FORM - 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
LIQUID LAUNDRY DETERGENT WITH AN ALKOXYLATED ESTER SURFACTANT
HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed
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LIQUID LAUNDRY DETERGENT WITH AN ALKOXYLATED ESTER SURFACTANT
5
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to liquid aqueous laundry detergent compositions comprising alkoxylated carboxylic acid 10 ester surfactants in combination with free radical scavengers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Liquid laundry detergents are popular with the consumers. While 15 a variety of surfactants is available to manufacturers to .
formulate these, it is desirable to include alkoxylated ester surfactants, due to its better bio-degradability in comparison to alcohol-based alkoxylates. In addition, alkoxylated ester surfactants are derived from a renewable source - oil and fat. 20 Unfortunately, alkoxylated ester surfactants hydrolyse in the presence of water, and especially under alkaline conditions. The hydrolysis has a dual disadvantage of destroying the surfactant and introducing fatty acid, one of the degradation products, which is, essentially, oily soil. The hydrolysis of 25 acid esters occurs in an aqueous, high pH environment, and so may occur in the bottled compositions on storage (most laundry compositions are aqueous and have pH of 6-10) .
The following art describes compositions, in some instances 30 laundry compositions, that may include various, broadly ranging carboxylic acid esters and/or alkoxylated derivatives thereof: Koester et al. (U.S. Patent 6,384,009), Hees et al. (U.S. Patent 5,753,606), WO 01/10391, WO 96/23049, WO 94/13618, Miyajima et al. (U.S. Patent 6,417,146), JP 9078092, JP 35 9104895, JP 8157897, JP 8209193 and JP 3410880.
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Laundry compositions containing free radical scavengers are described in US 6448214.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 5
The present invention includes an aqueous liquid laundry detergent composition comprising:
(a) from about 5% to about 80%, by weight of the
composition, of a detergent surfactant, wherein
10 from about 1% to about 80%, by weight of the
composition is an alkoxylated carboxylic acid ester surfactant of formula (I):
wherein R1 is selected from linear or branched C6 to
15 C22 alkyl or alkylene groups;
R2 is selected from C2H4 or C3H6 groups;
R3 is selected from H, CH3 , C2H5 or C3H7 groups;
20 and n has a value between 1 and 20,
(b) a free radical scavenger;
(c) wherein the mole ratio of the ester to the free radical scavenger is from about 500:1 to about
25 20:1;
(d) a laundry detergent ingredient selected from the
group consisting of an enzyme, a fluorescing
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agent, a soil suspending agent, an anti-redeposition polymer and mixtures thereof; (e) from about 15% to about 90% of water.
5 The invention also includes an aqueous wash liquor resulting from the use of the composition in laundering fabrics, the wash liquor comprising the alkoxylated ester surfactant and the free radical scavenger.
10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction, 15 physical properties of materials and/or use are to be
understood as modified by the word "about"". All amounts are by weight of the liquid detergent composition, unless otherwise specified.
20 It should be noted that in specifying any range of
concentration, any particular upper concentration can be associated with any particular lower concentration.
For the avoidance of doubt the word "comprising" is used herein 2 5 in its ordinary meaning and is intended to mean "including" hut not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of". In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive.
"Liquid" as used herein means that a continuous phase or 30 predominant part of the composition is liquid and that a composition is flowable at 15°C and above {i.e., suspended solids may be included). Gels are included in the definition of liquid compositions as used herein.
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ALKOXYLATED CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS (also sometimes referred to herein as "alkoxylated esters") included in the present
o
II
R1-C-0-(R2-0)n-R3
invention have Formula (I) as follows: , 5 Where Ri is selected from linear or branched C6 to C22 alkyl or alkylene groups;
R2 are selected from C2H4 or C3H6 groups;
R3 are selected from H, CH3, C2HS or C3H7 groups,-and n has a value between 1 and 20.
10
Preferably, RI is selected from Ci2 to CiB,
R2 is C2H4,
R3 is selected from CH3 and C2HS/ and n is a value between 3 and
15, most preferably from 5 to 12.
15
The preferred compounds of formula (I) in the inventive
compositions are selected from alkoxylated derivatives derived
from coconut, palm, palm kernel, palm stearin, tallow, soybean
and rapeseed oil due to their availability.
20
Carboxylic acid esters are available commercially or may be
prepared by the alcoholysis of glycerides, preferrably from
natural oil or fat, and the esterification of carboxylic acid
with alcohol, e.g. methanol or ethanol, to form carboxylic acid
25 ester; the alkoxylated derivatives may be obtained by the
alkoxylation of carboxylic acid ester with alkylene oxide with
the presence of catalyst. Carboxylic acid esters are also
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widely available as "bio-diesel". Twin River Technologies provides various types of carboxylic acid esters. Huntsman provides various alkoxylated carboxylic methyl esters.
5 The amount of the alkoxylated derivative of ester employed in the inventive compositions is in the range of from 1% to 80%, preferably from 2% to 50%, most preferably from 3% to 20%, optimally from 4% to 15%, by weight of the composition. The concentration of alkoxylated esters in an aqueous wash liquor
10 preferably in the range of from 1 ppm to 1000 ppm.
i
Generally, the amount of the alkoxylated ester surfactant in the inventive compositions is substantially the same upon storage, due to the ability of the free radical scavenger to
15 preserve this surfactant. Preferably, the stability upon storage of the inventive compositions is that at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 90% of the originally formulated amount of the alkoxylated ester surfactant, is still present in the composition upon storage at
20 4 0°C for 3 months.
SURFACTANT
The overall amount of surfactant in the inventive compositions 25 is generally in the range of from 5 to 80%, preferably from 10 to 60%, most preferably from 15 to 30%. The alkoxylated ester of the present invention is a nonionic surfactant. Thus, the alkoxylated ester may be the sole surfactant in the composition, or may be co-present with other surfactants. 30 Preferably the alkoxylated ester surfactant is included in the inventive compositions in combination with anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactant, most preferably anionic surfactant.
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The preferred ratio of alkoxylated ester surfactant to the sum of other surfactants is between 5:1 to 1:5, and more preferably between 3:1 to 1:3.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that any surfactant 5 described below may be used in combination with any other surfactant or surfactants.
Anionic Surfactant Detergents
Anionic surface active agents which may be used in the present 10 invention are those surface active compounds which contain a long chain hydrocarbon hydrophobic group in their molecular structure and a hydrophilic group, i.e. water soluble group such as carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate group or their corresponding acid form. The anionic surface active agents 15 include the alkali metal (e.g. sodium and potassium) and
nitrogen based bases (e.g. mono-amines and polyamines) salts of water soluble higher alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and the alkyl polyether sulfates. They may also include fatty acid or fatty acid soaps. One of the preferred 20 groups of mono-anionic surface active agents are the alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine salts of higher alkyl aryl sulfonates and alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine salts of higher alkyl sulfates or the mono-anionic polyamine salts. Preferred higher alkyl sulfates are those in which the alkyl 25 groups contain 8 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms and more preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl group in the alkyl aryl sulfonate preferably contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and more preferably 10 to 15 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred alkyl aryl sulfonate is the sodium, 30 potassium or ethanolamine Cio to C16 benzene sulfonate, e.g. sodium linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The primary and secondary alkyl sulfates can be made by reacting long chain
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olefins with sulfites or bisulfites, e.g. sodium bisulfite. The alkyl sulfonates can also be made by reacting long chain normal paraffin hydrocarbons with sulfur dioxide and oxygen as describe in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,503,280, 2,507,088, 3,372,188 5 and 3,260,741 to obtain normal or secondary higher alkyl sulfates suitable for use as surfactant detergents.
The alkyl substituent is preferably linear, i.e. normal alkyl, however, branched chain alkyl sulfonates can be employed,
10 although they are not as good with respect to biodegradability. The alkane, i.e. alkyl, substituent may be terminally sulfonated or may be joined, for example, to the 2-carbon atom of the chain, i.e. may be a secondary sulfonate- It is understood in the art that the substituent may be joined to any
15 carbon on the alkyl chain. The higher alkyl sulfonates "can be used as the alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium. The preferred salts are the sodium salts. The preferred alkyl sulfonates are the Ci0 to C18 primary normal alkyl sodium and potassium sulfonates, with the Ci0 to Cis primary normal alkyl 20 sulfonate salt being more preferred.
Mixtures of higher alkyl benzene sulfonates and higher alkyl sulfates can be used as well as mixtures of higher alkyl benzene sulfonates and higher alkyl polyether sulfates.
25
The higher alkyl polyethoxy sulfates used in accordance with the present invention can be normal or branched chain alkyl and contain lower alkoxy groups which can contain two or three carbon atoms. The normal higher alkyl polyether sulfates are
30 preferred in that they have a higher degree of biodegradability than the branched chain alkyl and the lower poly alkoxy groups are preferably ethoxy groups.
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The preferred higher alkyl polyethoxy sulfates used in accordance with the present invention are represented by the formula:
5 R1 - O (CH2CH20) p - S03M,
where R1 is C8 to C2o alkyl, preferably C10 to C18 and more preferably Ci2 to C15; p is 1 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, and more preferably 2 to 4; and M is an alkali metal, such as sodium and 10 potassium, an ammonium cation or polyamine. The sodium and potassium salts, and polyaimines are preferred.
A preferred higher alkyl poly ethoxylated sulfate is the sodium salt of a triethoxy Ci2 to C15 alcohol sulfate having the 15 .formula:
C12-15-O- (CH2CH20)3-S03Na
Examples of suitable alkyl ethoxy sulfates that can be used in 20 accordance with the present invention are C12-15 normal or
primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; n-decyl diethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; C12 primary alkyl diethoxy sulfate, ammonium salt; Ci2 primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; C15 primary alkyl tetraethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; mixed C14-15 25 normal primary alkyl mixed tri- and tetraethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; stearyl pentaethoxy sulfate, sodium salt; and mixed C10-18 normal primary alkyl triethoxy sulfate, potassium salt.
The normal alkyl ethoxy sulfates are readily biodegradable and 30 are preferred. The alkyl poly-lower alkoxy sulfates can be used in mixtures with each other and/or in mixtures with the above discussed higher alkyl benzene, sulfonates, or alkyl sulfates.
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The anionic surfactant is present in an amount of from 0 to 70%, preferably at least 5%, generally from 5 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 20%.
5 Additional Nonionic Surfactant
Nonionic surfactants in addition to the alkoxylated ester
surfactants may be included.
As is well known, the nonionic surfactants are characterized by
,10 the presence of a hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound with ethylene oxide (hydrophilic in nature). Typical suitable nonionic surfactants are those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
15 4,316,812 and 3,630,929, incorporated by reference herein.
Usually, the nonionic surfactants are polyalkoxylated lipophiles wherein the desired hydrophile-lipophile balance is obtained from addition of a hydrophilic poly-alkoxy group to a
20 lipophilic moiety. A preferred class of nonionic detergent is the alkoxylated alkanols wherein the alkanol is of 9 to 20 carbon atoms and wherein the number of moles of alkylene oxide (of 2 or 3 carbon atoms) is from 3 to 20. Of such materials it is preferred to employ those wherein the alkanol is a fatty
25 alcohol of 9 to 11 or 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain from 5 to 9 or 5 to 12 alkoxy groups per mole. Also preferred is paraffin - based alcohol (e.g. nonionics from Huntsman or Sassol).
30 Exemplary of such compounds are those wherein the alkanol is of 10 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain about 5 to 12 ethylene oxide groups per mole, e.g. Neodol 25-9 and Neodol 23-6.5,
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which products are made by Shell Chemical Company, Inc. The former is a condensation product of a mixture of higher fatty alcohols averaging about 12 to 15 carbon atoms, wit about 9 moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a corresponding 5 mixture wherein the carbon atoms content of the higher fatty alcohol is 12 to 13 and the number of ethylene oxide groups present averages about 6.5. The higher alcohols are primary alkanols.
10 Another subclass of alkoxylated surfactants which can be used contain a precise alkyl chain length rather than an alkyl chain distribution of the alkoxylated surfactants described above. Typically, these are referred to as narrow range alkoxylates. Examples of these include the Neodol-1(R> series of surfactants
15 manufactured by Shell Chemical Company.
Other useful nonionics are represented by the commercially well known class of nonionics sold under the trademark Plurafac by BASF. The Plurafacs are the reaction products of a higher
20 linear alcohol and a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides, containing a mixed chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, terminated by a hydroxyl group. Examples include Ci3-Ci5 fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles propylene oxide, C13-Ci5 fatty alcohol condensed with 7 moles
25 propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide, Ci3-C15 fatty
alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide or mixtures of any of the above.
Another group of liquid nonionics are commercially available 30 from Shell Chemical Company, Inc. under the Dobanol or Neodol trademark: Dobanol 91-5 is an ethoxylated C9-C11 fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide and Dobanol 25-7 is
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an ethoxylated Ci2-Cls fatty alcohol with an average of 7 moles
ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
In the compositions of this invention, preferred nonionic 5 surfactants include the Ci2-C15 primary fatty alcohols with relatively narrow contents of ethylene oxide in the range of from about 6 to 9 moles, and the C9 to Cn fatty alcohols ethoxylated with about 5-6 moles ethylene oxide.
10 Another class of nonionic surfactants which can be used in accordance with this invention are glycoside surfactants. Glycoside surfactants suitable for use in accordance with the present invention include those of the formula:
15 RO- (R20)y- (2)x
wherein R is a monovalent organic radical containing from about 6 to about 30 {preferably from about 8 to about 18) carbon atoms; R2 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from
20 about 2 to 4 carbons atoms; O is an oxygen atom; y is a number which can have an average value of from 0 to about 12 but which is most preferably zero; Z is a moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and x is a number having an average value of from 1 to about 10 {preferably from
25 about 1 1/2 to about 10).
A particularly preferred group of glycoside surfactants for use in the practice of this invention includes those of the formula above in which R is a monovalent organic radical {linear or 30 branched) containing from about 6 to about 18 (especially from about 8 to about 18) carbon atoms; y is zero; z is glucose or a moiety derived therefrom; x is a number having an average value of from 1 to about 4 (preferably from about 1 1/2 to 4).
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Nonionic surfactants which may be used include polyhydroxy amides as discussed in U.S. Patent No. 5,312,954 to Letton et al. and aldobionamides such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5 5,389,279 to Au et al., both of which are hereby incorporated by reference into the subject application.
Mixtures of two or more of the nonionic surfactants can be used.
10
Generally, nonionics {other than alkoxylated esters required by the present invention) would comprise 0-75%, preferably 2 to 50%, more preferably 0 to 15%, most preferably 0 to 10%. The level of nonionic surfactant may be lowered compared to the
15 typical compositions, due to the unexpected advantage of the esters/alkoxylated derivatives in the iriventive compositions contribution to the oily soil removal.
Preferred inventive compositions comprise both anionic and 20 nonionc surfactants, typically in a weight ratio of from 1:4 to 4:1.
Cationic Surfactants
Many cationic surfactants are known in the art, and almost any 25 cationic surfactant having at least one long chain alkyl group of about 10 to 24 carbon atoms is suitable in the present invention. Such compounds are described in "Cationic Surfactants", Jungermann, 1970, incorporated by reference.
30 Specific cationic surfactants which can be used as surfactants in the subject invention are described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,497,718, hereby incorporated by reference.
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As with the nonionic and anionic surfactants, the compositions of the invention may use cationic surfactants alone or in combination with any of the other surfactants known in the art. 5 Of course, the compositions may contain no cationic surfactants at all.
Amphoteric Surfactants
10 Ampholytic synthetic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18
15 carbon atoms and at least one contains an anionic water-soluble group, e.g. carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-(dodecylamino)propionate, sodium 3- (dodecylamino) propane-1-sulfonate, sodium 2-(dodecylamino)ethyl sulfate,
20 sodium 2 - (dimethylamino) octadecanoate, disodium
3- (N-carboxymethyldodecylamino)propane 1-sulfonate, disodium octadecyl - imminodiacetate, sodium 1 -carboxymethyl - 2 -undecylimidazole, and sodium N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-sulfato-3- dodecoxypropylamine. Sodium 3- (dodecylamino) 25 propane-1-sulfonate is preferred.
Zwitterionic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of 30 quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. The cationic atom in the quaternary compound can be part of a heterocyclic ring. In all of these compounds there is at least one aliphatic group, straight chain
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or branched, containing from about 3 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent containing an anionic water-soluble group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. 5
Specific examples of zwitterionic surfactants which may be used are set forth in U.S. Patent No. 4,062,647, hereby incorporated by reference.
10 FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER
Suitable radical scavengers for use herein include the well-known substituted mono and dihydroxy benzenes and their analogs, alkyl and aryl carboxylates and mixtures thereof.
15 Preferred such radical scavengers for use herein include di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), hydroquinone, di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, mono-tert-butyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl-hydroxy anisole (BHA) , benzoic acid, toluic acid, catechol, t-butyl catechol, benzylamine, 1,1, 3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-
20 butylphenyl) butane, n-propyl-gallate or mixtures thereof and highly preferred is di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene.
» The amounts of free radical scavenger in the inventive
compositions are important. If too low an amount is employed,
25 relative to the amount of the alkoxylated ester, then of course
the hydrolysis of the ester still occurs. If too high an amount
is included, relative to the amount of the alkoxylated ester,
then the free radical scavenger is oxidised; the presence of
substantial amounts of greater than 0.2% of free radical
30 scavenger in a composition results in yellowing of the
composition, due to increased amounts of oxidised free radical
scavenger. According to the present invention, the mole ratio
of the alkoxylated ester to the free radical scavenger is in
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the range from 500*. 1 to 20:1, preferably from 250:1 to 30:1, most preferably from 200:1 to 50:1.
Generally, the amount of free radical scavenger in the 5 inventive composition is at most 0.2%, preferably at most 0.1%, most preferably at most 0.05%, in order to optimise preservation of the alkoxylated ester surfactant, while avoiding the yellowing of the composition. During the wash, the aqueous laundry wash liquor preferably contains from about from 10 about 0.01 ppm to about 12 ppm of free radical scavenger in order to ensure the protection of ester surfactants.
OXIDISED FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER
15 Oxidized free radical scavenger produces off-color, e.g.
yellowing of the inventive composition. The most common free radical scavenger has a pheno structure, e.g. B.H.T. After oxidation, the pheno type if structure is oxidized and converted in a quinone type of structure—generally, quinones
20 cause the yellowing of the composition.
The generation of oxidized free radical scavenger also means that the scavenging capacity of free radical is reduced. Because free radical scavengers will be naturally oxidized even 25 without the presence of free radicals, the amount of oxidised free radical scavenger in a composition is limited to at most 0.2%, preferably at most 0.1%, most preferably at most 0.05 %.
The inventive composition preferably have colour stability 30 (they remain clear, without yellowing) of at least 1 month, preferably at least 3 months on storage at 4 0°C.
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WATER
The inventive compositions are aqueous. The inventive 5 compositions comprise generally from 15% to 90%, preferably from 30% to 80%, most preferably, to achieve optimum cost and ease of manufacturing, from 50% to 70% of water. Other liquid components, such as solvents, surfactants, liquid organic matters including organic bases, and their mixtures can be co-10 present.
Solvents that may be present include but are not limited to alcohols, surfactant, fatty alcohol ethoxylated sulfate or surfactant mixes, alkanol amine, polyamine, other polar or non-15 polar solvents, and mixtures thereof.
PH
The pH of the inventive compositions is generally in the range 20. of from 6 to 9.5, preferably of 6.5 to 9 and most preferably of 7 to 8.5. Surprisingly, even at this alkaline pH and even in the presence of substantial amounts of water, the alkoxylated ester nonionic surfctant does not substantially degrade in the inventive compositions, by virtue of the inclusion of the free 25 radical scavenger.
Additional Laundry Ingredients
The inventive compositions may include additional carboxylic 30 acid esters and/or alkoxylated derivatives thereof, in addition to alkoxylated esters already included in the present invention.
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The inventive compositions include an additional laundry ingredient selected from the group consisting of enzyme, fluorescent agent, soil release polymer, anti-redeposition polymer and mixtures thereof. These are described in greater 5 detail below. Additional laundry ingredients described below are optional.
Builders/Electrolytes
Builders which can be used according to this invention include 10 conventional alkaline detergency builders, inorganic or organic, which should be used at levels from about 0.1% to about 20.0% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight, more preferably 2% to 5% by weight.
15 As electrolyte may be used any water-soluble salt. Electrolyte may also be a detergency builder, such as the inorganic builder sodium tripolyphosphate, or it may be a non-functional electrolyte such as sodium sulphate or chloride. Preferably the inorganic builder comprises all or part of the electrolyte.
20 That is the term electrolyte encompasses both builders and salts.
Examples of suitable inorganic alkaline detergency builders which may be used are water-soluble alkalimetal phosphates, 25 polyphosphates, borates, silicates and also carbonates. Specific examples of such salts are sodium and potassium triphosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, hexametaphosphates, tetraborates, silicates and carbonates.
30 Examples of suitable organic alkaline detergency builder salts are: (1) water-soluble amino polycarboxylates, e.g., odium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates, nitrilotriacetatesand
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N-(2 hydroxyethyl)- nitrilodiacetates; (2) water-soluble salts of phytic acid, e.g., sodium and potassium phytates (see U.S. Patent No. 2,379,942); (3) water-soluble polyphosphonates, including specifically, sodium, potassium and lithium salts of 5 ethane-l-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; sodium, potassium and lithium salts of methylene diphosphonic acid; sodium, potassium and lithium salts of ethylene diphosphonic acid; and sodium, potassium and lithium salts of ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid. Other examples include the alkali metal salts of 10 ethane-2-carboxy-l, 1-diphosphonic acid
hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid, carboxyldiphosphonic acid, ethane- 1- hydroxy- 1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, ethane-2 -hydroxy-1,1, 2-triphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,3, 3-tetraphosphonic acid, propane-1,1,2,3-tetraphosphonic 15 acid, and propane-1,2,2,3-tetraphosphonic acid; (4)
water-soluble salts of polycarboxylate polymers and copolymers as described in U.S. Patent No 3,308,067.
In addition, polycarboxylate builders can be used 20 satisfactorily, including water-soluble salts of mellitic acid, citric acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, imino disuccinate, salts of polymers of itaconic acid and maleic acid, tartrate monosuccinate, tartrate disuccinate and mixtures thereof. 25
Sodium citrate is particularly preferred, to optimize the function vs. cost, in an amount of from 0 to 15%, preferably from 1 to 10%.
30 Certain zeolites or aluminosilicates can be used. One such aluminosilicate which is useful in the compositions of the invention is an amorphous water-insoluble hydrated compound of the formula (NaAl02) X- (Si02) yr wherein x is a number from 1.0
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to 1.2 and y is 1, said amorphous material being further characterized by a Mg++ exchange capacity of from about 50 mg eq. CaCCb/g. and a particle diameter of from about 0.01 micron to about 5 microns. This ion exchange builder is more fully 5 described in British Pat. No. 1,470,250.
A second water-insoluble synthetic aluminosilicate ion exchange material useful herein is crystalline in nature and has the formula Naz [