the reservoir from which it can be easily skimmed.
The runway may be provided with an opening at the second position.
Alternatively, the runway may be arranged to stop short of the second position.
The opening or runway end may be arranged to guide lead which is released
form the cavity.
The housing may define a bleed opening, which may be aligned in the
second position for allowing the ingress of gas into the upper part of the cavity in
the second position. Thus, advantageously the bleed opening assists with
smooth delivery of the volume of lead when the block is in the second position.
The block may further include a passageway, for example a through hole,
for connecting the reservoir to a lead supply when the block is in the first
position. The lead supply may, for example, be a constant head lead supply.
The apparatus may further comprise a drive mechanism for reciprocating
the block. For exam ple, the drive mechanism may com prise a crank
mechanism.
The facing surfaces of the block and the reservoir may form a seal
therebetween. The facing surfaces of the block and the runway may form a seal
therebetween. At least one of the, or each, pair of facing surfaces may be
provided with a graphite coating. The base of the housing and the runway may
be arranged at an incline such that any lead leakage is directed in a
predetermined direction. A gully may be provided at the edge of the runway to
contain any such leakage.
In some embodiments the lead may be released directly from the block at
the second position into a mould. Alternatively, the apparatus may further
comprise a chute defining a lead passageway for extending between the second
position and a mould fill position. A passageway may be arranged to ensure
that the turbulence of the flow of lead into the mould is minimised and ensure a
quick and clean fill of the mould cavity. The passageway may include a channel
and a gap at the mould fill position and the chute may further comprise a wall on
the opposite side of the gap to the channel for directing lead downwards as it
debouches from the channel. The channel may be an open channel, for
example a half pipe channel.
The apparatus may further comprise a moveable support for supporting
the chute and arranged to move the chute between a lead delivery position and
a rest or store position (for example, the moveable support may be a carriage).
The block may comprise a plurality of cavities. For example, a plurality of
cavities may be provided in which each cavity may be arranged to deliver a
predetermined volume of lead to a different section of the mould (for example to
form different straps). The cavities may have different volumes (for example one
cavity may be for a strap and another may be for a strap including a post).
Multiple cavities could be fed from a single reservoir. The reservoir may have a
single lead outlet or could be provided with a lead outlet for each cavity.
The runway may be provided with a blind hole which is aligned with a
cavity (and may, therefore, also be aligned with the inlet) when the block is in the
first position. The cavity may be sized and shaped to match the outlet of the
cavity (such that the blind hole may coextensive with the cavity when the block is
in the first position). The blind hole may be arranged to provide a sump below
the cavity for receiving lead. Advantageously, the Applicants have found that
the provision of a sump helps to resist the build up of dross on the sealing
surface between the runway and block.
The housing may be provided with a cover to define an enclosed ullage
above the reservoir. Advantageously, the ullage may be filled with an inert gas
which reduces or eliminates the formation of dross on the surface of the lead.
Therefore, the housing may further include an inlet for the provision of an inert
gas to the ullage. The bleed opening may be in communication with the ullage
such that inert gas is drawn into the cavity during delivery of the lead.
Advantageously, this has been found to reduce build up of lead oxides on the
walls of the cavity which would otherwise cause "decay" in the measured volume
of the cavity.
A lead delivery apparatus may comprise a plurality of apparatus
according to an embodiment of the invention. For example, a lead delivery
apparatus may comprise at least two blocks linked together to reciprocate
together.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a cast on
strap machine including a mould comprising a mould block defining a plurality of
mould recesses and an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention.
In some embodiments a block may be provided with a plurality of through
cavities each having a predetermined volume for receiving lead from an outlet in
a first position and for releasing the lead in a second position. For example, the
cavities may each have a predetermined volume to match that required for a
particular mould recess.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided a
lead delivery apparatus comprising a delivery chute which, in use, defines a
passageway between a lead delivery device and a mould wherein the chute is
moveable between a lead delivery position, in which at least a portion of the
chute is positioned over a mould, and a store position in which the chute does
not overlie the mould.
The store position may be arranged to be below the plane of the upper
mould surface.
The chute may be arranged to move across the surface of the mould
before being displaced in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the
plane and the mould surface. For example, the chute may be translated across
the surface of the mould from the first position in which it is positioned over the
mould to a second position in which the chute does not overlie the mould and
may then further move in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the
plane and mould surface to reach the store position. Alternatively the chute may
be moved by a rotational movement.
At least part of the movement of the chute may be linked to the
movement of a jig box which is arranged, in use, to bring a part into contact with
the lead in the mould. For example, the chute may move across the surface of
the mould before being moved below the level of the mould in conjunction with
the movement of the jig box.
Whilst the invention has been described above, it extends to any
inventive combination of features set out above or in the following description or
drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail by
way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section view of a cast on strap machine
according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the embodiment of Figure 1 in the
reservoir and cavity fill position;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the embodiment of Figure 1 in a lead
delivery position;
Figure 4 is a schematic view of embodiment of Figure 1 immediately after
lead delivery and with the chutes in their first retracted position;
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the embodiment of Figure 1 with the
battery plates brought into contact with the mould and the chutes in their fully
retracted position;
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the embodiment of Figure 1 as the straps
are ejected;
Figure 7 is a schematic view of a mechanism for use in embodiments of
the invention; and
Figure 8 is a schematic view of a multiple cavity block for use in
embodiments of the invention.
Description of an Embodiment
A cast on strap machine 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention is arranged to provide liquid lead into the mould cavities of a mould 50
before tabs 82 of a set of battery plates 80 are moved into position by a jig box
70 with the tabs 82 within the mould cavities and the lead can solidify so as to
form straps connecting the tabs. A lead delivery apparatus 5 is provided for
delivering a predetermined volume of lead to the mould 50. The lead delivery
apparatus 5 generally comprises a housing 2 , which defines an inlet reservoir 4 ,
a block 10 , a mechanism 20, a runway 30 and a chute 40. The lead delivery
apparatus 5 is connected to a lead supply 60. It will be noted that in the
illustrated embodiment a pair of identical lead delivery apparatus are provided to
deliver to opposing sides of the mould 50 (and fed from a common lead supply
60). It will be appreciated that this will depend upon the type of mould to be
formed and therefore the invention may be used in a single or multiple
arrangements. For clarity, the following description will describe the operation of
only a single side of the apparatus but it will be appreciated from the figures that
the two sides operate in an identical fashion (albeit with their motions mirrored).
The housing 2 defines a lead reservoir 4 in its interior and is generally
arranged to have an open upper surface such that dross which accumulates
maybe easily skimmed from the lead in the reservoir. An inlet 8 is provided for
the supply of lead and an outlet 6 is provided in the base of the reservoir.
The housing may further be provided with a cover 3 which encloses the
reservoir 4 but which is spaced apart from the lead fill level of the reservoir. As
such an ullage 4b (i.e. an unfilled space) is defined above the reservoir 4 . A gas
inlet 9 is provided at the rear of the housing 4 which extends into the ullage 4b
such that, in use, the ullage 4b may be filled with an inert gas (for example pure
nitrogen or argon). Typically, the gas will be introduced at atmospheric pressure
(so as not to effect the flow of lead) but with a flow rate which is sufficiently high
to expel the air from the ullage 4b.
The housing is further provided with a bleed opening 7 which (as
described in below) is arranged to be aligned with the through cavity 12 when
the block 10 is in the second position. The bleed opening 7 is in fluid
communication with the ullage 4b of the housing 2 .
Spaced apart from, and below, the housing 2 is a runway 30 which is
arranged parallel to the lower surface of the housing and defines a slot
therebetween which is shaped and sized to receive a block 10 . The runway is
provided with a through hole 34 aligned with the inlet 8 on the housing 2 and a
blind recess 36 in alignment with the outlet 6 of the housing 2 (the blind recess
36 will form a sump as described below). The runway 30 is sloped relative to
the horizontal such that it's inward (i.e. closest to the mould 50) end is higher
than its rearward end. This ensures that any lead which escapes during
operation of the machine will run away from the mould 50. Adjacent to the
rearward (and lowermost) point of the runway 30 there is provided a gully 39
(which may be formed as part of the runway 30 or the lead supply pipe 66 which
is positioned below the runway) for catching any lead leakage. The gully may be
arranged to return the lead to the lead supply 60.
The block 10 is provided with a through cavity 12 and a through hole 18 .
In the non-displaced position of the block 10 the through hole 18 is aligned with
the inlet 8 and through hole 34 to form the inlet path to the lead reservoir 4 . In
the same position, the through cavity 12 is aligned with the outlet 6 of the lead
reservoir 4 and the blind hole 36 of the runway 30 such that lead from the
reservoir will enter the blind hole 36 and cavity 12.
The mechanism 20 comprises a crank mechanism attached to the block
10 and arranged (as described below with reference to Figures 2 to 5) to move
the block between its neutral position and a lead delivery position.
A chute 40 is provided which defines a passageway 42 which, in use, is
arranged to deliver lead from the block 10 to the mould 50. The passageway 42
defines an inclined pathway for the lead and is provided with radiused corners to
ensure smooth flow and minimise turbulence of the lead. The chute is provided
with a moveable support 48 which is arranged to move the chute between a
delivery position and a retracted position (as will be described in more detail with
reference to Figures 2 to 5). A wall 44 is provided at the end of the chute 40
proximal to the mould 50 and a gap 45 is provided between the passageway 42
and wall 44. The gap 45, thus, forms an outlet to the chute 40.
Figure 2 shows the apparatus in its starting position in which the block 10
is aligned such that the through cavity 12 is below the outlet 6 of the lead
reservoir 4 and the through hole 18 is aligned with the inlet 8 of the lead
reservoir 4 . Thus, lead will flow from the constant head lead supply 60 (as
shown in Figure 1) through supply pipes 66A and 66 B (which may typically be
heated) and hole 34 in the runway 30 into the reservoir 4 . The reservoir will be
maintained at a fill level defined by the head of the lead supply 60 (which is
defined by a weir 64). As the through cavity 12 is in fluid communication with
the lead reservoir 4 , a predetermined volume of lead will fill the cavity 12 and an
additional volume of lead will enter the blind hole 36 so as to provide a sump
below the cavity 12. It will be noted that in this step the chutes 40 are already in
the delivery position in which the passageway 42 is below the end of the runway
32 and the gap 45 which defines the outlet of the chute is positioned above the
mould recess of the mould 50.
To commence filling of the mould, the mechanism 20 is actuated to slide
block 10 relative to the housing 2 and runway 30, as shown by the arrows A in
Figure 3 . The actuation mechanism will be described in more detail with
reference to Figure 7 below, but may be any convenient mechanism which
provides a reciprocating action of the block 10 . The block 10 slides inwards
towards the chute 40 until it reaches its second position (as shown in Figure 3)
in which the delivery port 16 of the through cavity 12 is aligned with the end 32
of the runway 30. In this position the bleed opening 7 provided in the housing 2
is in fluid communication with the inlet of the through cavity 12 such that gas
may be drawn into the upper portion of the through cavity 12. This arrangement
helps to avoid any vacuum effect which may hinder the release of the lead within
the through cavity 12 . Further, since the bleed opening 7 is in fluid
communication with the ullage 4b the gas drawn into the cavity is inert gas.
Advantageously, this has been found to reduce or avoid the formation of lead
oxides on the surfaces of the through cavity 12 which would otherwise (over the
course of many cycles) reduce the volume defined by the through cavity 12 .
This will, therefore, reduce the downtime required for cleaning and maintenance
of the machine.
The end 32 of the runway 30 and the outermost portion of the open
passageway 42 are arranged to provide a gradual downward transition to guide
the lead onto the chute with minimal turbulence which could otherwise result in
splashing. The lead passes along'9 the downwardly curved passageway until
reaching the gap 45 which provides the outlet to the chute 40. The wall 44
ensures a clean downwardly directed delivery of the lead into the mould cavity
50 with any lead which overshoots the gap 45 striking the wall and being
downwardly directed back through the gap 45.
Once the lead pouring has completed, the block 10 returns to its first
position in which the through cavity is aligned with the outlet 6 of lead reservoir 4
(moving in the direction of arrows B shown in Figure 4). In this position the
reservoir is again in fluid communication with the lead supply such that the level
of the reservoir will be replenished and the through cavity 12 will be refilled. At
this stage the chute 40 is retracted from its lead delivery position by being
moved away from the mould 50 towards the housing 2 . The chute is moved by
rotation of the moveable support 48 in the direction shown by arrows C, resulting
in the chute 40 moving in the direction of arrows D. A cut-out 38 is provided in
the lower surface of the runway 30 to accommodate the initial movement of the
chute. The cut-out is a stepped portion in the lower surface and may for
example be a slot of substantially equal width to that of the chute.
As shown in Figure 5 , the battery plates 80 are brought into position
above the mould 50 by a downward motion (in the direction of arrow E) until the
tabs 82 of the plates lie within the mould cavity (which now contains molten but
cooling lead). A mechanical connection is provided between the moveable
support 48 of the chute 40 and the jig box 70 such that the chutes move down
(as shown by arrow F) below the upper surface of mould 50 in conjunction with
the movement of the battery plates 80 towards the mould 50. This is
advantageous since the chute 40 will be hot (and may typically be heated to
ensure the required delivery temperature of the lead is achieved) and may help
to avoid any damage to the battery plates (or, more specifically, to the
separators between the battery plates). This arrangement may, for example,
enable the height of the tabs 82 to be reduced and/or may eliminate the need for
providing a cooling air supply over the mould 50 as is known in conventional
arrangements.
Finally, as shown in Figure 6 , the battery plates 80 are moved away from
the mould 50 by the jig box 70 (in the direction of arrow H) and eject the formed
straps with the tabs 82. In conjunction with the movement of the jig box 70 the
chutes 40 are moved upwards (in the direction of arrow G) and rotated inwards
(in the direction of arrow I) to return to the delivery position.
Figure 7 shows a mechanism 20 suitable for use in embodiments of the
invention. The mechanism comprises a drive motor 100 arranged to rotate a
crank 110 which is connected via a lever arm 120 to the block 10 . It will be
noted that a plurality of blocks 10a, 10b and 10c may each be connected to a
common mechanism for actuation in use. Each block 10 is associated with a
separate housing 2a, 2b and 2c defining an independent lead reservoir, each of
which is in fluid communication with the feed line 66. A simple connection may
be provided between the block 10 and the mechanism 20, for example a bar 2 1
and hook arm 22 arrangement, such that the block 10 and mechanism 20 may
easily be disconnected for example to clean the block, housing or runway, or to
replace the block (for example, to provide a block with a different capacity
through cavity 12).
In some embodiments it may be desirable to provide a plurality of through
cavities in a single block 2 10 as shown in Figure 8 . Each cavity 212a and 212b
may have a different predetermined volume depending on the mould feature for
which the lead is acquired. For example, a larger mould cavity 2 12a may be
provided for forming a post detail while a small mould cavity 2 12b may be
provided for forming a strap. The cavities 2 12a and 212b may be suitably
shaped such that their delivery ports 2 16a and 2 16b are of a standard profile
such that no modification is required to the chute 40.
All of the invention has been described above with reference to one or
more preferred embodiments. It will be appreciated that various changes or
modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as
defined in the appended claims.
For example, the skilled person will appreciate that while the embodiment
above has been primarily described in relation to the forming of straps, other
formations may also be cast onto the lugs of battery plates (for example posts)
and that a cast on strap machine may be used for the formation of any such
formations without departing from the scope of the invention.
In some embodiments it may be advantageous to provide a plurality of
cavities 12 arranged to deliver lead to a single mould cavity. For example, this
may be desirable for relatively large mould cavities. The plurality of cavities
could be in multiple blocks or in single multiple cavity block (of the type shown in
figure 8) For example, each cavity may measure a separate volume of lead and
the total volume of the cavities may provide the volume require for the particular
mould cavity. The cavities may for example deliver to different areas of a single
mould cavity to ensure an even distribution of lead.

Claims
Apparatus for delivering a predetermined volume of lead to a mould
including:
a housing defining a lead reservoir having a lead outlet defined in its
base and in communication with the reservoir;
a runway beneath the base, spaced from the base and generally
parallel thereto;
a block slidably mounted between the base and the runway and
defining a through cavity having the predetermined volume for
receiving lead from the outlet in a first position and for releasing the
lead in a second position; and
a mechanism for reciprocating the block between the first and second
positions.
Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cavity has an upper inlet
alignable with the lead outlet in the first position and a lower deliver
port which can deliver lead in the second position.
Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the runway stops short of or
has an opening at the second position.
Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the
housing defines a bleed opening aligned with the second position for
allowing the ingress of gas to the upper part of the cavity.
Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the
housing is provided with a cover to define an enclosed ullage above
the reservoir and wherein the housing further includes an inlet for the
provision of an inert gas to the ullage.
6 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the
block includes a through hole for connecting the reservoir to a lead
supply where the block is in the first position.
7 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further
including a drive mechanism for reciprocating the block.
8 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein
facing surfaces of the block and the reservoir form a seal
therebetween.
9 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein
facing surfaces of the block and runway form a seal.
10 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including a
constant head lead supply for supplying lead to the reservoir.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further
including a chute defining a lead passageway for extending between
the second position and a mould fill position.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein the passageway includes a
channel and a gap at the delivery position and the chute further
includes a wall on the opposite side of the gap to the channel for
directing lead downwardly as it debouches from the channel.
13 . Apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein the channel is an open
channel.
14 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13 including a
movable support for supporting the chute for movement between a
lead delivery position and a rest position.
15 . Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 14 further including a
carriage for the chute for moving the chute between a lead delivery
position and a store position.
16. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the block
comprises a plurality of through cavities each arranged for delivering a
predetermined volume of lead to a different section of a mould.
17 . Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the runway
further comprises blind hole which is aligned with the cavity when the
block is in the first position.
18 . Lead delivery apparatus including a plurality of apparatuses as
claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
19 . Lead delivery apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein at least a pair
of blocks are linked together to reciprocate together.
20. A cast on strap machine including a mould comprising a mould block
defining a plurality of mould recesses and an apparatus as claimed in
any one of claims 1 to 19 for delivering a predetermined volume of
lead for each recess.
2 1. A machine as claimed in claim 20 wherein at least a pair of blocks are
linked together to reciprocate together.
22. A lead delivery apparatus comprising a delivery chute which, in use,
defines a passageway between a lead delivery device and a mould,
wherein the chute is moveable between a lead delivery position in
which at least a portion of the chute is positioned over the mould and
a store position, in which the chute does not overlie the mould.
23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the store position is
below the plane of the upper mould surface.
24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22 or 23 wherein the chute is moved
across the surface of the mould before being displaced in a direction
which is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the mould surface.
25. An apparatus according to any of claims 22 to 24, wherein at least
part of the movement of the chute is linked to the movement of a jig
box which is arranged, in use, to bring a part into contact with the lead
in the mould.