Specification
LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY
Technical Field
[00011
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery.
Background Art
[00021
A lithium secondary battery is characterized in that it is small and has
a large capacity, and has been widely used as a power source for electronic
device such as cellular phone and notebook computer, and has contributed to
the improvement in the convenience of portable IT devices. In recent years,
attention is also focused on the use of a lithium secondary battery for
applications where the battery is larger, including a power source to drive a
two-wheeled vehicle, an automobile, or the like, and a storage battery for
smart grid.
I00031
For a lithium secondary battery, high safety in a wide range of
temperature conditions is required in addition to further improvement in
energy density and lifetime property wherein the battery can endure long
term use. Accordingly, studies have been widely conducted on various
materials and additives with respect t o the composition of the electrolyte
solution, which has a great influence on the long-term cycle and the safety.
[00041
In general, a carbonate-based non-aqueous solvent is used for an
electrolyte solution in a lithium secondary battery. That is because the
carbonate-based solvent has excellent electrochemical resistance and is
inexpensive in terms of cost. As an electrolyte solution of a carbonate-based
solvent, a mixed electrolyte solution containing a cyclic carbonate such as
ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) and a chain carbonate
such as diethyl carbonate (DEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is usually
used. The cyclic carbonate has a high dielectric constant, and therefore has
a function of dissolvingldissociating a lithium salt such as LiPFe. The chain
carbonate has a low viscosity, and therefore has a function of improving the
diffusibility of lithium ion in the electrolyte solution.
roo051
Because the carbonate-based solvents have low flash points and high
combustibility, however, there is a risk of ignitionlexplosion caused by
overcharge or overheating. The danger is greater in the case of ignition or
explosion as the battery is larger, and therefore the improvement in safety is
an important problem for a large-sized battery, in particular. In addition,
during long-term cycle or under high-temperature conditions, the
decomposition of the solvent of the electrolyte solution, as well as the
deterioration of electrodes, may occur, resulting in the reduction in the
capacity, the generation of gas, and the like. The problems tend to be
recognized markedly in a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive
electrode for high voltage which comprises a spinel compound such as
LiNi0.5Mn1.604 as a positive electrode active material, in particular, the
battery attracting attention as to higher energy density in recent years.
[00061
As a method for solving the problems, Patent Literatures 1 to 2 disclose
that an electrolyte solution containing a solvent which contains a fluorinated
phosphate, and an electrolyte (LiPF6, and the like) is used. The fluorinated
phosphate has a self-extinguishing function, and the electrolyte solution to
which the fluorinated phosphate is added is expected to be a flame-retardant
electrolyte solution. Additionally, Patent Literature I discloses that the
battery performance may be enhanced by changing the solvent to a mixed
solvent of a fluorinated phosphate, and a chain ester andlor a cyclic ester.
Patent Literature 2 discloses that it is further preferred that a cyclic
carbonate and a chain carbonate are mixed into the solvent as the solvent of
the electrolyte solution.
[00071
In addition, Patent Literature 3 discloses that charge and discharge
properties of the battery is improved by adding a vinylene carbonate
compound andlor a vinyl ethylene carbonate compound to a phosphate-based
electrolyte solution.
[00081
Patent Literature 4 discloses that when a fluorinated phosphate and a
specific fluorine-containing solvent such as a fluorinated ether are mixed and
used, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution exhibits high flame-retardant
properties, and has high electrolyte-dissolving properties, and exhibits good
ionic conductivity.
[00091
Meanwhile, Patent Literature 5 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte
solution secondary battery comprising an electrolyte solution which contains
a polymeric phosphate having two or more phosphate groups in the molecule,
together with a chain phosphate such as trimethyl phosphate, and teaches
that the secondary battery has good load properties and high safety. The
polymeric phosphate is used herein as an additive solvent to form a film
having high lithium ion permeability on the surface of the negative electrode
and thereby improve the load properties.
Citation List
Patent Literature
~00101
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 3821495
Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-021560
Patent Literature 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-203597
Patent Literature 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-094491
Patent Literature 5: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H11-273731
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[00111
I t has been known that an electrolyte solution containing a fluorinated
phosphate is flame-retardant and has a high resistance to oxidation.
However, when a positive electrode active material which operates at a high
electric potential is used, sometimes the decomposition reaction of the
electrolyte solution occurs at a contact part of the positive electrode and the
electrolyte solution, and then the product of the decomposition at the positive
electrode is reduced at the negative electrode, which causes the problems
such as the generation of gas and the deterioration in charge and discharge
cycle characteristic. In a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive
electrode active material which exhibits a high electric potential of 4.5 V or
more, in particular, the decomposition of the electrolyte solution readily
occurs at the positive electrode, and therefore the further improvement in
cycle characteristic at a high temperature of 45°C or more, for example, is
desired.
[0012l
The object of one embodiment of the invention is to provide a nonaqueous
secondary battery wherein the decomposition of the electrolyte
solution is effectively suppressed even under high-voltage and hightemperature
conditions, and therefore the battery has excellent long-term
cycle characteristic.
Solution to Problem
[00131
An embodiment of the invention relates to a lithium secondary battery
comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous
electrolyte solution, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a
phosphate polymer represented by the following formula (1) and a
fluorinated phosphate represented by the following formula (2).
[00141
wherein RI to R5 each independently represents aliphatic hydrocarbon group
or fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the group may have a
substituent, and n represents an integer of 1 or more, with the proviso that
when n is 2 or more, two or more Rl(s) may be the same as, or different from
each other and two or more R4(s) may be the same as, or different from each
other.
[00151
wherein RG to Rg each independently represents aliphatic hydrocarbon group
or fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the group may have a
substituent, with the proviso that at least one of RG to Rg is fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0016]
According to the embodiment of the invention, there may be provided a
non-aqueous secondary battery wherein the decomposition of the electrolyte
solution is effectively suppressed even under high-voltage and hightemperature
conditions, and therefore the battery has excellent long-term
cycle characteristic.
Brief Description of Drawing
[00171
Figure 1 is a sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the lithium
secondary battery of the present invention.
Description of Embodiments
[00181
The secondary battery of the embodiment comprises a positive
electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution,
wherein the electrolyte solution contains a phosphate polymer represented by
the formula (1) and a fluorinated phosphate represented by the formula (2).
[00191
When the fluorinated phosphate is used as a solvent of an electrolyte
solution, the fluorinated phosphate is reduced and decomposes on a surface
of a carbon negative electrode, and the charge and discharge properties as
the battery is remarkably decreased, although the fluorinated phosphate is a
solvent having a high resistance to oxidation. I t has been demonstrated
that the reductive decomposition on the negative electrode may be
suppressed when the fluorinated phosphate is mixed with a carbonate-based
solvent,, and yet the decomposition cannot be completely suppressed and
when a positive electrode which operates at a high electric potential is used,
in particular, sometimes the decomposition product formed on the positive
electrode is further reduced on the negative electrode and a problem of
generating a large amount of gas arises. When the phosphate polymer
represented by the formula (1) is added to an electrolyte solution containing
the fluorinated phosphate, the gas generation caused by the reductive
decomposition on the negative electrode of the product of the decomposition
of the electrolyte solution, which is formed on the positive electrode, may be
suppressed, and thereby the cycle characteristic under high temperature and
high voltage may be improved. According to the embodiment, in cycles
under high temperature and high voltage, in particular, the reduction in the
capacity may be remedied and the gas generation may be suppressed
[00201
An example of the secondary battery of the present invention will be
described below with respect to each component.
[00211
[Electrolyte Solution]
The electrolyte solution of the embodiment contains a lithium salt and
a non-aqueous solvent, and the non-aqueous solvent contains a phosphate
polymer represented by the formula (1) and a fluorinated phosphate
represented by the formula (2).
100221
In the phosphate polymer represented by the formula ( I ) , n is
preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, more preferably 1 or 2, and n is
particularly preferably 1. In other words, a phosphate dimer represented by
the following formula (1-1) is preferred as the phosphate polymer
represented by the formula (1).
[00231
wherein RI to R5 each independently represents aliphatic hydrocarbon group
or fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the group may have a
substituent.
LO0241
In the phosphate polymer represented by the formula ( I ) , preferably
the phosphate dimer represented by the formula (1-l), RI to R5 each
independently represents aliphatic hydrocarbon group or fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the group may have a substituent.
The fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
group having at least one fluorine atom (that i s , at least one hydrogen atom
is replaced with fluorine atom).
[00251
The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The
fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may also be a saturated fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group. Additionally, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be
linear or branched. The fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may also
be linear or branched.
[00261
I t is preferred that each of RI to Rs, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or
the fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a saturated linear or branched
aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a saturated linear or branched fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group. In other words, it is preferred that RI is a
linear or branched alkylene or fluorinated alkylene group, and it is preferred
that each of R2 to R5 is a linear or branched alkyl or fluorinated alkyl group.
The fluorinated alkylene group is an alkylene group having at least one
fluorine atom (that is, at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with fluorine
atom), and the fluorinated alkyl group is an alkyl group having at least one
fluorine atom (that is, at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with fluorine
atom).
LO0271
In addition, the number of carbon atoms in RI, the aliphatic
hydrocarbon group or the fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, is
preferably 1 or Inore and 6 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 4 or less,
particularly preferably 1 or 2. The number of carbon atoms in each of Rz to
R5, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
group, each independently is preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, more
preferably 1 or 2.
[00281
It is particularly preferred that RI is a linear or branched alkylene
group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 or more and 6 or less, more
preferably I or more and 4 or less, particularly preferably 1 or 2, or a linear
or branched fluorinated alkylene group having a number of carbon atoms of 1
or more and 6 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, particularly
preferably 1 or 2. It is particularly preferred that each of Rz to R5 is a linear
or branched alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 or more and 4
or less, more preferably 1 or 2, or a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl
group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 or more and 4 or less, more
preferably 1 or 2.
[00291
Specific and preferred examples of the Ri include -CHz-, -CFz-,
-CH2CHz-,- CFzCFz-, -CHzCHzCHz-, -CFzCFzCFz-, -CHzCI'z CHz-,
-CH2CHzCHzCHz-, -CFzCFzCFzCFz-, -CHzCFzCFzCHz-, -CHzCFzCFzCFzCHz-,
-CFzCHzCHzCHzCHzCFz-, and -CHzCHzCFzCFzCHzCHz-.
[00301
Specific and preferred examples of the Rz to R5 include -CH3, -CF3,
-CF2H, -CHzF, .CHzCH3, -CHzCF3, -CHzCFzH, -CFzCH3, -CFzCFzH, -CFzCF3,
-CHZCH~CH-C~H, zCHzCF3, -CHzCFzCF3, -CFzCFzCF3, -CHzCFzCFzH,
-CFzCFzCFzH, -CFzCFzCH3, -CHzCHzCHzCH3, -CHzCHzCHzCF3,
-CFZCF~CFZC-FC~F,z CFzCFzCH3, -CFzCFzCFzCFzH, -CHzCFzCFzCFzH, and
-CHzCFzCFzCF3.
[00311
It is preferred that at least one of Rz to R5 is a fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, preferably a fluorinated alkyl group, and it is more
preferred that two or more of Rz to R5 are fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
groups, preferably fluorinated alkyl groups.
LO0321
In addition, it is preferred that at least one of, preferably two or more
of R2 to R5 is a fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group in which 50% or more,
more preferably 60% or more, of hydrogen atoms contained in the
corresponding unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group are replaced with
fluorine atom(s). When the content of fluorine atom is high, the withstand
voltage property may be further improved, and the deterioration in the
capacity of the battery after the cycles may be reduced more effectively even
in the case where a positive electrode active material which operates at a
high electric potential is used.
too331
Although it is preferred that each of RI to R5 is an unsubstituted
aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, more preferably an unsubstituted saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted saturated fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, R1 to Rg may have a substituent in addition to fluorine
atom. Examples of the substituent include at least one selected from the
group consisting of amino group, carboxy group, hydroxy group, cyano group,
and halogen atoins (for example, chlorine atom, and bromine atom). In
addition, the number of carbon atoms is the value including the
substituent(s).
LO0341
Specific examples of the phosphate polymer represented by the formula
(1) include compounds represented by the following formulas.
(CF~O)P(O)(OCF~)(OCH20)P(O)(OCF~)(OCF~~,
(CF~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CF~)(~CH~CHZ~)P(O)(OCH~CF~(OCH~CF~),
(CF~CH~O)P(O)(OCHZCF~)(OCH~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CF~)(OCH~),
(CH~~)P(O)(OCHZCF~)(OCH~CHZ~)P(O)(OCHZCF~)(~CH~~,
(CF~CHZ~)P(O)(OCH~CH~~(OCH~CH~~C)HP2(CHO)3)((OO C H2CFd,
(CH~CHZ~)P(O)(OCHZCH~)(~CH~CHZ~)P(O)(OCHZCH~)(OCHZCH~),
(CF~CF~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CFZCF~)(~CHZCF~CH~~)P(O)(OCHZCF~)(OCH~
(CH~~)P(O)(OCH~)(OCH~CFZCFZCHZ~)P(O)(OCH~)(OCH~),
(CF~HCF~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CF~CF~H)(OCH~CF~CF~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~H ) ( O C H ~ C F ~ C F ~ H ) ,
(CH~CH~O)P(O)(OCH~CH~)(OCF~CH~CH~CH~CH~CF~O)P(O)(OCH~CH~)(OCH
2CH3),
(CH~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CH~)(~CH~CH~CF~CF~CH~CH~~)P(O)(OCH~CH~)(~2CH3), and
(CF~CHZ~)P(O)(OCH~CF~)(~CHZCHZ~)P(O)(OCHZCF~)(OCH~CH~~)P(O)(OC
HzCF3)(0CHzCF3)
[00351
The phosphate polymer represented by the formula (1) may be obtained
by, for example, esterifying phosphorus oxychloride and a polyhydric alcohol
having a target structure under cooling with ice. And then, the residual
oxychloride group may be removed as necessary by adding a monohydric
alcohol to the reaction mixture and esterifying the oxychloride group.
lo0361
The content of the phosphate polymer represented by the formula (1) in
the whole solvent may be preferably, but not limited to, 0.1 to 15 vol%, more
preferably 0.1 to 7 vol%, further more preferably 0.5 to 5 ~01%. When the
content of the phosphate polymer represented by the formula (1) in the whole
solvent is 0.1 vol% or more, the decomposition of the electrolyte solution is
more suppressed and a good long-term cycle characteristic may be achieved.
In addition, when the content of the phosphate polymer represented by the
formula (1) in the whole solvent is 15 vol% or less, the increase in the
viscosity of the electrolyte solution may be suppressed.
[00371
In addition, the phosphate polynler represented by the formula (1) may
be used singly or in combination of two or more.
Lo0381
In the fluorinated phosphate represented by the formula (21, RG to Rs
each independently represents aliphatic hydrocarbon group or fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the group may have a substituent, with
the proviso that at least one of RG to Rs is fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
group.
[00391
The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The
fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may also be a saturated fluorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group. Additionally, the aliphatic liydrocarbon group may be
linear or branched. The fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may also
be linear or branched.
[00401
It is preferred that each of RG to Rs, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or
the fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a saturated linear or branched
aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a saturated linear or branched fluorinated
aliphatiic hydrocarbon group. In other words, it is preferred that each of RG
to Rs is a linear or branched alkyl or fluorinated alkyl group, and it is
preferred that at least one of RG to Rs is a fluorinated alkyl group.
[00411
In addition, the number of carbon atoms in each of RG to Ra, the
aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group
(preferably alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group), each independently is
preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
When the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the
fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 4 or less, the increase in the
viscosity of the electrolyte solution may be suppressed and the electrolyte
solution may penetrate more readily into micropores in the electrodes and
the separator, and the ionic conductivity may be enhanced and the current
value may be better in the charge and discharge properties of the battery.
LO0421
It is particularly preferred that each of RG to RS is a linear or branched
alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 or more and 4 or less, more
preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, or a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl
group having a number of carbon atoms of 1 or more and 4 or less, more
preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
100431
As described above, at least one of RG to Rs is a fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, preferably a fluorinated alkyl group, and it is preferred
that all of RG to Rs are fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, preferably
fluorinated alkyl groups.
LO0441
In addition, it is preferred that at least one of, preferably all of RF to Rs
is a fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon group in which 50% or more, more
preferably 55% or more, of hydrogen atoms contained in the corresponding
unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group are replaced with fluorine atom(s).
When the content of fluorine atom is high, the withstand voltage property
nlay be further improved, and the deterioration in the capacity of the battery
after the cycles may be more reduced even in the case where a positive
electrode active material which operates at a high electric potential is used.
[00451
Although it is preferred that each of RG to Rs is an unsubstituted
aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, more preferably an unsubstituted saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group or an unsubstituted saturated fluorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbon group, RG to Rs may have a substituent in addition to fluorine
atom. Examples of the substituent include at least one selected from the
group consisting of amino group, carboxy group, hydroxy group, cyano group,
and halogen atoms (for example, chlorine atom, and bromine atom). In
addition, the number of carbon atoms is the value including the
substituent(s).
LO0461
Examples of the fluorine-containing phosphate include 2,2,2-
trifluoroethyldimethyl phosphate, bis(trifluoroethy1)methyl phosphate,
bis(trifluoroethyl)ethyl phosphate, tris(trifluoromethy1) phosphate,
pentafluoropropyldimetliyl phosphate, heptafluorobutyldi~nethypl hosphate,
trifluoroethyltnethylethyl phosphate, pentafluoropropylmethylethyl
phosphate, heptafluorobutylmethylethyl phosphate,
trifluoroethylmetliylpropyl phosphate, pentafluoropropylmethylpropyl
phosphate, heptafluorobutylmethylpropyl phosphate,
trifluoroethylmethylbutyl phosphate, pentafluoropropylmethylbutyl
phosphate, heptafluorobutylmethylbutyl phosphate, trifluoroethyldiethyl
phosphate, pentafluoropropyldiethyl phosphate, heptafluorobutyldiethyl
phosphate, trifluoroethylethylpropyl phosphate,
pentafluoropropylethylpropyl phosphate, heptafluorobutylethylpropyl
phosphate, trifluoroethylethylbutyl phosphate, pentafluoropropylethylbutyl
phosphate, heptafluorobutylethylbutyl phosphate, trifluoroethyldipropyl
phosphate, pentafluoropropyldipropyl phosphate, heptafluorobutyldipropyl
phosphate, trifluoroethylpropylbutyl phosphate,
pentafluoropropylpropylbutyl phosphate, heptafluorobutylpropylbutyl
phosphate, trifluoroethyldibutyl phosphate, pentafluoropropyldibutyl
phosphate, heptafluorobutyldibutyl phosphate, tris(2,2,3,3-tetrafluor~prop~l)
phosphate, tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)p hosphate, and tris(2,2,2-
trifluoroethyl) phosphate (hereinafter, also abbreviated as PTTFE). Among
them, t,ris(2,2,2-trifl~o~oethyplh) osphate (PTTFE), which is represented by
the following formula (41, is preferred because the effect of suppressing the
decomposition of the electrolyte solution at a high electric potential is high.
[00471
The content of the fluorinated phosphate represented by the formula
(2) in the whole solvent may be preferably, but not limited to, 5 to 70 ~01%.
[00491
In addition, the fluorinated phosphate represented by the formula (2)
may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
[0050l
It is preferred that the electrolyte solution of the embodiment further
contains a fluorinated ether represented by the following formula (3) as the
solvent.
[00511
wherein RII and R12 each independently represents alkyl group or fluorinated
alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of RII and Rlz is fluorinated
alkyl group.
[00521
When the electrolyte solution contains the fluorinated ether, the
viscosity of the electrolyte solution may be reduced and the conductivity of
the electrolyte solution may be enhanced, while the resistance to oxidation of
the electrolyte solution is maintained.
LO0531
It is preferred that the total number of carbon atoms in RII and Rlz, the
alkyl group or the fluorinated alkyl group, is 10 or less. The alkyl group or
the fluorinated alkyl group may be linear or branched. In addition, it is
preferred that the fluorinated alkyl group is a fluorinated alkyl group in
which 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, of hydrogen atoms
contained in the corresponding unsubstituted alkyl group are replaced with
fluorine atom(s). When the content of fluorine atom is high, the withstand
voltage property may be further improved, and the deterioration in the
capacity of the battery after the cycles may be reduced more effectively even
in the case where a positive electrode active material which operates at a
high electric potential is used.
lo0541
As the fluorinated ether, a compound represented by the following
formula (5) is preferred.
LO0551
wherein 11 and m each independently is 1 to 8, and XI to XG each
independently is fluorine atom or hydrogen atom, with the proviso that at
least one of X1 to X3 and X4 to XG is fluorine atom.
LO0561
From the standpoint of the withstand voltage property and the
compatibility with other electrolytes, the fluorinated ether is more preferably
a compound represented by the following formula (6).
[00571
wherein n is 1 to 7, m is 1 to 8, and X1 to XG each independently is fluorine
atom or hydrogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of X1 to X3 and x"
to XG is fluorine atom.
[00581
Examples of the fluorinated ether compound include CF30CH3,
CF~OCZHGF(,C FZ)ZOCH~F, (CFZ)ZOCZHC~F,~ (CFZ)CHZO(CFZ)CF~,
F(CFZ)~OCHF~(C, Fz)30CzHs, F(CFZ)*OCH~F,( CFZ)~OCZHF(~C,F z)sOCH3,
F(CFz)sOCzHs, F(CFz)aOCH3, F(CFz)sOCzHs, F(CFz)gOCH3, CF3CHzOCH3,
CF~CHZOCHFZC,F 3CFzCHzOCH3, CF~CFZCHZOCHFCZF, ~CFZCHZO(CFZ)ZH,
CF~CFZCHZO(CFZ)ZHFC,F zCHzOCH3, (CF~)(CFZ)CHZO(CFZ)ZH,
H(CFz)zOCHzCH3, H(CFZ)Z~CHZCF~,H(CFZ)ZCHZ~CHF~,
H(CFZ)ZCH~O(CFZ)ZHH(C, FZ)ZCHZO(CFZ)~HH(C, FZ)~CHZO(CFZ)ZH,
H(CHF)ZCHZO(CFZ)ZH(C, F3)zCHOCH3, (CF3)zCHCFzOCH3,
CF3CHFCFz0CH3, CF~CHFCFZOCHZCHC~F,~ CHFCFZCHZOCHFZ,
CF~CHFCF~OCHZ(CF~)CZF,~ CHFCFZOCHZCFZCFZHH(C, FZ)~CHZO(CFZ)ZH,
CH~CHZO(CFZ)~aFnd, F(CFz)aCHzO(CFz)zH.
[00591
The content of the fluorinated ether compound represented by the
formula (3) in the whole solvent is preferably 10 vol% or more and 90 vol% or
less, more preferably 20 vol% or more and 85 vol% or less. There is a
tendency that when the content of the fluorinated ether compound is low, the
viscosity of the electrolyte solution may be higher, and therefore the
conductivity may be reduced and the capacity in the cycles may be reduced.
Meanwhile, when the content of the fluorinated ether compound is high, the
dielectric constant of the electrolyte solution may be lower, and therefore a
supporting salt may not be dissociated and the capacity may be reduced
similarly.
[0060l
In addition, the fluorinated ether represented by the formula (3) may
be used singly or in combination of two or more.
[00611
Examples of the other solvents which may be used in the electrolyte
solution include aprotic solvents, including cyclic carbonates such as
propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC),
and vinylene carbonate (VC); chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dipropyl
carbonate (DPC); ethylene carbonate derivatives; propylene carbonate
derivatives; and aliphatic carboxylates such as methyl formate, methyl
acetate, and ethyl propionate. The aprotic solvent may be used singly or in
combination of two or more.
LO0621
It is preferred that the electrolyte solution of the embodiment further
contains a carbonate compound as the solvent. When the electrolyte
solution contains a carbonate compound, the ionic dissociability of the
electrolyte solution may be enhanced and the viscosity of the electrolyte
solution may be reduced, and therefore the ionic mobility may be enhanced.
LO0631
Examples of the carbonate compound include the cyclic carbonates and
the chain carbonates as described above. Namely, examples of the
carbonate compound include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate
(PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dipropyl
carbonate (DPC). In addition, examples thereof also include fluorinesubstituted
carbonate conlpounds such as 4-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
[00641
The content of the carbonate compound in the whole solvent is
preferably 1 to 50 vol%, more preferably 5 to 40 ~01%.
[00651
In addition to the above-described solvents, examples of the solvent
include aprotic organic solvents, including y-lactones such as y-butyrolactone,
chain ethers such as 1,2-ethoxy ethane (DEE) and ethoxy methoxy ethane
(EME), cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran,
dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetoamide,
dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane,
ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triesters, trimethoxy methane, dioxolane
derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon3e-,
methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran
derivatives, ethyl ether, 1,3-propanesultone, anisole, N-methylpyrrolidone,
and fluorinated carboxylates. The solvent may be used singly or in
combination of two or more.
to0661
Examples of the lithium salt (supporting salt) to be dissolved in the
electrolyte solution include, but not limited to, LiPF6, LiAsFc, LiAIC14,
LiC104, LiBF4, LiSbFc, LiCF3S03, LiC4FgC03, LiC ( C F ~ S O ~L)~~N, (CF~SOZ)Z,
~i~(CzFtiSOz)Lzi,B loCllo, lithium salts of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids,
chloroborane lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiC1, LiBr, LiI, and LiSCN.
Lo0671
The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte solution is
preferably 0.5 to 1.5 molll. When the concentration of the lithium salt is
within the range, the density, the viscosity, the electric conductivity, and the
like may be easily adjusted to the appropriate ranges.
[0068l
[Positive Electrode]
In the embodinlent of the invention, the positive electrode active
material is not particularly limited, provided that the inaterial is capable of
intercalating lithium ions during charging and deintercalating lithium ions
during discharging, and any of known materials may be used.
[00691
Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium
manganates having layered structure or lithium manganates having spinel
structure such as LiMnOz and Li,Mnz04 (0
Documents
Application Documents
| # |
Name |
Date |
| 1 |
POWER OF AUTHORITY.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 2 |
PCT-IB-304.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 3 |
OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 4 |
FORM 5.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 5 |
FORM 3.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 6 |
FORM 2 + SPECIFICATION.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 7 |
DRAWING.pdf ONLINE |
2015-02-18 |
| 8 |
1245-DELNP-2015.pdf |
2015-02-20 |
| 9 |
1245-delnp-2015-Form-1-(10-03-2015).pdf |
2015-03-10 |
| 10 |
1245-delnp-2015-Correspondence Others-(10-03-2015).pdf |
2015-03-10 |
| 11 |
POWER OF AUTHORITY.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 12 |
PCT-IB-304.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 13 |
OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 14 |
FORM 5.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 15 |
FORM 3.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 16 |
FORM 2 + SPECIFICATION.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 17 |
DRAWING.pdf |
2015-03-13 |
| 18 |
1245-delnp-2015-Form-3-(13-04-2015).pdf |
2015-04-13 |
| 19 |
1245-delnp-2015-Correspondence Others-(13-04-2015).pdf |
2015-04-13 |
| 20 |
1245-DELNP-2015-FER.pdf |
2018-11-09 |
| 21 |
201818046493-3022_008_SEQLST (2)-121218-cd.pdf |
2018-12-15 |
| 22 |
201818046493 -3022_008_SEQLST-121218-cd.pdf |
2018-12-15 |
| 23 |
1245-DELNP-2015-FORM 3 [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 24 |
1245-DELNP-2015-FER_SER_REPLY [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 25 |
1245-DELNP-2015-DRAWING [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 26 |
1245-DELNP-2015-CORRESPONDENCE [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 27 |
1245-DELNP-2015-COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 28 |
1245-DELNP-2015-CLAIMS [27-02-2019(online)].pdf |
2019-02-27 |
| 29 |
1245-DELNP-2015-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [17-12-2020(online)].pdf |
2020-12-17 |
| 30 |
1245-DELNP-2015-US(14)-HearingNotice-(HearingDate-15-06-2023).pdf |
2023-05-31 |
| 31 |
1245-DELNP-2015-Correspondence to notify the Controller [15-06-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-06-15 |
Search Strategy
| 1 |
1245DELNP2015_03-05-2018.pdf |