Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to low power advanced security systems that integrate multi-layered authentication mechanisms with cloud-based data logging. Traditional security systems often rely on single-factor authentication methods, which are vulnerable to unauthorized access and security breaches. This invention leverages a combination of password entry, RFID verification, fingerprint recognition, and OTP (One-Time Password) validation, controlled by the ESP32 microcontroller, and additional components to create a comprehensive security solution that displays data on an OLED screen, logs access data to Google Sheets, and sends OTPs through email or SMS.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Existing security systems generally focus on single-layer authentication methods, which provide a certain level of security but are often inadequate against sophisticated intrusion attempts. Several patents have explored innovations in multi-layered security systems:
US Patent No. US20050182633A1 describes a multi-factor authentication system that integrates various user authentication methods for secure access control.
US Patent No. US20130125234A1 details a security system employing biometric and password-based authentication mechanisms to ensure robust user verification.
Indian Patent No. IN201811016417A discusses a multi-layer authentication system utilizing biometric, RFID, and password authentication methods for enhanced security.
Chinese Patent No. CN103533073A reveals a multi-factor authentication system integrating biometric data and smart card verification for secure access management.
Despite these advancements, there remains a need for a comprehensive, easily deployable security solution that combines multiple authentication factors with cloud-based data logging and OTP validation to ensure maximum security and convenience.

EXPLANATION OF THREE LAYERS OF SECURITY
1) Password Authentication:
a) Purpose: The password authentication layer serves as the first line of defence in the security system.
b) Functionality: Users are required to enter a predefined password using the keypad provided in the system.
c) Verification: The entered password is compared against a stored reference password within the ESP32 microcontroller.
d) Feedback: Upon successful entry, the system proceeds to the next authentication layer. In case of failure, appropriate feedback is provided to the user through the buzzer and OLED display.
e) Importance: Password authentication ensures that only individuals with the correct access credentials can proceed further in the authentication process.
2) RFID Authentication:
a) Purpose: The RFID authentication layer adds an additional level of security by requiring RFID card verification.
b) Functionality: Users are prompted to scan their RFID cards using the RFID reader integrated into the system.
c) Verification: The RFID reader captures the unique identifier (UID) of the RFID card and sends it to the ESP32 microcontroller for verification against authorized access records.
d) Feedback: Upon successful RFID card verification, the system grants access to the next authentication layer. Failure to verify the RFID card results in appropriate feedback to the user.
e) Importance: RFID authentication ensures that only individuals with authorized RFID cards can proceed to the final authentication layer.
3) Fingerprint Authentication:
a) Purpose: The fingerprint authentication layer provides the highest level of security by utilizing biometric data for verification.
b) Functionality: Users are prompted to place their finger on the fingerprint sensor integrated into the system.
c) Verification: The fingerprint sensor captures and processes the unique biometric features of the user's fingerprint and sends the data to the ESP32 microcontroller for authentication.
d) Feedback: Upon successful fingerprint authentication, the system grants access by activating the relay to unlock the door mechanism. Failure to authenticate the fingerprint results in appropriate feedback to the user.
e) Importance: Fingerprint authentication offers a highly secure and reliable means of verifying the identity of individuals, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of this invention is to develop an automated three-layer security system with cloud-based data logging and OTP notifications. The specific aims are:
1) To ensure highly secure and controlled access to restricted areas.
2) To provide real-time feedback to users and administrators.
3) To minimize the possibility of unauthorized access.
4) To integrate additional features such as notifications and data logging.
5) To create a user-friendly interface with low power consumption.
6) To display data on an OLED screen.
7) To log access data to Google Sheets for easy access and analysis.
8) To send OTPs through email or SMS for final verification.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate typical implementations of this invention and should not be considered limiting, as the invention may have other equally effective implementations.
Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system.
Figure 2: Circuit diagram of the system. Figure 3: Proposed prototype model.
EXPERIMENTAL HARDWARE COMPONENT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVICE
The proposed invention features a three-layer security system, controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller. The essential components of the system are described below:
1) ESP32 Microcontroller
The ESP32 is a powerful microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, making it ideal for IoT applications. It acts as the central control unit, processing authentication data, managing system operations, and handling data transmission to Google Sheets and OTP notifications.
2) Keypad
The keypad is used by users to enter their password, which is the first layer of authentication. It sends the entered password to the ESP32 for verification.
3) RFID Reader
The RFID reader verifies the user's RFID card, which is the second layer of authentication. It sends the card data to the ESP32 for verification.
4) Fingerprint Sensor
The fingerprint sensor captures and processes the user's fingerprint data, which is the third layer of authentication. It sends this data to the ESP32 for authentication.
5) Relay
The relay acts as an electronically operated switch. It is used to control the door lock mechanism based on the authentication results from the ESP32.
6) Buzzer
The buzzer provides audio feedback to users, signaling successful or failed authentication attempts. It enhances user interaction by providing immediate auditory confirmation.
7) OLED Display
The OLED display presents real-time information to users and administrators, including welcome messages, access status, and error notifications. It offers a clear and interactive interface.
8) Power Supply
The system uses a voltage regulator to convert input power to the required levels for the components, ensuring stable and reliable operation.
WORKING METHODOLOGY
The proposed three-layer security system operates on the principle of multi-factor authentication. The process is as follows:
1) Password Authentication:
The user enters their password on the keypad. The keypad captures the input and sends it to the ESP32 for verification.
2) RFID Authentication:
If the password is correct, the system prompts the user to scan their RFID card. The RFID reader captures the card data and sends it to the ESP32 for verification.
3) Fingerprint Authentication:
If the RFID card is valid, the system prompts the user to scan their fingerprint. The fingerprint sensor captures the fingerprint data and sends it to the ESP32 for authentication.
4) OTP Verification:
Upon successful fingerprint authentication, the ESP32 generates an OTP and sends it to the user via email or SMS. The user must enter this OTP to complete the authentication process.
5) Relay Activation:
If the OTP is correct, the relay activates the door lock mechanism, granting access. The buzzer sounds to provide auditory confirmation, and the OLED display shows a success message.
6) Access Logging:
The ESP32 logs the access data locally and transmits it to Google Sheets over Wi-Fi. This allows for easy access and analysis of access records from any location with internet access.
7) Unauthorized Access Notifications:
If an unauthorized access attempt is detected (e.g., multiple incorrect password entries), the system sends an email or SMS notification to the administrator, alerting them of the potential security breach.
CLAIMS
1) An automated three-layer security system consisting of: a) a keypad, b) an RFID reader, c) a fingerprint sensor, d) an ESP32 microcontroller, e) a relay, f) a buzzer, and g) an OLED display, which securely controls access and logs data to Google Sheets.
2) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the keypad provides the first layer of authentication based on password entry.
3) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the RFID reader provides the second layer of authentication based on RFID card verification.
4) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the fingerprint sensor provides the third layer of authentication based on fingerprint recognition.
5) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the ESP32 microcontroller generates and sends OTPs through email or SMS for final verification.
6) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the relay controls the door lock mechanism based on successful multi-layer authentication.
7) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the buzzer and OLED display provide real-time feedback to users.
8) The system as claimed in 1, wherein access data is securely logged to Google Sheets for auditing and analysis purposes.
ABSTRACT
The present invention introduces a low power novel three-layer (Three factor) security system designed to ensure robust access control with enhanced security features. Integrating a keypad, RFID reader, fingerprint sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, relay, buzzer, and OLED display, this system offers multi-factor authentication for secure access to restricted areas. Users navigate through layers of authentication, including password entry, RFID card verification, and fingerprint recognition, ensuring stringent access control. Upon successful authentication, the system activates a relay to unlock the door mechanism, providing access while logging access data to Google Sheets for auditing purposes. Additionally, the system generates and sends OTPs through email or SMS for final verification, enhancing security measures. Real-time feedback is provided to users via a buzzer and OLED display, ensuring a seamless and user-friendly experience. This innovative security system offers unparalleled protection against unauthorized access, making it an ideal solution for a wide range of applications. , Claims:1) An automated three-layer security system consisting of: a) a keypad, b) an RFID reader, c) a fingerprint sensor, d) an ESP32 microcontroller, e) a relay, f) a buzzer, and g) an OLED display, which securely controls access and logs data to Google Sheets.
2) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the keypad provides the first layer of authentication based on password entry.
3) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the RFID reader provides the second layer of authentication based on RFID card verification.
4) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the fingerprint sensor provides the third layer of authentication based on fingerprint recognition.
5) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the ESP32 microcontroller generates and sends OTPs through email or SMS for final verification.
6) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the relay controls the door lock mechanism based on successful multi-layer authentication.
7) The system as claimed in 1, wherein the buzzer and OLED display provide real-time feedback to users.
8) The system as claimed in 1, wherein access data is securely logged to Google Sheets for auditing and analysis purposes.