Claims:We claim:

1. A lightweight linear mounting system for mechanically supporting and/or holding dry-clad stone panels/slabs in construction sites, said linear mounting system includes a plurality of linear mounts (100) comprising:

• a base plate (B) of predefined height (H) and thickness (T) and configured with a flat web portion (b1), and a profiled portion (b2) connected thereto with a predefined offset (h3);

• said flat web portion (b1) having at least two holes therein for mounting of said linear mount (100) on a fixed structure of the construction site;

• a middle cantilever portion (C) of predefined length (h1) and thickness (t2) connected to profile portion (b2) of base plate (B); and

• a flange portion (F) of predefined width (w1) and thickness (t1) connected to cantilever portion (C); said flat portion (F) is offset from said flat web portion (b1) by a predefined distance (h2- t1);

wherein said plurality of linear mounts (100) extend in parallel across the façade exposed to ambient environment or interior space exposed to conditioned environment in the construction site and supporting a plurality of stone panels/slabs (S) therebetween for improving the heat insulation and/or for protecting the exterior and/or interior space of the building structure from moisture, heat, sound and to eliminate any fire-hazards therein.

2. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said linear mounts (100) are made of extruded aluminium sections for supporting the stone panels/slabs placed on said cantilever portion (C) and/or holding the stone panels/slabs placed below said cantilever portion (C) in position.

3. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flat web portion (b1) is disposed on top and said profiled portion (b2) is disposed at the bottom with an eccentric flat portion thereof connected to the first end of said cantilever portion (C).

4. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second end of said cantilever portion (C) is connected to said flange portion (F).

5. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said flange portion (F) comprises a respective height (f1) and (f2) above and below said cantilever portion (C), said upper flange height (f1) supporting the stone panels/slabs placed thereon and/or the lower flange height (f2) firmly holding the stone panels/slabs placed below said cantilever portion (C) in position.

6. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said flange heights (f1) and (f2) are same or different depending on the aesthetic or architectural requirements of said linear mounting system.

7. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said linear mounts (100) is fixed on the exterior and/or interior space of the construction site by means of at least two fasteners inserted through the holes made in said flat web portion (b2) thereof.

8. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one of said holes is made adjacent the ends of said flat web portion (b2).

9. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said profile portion (b2) of base plate (B) is made to achieve the targeted heat insulation by configuring a substantially continuous cavity between the exterior and/or interior space of the building structure and said linear mount (100).

10. The linear mounting system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said linear mounts (100) is made of virgin or recycled aluminium.

Dated this 23rd day of February 2021.

Digitally Signed.

(SANJAY KESHARWANI)
APPLICANT’S PATENT AGENT
REGN. NO. IN/PA-2043. , Description:FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to stone fixing at construction sites. In particular, the present invention relates to a mechanical device for fixing stone slabs/panels at construction sites. More particularly, the present invention relates to a linear mount for fixing dry-clad stone slabs/panels at modern day construction sites.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Natural stone is the oldest building material known to the mankind. Stone structures have stood tall for ages and the use of dimensioned stones in the architecture has evolved over time. Stones resonate well with the nature. Stones have class and durability, which make them an exciting material to work on for civil engineers, architects, designers, and planners.

However, in the current climate conditions, stone has been marginalised due to bad quality of stone selection and lack of design information, which causes inaccurately produced/dimensioned stones, poor quality of fixing and inadequate cost-planning thereof.

STONE CLADDING

Stone has a versatile use in architecture, being the only building material that has multiple functions, e.g., as a structural member, finishing material as well aesthetic material. The oldest known structures used stones as a structural material. Stones have been an integral part of the architectures of almost all civilizations. It is very important to design a stone-fixing system which is safe and easy in install and which demonstrates enhanced quality of stone-fixing and retains the inherent properties of the stones.
DRY CLADDING

Dry-clad stone walls were developed to protect structural walls from the deteriorating weather-effects and to counterbalance the effect of water beating on the walls by keeping them dry. Dry-clad stones also imparts a high level aesthetic characteristics and thus demonstrates undisputed advantages of heat insulation and sound proofing. The dry cladding system for stones is a mechanical stone-securing system requiring no adhesive for installation of dry-clad stones. This system functions by securing and supporting the stone slabs by kerfs or back anchors. The system is articulated by relevant fasteners, which separate the natural stone sheets by means of vertical and horizontal joints therebetween. In such scenario, the joints between the natural stone panels/slabs must always be open.

The applicant specializes in designing stone-cladding systems as per the design/architectural requirements of different construction sites/buildings and which are developed to execute such projects at diverse construction sites. The applicant’s project execution experience in such dry-clad stone fixing systems has enable them to develop innovative stone-cladding systems, which are quite relevant to the modern structures these days. Our engineering associates assist us with the necessary structural expertise and calculations.

VENTILATED RAINSCREEN CLADDING

For a ventilated rainscreen, the stone-cladding is not be applied directly onto the building façade but fixed onto a substructure. This facilitates insulation of the façade, e.g., from moisture, thermal, sound as well as fire and weather protection. This method of stone-cladding creates a ventilation space between the stone components to regulate the moisture balance within the building structure. The present-day stone-cladding for ventilated rainscreen is amongst the most successful façade systems.

Current studies of the markets of various building façade verifies that besides the functional safety advantages of stone-cladding systems, the architects mostly appreciate the creative possibilities of such ventilated rainscreens. The ventilated rainscreen system allows for a selection of the most diverse stone-claddings.

The building façade configurations can be individually matched to the characteristics of the buildings on which these stone-cladded ventilated rainscreens are used. This also enables the implementation of a combination of different materials by using different stone-cladding materials.

Therefore, there is an existing need of an improved dry-clad stone-fixing system, which overcomes the disadvantages associated with the present-day
stone fixing systems.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

Some of the objects of the present invention - satisfied by at least one embodiment of the present invention - are as follows:

An object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system for fixing stone slabs/panels at construction sites.

Another object of the present invention is to provide dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system for fixing stone slabs/panels at construction sites.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which is light-weight and low-cost to implement.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which is suitable for ventilated rainscreens on the modern-day building structures.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which regulates the moisture balance within the building structure using such stone-fixing system.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which enables using a diverse material selection for enhanced aesthetics in modern-day building structures.

A yet further object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which facilitates to use a combination of different materials in modern-day building structures.

A yet another object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which facilitates improved insulation and/or protection from moisture, heat, sound and fire-hazard.

One more object of the present invention is to provide a dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing system, which facilitates the use of different sections of light-weight, low-cost materials to improve the ease/volume of manufacture thereof.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description, when read with the accompanying figures of drawing, which are however not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The idea underlying the present invention is to provide an improved dry-clad stone-fixing system and method for fixing thereof on interior or exterior building façades, which achieves different objects elaborated below.

In accordance with the present invention, a linear mount type dry stone-cladding system is developed for dry stone-cladding, in which the cavity between the adjacent stone slabs/panels is optimized.

Therefore, this dry stone-cladding system is most suitable for areas which are fairly in-line and levelled. This dry stone-cladding system offers horizontal connections between stone panels/slabs with continuous kerf, while reducing the shear load in the anchors and which is transferred onto the pull-out load.

The most-advantageous use of such improved dry-cladded stone systems is in the building exteriors and/or interiors, which are exposed to ambient/conditioned environment.

A significant advantage of this dry-cladded stone system is that it is 100% recyclable. This system is generally recommended for interiors because of its efficiency and optimization of tight spaces.

The applicant has developed a specific system for dry-cladding in the interiors, e.g., modern buildings having large atriums open to sky, in which the stone is best installed by using such dry-cladding stone-fixing systems, because of its inherent secured stone-fixing mechanism.

The preferred material for such dry-cladding stone-fixing system is Aluminium. It has the following advantages:
• Durability
• Flexibility
• Lightweight
• High corrosion resistance
• Insulation properties
• Recyclability
• Thermal efficiency
• Extrudability in different sections to achieve optimum strength in pre-engineered profiles.

A preferred material specification is Aluminium Alloy 6063 T6, which has ultimate tensile strength of at least 190 MPa (28,000 psi) and yield strength of at least 160 MPa (23,000 psi). It exhibits an elongation of 8% or more in thicknesses of 3.15 mm (0.124 inch) or less and in thicker sections, it has an elongation of 10%. The material composition of Aluminium Alloy 6063 T6 is as given below:

Silicon minimum 0.2%, maximum 0.6% by weight
Iron no minimum, maximum 0.35%
Copper no minimum, maximum 0.10%
Manganese no minimum, maximum 0.10%
Magnesium minimum 0.45%, maximum 0.9%
Chromium no minimum, maximum 0.10%
Zinc no minimum, maximum 0.10%
Titanium no minimum, maximum 0.10%
Other elements not more than 0.05% each, 0.15% total
Remainder Aluminium
KEY FEATURES OF LINEAR MOUNT

1) Requires minimum cavity, particularly important for building interiors, because the interior space is the most-valuable commodity in the realty-sector.

2) Provides full safety as compared to the wet-fixing systems, in which stones often loosen and fall-down over long durations.

3) Enables a proportional and uniform load-distribution on the Aluminium channels thanks to narrow continuous kerf used therein.

4) Extruded customized Aluminium section profile is engineered to convert the shear load on anchors into pull-out load to make anchors stronger, and thereby substantially enhances the safety of dry-clad stone-fixing system.

5) Completely recyclable to make it most environmentally friendly system available until now because every component/material can be re-used.

6) Allows the use of recycled Aluminum, instead of just virgin Aluminum.

7) Requires no synthetic/epoxy filling between the stone joints, thus makes it low-cost, unharmful to the natural/inherent properties of stones.

8) Easy, safe, and fast to install being a mechanical fixed system as compared to wet-fixing systems.

9) Insulating cavity functions as insulator and imparts protection from changing weather by acclimatization of stones and safeguards RCC structure due to changing weather.

10) Prevents stone discoloration as this stone-fixing system is completely dry and devoid of water, thus stone colour remains the same after installation and over longer durations than the wet-clad stone fixing systems.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a lightweight linear mounting system for mechanically supporting and/or holding dry-clad stone panels/slabs in construction sites, the linear mounting system includes a plurality of linear mounts comprising:

• a base plate of a predefined height and thickness and configured with a flat web portion, and a profiled portion connected thereto with an offset;

• the flat web portion having at least two holes therein for mounting of the linear mount on a fixed structure of the construction site;

• a middle cantilever portion of a predefined length and thickness connected to profile portion of base plate; and

• a flange portion of predefined width and thickness connected to cantilever portion; the flat portion is offset from the flat web portion by a predefined distance;

wherein the plurality of linear mounts extends in parallel across the façade exposed to ambient environment or interior space exposed to conditioned environment in the construction site and supporting a plurality of stone panels/slabs therebetween for improving the heat insulation and/or for protecting the exterior and/or interior space of the building structure from moisture, heat, sound and to eliminate any fire-hazards therein.

Typically, the linear mounts are made of extruded aluminium sections for supporting the stone panels/slabs placed on the cantilever portion and/or holding the stone panels/slabs placed below the cantilever portion in position.

Typically, the flat web portion s disposed on top and the profiled portion (b2) is disposed at the bottom with an eccentric flat portion thereof connected to the first end of the cantilever portion.
Typically, the second end of the cantilever portion is connected to the flange portion.

Typically, the flange portion comprises a respective height and above and below the cantilever portion, the upper flange height supporting the stone panels/slabs placed thereon and/or the lower flange height firmly holding the stone panels/slabs placed below the cantilever portion in position.

Typically, the flange heights and are same or different depending on the aesthetic or architectural requirements of the linear mounting system.

Typically, each of the linear mounts is fixed on the exterior and/or interior space of the construction site by means of at least two fasteners inserted through the holes made in the flat web portion thereof.

Typically, at least one of the holes is made adjacent the ends of the flat web portion.

Typically, the profile portion of base plate is made to achieve the targeted heat insulation by configuring a substantially continuous cavity between the exterior and/or interior space of the building structure and the linear mount.

Typically, the linear mounts is made of virgin or recycled aluminium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

The present invention will be briefly described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a typical customized section of the linear mount for dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing configured in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a top-view of the linear mount of Figure 1 installed on an external/internal wall of a construction site for dry-clad stone-fixing according to the present invention.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a pair of linear mounts of Figure 1 ready for installation on external/internal wall when seen from stone panel/slab side.

Figure 4 shows a schematic arrangement of one of the linear mounts of Figure 3 installed on an external/internal wall, when seen from stone panel/slab side.

Figure 5 shows another perspective side-view of a pair of linear mounts of Figure 3 ready to be installed on an external/internal wall when viewed from the stone panel/slab side.

Figure 6 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 marked with a cross-section of the vertical flat portion or flange marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon.

Figure 7 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 marked with a cross-section of the horizontal flat or cantilever section marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon.

Figure 8 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 marked with a cross-section of the base plate having a vertical flat upper portion and a profiled lower section marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

In the following, a linear mount for dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing configured in accordance with the present invention will be described in more details with reference to the accompanying drawings without limiting the scope and ambit of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a typical customized section of the linear mount for dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing configured in accordance with the present invention. The exemplary linear mount 100 includes a height H of the base plate B having a vertical flat upper portion b1, thickness T and a profiled lower section b2 connected to a cantilever portion C of length height h1 and thickness t2, which in turn is connected to a vertical flange portion F having a width w1 and thickness t1 and the lengths of upper or lower portions of this flange portion f1, f2 being the same or different according to the linear-mount design requirements. Web thickness T is offset in the profiled portion by a height h3 from the base of the base plate flat portion. The linear mount has a total height h2. The linear mount 100 is made of extruded Aluminium section and customizable according to the desired characteristics of the building in which it is to be used for mounting this improved dry-clad stone-fixing system.

Figure 2 shows a top-view of the linear mount 100 of Figure 1 installed on an external/internal wall W of a construction site for dry-clad stone-fixing system configured according to the present invention. It shows fasteners 50, linear mount channel 30 supporting the stone slab/panel S.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a pair of linear mounts 100 of Figure 1 ready for installation on external/internal wall when seen from stone panel/slab side. Each linear mount 100 includes a base plate web 10 and flange 20 connected by a cantilever 30. Web 10 includes a curved/profiled portion 40 for imparting sufficient cavity between the wall or façade (not shown) and stone S for the purpose of targeted weather protection and insulation of the building structure. Predefined sized holes are provided in the web 10 for fastening of each linear mount 100 by means of at least two anchor fasteners 50 (only one for each stone is shown) on external or internal walls or façade of the building structure for dry-clad stone fixing according to the present invention. The insulating cavity between linear mount 100 and wall or façade acts as insulator for requisite protection from changing weather or weather and from moisture as a ventilating rainscreen by the natural acclimatization of stones for RCC structure’s safety.

Figure 4 shows a schematic arrangement of one of the linear mounts 100 of Figure 3 installed on an external/internal wall W, when seen from the panel/slab-side of the stone S having length L and width W2 and mounted on wall or façade W by means of at least two anchor fasteners 50 tightened at predefined intervals.

Figure 5 shows another perspective side-view of a pair of linear mounts of Figure 3 ready to be installed on an external/internal wall when viewed from the stone panel/slab S side. Here, two linear mounts 100 consecutively placed one above the other are carrying two respective stone pieces, e.g., of 1000 mm x 900 mm sizes to be used for the wall or façade of a modern building structure. Each of these linear mounts 100 are mounted in the wall by means of anchor fasteners 50. Accordingly, each stone S is fastened between two such linear mounts 100 and stone S slabs/panels is protected from falling down due to wind speed as well as functions as rainwater screening. The spaces or cavities created between the walls or façade and stones S and between the stones S themselves also serve as insulator to protect the building structure from changing weather conditions. In addition, different configurations of linear mounts are customizable by using calculations given below to obtain desired aesthetic and architectural targets.
Figure 6 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 marked with a cross-section of the vertical flat portion or flange marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon. This vertical flange portion (on RHS) is connected to the lower profiled portion of the base plate (on LHS) by means of a horizontal flat or cantilever portion (in middle). The dimensions f1, f2 of this flange above and below the middle cantilever portion is customizable and can be kept the same or different as per the aesthetic or architectural requirements. The vertical flange having a width W1 and thickness t1 experiences a maximum actual force VF due to the dead load of the stone. It also experiences a maximum actual force HF due to the wind load on the stone face.

Figure 7 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 marked with a cross-section of the horizontal flat or cantilever portion (in middle) marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon. This cantilever portion connects the profiled portion of the base plate (on LHS) to the vertical flange portion (on RHS) and has dimensions h1 x t2. This cantilever portion experiences a maximum actual force VC due to the dead load of the stone. It also experiences a maximum actual force HC due to the wind load on the stone face.

Figure 8 shows a side view of a linear mount 100 of Figure 1 shows the cross-section of the base plate having a vertical flat upper portion and a profiled lower section and is marked with various dimensions thereof used for calculation of different horizonal and vertical forces or loads acting thereon. This base plate has height H and thickness T. The lower profiled portion of this base plate has an eccentricity h3 with respect to the vertical flat portion. The lower profiled portion is connected on the RHS to the cantilever portion having a length h1 and thickness t2. This lower profiled portion experiences a maximum actual force VR due to the dead load of the stone S. It also experiences a maximum actual force HR due to the wind load on the stone face.

This wind load and stone weight cause a predetermined deflection of the linear mount as per the calculations as follows:
STONE DIMENSIONS:

Stone-Length 0.900 m
Stone-Width 1.000 m
Stone-Thickness 0.020 m
Stone Density 28.6000 kN/m3
Stone’s Self-Weight 0.515 kN
Number of clamps supporting each stone 2.000
Weight/clamp (each stone supported by 2 clamps) 0.257 kN

CALCULATION FOR LINEAR MOUNT SYSTEM

The following calculation was used for customizing the linear mount system for dry-clad mechanical stone-fixing configured in accordance with the present invention:

Aluminium alloy 65032WP, T6 as per IS:8147-1976 used for extruded linear mount system:

Allowable stress for Aluminium alloy 65032WP, T6

Bending stress 143 N/mm2
Axial stress 129 N/mm2
Shear stress 77 N/mm2
Bearing stress 201 N/mm2

Load Data for Stone Cladding:

Dead Load
Stone thickness 20 mm
Stone Length 1000 mm
Stone Height 900 mm
Stone Density 26 kN/m3
Dead Weight of Stone 0.468 kN/m2
Wind/Seismic Load of Stone 1.0 kN/m2

Bracket Design for Stone Cladding
Max. Horizontal Reaction HR 0.45 kN
Max. Vertical Reaction VR 21 kN

Aluminium Vertical Flat (Flange holding stones): Fig. 6

No. of Flange N 1
No. of Interfaces n1 2
Max. Actual Force due to Dead load 0.21 kN
Max. Actual Force due to Wind load 0.45 kN
Flange Length L 1000 mm
Length Thickness t1 2 mm

Shear Test
Shear Stress induced in Flange H / (L x t1 x n1) 0.1125 N/mm2
Allowable Shear Stress 77 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 684.44 (thus safe).

Bending Test
Eccentricity of Horizontal Load h2 13.6 mm
Moment due to Horizontal Load M1 (H x h2 / 2) 3.06 kN/mm
Moment of Inertia (L x t13 / 12) 667 mm4
Section Modulus Z (L x t12 / 6) 667 mm3
Bending Stress induced in Flange M1 / Z 4.59 N/mm2
Allowable Bending Stress 143 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 31.15 (thus safe).

Axial Load Test
Axial Stress induced in Flange [V / (L x t1) 0.11 N/mm2
Allowable Axial Stress 129 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 1225.07 (thus safe).
Combined Axial & Bending Test 0.064 (thus safe).

Aluminium Horizontal Plate (Cantilever supporting stones): Fig. 7

Max. Actual Force due to Dead load Vc 0.45 kN
Max. Actual Force due to Wind load Hc 0.21 kN
Cantilever Length L 1000 mm
Cantilever Thickness t2 5.1 mm
Cantilever h2 25.6 mm

Bending Test

Eccentricity of Vertical Load eV (h2- t1) 23.6 mm
Moment due to Horizontal Load M2 [V x (h2- t1)] 10.62 kN/mm
Moment of Inertia (h1- t1) x t23 / 12 11054 mm4
Section Modulus Zc [(h1- t1) x t22/6] 4335 mm3
Bending Stress induced in Cantilever M2/Zc 2.45 N/mm2
Allowable Bending Stress 143 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 58.37 (thus safe).

Axial Load Test

Axial Stress induced in Cantilever V / [(h1- t1)x t2 x 2] 0.04 N/mm2
Allowable Axial Stress 129 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 2924.00 (thus safe).
Shear Test

Shear Stress induced in Cantilever H / [(h1- t1) x t2 0.0413 N/mm2
Allowable Shear Stress 77 N/mm2
Factor of Safety 1864.67 (thus safe).
Combined Axial & Bending Test 0.064 (thus safe).

Aluminium Base plate (Fixed on wall/building structure): Fig. 8

Base plate width W2 25.6 mm
Vertical Height H 71.0 mm
Thickness T 2.3 mm
Length L 1000 mm
Max. Actual Force due to Dead load Vf 0.45 kN
Max. Actual Force due to Wind load Hf 0.21 kN
Eccentricity of Vertical Load eV (h2- t1) 25.6 mm
Moment due to Horizontal Load M2 [V x (h2- t1)] 11.52 kN mm
Max. Bending Moment Mv (V x eV) 0.01152 kN m
Direct Force DF 0.21 kN
Max. Stress induced at base plate 0.536 N/mm2
Max. Bending Moment in base plate 1573.00 N/mm
Max. Permissible Thickness of base plate 0.96 mm
Actual Thickness of base plate > Max. Permissible Thickness 2.3 >0.96 (so safe).

Deflection Test
Max. Load P 0.66 kN
Plate Length L 1000 mm
Moment of Inertia I 29825916.7 mm4
Modulus of Elasticity E 68.9 kN/mm2
Actual Deflection 0.11 mm
Maximum Permissible Deflection 3.08 mm
Actual Deflection < Max. Permissible Deflection (thus safe).
Anchor Fastener Tests:

Yield Stress of Material y 383.000 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress 0.45 x y 172.350 N/mm2
Permissible Bending Stress 0.66 x y 252.780 N/mm2
Permissible Axial Stress 0.60 x y 229.800 N/mm2

Anchor Fastener Shear Test

Embedment depth for Anchor Fasteners 70.000 mm
Fastener Diameter 8.000 mm
Total Applicable Shear 0.257 kN
Shear capacity of Fastener B224 (M8) 1.000 kN
Factor of Safety (Shear capacity / Actual Stress) 3.885 (thus safe).

Anchor Fastener Tension Test

Seismic Co-efficient 0.040
Weight per Stone 0.515 kN
Horizontal seismic Load on Stone 0.021 kN
Area/Stone 0.900 m2
Anchor Tension due to Max. Wind Pressure on Stone 0.961kN/m2
Horizontal Wind Force on Stone 0.871 kN
Governing Load (Wind Load) 0.860 kN
Tension/M8 Anchor Fastener 0.430 kN
Tension capacity/Anchor Fastener 4.800 kN
Factor of Safety against Tension Load 11.163 (thus safe).
Combined Stresses 0.347 (thus safe).

TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

The linear mount for dry-clad mechanical fixing of panels/slabs in construction sites configured according to the present invention has following advantages:

• Requires minimum cavity.

• Provides full safety from fall-down of stone panels/slabs from walls.

• Offers proportional and uniform load-distribution.

• Customized profile converts shear load on anchor fasteners into pull-out load to impart strength thereto.

• Completely recyclable thus environmentally friendly.

• Enables use of both recycled and Aluminum.

• Requires no synthetic/epoxy filling between the stone joints, thus low-cost, does not harm stone slabs/panels.

• Easy, safe, and fast to install being a simple mechanical fixed system.

• Insulating cavity functions as insulator and imparts protection from changing weather.

• Prevents stone discoloration over longer durations.

The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments.

It is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation. The exemplary embodiments described in this specification are intended merely to provide an understanding of various manners in which this embodiment may be used and to further enable the skilled person in the relevant art to practice this invention.
Although, the embodiments presented in this disclosure have been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, the skilled person in the art would readily recognize that these embodiments can be applied with modifications possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention as described in this specification by making innumerable changes, variations, modifications, alterations and/or integrations in terms of materials and method used to configure, manufacture and assemble various constituents, components, subassemblies and assemblies, in terms of their size, shapes, orientations and interrelationships without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

The numerical values given of various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher or lower than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.

Throughout this specification, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, shall be understood to imply including a described element, integer or method step, or group of elements, integers or method steps, however, does not imply excluding any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or method steps.

The use of the expression “a”, “at least” or “at least one” shall imply using one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as used in the embodiment of the disclosure in order to achieve one or more of the intended objects or results of the present invention.

The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description. In the description, relative terms such as “lower”, “upper”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, “above”, “below”, “up”, “down”, “top”, and “bottom” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g. “horizontally”, “inwardly”, “outwardly”; “downwardly”, “upwardly” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion.

These relative terms are for convenience of description and do not require that the corresponding apparatus or device be constructed or operated in a particular orientation. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, such as “connected” and “interconnected”, refer to a relationship, wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.