Claims:We Claim:

1. A method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, the method comprises;
an infra-red LED light source arrangement for illuminating the iris of the user for generating epigenetic response;
capturing an image of an iris by using an iris scanner, the captured image is stored in a database;
registering the image if threshold is less or more than 20 pixels, the image is further translated, scaled and cropped;
segmenting the image for detecting iris and pupil boundaries using therein;
normalizing the image for compensating the stretching of the iris texture and break the non-concentricity of the iris and pupil; and
matching a captured image and a stored reference image by using cross-correlation method thereby authenticating iris image.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the images are registered, segmented, normalized and matched in a processor with a pinnacle capture card and a pinnacle module installed therein.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the segmentation is performed by steps of:
converting the image to a gray scale image;
detecting a pupil sclera by resized the image to half for faster computation using Bicubic interpolation;
converting the image to binary form with iris having binary one and a pupil zero;
detecting edges of the image by using canny edge detection algorithm;
detecting inner boundaries of pupil;
optimizing the pupil boundary as a ellipse using least square fitting of ellipses algorithm;
designing a scatter matrix and a design matrix and use the eigen system to get the coefficients of the ellipse by using fitellipse; and
masking the iris by eliminating undesired edges.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normalization is performed by steps of:
unwrapping the double ellipse of the iris; and
enhancing the image by performing histogram equalization and perona-malik anisotropic diffusion.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matching is performed by using correlation filter.

6. A system for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, the system comprises:
a chin stand for resting chin while scanning iris, the chin stand minimizing movement of the iris;
an infra-red LED light source in the range of 850nm and 950nm for illuminating the iris, and generate epigenetic response of the iris in a specific manner in this range of wavelengths of infra-red light;
a black box for preventing reflecting due to visible light.
an iris scanner for scanning iris;
a pinnacle capture card with a pinnacle module installed in a computer and connected with the iris scanner for registering, segmenting, normalizing and matching captured iris image with a stored iris image.

7. The system as claimed in claim 6, further comprises a Graphical User Interface for operating the system.

8. The system as claimed in claim 7, the Graphical User Interface comprises:
an input image box for display of the iris while capturing the image for correct alignment;
an initialize device button to initialize the iris scanner;
an capture image button to capture the image when the iris is in correct orientation;
an accept button to give second registered image as an input to the system, this image acts as an input to all the further processing, this button also enables the Enrollment and Verification buttons;
a reject button for rejecting the captured image
an image registration button for aligning the captured images in the required position;
an enrollment button registration of a new user;
an verification button enabling a user to claim his identity, this button is which is displayed in result box.
an segmentation box displays an intermediate result;
an normalization box shows an intermediate result;
an result box displays the final result of verification of a person, whether he is a registered user or not; and
an exit button to exit from the system.
, Description:Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a biometric system and method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns.

Background of the invention

Iris, being the most precise of all biometric modalities, has become popular choice for many important personal identification systems. Though iris is non-invasive and requires less dependencies to be resolved compared to other matured biometric modalities like fingerprint, it has also become important to ensure that technology matures before its deployment in real applications by virtue of which the system has intelligence to understand difference between spoof information against live and genuine information. With the AADHAR project, India has produced the largest biometric database across the globe. Recently, AADHAR test server for iris went live and this project aims at making the AADHAR iris test server more error resilient. Towards this objective, we aim at first coming up with authentic ways to spoof the server by fabricating synthetic iris using light sensitive polymers. By this an interesting problem of server sensitivity to spoof attacks gets posed, which we typically propose to solve by introducing wavelets based techniques to resolve the captures iris responses to infra red wavelengths by resolving the parts in time as well as frequency. The project thus aims at producing deployable solution to strengthen AADHAR live iris database by making it error resilient against spoof attacks of sophisticated nature, which is of national importance.

I) Artificial iris fabrication

An eye is one of the most amazing biological systems, among those exist in humans. It has the capability to sense, react and regulate, thus provide the responsive media for humans to get connected with the surrounding world intellectually. The ongoing research in the field of artificial iris fabrication has emerged from the outcome of variety of requirements in ocular prosthesis and also from the technological aspects for betterment of anti-spoofing mechanism in iris biometric systems, especially to make the existing biometric (iris recognition) strong against forgery.

At the beginning considering the first aspect, the world of ophthalmology is paying considerable attention towards the ocular prosthesis for the persons suffering from visual impairment. It has been observed that the patients with permanent iris damage, suffers from excessive light exposure leading to photophobia, glare, and poor vision. In such cases the ocular prosthesis of artificial iris is useful. Most of the existing methods of artificial iris and pupil construction are capable of resembling the anatomy of iris; however, the dynamic response to light is the main function of iris which is still lacking in the artificial iris fabrication. All these requirements have caused the emergence of new challenges in fabrication of artificial iris. Therefore, the first part of this proposed work deals with the “Artificial Iris Fabrication”. In this context some important aspects need to be considered while realizing the artificial iris, these aspects also helps in setting the mandatory requisites on the fabrication processes and final output.

The fabrication of artificial iris need to consider, i) biocompatibility of the material with the human body, ii) the structural conformation with the spoke patterns surrounding the pupil and most importantly iii) the capability of light regulation through iris i.e photo intensity modulation.

While dealing with the material selection, biocompatible flexible polymeric materials are of particular interest for fabrication of artificial iris. In general the polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polymethymethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) are the most widely used polymers for artificial iris fabrication. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is also one of the well known biocompatible polymers and has advantages, such as nontoxicity, ace of fabrication, practical scalability, optical transparency, and gas (especially O2) permeability. Considering these facts the use of the PDMS for present work is intended. Another important aspect is human cornea absorb UV-C and UV-B radiation up to ~290 nm and only light above 290 nm reaches the iris and lens. The use of PDMS polymer matrix can be one of the best remedy to accomplish this demand.

However the resemblance of artificial iris with that of spoke pattern which naturally occurs in iris can be achieved using liquid crystalline polymers (LCP).

The integration of light modulation functional property in the artificial iris is prime demand. The Recent scenario of artificial iris fabrication has shown the two types of approaches in order to inhabit the light responsive mechanism. In some cases, an electro-optic effect based on a liquid crystal (LC) and polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) along with a controlling electronic circuit are used to drive artificial iris in response to ambient light. It utilizes the optical anisotropy of the LC, which enables the light transmission control at relatively low electric voltages. In these types of artificial iris the transmittance of fabricated iris was tuned from 94% to 20% as ambient light intensity increases from 25 lux to 2500 lux. Another approach could be the use of photochromic compounds for light intensity modulation, use of spiropyran dye in PMMA is reported for artificial iris fabrication. The dyes having maximum absorption at 450 nm, 570 nm and 600 nm was used in combination to regulate light intensity, thus in this case artificial iris control the light intensity in UV-visible range.

It has been observed that none of the above mentioned reports; give the detailed description about the particular region wavelengths (deep UV, UV, Visible and near IR region) passing through iris. However it is well known that natural eye allows only certain intensity of light wavelength for all particular regions.

It is worth mentioning here that artificial iris light modulation functionality is not only about light intensity modulation but actual successful mimicking of iris will depend on how closely it can mimic the natural light filtration functionality of an iris, which include the filtration of all the wavelengths in the region viz. deep UV, UV, visible and near IR.

Therefore with the foregoing analysis in mind, as well as our previous studies on PDMS surface modification; we propose here the new strategy for the fabrication of artificial iris using PDMS with the light intensity modulation functionality of the pupil.
2. Specific Objective

A. Fabrication of artificial iris with inherent light modulation functionality: The light modulation functionality will be induced using two different techniques. However the methodology to create morphological resemblance, host polymer PDMS, and polymer to incorporate near IR reflectance will remain same.

1. Use of photochromic compounds which shows light driven molecular switching:

The photochromic compound such as azobenzene, spiropyran, phenoxyquinone and bisthienylethene will be doped in host PDMS polymer with different combination ratios to control the intensity of the light over the whole UV-visible range of the spectrum.

2. Use of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), which shows director alignment property in electric field:

It is well known fact that electro optical properties of PDLC are governed by the size of LC (E7, E49, TL202 and TN10427 LCs) droplets, the polymer matrix used for dispersion of these LC (Poly (tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate) (Poly-TPGDA), NOA65 photosensitive glue), method used for polymerization of these PDLC (UV, e-beam), the rate of polymerization, temperature, composition, structure and solubility of monomers and LCs. Therefore it is worth trying different kind of PDLC combinations of PDMS to achieve better resemblance with light modulation properties of the natural iris. The performance of LC viz. E7, E49, TL202 and TN10427 LCs will be tested in the present study.

B. Optimization of fabrication process parameters to achieve desire functionality in artificial iris.

1. While using the photochromic molecules, optimization of mixing ratio of host PDMS polymer and amount of all the photochromic molecules will be carried out; in order to get proper functionality mimicking of the natural iris. Thus the light intensity modulation over the whole deep UV, UV, visible and near IR range of light will be achieved.

2. In next attempt the various concentration of LC in polymer matrix and also in host polymer, will be tested based on its light intensity modulation performance.

C. Analysis of the light modulation property after the fabrication of artificial iris.

1. A driving circuit for artificial iris, fabricated using PDLC, will be developed to inherit light modulation functionality and resemble the artificial dynamic pupil.

2. A control circuit using photodiode will be build to test and analyse the proper light modulation functionality of the fabricated iris.

3. The FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopic analysis will be carried out to study the transmittance of iris (for particular wavelengths). Similarly, phase transition temperature, and polarized optical microscopy will be used to determine the subsequent studies particularly for PDLC assembly. Especially diffuse reflectance spectroscopy will be used to analyse not only the amount of light absorbed by iris but also to measure the total reflected light off of the iris.

3. Materials and Methods

A. First approach: Artificial iris fabrication using photochromic molecules for light modulation functionality.

II) Iris Biometry

In the second section, use of this fabricated artificial iris for the upgradation of the existing iris biometric system is proposed. The present scenario shows that in the today’s techno-world, growing threat of fraud has attracted considerable attention towards biometric solutions. “Biometric” is analogue to life measurement, the word which summarizes the concept of identification for an individual through unique physiological characteristics. Iris scan is one of the biometric methods which includes fingerprint, face recognition, hand geometry, voice scan, retina scan, infrared face and body parts, keystroke dynamics (behavioural biometric), gait, odour, ears, DNA. Among these techniques iris recognition is believed as most reliable biometry. Even though, it has been considered that higher accuracy in iris detection based biometry provide great protection against fraud, emergence of forgery techniques created an alarming situation showing the lack of anti-spoofing mechanism in these devices. Almost 40% efficiency decrease has been observed in the existing biometric technique when the spoofing techniques are emerged with 85% success rate. It takes the situation in more increasing worries for high sensitive areas and thus put strong obligation towards the improvement in fake iris detection methods and to implement them in commercially available equipments. This open ups new field of research for fabrication of artificial iris, in order to use them for upgradation of existing iris recognition technique.

The existing Iris Recognition system has some major drawbacks. This system can be spoofed in the following ways.

1) Eye Image
A high resolution photograph of eye when kept in front of scanner, the system cannot differentiate it from real eye.

2) Artificial eye
Artificial eye of person can be made as explained in part one, can fool the system.

3) Natural Eye: Imposter (Worst case scenario)
Eye of the person removed from body is taken as a live eye of the person by the system. To overcome these serious drawbacks of conventional Iris Recognition system, we propose to make an extension by adding “liveness” to this system. Liveness Detection verifies that live person is present while verification of the person is done. This is achieved by studying the saccadic patterns of the iris with more emphasis on well proven factor like pupil dilation, epigenetic responses of iris etc.

Human iris reacts differently for different wavelengths of light. The present invention proposes to use this property of human iris to provide liveness measure. The present invention proposes to illuminate the eye with known wavelengths of Infra Red light source. Epigenetic movement of iris is expected as response to the stimulus presented. The present invention proposes to capture this movement of iris and use it as measure to differentiate live authenticate source from a fake one. The extraction of this pattern when an iris undergoes the response is the challenging part and the present invention proposes to use wavelet based techniques to achieve the same.

Objects of the invention

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, which prevents iris biometric spoofing.

One more object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, which prevents iris biometric spoofing on live server databases

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, which authenticates the same user by comparing the stored information of the iris with the live information of the iris.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, which detects the presence of the user while doing iris verification.

One more object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns, which differentiates live iris from a fake iris.

Summary of the invention

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns. The method having an infra-red LED source arrangement for illuminating the iris of the user for generating epigenetic response. Further, capturing an image of an iris by using an iris scanner, the captured image is stored in a database. Thereafter, registering the image if threshold is less or more than 20 pixels, the image is further translated, scaled and cropped. Further, segmenting the image for detecting iris and pupil boundaries using therein. Thereafter, normalizing the image for compensating the stretching of the iris texture and break the non-concentricity of the iris and pupil. At last matching a captured image and a stored reference image by using cross-correlation method thereby authenticating iris image.
In another aspect the present invention is a system for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns. The system comprises at infrared LED light source for illuminating the iris of the user, a device for acquiring image of the iris illuminated by the at least one light arrangement thereby detecting epigenetic response of the iris and authenticating the user and an iris scanner attached with a computer for scanning the iris image thereby verifying the iris image with the already stored iris image in the computer database. The system further comprises a chin stand for restricting the head movement of the user while capturing the iris image of the user and a black box arrangement arranged peripherally around the atleast one infrared LED light arrangement for avoiding reflections due to visible light. The system authenticates the user on comparing and verifying the live iris image of the user with the already stored iris image in the computer database.
Brief description of the invention

Figures 1a and 1b show a flow chart for a method for detecting liveness in iris of an eye in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is an iris image;

Figure 3 shows a binary form of the iris image;

Figure 4 shows the iris image with edge detection;

Figure 5 shows a pupil of the iris image;

Figure 6 shows an double elliptic unwrapping in the iris image;

Figure 7 shows an enhanced template;

Figure 8 shows a correlation filter;

Figure 9 shows a chin stand;

Figure 10 shows an IR LED light source;

Figure 11 shows an iris scanner;

Figure 12 shows Pinnacle capture card;

Figures 13 and 14 shows graphical user interface in accordance with the present invention; and

Figure 15 shows a graph a false acceptance ratio vs genuine acceptance ration.

Detail description of the invention

For a thorough understanding of the present invention, reference is to be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the above-described drawings. Although the present invention is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present invention. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

The term such as “first” and “second” does not denote priority or any sequence, but are used for differentiating two similar elements. Further, the term “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.

The present invention provides a method for detecting liveness in an iris of an eye. The method can differentiate between the image and iris of a live eye. Further, the method enables to differentiate between iris of a plastic eye and iris of a live eye. Moreover, the method enables to detect eye that is separated from body.

Referring now to figures 1a and 1b, a flow chart of a method 100 for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns is illustrated. The method 200 starts at step 110.

At step 120, an infra-red LED source arrangement for illuminating the iris of the user for generating epigenetic response. The infa-red LED light source has in the range of 850nm and 950nm. Upon direct this light on a iris, epigenetic response of the iris is achieved.

At step 130, an image (refer figure 2) of an iris with the epigenetic response is captured by using an iris scanner. The captured image is stored in a database or a processor.

At step 140, the image if threshold is less or more than 20 pixels is registered. The image is further translated, scaled and cropped. In the registration process, the captured image is aligned with the base image. If the threshold is less or more than 20 pixels then register those images and process further. Else the images are rejected.

At step 150, the image is segmented for detecting iris and pupil boundaries using therein. In segmentation the iris and the pupil boundaries is detected by using canny edge detection algorithm, hough transform algorithm and least square fitting of ellipses algorithm. The segmentation of the iris image in following steps:

Initially, the image is converted into a gray scale image.Further, pupil sclera is detected by resizing the image to half for faster computation using Bicubic interpolation.

Thereafter, the image is converted into binary (refer figure 3) form and as the main focus is on the pupil and the iris the rest of the part of the input image is made binary zero, with iris part binary one.

The edges (refer figure 4) in the image are detected using canny edge detection algorithm. The threshold and the standard deviation values are decided heuristically. The matlab inbuilt function bwareaopen function for noise removal.

Further, iris inner boundary i.e. the pupil boundary are detected. For this purpose the histogram of the image is analysed and as the pupil is the darkest portion of the eye a gray value is selected heuristically such that all the pupil pixels will lie under this threshold value. Using this threshold value the pupil boundary id detected.

Thereafter, the pupil boundary is optimised as a ellipse (refer figure 5) using least square fitting of ellipses algorithm.

FITELLIPSE: The previous iris recognition systems have considered the iris and pupil as a perfect circle which led to loss of information and inaccurate segmentation results.

Hence to overcome the above disadvantages, the present invention the iris and pupil boundaries to be elliptical is considered. We first detect the boundaries as circles and then apply least square fitting of ellipse algorithm to fit these circle points into an ellipse.

An ellipse is a special case of a general conic which can be described by an implicit second order polynomial
F ( x , y ) ax 2 bxy cy 2 dx ey f 0
with an ellipse-specific constraint

b 2 4 ac 0
where a; b; c; d; e; f are coefficients of the ellipse and (x;y) are coordinates of points lying on it. The polynomial F(x;y) is called the algebraic distance of the point (x;y) to the given conic.

Thereafter, using the ellipse equation the scatter matrix and the design matrix is designed and get the coefficients of the ellipse of the epigenetic response.

Further, while detecting the iris many unwanted edges are detected which may lead to false detection of iris boundary using Hough transform.

There are many edges between the iris and the pupil boundary and these edges are stronger compared to iris and sclera boundary due to higher contrast between pupil and Iris. In this module we create a mask that will eliminate such undesirable edges.

In this way we detect the iris and the pupil boundaries. These iris parameters is given to the next step called normalization. This is referred as ellipse mask.

At step 160, the image for compensating the stretching of the iris texture and break the non-concentricity of the iris and pupil are normalized.

The captured image and iris parameters are given as an input to this step.

Initially, Double elliptic is unwrapped as shown in figure 6. In this module the Iris is unwrapped by converting polar co-ordinates to the Cartesian co-ordinate system in order to compensate the stretching of the iris texture and break the non-concentricity of the iris and pupil. The template of an iris of radial resolution 64 and angular resolution 360 is prepared.

Further, the image is enhance by performing histogram equalization and perona-malik anisotropic diffusion as shown in figure 7. Histogram equalization equally distributes the gray levels and perona-malik diffusion technique it reduces image noise without removing significant parts of the image content. The considered perona-malik conductivity function is
C(||∆L||)=exp(- (||∆L||/k)^2)
Where
K =constant which controls the sensitivity to edges and is usually chosen experimentally.

C(||∆L||)=It controls the rate of diffusion and generally it is chosen as function of image gradient so as to preserve edges in the image.

Normalization: This is a novel and unique part of the chain. We use modulated lapped Biorthogonal Transform (MLBT) to normalize the enhanced image. Sin function can be smoothened at both the ends to generate the basis for this function.

The analysis and synthesis bells are duals of each other. The Reisz bounds are preserved and for N=512 samples the normalization is carried out. Refer figure 7

At step 170, a captured image and a stored reference image are matched by using cross-correlation method thereby authenticating iris image. Refer figure 8.

For verifying the user we shall use correlation filter based matching technique.

For encoding purpose we are using the method of Cross-correlation. In signal processing, cross-correlation is a measure of similarity of two waveforms as a function of a time-lag applied to one of them. This is also known as a sliding dot product or inner-product. The cross-correlation is similar in nature to the convolution of two functions. Whereas convolution involves reversing a signal, then shifting it and multiplying by another signal, correlation only involves shifting it and multiplying (no reversing).
For continuous functions, f and g, the cross-correlation is defined as:
(f*g)(t)=def(∫ -∞ to +∞(F * (T) g (t +T)) dt)
Where f * denotes the complex conjugate of g. ∫

The method ends at step 180.

In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a system for detecting invigoration in iris for preventing spoofing done by using photosensitive polymer based iris patterns. The system includes a chin stand, a infra-red LED light source, a black box, an iris scanner, a pinnacle capture card and a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The chin stand refer figure 9 for resting chin while scanning iris, the chin stand minimizing movement of the iris.

Further, the infra-red LED light source having wavelength in the range of 850nm and 950nm for illuminating the iris for generate epigenetic response of the iris in a specific manner in this range of wavelengths of infra-red light. A typical circuit with 9V battery and a 47 ohms resistor will be used in combination for this purpose. The IR LEDs will be connected in parallel as shown in figure 10. Further, the block box is provide for preventing reflecting due to visible light. 3. The black box is required to avoid reflections due to visible light, which may cause loss of iris information. Also the reflections due to the IR LED bank are focused in the centre of the pupil to avoid loss of information in iris region. Further, the iris scanner (refer figure 11) for scanning iris. The scanner is interfaced with a computer using a pinnacle capture card (figure 12). This is achieved by installing the pinnacle software on the computer followed by fixing the capture card in the PCI slot.

The GUI is designed in such a way that real time capturing of the iris image is possible through the camera. Other functions of the GUI will include storing the iris image of a new user in the database (enrolment mode) and verifying the existing users (verification mode).

The GUI of this invention has helped enables to provide a Real Time system. The GUI is designed in such a way that that various stages of the working of system are visible to the user. Appropriate messages get displayed on the screen, which help the user to handle the system without much effort.

Referring now to figures 13 and 14, a GUI according to the present invention is illustrated. The GUI shows all the intermediate steps of the basic iris recognition process.

1) Input Image box
This area shows the live video when the Initialize Device button is clicked. This helps to view what image is being captured.

2) Initialize Device button
This button is the state step for proceeding. This button enables initializes the camera, which is interfaced with the system. Live video is seen in Input Image box when this button is enabled.

3) Capture Image button
This button is used to capture the image. Live video is stopped and a still image is seen in Input Image box. 2 images of eye are captured back to back, with a difference of 1 sec between them. The final image i.e. the 2nd image is seen in Input Image box.

4) Accept button
This button functions to give the 2nd registered image as an input to the system. This image acts as an input to all the further processing.
This button also enables the Enrollment and Verification buttons.

5) Reject button
This button is used to reject the captured image. Camera is re-initialized and live video is again seen in Input Image box. Use of this button is that, if the captured image is not a good image i.e. it is not according to the required conditions (e.g. Image may have reflections in iris part, or it may be a very dark image, due to lack of good lighting conditions), it should not be given as an input to the system.

6) Image Registration button
This button performs the function of aligning the captured images in the required position. The 2 registered images are stored at the required destination in database. The 2nd registered image is seen in Registered Image box.

7) Enrollment button
This button is used when a new user wishes to register in the system. The user’s eye images and other required details are stored in the database.

8) Verification button
When a user wishes to claim his identity, this button is used. The result if the person is a registered user is seen in Result box.

9) Segmentation box
This is an intermediate result, when an image is given as an input to the system. Here the inner and the outer boundaries of iris are detected.

10) Normalization box
This too is an intermediate result, when an image is given as an input to the system. Here the iris is unwrapped and is normalized.

11) Result box
This box gives the final result of verification of a person, whether he is a registered user or no.

12) Exit button
This button is used to exit from the system.

The novelty of the system will lie in the fact:
Genuine will be equal to = Live + Genuine
Imposter will be identified using three conditions:
1. Live + Imposter
2. Spoof + Genuine
3. Spoof + Imposter

Advantages of the present invention:
In the first section fabrication of artificial iris will be carried out and in second part it includes the use of this artificial iris for upgradation of existing biometric techniques against the spoofing activities.

A. Upgradation of the existing biometric system.
Expected Outcomes
1. Part (I) will focus on modelling and characterization of iris and pupil structures in the human eye
2. Part (I) will produce scientific mechanism to produce artificial iris which can be used for database entry purposes
3. Part (II) will provide mathematical model to come up with liveness measure
4. Part (II) shall provide countermeasure against spoofing attacks in conventional iris recognition systems.

Figure 15 shows a false acceptance ratio vs genuine acceptance ration.
Database 1(blue curve) = Liveness corrected data of first 150 classes (EER=0.65)
Database 3(red curve) = Data of first 150 classes without liveness correction (EER=1.53)
Database 2(green curve) = Liveness corrected data of 151-300 classes (EER=0.97)
Database 4(black curve) = Data of 151-300 classes without liveness correction (EER=2.97)
Conclusion:
1. Without liveness correction database3 and database4 showed EER of 1.53% and 2.97% respectively. This depicts success of artificial iris patterns created
2. With liveness incorporation, EER of 1.53% was corrected to 0.65% for first 150 classes
3. With liveness incorporation, EER of 2.97% was corrected to 0.97% for last 150 classes
4. The ability to differentiate spoof iris from real iris is the strength of the algorithm.
Therefore, the present invention of the system and the method 200 has an advantage of storing information of a user by detecting the epigenetic response of iris of the user. The system and the method 200 provide maximum security for the user information. The system and the method 200 also provide maximum security against spoofing attack. The system and the method 200 also differentiate live authenticate source from a fake one. The system and the method 200 is more reliable. The system and the method 200 also provide the AADHAR iris test server more error resilient. The system 100 is economical.
The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the present invention and its practical application, and to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but such omissions and substitutions are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present invention.