Art
[1]
This application claims the benefit of priority based on the date of September 30, Korea Patent Application No. 10-2016-0126910, and September 26, 2017 Date of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2017-0124054, 2016, and of the Korea Patent Application It includes all contents disclosed in the literature as part of the specification.
[2]
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery negative electrode comprising a protective layer formed of a conductive fabric, and more particularly, is formed on at least one surface of the lithium metal comprising the anode, and this lithium secondary battery comprising a conductive fabric having an air gap It relates to a lithium secondary battery.
BACKGROUND
[3]
Recently, increasing interest in energy storage technology. Mobile phones, camcorders and notebook PC, furthermore there is a commitment to research and development of electrochemical devices embodied as applications are increasingly extended to the electric vehicle energy.
[4]
The electrochemical device is a field that receives the most attention in this respect, the development of secondary batteries that can be charged, discharged, among has become the focus of attention, in recent years, in order to improve capacity density and energy efficiency in developing such a battery it is proceeding with research and development for the design of new electrodes and batteries.
[5]
The lithium secondary battery is Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, sulfuric acid using an aqueous electrolyte solution developed in the early 1990's from the secondary batteries that are currently being applied - a high operating voltage as compared to conventional batteries such as lead battery, the energy density significantly greater advantages as it has been highlighted.
[6]
In general, the lithium secondary battery is an electrode assembly including a separator interposed between the positive electrode, a negative electrode and the positive electrode and the negative electrode incorporated in the battery case in a stacked or wound structure, is configured by being a non-aqueous electrolytic solution is injected therein.
[7]
Lithium electrode as a cathode is used by attaching a lithium foil on the entire plane on the house. In this case, the irregularities are formed and removed at the time of charging and discharging proceeds lithium is formed with a lithium dendrite, which is leads to continuous capacity decreases.
[8]
To solve this problem, the introduction of a polymeric protective layer or inorganic solid protective layer on the lithium metal current, or to increase or decrease the salt concentration of the electrolytic solution was carried out to study the application of the appropriate additives. But inhibiting lithium dendrites of these studies minor effects are the actual circumstances. So that through the deformation or structural modification of the battery of the lithium metal anode itself solve the problem it can be an effective alternative.
[9]
[Patent Document]
[10]
Korea Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2015-0030156 No. "lithium secondary battery comprising a lithium electrode, and his"
Detailed Description of the Invention
SUMMARY
[11]
As described above, the lithium dendrite in the lithium secondary battery is precipitated in the anode current collector surface, thereby also causing the expansion of the cell volume. The present inventors as a result of diverse carrying out research, found out the method which can solve the problems caused by these dendrites by a modification of the form and structure of the electrode itself, thereby completing the present invention.
[12]
It is therefore an object of the invention to address the volume expansion problem of the cell caused by lithium dendrites through the form structure and deformation of the electrode, and provides a lithium secondary battery is enhanced.
Problem solving means
[13]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is lithium metal; And comprising: a protective layer formed on at least one surface thereof, the protective layer provides a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, it characterized in that the conductive fabric is formed pores.
[14]
In another aspect, the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the cathode.
Effects of the Invention
[15]
The lithium secondary battery of the conductive fabric according to the present invention a cathode is applied to the protective layer is to induce the precipitation and elimination reaction of lithium metal in the internal pores of the protective layer, preventing the local formation of lithium metal on a lithium metal surface and to inhibit the formation of dendrites and form a uniform surface, whereby it is possible to suppress the volume expansion of the cell. As well as even the precipitation and elimination of lithium metal occurs due to the flexibility and tensile / contraction of the conductive fabric can maintain the mechanical stability.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[16]
1 is a schematic view of the conductive fabric according to the present invention.
[17]
Figure 2 is a SEM image of a conductive fabric according to the present invention.
[18]
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a lithium secondary battery applying the conductive fabric according to the invention with a protective layer.
[19]
Figure 4 is a graph of the discharge capacity in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
[20]
Figure 5 is a graph of the relative discharge capacity of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
[21]
Figure 6 is a graph of the discharge capacity in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
[22]
7 is a graph of the relative discharge capacity of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[23]
Or less, to the accompanying drawings so that the present invention can be easily self having ordinary skill in the art that belong to the reference embodiment will be described in detail. However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms, and is not limited herein.
[24]
[25]
The invention of lithium metal; And comprising: a protective layer formed on at least one surface thereof, the protective layer provides a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, it characterized in that the conductive fabric is formed pores.
[26]
[27]
For the protective layer protecting the conventional lithium metal, would you wish to inhibit electrochemical reactions solve the problem of lithium dendrites, the present invention increases the electrochemically reactive with the introduction of the conductive protective layer improves the output characteristics, also inhibits the local formation of lithium dendrites on the surface of the lithium metal is precipitated up and elimination of lithium metal in the pores of the conductive warp and weft yarns crossing the fabric and formed. This fabric form is preferable as the protective layer because of a controlled thickness, ensuring a constant air gap, form a stable holding function.
[28]
[29]
Conductive fabric according to the present invention is the nature of the fabric flexibility and tensile / because it has a shrinkage when applied as a protective layer of the lithium electrode, precipitation and removal of the reaction of lithium metal in the pores of the conductive fabric excused to maintain mechanical stability.
[30]
[31]
To maximize this effect, the pore size of the conductive fabric and is formed of several tens to several millions of nano-size, it is 1 to 10,000 ㎛, more from 10 to 3,000 ㎛ to Preferably preferable.
[32]
[33]
The conductivity ratio of a porosity of the pores occupied in the fabric is preferably in this based on 100% total area of protection layer area ratio of the void region which occupies 5% to 50% porosity. And the void ratio is less than 5% can not obtain the effect of inducing the precipitation and elimination of the purpose lithium metal of the present invention, the porosity exceeding 50% of the contact area, which with the protective layer and lithium metal layers is relatively reduced the performance of the battery is lowered.
[34]
[35]
The conductive fabric may be more thickness is thin is advantageous in the output characteristics of the battery, it should be formed over a certain thickness suppressing lithium dendrite formation. Considering that such a remarkable improvement of the effect of the protective layer is formed above those having a thickness of 0.01 to 50 ㎛ is preferred.
[36]
[37]
If you have a conductivity to the protective layer of the lithium electrode, by increasing the electrochemical reaction, so can improve the output characteristics, the surface resistance of the conductive fabric is preferably 0.001 to 1 ohmn / sq. 1 when it is more than ohmn / sq by the polarization action (Polarization) by the present invention is difficult to obtain the enhanced output characteristic effect of the conductivity of the object, when the surface resistance of the fabric 0.001 ohmn / under sq fast electrochemical reactants and products the movement of the ions and the product does not facilitate the cell performance is lowered.
[38]
[39]
As Preferably, illustrated in Figure 1, the yarns constituting the warp and weft yarns to form a bundle of a plurality of set of said conductive fabric, and are woven into the fabric base. Yarn outer surface of the base fabric is coated with a metallic material, the outer surface of the metal material may have a coating in the form of carbon material.
[40]
[41]
Wherein the yarn is a polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, urea, cotton, wool, silk, at least one member selected from the group e are selected and woven as a base fabric.
[42]
[43]
The woven base metal material is uniformly coated on the fabric is a nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and tin is selected from (Sn) group 1 not less than species are preferred to impart a conductivity as a protective layer for the purpose in the present invention.
[44]
[45]
In this case, the metal material is coated can be coated parts 30 to 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base fabric, and preferably from 40 parts to 60 parts by weight. Case in which the metal coating is less than 30 parts by weight, it is difficult to secure the effect of the present invention to insufficient to impart conductivity to the fabric end, in the case where the coating in excess of 70 parts by weight of a specific flexibility and tensile / contraction fabric also It decreases.
[46]
[47]
The metal outer surface of carbon material, and can suppress non-uniform deposition of lithium dendrites is coated to, lithium Den to induce reaction of the Dendrite to occur within the pores locally stable in a space section solid electrolyte interface (Solid Electrolyte Interphase: SEI) to form a layer. In addition, to improve the adhesive strength of each yarn through its role as a binder of the coated fibers of a metallic material. This carbon material is stable and is desirable as a protective layer that possess the appropriate strength (Rigid).
[48]
[49]
The metal material is carbon coated on the outer surface of natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, graphene (Graphene), Super-P (Super-P), a super-graphite (Graphite), such as seed (Super-C) system; Activated charcoal (Active carbon) system; Denka black (Denka black), Ketjen black (Ketjen black), channel black (Channel black), furnace black (Furnace black), Thermal Black (Thermal black), the contact Black (Contact black), lamp black (Lamp black), acetylene black carbon black (carbon black), such as (Acetylene black) system; Carbon fiber (Carbon fiber) type, a carbon nanotube (Carbon nanotube: CNT) carbon nano structure, such as, fullerene (Fullerene); And there is at least one member selected from the group consisting of can be selected.
[50]
[51]
The coating may be 20 to 50 parts by weight relative to said carbon material is 100 parts by weight of the base fabric, and preferably is coated with from 30 to 40 parts by weight. If the case is coated with the carbon material is less than 20 parts by weight of the metal material is exposed to the outside there is a problem in the lithium dendrites are formed on the metal material, the coating in excess of 50 parts by weight, because it may block the pores formed in the fabric It is not appropriate.
[52]
[53]
Production method of the conductive fabric of the foregoing, but is not particularly limited in the present invention,
[54]
(S1) comprising: a woven base fabric yarns are ready;
[55]
(S2) a step of coating the metal material on the base fabric; And
[56]
Can be carried out by; (S3) comprising: coating a carbon material on the metal material.
[57]
[58]
Hereinafter will be described for each step.
[59]
(S1) The yarn is woven base fabric preparation step
[60]
First, the production or purchase fabric having a bar material and the pore characteristics of the above-described. It is now produced and carried out through a conventional spinning process, no particular limitation in the present invention.
[61]
[62]
(S2) coating metal phase on the substrate fabric
[63]
Next, the coated metal through a dry coating process or a wet coating on the substrate fabric. By dry-coating of the metal is performed by PVD process such as sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating or electrolytic or electroless plating process is performed with. This process is not particularly limited in the present invention can be performed through a known method. When the electroless perform coating of a metal by the plating process (Electroless plating method), a plating containing pure (Pure water), metal salt, complexing agent, reducing agent, stabilizer, pH adjusting agent to prepare a plating solution in the following, where performed by immersing the base material jikmulreul.
[64]
[65]
(S3) coating material on the metal phase Tan
[66]
Next, the coated substrate using a carbon material jikmulreul which the metal-coated. It can be a material of the foregoing carbon material, which is performed through a wet process of slurry coating. The slurry coating carbon material, a binder, a solvent, and to prepare a slurry coating liquid containing a dispersing agent, and then, this print coating, dip coating, roll coating, spin coating, flow coating, and gravure coating the metal material of the base fabric by a variety of methods to be produced through the process of drying after application.
[67]
[68]
As shown in Figure 1 Figure conductive fabric is produced through the method of manufacture, each of the yarn surface forming the warp and weft yarns of the fabric is coated with a metal material, subsequently coated or filled in between the surface of the carbonaceous material is yarn or It has a shape which. The electroless plating method employed in the present invention can preserve the original shape of the woven yarn. Therefore, the electroless metal coating based on plating method to achieve a dual function, that is, a metallic conductive service and maintenance of the mechanical properties of a fabric-specific feature.
[69]
[70]
In one example, 26 mM SnCl for 10 minutes, a polyester fabric, first in 25 ℃ 2 immersed in 37% HCl (pH = 1) containing. Then, at pH 2 to activate the sample mM PdCl 1.7 2 , 37% HCl and 0.32 MH 3 BO 3 soaked in. For the following, electroless nickel (Ni) deposited over the plating, the fabric sample 97 mM NiSO 4 , 27 mM trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.34 M NH 4 Cl, and 0.14 M NaPO 2 H 2 · H 2 to O Soak. Finally, the nickel-washed with deionized water the coated fabric with water, dried at 150 ℃ for 20 minutes.
[71]
[72]
To the carbonaceous material coated on the above-prepared nickel (Ni) is coated polyester fabric, Denka Black and polyurethane (PU) Binder 9: it was dissolved in N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone in a weight ratio of 1 Slurry It is prepared. Thus the slurry by using a doctor blade technique Ni- and cast onto the coated polyester fabric S FER. When the carbon layer is cast, and the sample at 80 ℃ for 12 hours and dried in a vacuum oven. The Denka Black is the deposited on the nickel (Ni) plating to form an electroless above.
[73]
[74]
The negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery proposed in the present invention can be a full negative electrode collector additionally formed on the other surface of the lithium metal layer (surface protective layer is not formed). If it has suitable conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery does not especially limited, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, zinc, titanium, silver, palladium, nickel, iron, chromium, alloys thereof and combinations thereof It may be any one of metal selected from the. The stainless steel may be treated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver surface, the alloy is aluminum - can be used for cadmium alloy, In addition, sintered carbon, a surface-treated with a conductive material, a non-conductive polymer, or a conductive polymer such as the can also be used. In total typically the negative electrode collector is applied to the copper foil.
[75]
[76]
The anode current collector is generally applied to that in the thickness range of 3 to 500㎛. If the total thickness of the negative electrode current collector is less than 3㎛, the current collecting effect falls, while if the thickness is more than 500㎛ there is a problem in that workability is reduced when assembling a cell by folding (Folding).
[77]
[78]
The present invention provides a negative electrode 100 as shown in Figure 3; Anode 400; A separator 300 and electrolyte (not shown) interposed between them; in the lithium secondary battery comprising, providing a rechargeable lithium battery including the negative electrode applying the above-mentioned conductive fabric with a protective layer (200). At this time, the protective layer 200, but can be applied on both surfaces or one surface of the negative electrode 100, and is positioned on a side in contact with the electrolyte to preferable.
[79]
[80]
The lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can be produced through a known technique that is normally carried out for a supplier party other than the structure and properties of the above-described negative electrode remaining configuration, and will be described in detail below.
[81]
[82]
A positive electrode according to the invention may be film-forming compositions comprising a positive electrode active material, conductive material and a binder on a positive electrode collector to be prepared in the form of a positive electrode.
[83]
[84]
The positive electrode active material is LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li (Ni a Co b Mn c ) O 2 (0
[128]
After preparing to Table 1, it was assembled to the lower panel / Cathode / Separator / conductive fabric / Anode / Spacer / Ni foam / Spring / upper order coin cell of (Coin cell). The conducting fabric is a metal material for the polyester yarn is nickel (Ni), carbon material is the active material (LCO) and conductive material (CNT-based), were coated with the composite material a binder (PVDF based), a sheet resistance of 0.08 ohmn / sq, thickness 32 ~ a 35 ㎛, pore size 7 ~ 28 ㎛, a porosity of about 15%.
[129]
TABLE 1
Cathode LiCoO2, 20um Al foil
Separator ON
Anode Li metal 20 um, 10um copper foil
Electrolyte 80uL, Carbonate-based electrolyte
[130]
[131]
A coin cell in the same manner as the rest of the configuration other than the conductive fabric in Example 1 was assembled.
[132]
[133]
[134]
With the exception of the first embodiment is configured with a non-conductive fabric instead of a conductive fabric in a coin cell was assembled in the same manner.
[135]
The non-conductive fabric was used as the polyester yarn is, a sheet resistance of 0.3 ohmn / sq, thickness of 29 ~ 33 ㎛, pore size 10 ~ 25 ㎛, a porosity of about 15%.
[136]
[137]
[138]
Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, coin cell lithium secondary battery was subjected to charge and discharge under the following conditions.
[139]
-Formation: Charge 0.2C / Discharge 0.2C (3회)
[140]
- Cycle: Charge 0.3C / Discharge 0.5C (over 80 times)
[141]
[142]
result
[143]
Figure 4 and Figure 6 is a data cycle, the y-axis x-axis as the discharge capacity. When applying the conductive protective layer of Example 1, as shown in Figure 4, because the increase in the output characteristic, the initial discharge capacity larger than that appears when comparing Example 1 of applying the conductive fabric.
[144]
In addition, if the application of the conductive protective layer of Example 1, as shown in Figure 6 has been found to increase the output characteristic than Comparative Example 2, applying the non-conductive fabric. This is because the decrease in electrical resistance due to the conductivity than Comparative Example 2 using the non-conductive fabric.
[145]
[146]
Figure 5 and Figure 7 is a graph showing the relative discharge capacity in terms of the initial discharge capacity of 100. Fig through 5 as the cycle is increased may confirm the congestion (Retention) of the discharge capacity, the embodiment has the capacity maintenance can see better than Comparative Example 1 when applying the conductive fabric of Example 1 with a protective layer. That can be confirmed that the cycle performance improvement. This is due to hayeotgi to form a stable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the lithium metal is locally coated with a carbonaceous material in the outermost layer of a conductive fabric so that the reaction in the pores.
[147]
Similarly, if the application of the conductive protective layer of Example 1, as shown in Figure 7, it was found that the capacity holding characteristic improved over Comparative Example 2 is applied to non-conductive fabrics.
[148]
Reference Numerals
[149]
10. Yarn
[150]
20. metal
[151]
30. The carbon material
[152]
100. The negative
[153]
200. The protective layer
[154]
300. membrane
[155]
400. anodes
[156]
Claims
[Claim 1]
Lithium metal; And comprising: a protective layer formed on at least one surface thereof, the protective layer is a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, it characterized in that the conductive fabric is formed pores.
[Claim 2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive fabric is a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, characterized in that the yarns of the woven substrate coated with a metal material and a carbon material sequentially to the fabric conductive fabric.
[Claim 3]
The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery anode, characterized in that the void size of the conductive fabric is from 1 to 10,000 ㎛.
[Claim 4]
The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery anode, characterized in that the porosity of the conductive fabric is from 5 to 50%.
[Claim 5]
The method of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, characterized in that the thickness of the conductive fabric is from 0.01 to 50 ㎛.
[Claim 6]
The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium secondary battery anode, characterized in that the surface resistance of the conductive fabric is from 0.001 to 1 ohmn / sq.
[Claim 7]
The method of claim 2, wherein the polyester yarn, polyamide, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, urea, cotton, wool, silk, a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, characterized in that at least one member selected from the group e.
[Claim 8]
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal material is nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), zinc at least one member selected from (Zn), and tin (Sn) group the lithium secondary battery anode as claimed.
[Claim 9]
The method of claim 2, wherein the metallic material is a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery characterized in that the coated parts 30 to 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the base fabric.
[Claim 10]
According to claim 2, wherein the carbon material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, graphene (Graphene), Super-P (Super-P), a super-seed graphite (Graphite), such as (Super-C) system; Activated charcoal (Active carbon) system; Denka black (Denka black), Ketjen black (Ketjen black), channel black (Channel black), furnace black (Furnace black), Thermal Black (Thermal black), the contact Black (Contact black), lamp black (Lamp black), acetylene black carbon black (carbon black), such as (Acetylene black) system; Carbon fiber (Carbon fiber) type, a carbon nanotube (Carbon nanotube: CNT) carbon nano structure, such as, fullerene (Fullerene); And a lithium secondary battery anode, characterized in that at least one member selected from the group consisting of.
[Claim 11]
2 wherein, for a lithium secondary battery negative electrode, characterized in that the coated parts 20 to 50 by weight based on the carbon material 100 parts by weight of the base fabric.
[Claim 12]
cathode; anode; And an electrolyte interposed between them; in the lithium secondary battery comprising, the negative electrode is any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein any one of the preceding characterized in that the cathode of the lithium secondary battery according to according to one.