Claims:1. A low-cost smart device is installed in a various location of powerlines which operates with a minimum power is able to send signals on fault detections.
2. The mapping of these device indications is done on the user interface which is assisting the electricity board members to easily detect the fault in various locations.
3. This project embeds both hardware and software components working together to achieve the objectives.
, Description:FIELD OF INVENTION:
[1] This project generally relates to the field of electricity supply through power transmission lines. More specifically the invention focuses on finding the faults in the targeted areas so that the faults can be detected and rectified easily.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR-ART:
[2] Kennedy, O., Elizabeth, A., Robert, O., & John, S. (2017). Monitoring And Fault Detection System for Power Transmission Using Gsm Technology. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Networks (ICWN) (pp. 93-97). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp).
To provide a reliable monitoring and fault detection system. Appropriate designed specific sensors were used to monitor the changes in transmission parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and frequency. Whenever fault occurred the data acquired were transmitted to the utility mobile phone as SMS via the GSM wireless network. The system hardware was modelled using Proteus simulation tool while Mikro-C was used for the software. With this system, power transmission fault can be detected and isolated at the shortest possible time.
[3] Banerjee, M. D., & Kulkarni, N. R. (2013). Three Phase Parameter Data Logging and Fault Detection Using GSM Technology. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(2), 1.
A practical prototype system can be implemented for fault detection in power system and also the system is successfully designed using 8-bit Microcontrollers which allows the detection of faults. Continuous monitoring of the three phase parameters such as voltage, current and energy consumed is done using data logging system on the PC screen through hyper terminal. There is a Master Slave communication using RS 485 protocol. Communication between Master and Microcontroller is done via RS 232. Comparison of energy units between Master and Slave is done. If difference between the Master and Slave energy units is found, wireless technology GSM (global system for mobile communication) is used to send SMS to a responsible person. Introduction of the mobile communication technology GSM and Microcontroller-based RTU (remote terminal unit) i.e., Master-Slave communication is provided in the paper. This RTU functions as fault detection when abnormality or emergency happens. Also, wireless mobile communication technology i.e., GSM is used simultaneously to send message to a responsible person.
[4] Sujatha, M. S., and M. Vijay Kumar. "On-line monitoring and analysis of faults in transmission and distribution lines using GSM." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 33.2 (2011): 258-265.
A rigid, reliable and robust communications like GSM technology instead of many communication techniques used earlier. This enhances speed of communication with distance independency. This technology saves human life from this electrical danger by providing the fault detection and automatically stops the electricity to the damaged line and also conveys the message to the electricity board to clear the fault. An Embedded based hardware design is developed and must acquire data from electrical sensing system. A powerful GSM networking is designed to send data from a network to another network. Any change in parameters of transmission is sensed to protect the entire transmission and distribution.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION;
[5] Asymmetric fault
An asymmetric or unbalanced fault doesn't affect each of the phases equally.
1. line-to-line fault - a short circuit between lines, caused by ionization of air, or when lines inherit physical contact, as an example because of a broken insulator. In cable faults, roughly 5% - 10% are seen as asymmetric line-to-line faults.
2. line-to-ground fault - a short circuit between one line and ground, fairly often caused by physical contact, for instance damage caused by lightning or another storm. In cable faults, roughly 65% - 70% are asymmetric line-to-ground faults.
3. double line-to-ground fault - two lines inherit contact with the earth (and each other), also commonly due to damage caused by storm damage. In cable faults, roughly 15% - 20% are asymmetric double line-to-ground.
[6] Symmetric fault
A symmetric or balanced fault affects each of the phases equally. In cable faults, roughly 5% are symmetric. These faults are rare compared to asymmetric faults. Two kinds of symmetric fault are line to line to line and line to line to line to ground. These faults account for two to five of all glitches. However, they will cause very severe damage to equipment albeit the system remains balanced.

[7] The project is targeted to detect the above faults and display it on a screen. The device consists of a microcontroller unit which is designed to detect the different types of faults in the powerlines. Each device sends signals separately to the control room having a main interface in which the signal received are displayed. A specific colour signifies the working status of the devices placed at various locations. If a fault is detected in a particular location the respective colour signifies it. In this way the detections can be made.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION:
[8] This invention is mainly focused to eliminate the problems occurring in power transmission lines. This device is made to avoid any delay in finding the location of problem in the powerline and solving it. This device shows the power status directly in the monitor screen in the control section.