Filed of the invention:
The present invention is related to an overhead Line Fault Passage Indicator. More particularly the present invention provides a device for overhead line fault passage indication with remote communication capabilities comprising of a current sensing device microcontroller.
Background of the invention:
Traditional methods of identifying faults on overhead power distribution and transmission lines from involves patrolling the whole line including all branches to identify the origination. It also gives rise to inaccuracies in exact location, cause and type of faults. It results in spending a lot of manpower and resources, and still does not guarantee correct identification. Most importantly, the traditional method does not allow power to be restored for hours on the whole distribution channel due to a minor fault at one of the points .
Due to various branches of the power distribution and transmission lines the fault, once occurred, could have originated from any branch at any point. Using the traditional method one could be patrolling the lines repeatedly but still not be able to find the exact location or any location at all.

Apart from the location and the type of the fault, the magnitude of fault is equally critical. By knowing the magnitude of the fault current, the maintenance team can estimate the severity of the fault and take a correct decision pertaining to the extent of shutdown required.
Advantage of the Invention:
The present invention is capable of identifying the type, magnitude, location and the passage of fault current which has occurred on the line. It enables the distribution management companies to identify all key parameters pertaining to the fault helping in quicker identification and correct judgment of the fault they are dealing with.
The present invention is also capable of sending information to the control room / server about all parameters and location of the faults through various communication channels like GPRS / Ethernet / SMS via protocols such as RS485, MODBUS, IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850, DNP3.0 and many others.
Objectives of the invention
The main object of the invention is to develop a system whichis capable of identifying the type, magnitude, location and the passage of fault current which has occurred on the line.

Another object of the inventionis to develop a system enables the distribution management companies to identify all key parameters pertaining to the fault helping in quicker identification and correct judgment of the fault they are dealing with.
Further Another object of the invention is to develop a system which is capable of sending information to the control room / server about all parameters and location of the faults through various communication channels like GPRS / Ethernet / SMS via protocols such as RS485, MODBUS, IEC 60870-5-101, IEC 60870-5-103, IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850, DNP3.0 and many others.
Brief description of the invention:
According to the present invention, A system for fault passage indicator comprising a current sensing devicewhich senses the current value at every defined time interval connected to microcontroller, a microcontroller for reading the data collected by the current sensing device and makes sense of the magnitude, rate of change and direction of the current, a battery systemconnected to the microcontrollerfor figuring out low-voltage condition, a signaling system, a communication chip, a control box facilitating sending and receiving of data between the fault passage indicator on the lines and the control room.

Another embodiment of the invention, current sensing device reads the magnitude and direction of the current at every defined time interval.
Another embodiment of the invention,microcontroller is a small electronic device on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.
Another embodiment of the invention, signaling system consisting of LEDs and colourful flags.
Another embodiment of the invention, communication chip is connected to the microcontroller and acts as a medium of receiving and sending data to the control box.
Another embodiment of the invention, control box consisting of batteries, power module, microcontroller, local communication module and GSM/CDMA communication module.
Details of the drawings:
A more complete appreciation of the invention and the attachment advantages thereof will be more clearly understood by reference to the following accompanying drawings which are for illustrative purpose, hence the same should not be construed to restrict the scope of the invention. Fig 1 illustrates front view of fault passage indicator

Fig 2 illustratestop view of the fault passage indicator
Fig 3 illustrate L.H.S. and R.H.S. views of the Data collect unit
Fig 4 illustrate front view of the data collect unit
Fig 5 illustrate front internal view of data internal unit
Fig 6 illustrate top and bottom view of data internal unit
Fig 7 illustrateworking process of fault passage indictor
Description of the invention:
The present invention comprising of a current sensing device, the microcontroller chipset, battery system, signaling system, communication device, control box.
A microcontrolleras shown in fig is a small electronic device on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripheral. Microcontrollersare designed for embedded applications as they can be programmed to attain any results based on inputs and outputs. This is the brain of the invention as everything is connected to it. The microcontrollerreads the data collected by the current sensing device and makes sense of the magnitude, rate of change and direction of the current. Based on the settings made on the fault passage indicator, the

microcontroller raises the relevant flags / sends relevant signals. The microcontroller also collects data from the battery and gives relevant signals in case the battery is low.
A current sensing devicewhich senses the current value at every defined time interval. This data is then fed into the microcontroller chipset, which identifies the magnitude, rate of change and direction of current.
The current sensing device reads the magnitude and direction of the current at every defined time interval. This data is actively sent to the microcontroller.
The batteriesas shown in fig. (3)on the fault passage indicator are re-chargable. They are charged through the induced voltage created by the current flowing on the line. The battery has one output ( ) connected to the microcontrolleror figuring out low-voltage condition.
As shown in fig 1, Signaling systems comprising LEDs (5) and Flags (4 )are the visual signaling system of the invention. They get a signal from the microcontroller to turn ON/OFF. There are 3/4 LEDs on the fault passage indicator which start flashing based on input by microcontroller. The Flag has is run by a motor which gets turned on signal by the microcontroller.

A communication between the invention and the control box takes place over secured 802.11 / ZigBee / any other protocol either standardized or proprietary.The communication chipis connected to the microcontroller and acts as a medium of receiving and sending data to the control box.
A control box is a medium which allows communication from remote control rooms to the fault passage indicator. The control box as shown in fig 5, consisting of batteries (3), power module (4), microcontroller (5), local communication module and GSM/CDMA communication module. The box takes in power from either 110/220VAC supply or through a solar panel.
The control box facilitates sending and receiving of data between the fault passage indicator on the lines and the control room.
Working Process:
The figure (7) shows a typical distribution line setup where there is one substation feeding various T-points, branches etc. The red marks are the placement of the FPIs on this network.
In case the fault occurs between the Section 11 and 13, the fault will travel the path starting from 11, through 8, 7, 1 and finally to substation. In this case, Fault Passage Indicator number 1, 7, 8 and 11 will start to glow. The remote server will

also get the data from these FPIs and hence they will know the exact path traversed by the fault.
Now, the maintenance team can just go to the area between point 11 and 13 and fix the fault.
In another case, if the fault occurs beyond point no 23, then the path traversed by the fault will be 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 1 and then to the substation. Hence, the FPIs 1, 29, 27 25, 24 and 23 will glow and similar signal will be sent to the remote server room.

Claims:
We Claim,
1. A system for fault passage indicator comprising a current sensing devicewhich senses the current value at every defined time interval connected to microcontroller, a microcontroller for reading the data collected by the current sensing device and makes sense of the magnitude, rate of change and direction of the current, a battery systemconnected to the microcontrollerfor figuring out low-voltage condition, a signaling system, a communication chip, a control box facilitating sending and receiving of data between the fault passage indicator on the lines and the control room.
2. A system for fault passage indicator which is claimed in claim 1; wherein the said current sensing device reads the magnitude and direction of the current at every defined time interval.
3. A system for fault passage indicator which is claimed in claim 1; wherein the said microcontroller is a small electronic device on a single integrated circuit containing

a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.
4. A system for fault passage indicator which is claimed in claim 1; wherein the said signaling system consisting of LEDs and colourful flags.
5. A system for fault passage indicator which is claimed in claim 1; wherein the saidcommunication chipis connected to the microcontroller and acts as a medium of receiving and sending data to the control box.
6. A system for fault passage indicator which is claimed in claim 1; wherein the said control box consisting of batteries, power module, microcontroller, local communication moduleand GSM/CDMA communication module.
7. A system for full load break switch substantially as hereinbefore described with the reference of accompanying drawings.