WE CLAIM:
1. A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising:
a hydrophilized aluminum support; and
a water-soluble or water-dispersible negative type image recording layer provided on the aluminum support,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of a surface of an outermost layer on a side where the image recording layer is provided is in a range of 0.3 um to 20 um.
2. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbing agent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape.
3. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape that is contained in the image recording layer is obtained by reacting a polyvalent isocyanate compound which is an adduct of a polyhydric phenol compound containing two or more hydroxy groups in a molecule and isophorone diisocyanate with a compound containing an active hydrogen atom.
4. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further
comprising:
a protective layer on the image recording layer.
5. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape that is contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of (i) constitutional unit which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and (ii) constitutional unit which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment.
6. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbing agent and a thermoplastic polymer particle.

7. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the image recording layer contains at least one kind of particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 um to 20 um and two or more kinds of particles having different average particle diameters.
8. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 4,
wherein the protective layer contains at least one kind of particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5nm to 20nm.
9. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 7 or 8,
wherein an in-plane density of the particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 Um to 20 um is 10000 pcs/mm2 or less.
10. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
wherein the particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 um to 20 um are at least one kind of particles selected from the group consisting of organic resin particles and inorganic particles.
11. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 2 or 6,
wherein the image recording layer is an outermost layer and has a plurality of protrusions containing, as a main component, a polymer compound on the image recording layer.
12. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 4,
wherein the protective layer is an outermost layer and has a plurality of protrusions containing, as a main component, a polymer compound on the protective layer.
13. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 11 or 12,
wherein the polymer compound constituting the protrusions contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a novolak resin such as a phenol formaldehyde resin, an m-cresol formaldehyde resin, a p-cresol formaldehyde resin, an m-/p-mixed cresol formaldehyde resin, or a phenol/cresol-mixed formaldehyde resin, a resol resin, pyrogallol, an acetone resin, an epoxy resin, a saturated copolymer polyester resin, a phenoxy resin, a

polyvinyl acetal resin, a vinylidene chloride copolymer resin, polybutene, polybutadiene, polyamide, an unsaturated copolymer polyester resin, polyurethane, polyurea, polyimide, polysiloxane, polycarbonate, chlorinated polyethylene, an aldehyde condensation resin of alkyl phenol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylate, a carboxyvinyl polymer, an acrylic resin copolymer resin, hydroxy cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
14. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of a surface of an outermost layer on a side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided is in a range of 0.1 um to 20 Um.
15. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
wherein a total value of the arithmetic average height Sa of the surface of the outermost layer on the side where the image recording layer is provided and the arithmetic average height Sa of the surface of the outermost layer on a side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided is greater than 0.3 um and 20 um or less.
16. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 15, which
satisfies Expression (1) and Expression (2) in a case where a Bekk smoothness of the surface
of the outermost layer on the side where the image recording layer is provided is set as a
seconds and a Bekk smoothness of a surface of an outermost layer on a side opposite to the
side where the image recording layer is provided is set as b seconds.
a<1000, b<1000-(1) 1/a + 1/b>0.002-(2)
17. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 14 to 16,
wherein a back coat layer which contains particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 um to 20 um is provided, as the outermost layer, on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided.
18. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 14 to 16,
wherein the surface of the outermost layer on the side opposite to the side where the

image recording layer is provided has a plurality of protrusions.
19. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 18, which includes at least one layer between the protrusions, provided on the side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided, and the aluminum support.
20. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 19,
wherein the aluminum support includes an aluminum plate and an aluminum anodized film disposed on the aluminum plate,
the anodized film is positioned closer to the image recording layer side than to the aluminum plate,
the anodized film has micropores extending in a depth direction from the surface of the image recording layer side, and
the average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is in a range of 7 nm to 150 nm.
21. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 20,
wherein the average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is in a range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
22. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 20 or 21,
wherein the micropores are formed of large-diameter pores extending to a position at a depth of 10 nm to 1000 nm from the surface of the anodized film and small-diameter pores communicating with a bottom of the large-diameter pores and extending to a position at a depth of 20 nm to 2000 nm from a communication position,
the average diameter of the large-diameter pores in the surface of the anodized film is in a range of 15 to 150 nm, and
the average diameter of the small-diameter pores in the communication position is 13 nm or less.
23. A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising:
a hydrophilized aluminum support; and
a water-soluble or water-dispersible negative type image recording layer provided on the aluminum support,

wherein Expression (1) and Expression (2) are satisfied in a case where a Bekk smoothness of a surface of an outermost layer on a side where the image recording layer is provided is set as a seconds and a Bekk smoothness of a surface of an outermost layer on a side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided is set as b seconds.
a<1000, b<1000-(1)
1/a + 1/b>0.002-(2)
24. A lithographic printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a
plurality of the lithographic printing plate precursors according to any one of claims 1 to 23,
wherein the outermost layer on the side where the image recording layer is provided and the outermost layer on a side opposite to the side where the image recording layer is provided are laminated by being directly brought into contact with each other.
25. A method of producing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of
claims 1 to 23, comprising:
a step of forming the image recording layer on the aluminum support after one or more days from an anodization treatment performed thereon.
26. A plate-making method for a lithographic printing plate, comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 23; and
a step of supplying at least any of printing ink or dampening water and removing an unexposed portion of an image recording layer on a printing press to prepare a lithographic printing plate.
27. A plate-making method for a lithographic printing plate, comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 23; and
a step of supplying a developer having a pH of 2 to 14 and removing an unexposed portion of an image recording layer to prepare a lithographic printing plate.
28. A lithographic printing method comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 23;

a step of supplying at least any of printing ink or dampening water and removing an unexposed portion of an image recording layer on a printing press to prepare a lithographic printing plate; and
a step of performing printing using the obtained lithographic printing plate.
29. A lithographic printing method comprising:
a step of image-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to any one of claims 1 to 23;
a step of supplying a developer having a pH of 2 to 14 and removing the unexposed portion of an image recording layer to prepare a lithographic printing plate; and
a step of performing printing using the obtained lithographic printing plate.