Specification
Claims:We claim:
1. An API linepipe steel with a composition comprising:
Carbon (C) 0.04 to 0.07 wt.%;
Manganese (Mn) 1.6 to 1.8 wt.%;
Sulphur (S) 0.002 - 0.003 wt.%;
Phosphorus (P) 0.009 - 0.012 wt.%;
Silicon (Si) 0.2 - 0.25 wt.%;
Aluminum (Al) 0.03 - 0.045 wt.%;
Niobium (Nb) 0.04 to 0.07 wt.%;
Vanadium (V) 0.04 - 0.05 wt.%;
Chromium (Cr) 0.15 - 0.2 wt.%;
Nickel 0.1 - 0.12 wt%; and
Nitrogen (N) (ppm) 30 - 40 (all in wt. %).
2. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein Yield Stress (YS) of the API linepipe steel is in range 608-635 MPa.
3. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) of the API linepipe steel is in range 675-695 MPa.
4. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein total elongation (EL) of the API linepipe steel is in range 25 - 28%.
5. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein a uniform elongation of the API linepipe steel is in range 9 - 11%.
6. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein Yield ratio (Y/T) of the API linepipe steel is in range 0.84-0.86.
7. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein a hardness value of the API linepipe steel is in range 245 - 250 Hv.
8. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness value at zero-degree temperature (0°C) is in range 284-288 J in longitudinal direction, in range 240-276 J in transverse direction, and in range 254-262J in diagonal direction to rolling direction.
9. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness value at subzero temperature (-50°C) is in range 248-302 J in longitudinal direction, in range 256-290 J in transverse direction, and 230-240 J in diagonal to rolling direction.
10. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the API linepipe steel comprises a ? fiber crystallographic texture.
11. The API linepipe steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the API linepipe steel comprises ferrite microstructure in range 80-85% and Bainite microstructure in range 15-20%.
12. The steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein grain size is in the range 2.5-3.5 µm.
13. A method for manufacturing an API linepipe steel the method comprising:
- preparing a steel slab of API grade having a composition Carbon 0.04 to 0.07 wt.%, Manganese 1.6 to 1.8 wt.%, Sulphur 0.001 - 0.003 wt.%, Phosphorus 0.009 - 0.012 wt.%, Silicon 0.2-0.25 wt.%, Aluminum 0.03 - 0.045 wt.%, Niobium 0.04 to 0.07 wt.%, Vanadium 0.04 - 0.05 wt.%, Chromium 0.15 - 0.2 wt.%, Nickel 0.1 - 0.12 wt%; and Nitrogen(ppm) 30 - 40 (all in wt. %).
- reheating the prepared steel slab at 1200–1250°C into Hot Strip Mill (HSM);
- soaking (404) the steel slab;
- roughing (406) the steel slab in a roughing mill;
- finishing (408) the rolling of the steel slab into a steel sheet at a temperature 840-860°C, wherein the temperature is above Ar3 temperature of the steel sheet;
- cooling (410) the rolled steel sheet in Run Out Table (ROT) directly at rate 30-40°C/s; and
- coiling the steel sheet at temperature 500°C and 600°C.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the cooling (410) comprises:
holding (604) the steel sheet in the ROT at 680-700°C for 10-12 seconds;
cooling (606) to the steel sheet at rate of 30-50°C/s upto coiling temperature; and
coiling (608) the steel sheet at temperature 500°C and 600°C.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the soaking of the 100mm thick steel slab is done for 2 hrs.
, Description:LINEPIPE STEEL HAVING HIGH STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS AT LOW TEMPERATURE
FIELD OF INVENTION
[001] The present subject matter described herein, relates to development of a steel sheet/plate for high strength linepipe in Hot Strip Mill (HSM) route with linear chemistry. More particularly the invention relates to development of an ultra-high strength and highly excellent low temperature toughness weldable steel grade, applicable mainly for transportation of oil and gas through pipelines, where strain-based design is required.
BACKGROUND
[002] Due to the continual demand for energy fossil fuels are being extracted in more hostile and remote regions, both onshore and offshore. The design requirements of the pipelines transporting these hydrocarbons are quite challenging and such environments are prone to discontinuous permafrost, landslides or ground settlements and other unexpected environmental hazards. As a result, the loading conditions exerted on the pipelines are expected to be extreme and complex in nature. Pipelines may be subjected to displacements resulting in large deformations beyond the elastic range of steel. Therefore, not only the pipe hoop strength is necessary for pressure containment, the toughness is also very much crucial, and at the same time the axial straining capacity becomes equally important to counter the extra displacement and allow the pipelines to be subjected to plastic deformation without reaching the failure point.
[003] In such cases, the conventional pipeline design
[004] lacks the ability to account for the effects which occur during such displacement-controlled conditions. The traditional Allowable Stress Design (ASD) approach as shown in the Fig.1 limits the hoop stresses to a percentage of the hoop yield strength, resulting in a safety margin on strength. These traditional design guidelines do allow for a limited amount of axial straining as a single event which can occur during installation.
[005] A strain based design approach incorporates the effects of displacement controlled conditions as an in-service loading of the pipe. It considers a design strain level which is smaller than the strain level at which failure will occur, resulting in a safety margin on strain as shown in the Fig. 2. The environmental imposed strain demand is typically within the range of 1% to 3%. A strain based design approach focusses on stable and unstable failure modes and preventing the loss of serviceability or the loss of pressure containment.
[006] Two pipeline methods are well known a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and b) Strain Based Design (SBD). In the ASD method and referring to fig. 1, the Pipelines are designed using elastic theory. The design is performed keeping Strains<0.5% and stresses rotated cube component in line pipe steel. In the present work, the texture was determined using X-ray Diffraction technique for the rolled samples on mid-section of the rolling plane. These textures are represented in Fig. 7. The present steel comprises a ? fiber crystallographic texture. A references of texture representation is also given in this Fig 6. The ODF sections presented in this chart clearly depict that the mid-section has an excellent texture.
[0084] Experimental Analysis:
[0085] A steel sheet being prepared by preparing a steel slab of API grade steel with a composition of Carbon (C) 0.045 wt.%; Manganese (Mn) 1.68 wt.%; Sulphur (S) 0.003 wt.%; Phosphorus (P) 0.009 wt.%; Silicon (Si) 0.25 wt.%; Aluminum (Al) 0.042 wt.%; Niobium (Nb) 0.05 wt.%; Vanadium (V) 0.044 wt.%; Chromium (Cr) 0.2 wt.%; Nickel 0.1 wt%; and Nitrogen (N) (ppm) 37 (all in wt. %).
[0086] After preparing the steel slab, the steel slab was reheated at 1220°C into Hot Strip Mill (HSM).
[0087] After re-heating, the steel slab of the 100mm thick is soaked for 2 hrs. and transforming the steel slab into a steel sheet.
[0088] After converting the steel slab into steel sheet, finish rolled into a steel sheet at a temperature 850°C and cooled the rolled steel sheet in Run Out Table (ROT) directly at rate 40°C/s; and hold the steel sheet in the ROT at 700°C for 12 seconds and again cooling to coiling temperature at 40°C/s; and coiled at temperature 520°C and 600°C
[0089] The properties obtained were
[0090] Yield Stress (YS) 622 MPa.
[0091] Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) 695 MPa.
[0092] Total elongation of the steel is 28%.
[0093] Uniform elongation of the steel is 11%.
[0094] Yield ratio (Y/T) of the steel is 0.86.
[0095] The hardness value of the steel is 245-250 Hv.
[0096] Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness value at zero-degree temperature (0°C) is in range 286J in longitudinal direction, in 266J in transverse direction, and in 262J in diagonal direction to rolling direction.
[0097] The Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness value at subzero temperature (-50°C) 302J in longitudinal direction, 290J in transverse direction, and 240J in diagonal to rolling direction.
[0098] The obtained steel comprises a ? fiber crystallographic texture.
[0099] The obtained steel comprises ferrite 85% and Bainite 17% microstructure and grain size 3.5 µm.
[00100] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances, where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
[00101] It will be further appreciated that functions or structures of a plurality of components or steps may be combined into a single component or step, or the functions or structures of one-step or component may be split among plural steps or components. The present invention contemplates all of these combinations. Unless stated otherwise, dimensions and geometries of the various structures depicted herein are not intended to be restrictive of the invention, and other dimensions or geometries are possible. In addition, while a feature of the present invention may have been described in the context of only one of the illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of other embodiments, for any given application. It will also be appreciated from the above that the fabrication of the unique structures herein and the operation thereof also constitute methods in accordance with the present invention. The present invention also encompasses intermediate and end products resulting from the practice of the methods herein. The use of “comprising” or “including” also contemplates embodiments that “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the recited feature.
[00102] Although embodiments for the present subject matter have been described in language specific to structural features, it is to be understood that the present subject matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as embodiments for the present subject matter. Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system/component of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the scope of the present subject matter.