Method and apparatus for creating a foundation and foundation

The invention relates to a method for constructing a foundation, wherein a foundation pipe is driven into a bottom, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a foundation having a foundation tube that is driven into a bottom, according to the preamble of claim 12.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for creating a foundation having a foundation pipe in the ground, with a work platform with a ramming device for ramming of the foundation pipe into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 13.

A generic prior art for introducing a foundation pipe into a sea floor is shown in the DE 10 201 1 1 1 1 036 A1. Establishing an offshore wind turbine foundation of a pipe having a diameter of several meters from a floating pontoon is driven by a pile hammer in a seabed. As a ramming device using a vibrator is proposed. In order to reduce the applied forces and the noise development is taught in this document, by the ram mechanism through a drilling tool to perform on a drill rod, to loosen the soil. The drilling tool has a drilling diameter thereby which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the foundation tube to be introduced.

Drilling and drilling tools for creating a bore having a bore diameter of several meters, which up to 7 m, and can be more at establishing pipes of wind turbines are very large, heavy and DA with costly. Such large and heavy systems can only with a correspondingly large handling equipment, especially cranes, moved and adjusted. In addition, a significant deterioration and pollution of the surrounding water by debris formed from the drilling large bore diameter underwater.

From CH 622 305 A5 a method is disclosed for low-noise introduction of steel piles into the ground. Here, the bottom portion, in which a steel beam is rammed, previously broken up by a bore. The diameter of the bore also corresponds approximately to the cross-sectional size of the steel pile einzurammenden.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for creating a foundation and a foundation, wherein a foundation tube with large pipe diameters can be introduced efficiently and with a high support and stability in the soil.

The invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1, a foundation with the characteristics of claim 12 and an apparatus having the features of claim 13. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The inventive method is characterized in that the front of the pile-driving means of a drilling tool, the drill diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the foundation tube, at least one hole is created in the ground in the circumferential region of the introduced foundation tube, and that when drilling worn soil material is substantially in bore remains.

A basic idea of ​​the inventive method is to loosen during ramming a foundation pipe into the soil this by previously drilling. However, the loosening does not take place over the entire cross section of the introduced foundation tube, but only in the region of a peripheral wall of the foundation tube. The creation of the holes can thus be created with conventional and therefore cost drilling and drilling tools. Moreover, the bores can be created below 2 m, preferably between 20 cm and 80 cm in diameter, preferably with a relatively small drilling. Such holes can be made low noise and efficient.

In addition, a further advantage is obtained in the inventive method in that accumulates hardly loosened soil material inside the foundation tube and remains. This has a positive effect on the support and stability of the foundation pipe in the ground. Overall, less soil must be drilled and removed. This is both energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

According to a development of the method according to the invention it is provided that a plurality of bores are made which are placed in the ground annularly along the peripheral area of ​​establishing introduced tube. In particular, the holes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the foundation tube introduced. The foundation tube preferably has a diameter of 2 m to 10 m or more. The bores may be created by conventional rotary drilling, in particular with an auger, drill diameter, and preferably have between 0.2 m and 2 m.

A particularly good loosening is achieved by a process variant of the invention, that the bores are arranged in touching or overlapping. Thus, the entire area along the foundation pipe is loosened by drilling. The foundation tube can thus be driven with relatively small forces in the base area.

Alternatively, it may be provided according to the invention, that adjacent holes are created with a distance from each other, wherein a bottom segment between the adjacent holes remains. In the region of the remaining soil segments between adjacent bores an increased wall friction between the floor segment with the unchanged existing soil and the wall of the foundation pipe can be achieved. The distance between holes, and thus the extent of the bottom segments in the circumferential direction of the foundation pipe can be selected depending on the strength of the soil and set.

forces ramm a further influencing of the A and the bearing capacity of the foundation may be achieved by a further development of the method according to the invention in that at least one bore is drilled to a depth which is less than or equal to the Einrammtiefe of the foundation tube. For example, the one or more holes about only half the intended Einrammtiefe of the foundation pipe can be drilled. Thus, the foundation tube in the first half can be introduced with reduced forces in the ground, which promotes good governance and alignment of the foundation tube. In the second half of Einrammens the foundation tube is then introduced into the unmodified native soil, so that in this half, increased frictional forces and thus an increased load capacity result.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to one embodiment of the invention is that the foundation tube is driven into the ground by a pile hammer, which is designed as a striking hammers or an oscillating shaker. In this great driving forces can be applied as a shock pulses with a resounding pile hammers, in particular a diesel hammer. A noise poorer insertion variant consists of the foundation tube with an oscillating vibrator, in particular a rotating Vibrationsbär with unbalances driven into the ground. Pile driver in the sense of the invention is thus a process wherein substantially no removal of soil material, the foundation tube is driven by application of force into the ground.

The method can be implemented in principle on land. A particularly advantageous variant of the process according to the invention is that the foundation tube is driven to form an underwater foundation in the bottom of a water body. The method is particularly advantageous for creation of offshore wind farms with the foundation pipes with diameters of several meters. but the foundations can be trained not only in a seabed but also on a lake or in a river bottom.

According to another development of the invention it is preferred that the drilling tool is rotationally driven by a drilling apparatus which is adjustable on a working platform along the periphery of the transferring pipe curvature. The work platform can be in particular a pontoon or a so-called tes template here, which can be lowered and then be adjusted to the body of water. In the formation of the work platform as a floating pontoon, the drilling device may be a conventional drill on a traveling undercarriage. The drilling apparatus is thus automatically moved and can be moved to different drilling positions at different points of the working platform. Alternatively, the drilling tool may also be driven by a so-called flying drilling apparatus which moves by means of a suspension cable, and a crane on the individual drilling positions and is fastened there to respective brackets and adjusted. Such a drilling device is also suitable for an underwater drilling. Furthermore, the drilling apparatus may be mounted on an adjustment device along the circumference of the foundation tube at the work platform so that the drilling device can be moved about by a servomotor along a guide track. Preferably, the device is lowered so with supports on to the seabed, wherein the work platform above the water surface remains.

A preferred development of the invention is that the working platform on the surface of the water floats or is lowered to the bottom of the water body. Basically, the work platform can be both buoyant and lowered.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that at least one annular drill guide is provided on the work platform, which has to be introduced in accordance with the positions of the bores guide means for the drilling tool. The annular drill guide is a drill guide having a plurality of guide means for axially guiding the drill tool to the desired positions. The guide means may be guide sleeves whose inner diameter dimensioned to match the outer diameters of the drilling tools in particular. Preferably, two drill guides of the working platform are provided, namely a first upper drill guide and a second lower drill guide. The lower drill guide may preferably be lowered from the work platform, in particular until it rests on the water bottom. This drill guide particularly accurate sinking of the individual holes can occur. Preferably, the holes are ring-

shape arranged such that the wall of the foundation tube passes approximately centrally through the annularly arranged holes with the loosened soil material.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is that during retraction of the drilling tool out of the ground filler material, in particular a curable material, the bore is supplied. When creating the loosening bore lowering may be formed after the retraction of the drilling tool. This lower height level in the region of the bore has the result that after the setting of the foundation tube in the loosened and partially lowered area, the foundation tube is not surrounded up to the water bottom with soil. Thus, the static usable Einbindtiefe is not reduced, may be preferably introduced via the drilling tool filling material into the bore. This can offset a material or volume loss in the loosening hole. The filling material may be any suitable pumpable material, such as a pourable solid such as sand, gypsum, etc., or a mixture of solids, water and / or a hydraulic binder. When pulling out of the drilling tool, the filler material to compensate for the loss of material can be introduced through a central core tube. By adding a settable substance even a defined strength of the loosened portion can be adjusted.

The introduction of the pumpable filling material can thereby be preferably monitored with regard to the quantity per unit of time or depth, or even with respect to the upcoming pressure. In this case, it is initially assumed to be sufficient that the pending bottom of the outlet opening pressure corresponds approximately to the hydrostatic pressure that is present in the core pipe due to the liquid column. If desired, the pressure can be increased in individual cases.

The foundation according to the invention is characterized in that in the ground in the peripheral area of ​​the foundation tube, at least one bore is in front of the pile-driving introduced whose bore diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the foundation tube, and that the at least one hole is filled with soil material of when creating bore obtained. The bore diameter is greater than the wall of the foundation tube and is usual

cherweise between 5% to 30% of the diameter of the foundation tube to be introduced.

With the inventive foundation, the advantages described above with regard to the efficient and cost effective manufacturing and the sustainability arise.

According to the invention, the apparatus for creating a foundation, characterized in that it is provided with drilling tool on the work platform a drilling apparatus, the drill diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the introduced foundation tube and that the drilling apparatus along the circumference of the einzurammenden foundation tube is adjustable. With this invention device, the method of the invention described above can be carried out in particular. It result in this case the advantages described above.

A preferred embodiment of the invention results from the fact that the work platform to form an underwater foundation is formed in a floating and / or lowered. The device can be used especially for maritime applications therefore, in particular to create a foundation for offshore wind turbines or other offshore applications.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that the drilling device comprises a tubular drilling tool, via its tube interior filling material can be introduced into the bore. The filler material may be pumped in particular by means of a pumping device into the bore. With the filler material or a volume loss can be compensated for, preferably, which can occur when creating the loosening bore. By introducing a settable filler material, the strength can be adjusted in the range of the loosening bore and a total of the anchoring of the foundation pipe can be further improved.

The invention is further described below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments which are schematically shown in the drawings. In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the invention in making a foundation according to the invention; and

Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of a which is introduced in accordance with the invention foundation tube.

According to Figure 1 to create a foundation in a bottom 3 a body of water 4 is shown. An inventive device 10 with a floating working platform 12 is first positioned at the desired position on a surface 6 of the water body. 4 four supports are lowered to the working platform 12 18 Subsequently, in a basically known manner, wherein the supports are anchored 18 in the bottom 3 of the body of water. 4 The working platform 12 can then be lifted. The apparatus 10 is used for introducing a foundation tube 1, which in particular serves as a foundation for an offshore wind energy plant. Such foundation tubes 1 have a diameter of several meters, in particular between 5 to 10 meters.

In front of a vertical driving or ramming of the foundation tube 1 in the ground 3, the base 3 is annularly loosened in the region of the wall of the foundation tube 1 by rotating drilling holes. 5 The holes 5 are thereby created by means of a drilling device 20 through which a preferably formed as an auger boring tool 22 is introduced at the desired locations in the soil. 3

In the illustrated embodiment, the drilling device 20 is a conventional mobile drilling rig with a movable undercarriage and a subsequent adjustable, in particular rotatably arranged superstructure with mast, along which a drilling drive mounted in a vertically adjustable for rotating the drilling tool 22nd The drilling apparatus 20 may be moved along a flat surface 13 on the work platform 12 to desired working positions. On the flat work surface 13 traversing a further auxiliary device 40 is shown. This can be used for handling the establishment of the pipe 1 or of the drilling tool 22nd Alternatively, another drill can be provided as an additional device 40 so that basically the drilling could be carried out twice as fast.

For an accurate sinking of the holes 5, which are shown schematically in Figure 2, an upper drill guide 14 for guiding the drilling tool 22 in the upper region is disposed along a vertical working passageway at the Arbeitsplattfornn 12th The drill guides 14, 15 are preferably formed as annular drilling templates. Within this upper drill guide 14 only schematically indicated ram mechanism 30 may be arranged for ramming of the foundation pipe. 1 For a particularly accurate guiding a lower drill guide 15 is provided with tubular guide means sixteenth The annular lower drill guide 15 can be lowered by means of lifting cables 17 of the work platform 12 to the bottom of the water body. 4

Alternatively, the ram assembly 30 may be arranged on a separate second working platform. In this case, the first work platform 12 is removed and the drilling apparatus 20 to create the holes 5 is replaced by the second working platform with the foundation tube 1 and the pile hammer 30th After appropriate positioning of the foundation tube 1 is then driven into the ground in the region of the bores 5 in the ground. 3

In this manner, a plurality of holes 5 annularly along an order-of fangs einzurammenden foundation tube 1 for loosening the bottom 3 can be provided. The annular arrangement of the holes 5 is shown schematically in FIG. 2 According to the illustrated embodiment, eight holes 5 are drilled into the ground. 3 the bores 5 passes through the holes 5 are annularly arranged along the order-of fangs introduced foundation tube 1, so that a wall of the foundation tube 1 are each approximately centrally. The holes 5 are created so that the removed soil material during drilling substantially remains in the bore. 5 In particular, in hard ground a significant loosening of the soil 3 is achieved by the holes. 5 This allows subsequently the foundation tube 1 at lower forces in the base 3 to collect or einzurammen.

In principle the holes can be touching or overlapping produced in an annular arrangement. 5 In the embodiment shown according to Figure 2, the holes 5 are formed spaced apart from each other, wherein a Bodenseg-

ment 7 with not fanned soil material remaining between the holes 5 with loosened soil material.

claims

1. A method for creating a foundation, wherein a foundation tube (1) in a floor (3) is driven into the ground,

characterized,

that prior to the ramming means of a drill tool (22), whose bore diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the foundation tube (1), at least one bore (5) into the ground in the circumferential region of the introduced foundation tube (1) is created, and

that remains during drilling worn soil material is substantially in the bore (5).

2 A method according to claim 1,

characterized,

that a plurality of bores (5) are created, which are annularly arranged in the bottom (3) along the circumference of the tube to be introduced foundation (1).

3. The method of claim 2,

characterized,

that the bores (5) are disposed touching or overlapping.

4. The method according to claim 2,

characterized,

that adjacent holes (5) are created with a distance from each other, wherein a bottom segment (7) between adjacent holes (5) remains.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized,

the at least one bore (5) is deposited to a depth drilled, which is less than or equal to the Einrammtiefe of the foundation tube is (1).

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

characterized,

establishing that the tube (1) is driven into the ground (3) by means of a pile hammer (30), which is designed as a striking hammers or an oscillating shaker.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,

characterized,

establishing that the tube (1) to form an underwater foundation in the bottom (3) of a water body (4) is driven.

8. The method according to claim 7,

characterized,

that the drilling tool (22) in rotation by a drilling device (20) is driven, which is adjustable along the periphery of the transferring foundation tube (1) on a working platform (12).

9. The method of claim 8,

characterized,

that the working platform (12) on the surface of the water body (4) floats, or is lowered onto the bottom of the water body.

10. The method of claim 8 or 9,

characterized,

that at least one annular drill guide (14, 15) is provided on the work platform (12) having corresponding to the positions of the introduced holes (5) guide means (16) for the drilling tool (22).

11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

characterized,

that is supplied during retraction of the drilling tool (220) out of the ground filler material, in particular a curable material, the bore (5).

12. establishing a foundation tube (1) which is driven into a bottom (3), especially by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that

that in the bottom (3) in the peripheral region of the foundation tube (1) before the pile driving at least one bore (5) is introduced, whose bore diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the foundation tube (1), and

the at least one bore (5) is filled with soil material, which is obtained when creating the hole (5).

13. An apparatus for creating a foundation with the foundation tube (1) in the bottom (3), in particular for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, with a working platform (12) with a ram mechanism (30) for ramming of the foundation pipe (1) into the ground (3),

characterized,

that a drilling device (20) is provided with drilling tool (22) on the work platform (12), whose bore diameter is substantially smaller than a diameter of the introduced foundation tube (1), and

that the drilling device (20) along a circumferential region of the einzurammenden foundation tube (1) is adjustable.

14. The apparatus of claim 13,

characterized,

is constructed that the work platform (12) to form an underwater foundation floating and / or lowered.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14,

characterized,

that the drilling device (20) comprises a tubular drill bit (22), via its tube interior filling material in the bore (5) can be introduced.