DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage devices, and more specifically relates to a method and a system for determining a state of health (SoH) of an electrochemical energy storage device.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Electromobility (E-mobility) has experienced rapid growth due to technological advancements and the increasing demand for sustainable energy sources, specifically electrochemical energy storage devices. The electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, lead-acid batteries, and nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries, are widely used for various applications. However, the performance of these batteries degrades significantly over time, also known as a degradation in a state of health (SoH) of the batteries. This degradation can be attributed to several factors such as aging, usage patterns, and environmental conditions. The batteries may still retain a significant amount of their original energy capacity even after reaching the end of their service life cycles. For example, when the batteries are used in electric vehicles (EVs), the batteries can retain approximately 80% of their initial energy capacity. To put this into perspective, for example, the number of EVs on the roads has been rapidly increasing, reaching millions in recent times. Looking ahead to the year 2030, it is estimated that the widespread adoption of EVs will lead to the availability of 100-200 gigawatt-hours of retired batteries. The batteries will need to be retired due to their inability to meet the required specifications for continued usage in the EVs. To grasp the magnitude of this volume (i.e., 100-200 gigawatt-hours of retired batteries), it is roughly equivalent to the current annual battery production. Consequently, repurposing the retired batteries for stationary storage offers a valuable opportunity to maximize their utility and address the growing need for energy storage solutions. By utilizing the retired batteries in stationary storage applications, their remaining energy capacity can still be effectively harnessed, contributing to sustainable energy practices and reducing the strain on new battery production.
[0003] Unfortunately, the retired batteries are often considered hazardous waste due to the presence of toxic contents and flammable properties in these batteries, leading to environmental concerns and potential liabilities. Nevertheless, forward-thinking stakeholders have recognized the value potential of the retired batteries. A growing industry focuses on extracting valuable raw materials through sophisticated recycling processes. Additionally, efforts are being made to identify various end-of-life (EOL) options or second-life battery applications (e.g., solar power inverters) for battery packs, modules, and cells. This approach aims to reduce storage costs and facilitate the integration of renewable power sources into the existing grid infrastructure. In this context, it becomes necessary to evaluate the feasibility of the second-life battery applications, considering technological aspects and the economic chain involved in refurbishing, reusing, and recycling these batteries. For evaluating the feasibility of the second-life battery applications, a fast and accurate battery testing method is required to facilitate such processes. Various conventional battery testing methods are available in accordance with the state of the art. However, the conventional battery testing methods are time-consuming and resource-intensive. Typically, such battery testing methods involve charging a single cell of the battery to full capacity (approximately 2 hours) and subsequently discharging the battery by 50% of the total capacity (requiring an additional 1 hour). This means that approximately 3.5 hours are required for testing the single cell of the battery, thereby hampering efficiency.
[0004] Thus, it is desired to address the above-mentioned disadvantages or other shortcomings and at least provide a useful alternative for fast charging and a non-destructive rapid testing process.
SUMMARY

[0005] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simplified format, that are further described in the detailed description of the invention. This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the invention nor is it intended for determining the scope of the invention.
[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for determining a state of health (SoH) of an electrochemical energy storage device is disclosed herein. The method includes applying, using a finite voltage source (e.g., supercapacitor), current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for a predetermined time interval. The method further includes measuring, upon applying the current impulses, an impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with a plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, a plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and a slope of a response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device. The method further includes determining, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device. The method further includes detecting a usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH.
[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an electronic device for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device is disclosed herein. The electronic device includes a system, wherein the system includes an SoH determination module coupled with a processor, a memory. The SoH determination module is configured to apply, using the finite voltage source, the current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval. The SoH determination module is further configured to measure, upon applying the current impulses, the impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, the plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and the slope of the response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module is further configured to determine, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module is further configured to detect usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH.
[0008] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for fast charging and non-destructive rapid testing of an electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device for fast charging and non-destructive rapid testing of the electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein;
[0013] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for categorizing the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein; and
[0014] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for storing a list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on a categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device, according to one or more embodiments as disclosed herein.
[0015] Further, skilled artisans will appreciate those elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0016] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
[0017] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
[0018] Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in one embodiment”, “in another embodiment”, and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
[0019] The terms “comprise”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components preceded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.
[0020] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Also, the various embodiments described herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. The term “or” as used herein, refers to a non-exclusive or unless otherwise indicated. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0021] As is traditional in the field, embodiments may be described and illustrated in terms of blocks that carry out a described function or functions. These blocks, which may be referred to herein as units or modules or the like, are physically implemented by analog or digital circuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits, or the like, and may optionally be driven by firmware and software. The circuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductor chips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and the like. The circuits constituting a block may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions of the block and a processor to perform other functions of the block. Each block of the embodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting and discrete blocks without departing from the scope of the invention. Likewise, the blocks of the embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to help easily understand various technical features and it should be understood that the embodiments presented herein are not limited by the accompanying drawings. As such, the present disclosure should be construed to extend to any alterations, equivalents, and substitutes in addition to those which are particularly set out in the accompanying drawings. Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are generally only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0023] Throughout this disclosure, the terms “cell”, “battery” and “electrochemical energy storage device” are used interchangeably and mean the same.
[0024] Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 to 5, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method (100) for fast charging and non-destructive rapid testing of an electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.
[0026] At step 101, the method (100) includes determining whether a capacitor voltage (Vcap) is less than a threshold voltage (Vth). At step 102, the method (100) includes charging a finite voltage source (e.g., supercapacitor) in response to determining that the capacitor voltage (Vcap) is less than a threshold voltage (Vth). At step 103, the method (100) includes applying current impulses (high current pulses) to an electrochemical energy storage device for a predetermined time interval (T-On, “on time”), and the electrochemical energy storage device is charged during the “TEST” time. Simultaneously, the finite voltage source is charged quickly and safely within its safe operating current range and its charge is replenished during a pulse “REST” time.
[0027] At step 104, the method (100) includes monitoring and storing, upon applying the current impulses, the electrochemical energy storage device Voltage Level (TVL), Finite Source Voltage Level (FVL), Current (Cu) drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device(T), Constant Current Drawn (Co), and Slope of Response(R), as described in conjunction with FIG.4 and FIG. 5.
[0028] At step 105, the method (100) includes redetermining whether the capacitor voltage (Vcap) is less than the threshold voltage (Vth), after completion of the predetermined time interval (T-On). At step 106, the method (100) includes standing by a T-Off (Toff, “off time”) in response to redetermining that the capacitor voltage (Vcap) is greater than the threshold voltage (Vth). After completion of the T-Off, the method (100) further includes applying current impulses (high current pulses) to the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval (T-On) and monitoring and storing, upon applying the current impulses, the TVL, the FVL, the Cu drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device, the Co, and the R, as described in conjunction with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
[0029] At steps 107 and 108, the method (100) includes charging the finite voltage source (e.g., supercapacitor) in response to redetermining that the capacitor voltage (Vcap) is less than the threshold voltage (Vth). The method (100) further includes determining whether a value of T is less than a value of the Toff. The method (100) further includes standing by the Toff, when the value of T is less than a value of the Toff. The method (100) further includes applying current impulses (high current pulses) to the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval (T-On) in response to determining that the value of T is greater than the value of the Toff. The method (100) further includes monitoring and storing, upon applying the current impulses, the TVL, the FVL, the Cu drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device, the Co, and the R, as described in conjunction with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
[0030] At step 109, the method (100) includes determining, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device (i.e., step 104), the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device. The method (100) further includes detecting usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH. In other words, the method (100) includes categorizing the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH, as described in conjunction with FIG. 4.
[0031] In one or more embodiments, during the test, the method (100) may apply short-duration impulses to the cell. After each impulse, there is a rest period where the cell is allowed to rest. In that rest time, the finite voltage source is allowed to replenish the charge which was utilized to provide the impulse up to the threshold. The current for the charging process is set in such a way that the voltage reaches the threshold within a shorter time than a total rest period, ensuring a smooth execution of the process. Once the charging is complete, there is some remaining time before starting a next impulse, referred to as a standby time. During this time, no activity occurs except for data monitoring. Herein, “T-off” represents “off time” for the test and “T-on” represents “on time” for the impulse.
[0032] In one or more embodiments, if the capacitor voltage has not dropped below the threshold voltage, the charging process is skipped, and the system directly enters the T-off/standby state. For example, if the capacitor voltage is still above the threshold, indicating sufficient charge, there is no need to recharge, and the standby period is initiated.
[0033] In one or more embodiments, if the time required to charge (T) is equal to or more than the “T-off” then the method (100) may directly start the impulse else if the time taken for the charging (T) is less than the “T-off” the process may enter the “T-off” (off mode) and after the completion of “T-off “, the impulse may start.
[0034] In one or more embodiments, “T-on” and “T-off” are pre-determined time intervals for the impulse and the rest which can be changed in a firmware.
[0035] In one or more embodiments, a value of “T-on” and “T-off” may vary based on a different type of cells.
[0036] In the disclosed method (100), the system’s hardware parameters can be adjusted when using the electrochemical energy storage device that has a maximum current drawing limit (denoted as “CuM”). The response of the electrochemical energy storage device during the testing is carefully examined and analyzed according to predetermined standards in order to calculate its State of Health (SoH). The analysis is based on the principles of Ohm's Law, which establishes a relationship between the Current (Cu) drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device and its Internal Resistance (IR). By measuring the current drawn by the device and considering its current drawing capacity (CuC), the internal resistance of the device can be determined.
[0037] In one or more embodiments, the system’s hardware parameters may include different types of cells with varying capacities, manufacturers, and chemistries. Each cell type has its own specifications, including a "C rating" that denotes the maximum safe current for charging and discharging the battery. Some cells can handle higher currents, while others have lower limits. To ensure the safe operation of the cells, it is necessary to adhere to the prescribed operating standards provided in the datasheet. Therefore, the maximum current amplitude of the impulse needs to be adjusted to match the specific battery type. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFETs) are used in the system to limit the current, and the input to the MOSFETs may be modified accordingly to control the current output. For instance, by adjusting the MOSFET input, may regulate the current flow to accommodate the requirements of different battery types.
[0038] For example, consider a scenario where the disclosed method (100) is applied to a battery management system for renewable energy storage. The disclosed method (100) is configured to continuously monitor the current drawn by the battery during charging and discharging cycles. By comparing the measured current with the maximum current drawing limit and analyzing the relationship between the current and the internal resistance of the battery, the disclosed method (100) may assess the SoH of the battery.
[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device (200) for fast charging and non-destructive rapid testing of the electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein. The electronic device (200) includes a system (201), wherein the system (201) includes a memory (201), a processor (202), a communicator (203), and a SoH determination module (240).
[0040] In an embodiment, the memory (210) stores instructions to be executed by the processor (220) for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device, as discussed throughout the disclosure. The memory (210) may include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements may include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories. In addition, the memory (210) may, in some examples, be considered a non-transitory storage medium. The term “non-transitory” may indicate that the storage medium is not embodied in a carrier wave or a propagated signal. However, the term “non-transitory” should not be interpreted as that the memory (210) is non-movable. In some examples, the memory (210) can be configured to store larger amounts of information than the memory. In certain examples, a non-transitory storage medium may store data that can, over time, change (e.g., in Random Access Memory (RAM) or cache). The memory (210) can be an internal storage unit, or it can be an external storage unit of the electronic device (200), a cloud storage, or any other type of external storage.
[0041] The processor (220) communicates with the memory (210), the communicator (230), and the SoH determination module (240). The processor (220) is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory (210) and to perform various processes for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device, as discussed throughout the disclosure. The processor (220) may include one or a plurality of processors, maybe a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), or the like, a graphics-only processing unit such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), a visual processing unit (VPU), and/or an Artificial Intelligence (AI) dedicated processor such as a neural processing unit (NPU).
[0042] The communicator (230) is configured for communicating internally between internal hardware components and with external devices (e.g., server) via one or more networks (e.g., radio technology). The communicator (230) includes an electronic circuit specific to a standard that enables wired or wireless communication.
[0043] The SoH determination module (240) is implemented by processing circuitry such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits, or the like, and may optionally be driven by firmware. The circuits may, for example, be embodied in one or more semiconductor chips, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards and the like.
[0044] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may apply, using the finite voltage source, the current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval (e.g., 2 seconds), which relates to step 103 of FIG. 1. The SoH determination module (240) then may measure, upon applying the current impulses, an impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with a plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, a plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and a slope of the response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device. The voltage-related parameters comprise the TVL and the FVL associated with the finite voltage source. The current-related parameters comprise the Cu drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module (240) then may detect usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH.
[0045] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may utilize the supercapacitor as the finite voltage source for fast charging of the electrochemical energy storage device, which relates to steps 102 and 107 of FIG. 1. Further, the SoH determination module (240) may determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device by performing a non-destructive rapid testing on the electrochemical energy storage device .
[0046] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed method involves a configuration where the voltage source is connected to the supercapacitor, and the supercapacitor is connected to the electrochemical energy storage device. The purpose of this setup is to enable efficient testing of the electrochemical energy storage device without placing excessive strain on the source and the electrochemical energy storage device (i.e., non-destructive rapid testing). Initially, the supercapacitor is charged by the voltage source. Then, the disclosed method proceeds to monitor the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device. By doing so, it can gather valuable data about the electrochemical energy storage device’s performance. When it comes to providing the necessary impulse to the electrochemical energy storage device, the method utilizes the energy stored in the supercapacitor rather than relying solely on the voltage source. This approach is taken because the source has a limited current drawing capacity. Drawing a current greater than what the source can handle may result in harm to the source, making it unsuitable for the testing process. Therefore, the supercapacitor acts as an intermediary, delivering the required impulse without straining the source.
[0047] An example scenario could be a test conducted on a large-scale battery used for energy storage in a renewable energy system. The source provides the initial charge to the supercapacitor, which efficiently stores the energy. The disclosed method then carefully monitors the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters of the battery during a rapid testing process. Instead of directly drawing current from the source, which could potentially damage it due to its limited capacity, the supercapacitor supplies the necessary impulse to the battery for testing purposes. This non-destructive rapid testing procedure helps evaluate the battery’s condition and performance without compromising the integrity of the source. Additionally, the supercapacitor’s ability to charge and discharge quickly compared to traditional capacitors allows for efficient testing procedures, stores more charge compared to traditional capacitors, and reduces overall testing time.
[0048] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may determine the response of one or more electrochemical energy storage devices based on the plurality of measured voltage-related parameters and the plurality of measured current-related parameters (as shown at step 104 of FIG. 1). The response of the one or more electrochemical energy storage devices during the testing process is analyzed based on pre-determined standards to determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage devices.
[0049] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may determine the voltage level of the finite voltage source. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine whether the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level ( as shown at step 101 of FIG. 1). The SoH determination module (240) then may perform one of the following,
a. Charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level, which relates to step 102 of FIG. 1; or
b. Applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level, which relates to step 103 of FIG. 1.
[0050] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may redetermine the voltage level of the finite voltage source after applying the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device, which relates to step 105 of FIG. 1. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine whether the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level. The SoH determination module (240) then may perform one of the following,
a. Charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level, which relates to step 107 of FIG. 1; or
b. Applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level, which relates to step 103 of FIG. 1.
[0051] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may generate a graph associated with the measured impulse response in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters, which relates to step 104 of FIG. 1. The SoH determination module (240) then may analyze the generated graph to categorize the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module (240) then may categorize, by utilizing a correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories, which relates to step 109 of FIG. 1. The SoH determination module (240) then may generate a list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device. The SoH determination module (240) then may store the generated list of the electrochemical energy storage device in a database (i.e., memory (210).
[0052] In one or more embodiments, the SoH determination module (240) may perform various functions to categorize the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into the one or more categories, which are mentioned below.
[0053] The SoH determination module (240) may determine one or more first threshold values for a first set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine one or more second threshold values for a second set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. The SoH determination module (240) then may store the one or more determined first threshold values and the one or more determined second threshold values into the database to test a third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine the voltage-related parameters and current-related parameters for each electrochemical energy storage device of the third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. The SoH determination module (240) then may compare the determined voltage-related parameters and the determined current-related parameters with the one or more stored first threshold values and the one or more stored second threshold values. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine a percentage SoH for each electrochemical energy storage device based on a result of the comparison. The SoH determination module (240) then may determine a category for each electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined percentage SoH, as described in conjunction with FIG.4 and FIG.5.
[0054] A function associated with the various components of the electronic device (200) may be performed through the non-volatile memory, the volatile memory, and the processor (220). One or a plurality of processors controls the processing of the input data in accordance with a predefined operating rule or AI model stored in the non-volatile memory and the volatile memory. The predefined operating rule or AI model is provided through training or learning. Here, being provided through learning means that, by applying a learning algorithm to a plurality of learning data, a predefined operating rule or AI model of the desired characteristic is made. The learning may be performed in a device itself in which AI according to an embodiment is performed, and/or may be implemented through a separate server/system. The learning algorithm is a method for training a predetermined target device (for example, a robot) using a plurality of learning data to cause, allow, or control the target device to decide or predict. Examples of learning algorithms include, but are not limited to, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning.
[0055] The AI model may consist of a plurality of neural network layers. Each layer has a plurality of weight values and performs a layer operation through a calculation of a previous layer and an operation of a plurality of weights. Examples of neural networks include, but are not limited to, convolutional neural network (CNN), deep neural network (DNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), deep belief network (DBN), bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and deep Q-networks.
[0056] Although FIG. 2 shows various hardware components of the electronic device (200), it is to be understood that other embodiments are not limited thereon. In other embodiments, the electronic device (200) may include less or more number of components. Further, the labels or names of the components are used only for illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of the invention. One or more components can be combined to perform the same or substantially similar functions for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device.
[0057] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method (300) for determining the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein.
[0058] At step 301, the method (300) includes applying, using the finite voltage source, current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval, which relates to step 103 of FIG. 1. At step 302, the method (300) includes measuring, upon applying the current impulses, the impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, the plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and the slope of response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device, which relates to step 104 of FIG. 1. At step 303, the method (300) includes determining, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device, which relates to step 109 of FIG. 1. At step 304, the method (300) includes detecting usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH, which relates to step 109 of FIG. 1.
[0059] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method (400) for categorizing the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories, according to an embodiment as disclosed herein. Steps 401 to 407 may relate to steps 104 and 109 of FIG.1
[0060] At step 401, the method (400) includes determining the one or more first threshold values for the first set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. At step 402, the method (400) includes determining the one or more second threshold values for the second set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. At step 403, the method (400) includes storing the one or more determined first threshold values and the one or more determined second threshold values into the database to test the third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices.
[0061] At step 404, the method (400) includes determining the voltage-related parameters and current-related parameters for each electrochemical energy storage device of the third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices. At step 405, the method (400) includes comparing the determined voltage-related parameters and the determined current-related parameters with the one or more stored first threshold values and the one or more stored second threshold values. At step 406, the method (400) includes determining the percentage of SoH to each electrochemical energy storage device based on a result of the comparison. At step 407, the method (400) includes determining the category for each electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined percentage SoH.
[0062] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed method (400) involves the use of certified good (100% state of health - SoH) and bad (low SoH) cells to establish the correlation model. These certified cells are tested using the disclosed method (400), and the recorded data serves as a reference threshold (i.e., first threshold values and second threshold values). The first threshold values are associated with the certified good cells and the second threshold values are associated with the bad cells. Further, the first threshold values are higher than the second threshold values. This calibration process takes place at a testing station. Once this initial calibration is completed, any cell of the same chemistry and capacity can be tested, and its SoH can be determined by comparing its test results to the established threshold values.
[0063] The established threshold values are loaded into the testing station, which analyzes the current drawn by the cell and its voltage levels. Based on these measurements, the cell is placed within the appropriate range of threshold values and then segregated into different categories based on the test results. For example,
a. Cells with an SoH from 0% to 60% may be categorized as “Fail” (F);
b. Cells with an SoH from 60% to 80% as “C”;
c. Cells with an SoH from 80% to 90% as “B”; and
d. Cells with an SoH from 90% to 100% as “A”.
[0064] The segregated cells are placed in different bins, and the bin information is attached to the cell’s barcode. For example, in a battery manufacturing facility, the disclosed method (400) can be applied to test different types of lithium-ion batteries. The certified good cells with known high SoH are tested alongside cells with known low SoH. The data collected from these tests are used to establish the reference threshold for determining the SoH of other cells during the production process. This ensures that only cells meeting the desired SoH criteria are further processed and used in the production of battery packs, while the cells falling below the threshold are rejected. The segregation and labeling of the cells based on their SoH categories allow for efficient sorting and quality control throughout the production line.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, these category thresholds are predefined based on the different types of cells to be tested. To ensure redundancy, some of the segregated cells are randomly selected and tested using the conventional testing method. The test results are associated with the barcode of the corresponding cell, and a graph is plotted and stored in a local or cloud-based database.
[0066] In general, the decrease in the SoH of the cell is primarily attributed to an increase in its internal resistance. This increase in resistance can be caused by various factors such as excessive heat, improper use of the battery, inadequate storage conditions, or insufficient cooling. Since the cell functions as the voltage source, its internal resistance cannot be directly measured.
[0067] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed method (400) involves a novel approach that has been developed to utilize the cell as a load (sink) and establish the correlation model between the currents drawn by the cell from the finite voltage source and its SoH. By analyzing the current drawn by the cell under controlled conditions, it becomes possible to indirectly assess its internal resistance and infer its SoH.
[0068] For example, consider a scenario where the disclosed method (400) is implemented in a battery monitoring system for electric vehicles. The disclosed method (400) continuously monitors the currents drawn by the cell during charging and discharging cycles. By analyzing the patterns and magnitudes of these currents, the disclosed method (400) may evaluate the internal resistance and determine the SoH of the cell. If the cell exhibits a high internal resistance, it indicates a reduced SoH, prompting the disclosed method (400) to provide alerts or take appropriate actions, such as adjusting the charging parameters or recommending cell replacement.
[0069] By leveraging the relationship between the currents drawn by the cell and its SoH, the disclosed method (400) enables effective monitoring and assessment of cell health without the need for direct measurement of internal resistance. This approach allows for timely maintenance and replacement of cells, optimizing their performance and prolonging their lifespan.
[0070] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method (500) for storing the list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device. Steps 501 to 505 may relate to steps 104 and 109 of the FIG.1
[0071] At step 501, the method (500) includes generating the graph associated with the measured impulse response in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters. At step 502, the method (500) includes analyzing the generated graph to categorize the electrochemical energy storage device. At step 503, the method (500) includes categorizing, by utilizing the correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories. At step 504, the method (500) includes generating the list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device. At step 505, the method (500) includes storing the generated list of the electrochemical energy storage device in the database.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed system may include a material handling system, wherein the material handling system may include a loading mechanism, a barcode station, a testing station, a sorting station, and a storing station. In the material handling system, one of the key components is the loading mechanism designed to handle cells (i.e., electrochemical energy storage device). The loading mechanism has been developed, for example, which includes a hopper capable of holding a large volume of cells at once. To accommodate a higher capacity, the hopper's volume can be increased by extending its walls. The cells are then loaded onto a grooved wheel, which transfers them onto a conveyor system. The loading mechanism, comprising the hopper and rotating wheel, enables the cells to be loaded onto the conveyor system one by one. The rate of loading can be adjusted by controlling the speed of the wheel.
[0073] Once loaded onto the conveyor system, the cells are transported to various stations within the material handling system. At the barcode station, a unique barcode is applied to each cell, and the applied unique barcode is utilized at different stations such as the testing station and storing station to store test measurements and other related information in the database, which may further use for categorization, by using the sorting station. At the testing station, a holding mechanism is implemented to secure the cells in the correct position. This holding mechanism restricts the movement of the cells in both vertical and horizontal directions, ensuring their stability during testing. To conduct the testing process, a system of probes is attached to the terminals of the cells. These probes facilitate the testing of a batch of cells on a single testing station, streamlining the testing procedure. Multiple testing stations can be arranged to accommodate the testing of multiple batches simultaneously, allowing for continuous testing and reducing overall processing time. The system of probes attached to the cell terminals facilitates the testing of a batch of cells, providing valuable data on their performance and quality.
[0074] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed method offers several advantages in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices. Firstly, the disclosed method is capable of detecting the state of the energy capacity of secondary electrochemical energy storage devices (i.e., rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices), regardless of their chemical composition. The disclosed method achieves this detection in the shortest possible time, typically in a matter of seconds, while maintaining accuracy levels comparable to conventional test results. Furthermore, the disclosed method optimizes the use of finite energy sources by utilizing them to categorize the electrochemical energy storage device under test. By efficiently utilizing the available energy, the disclosed method enables efficient testing and categorization of the electrochemical energy storage devices.
[0075] Additionally, the disclosed method categorizes the tested electrochemical energy storage devices based on their state of energy capacity. This categorization is valuable in determining appropriate end-of-life (EOL) options or identifying potential second-life battery applications for these devices. By providing insights into the energy capacity state, the disclosed method assists in making informed decisions regarding the future use or treatment of the tested electrochemical energy storage devices.
[0076] Moreover, the disclosed method offers a means to determine the optimal end-of-life option for used or worn-out the electrochemical energy storage devices. This determination is cost-effective, as it allows for the efficient utilization of the electrochemical energy storage devices based on their condition. The disclosed method is designed to be user-friendly and easy to understand, featuring a simple design that is portable and can be easily configured for different applications. By combining these advantages, the disclosed method presents a valuable solution in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices, offering efficient and accurate testing, categorization, and determination of optimal end-of-life options.
[0077] In one or more embodiments, the disclosed method offers several additional advantages in the field of cell testing technology, which are mentioned below.
a. Time reduction: The disclosed method significantly reduces the time required to test a single cell compared to conventional methods.
b. Non-destructive testing: The impulses provided in the disclosed method are of very short duration, ensuring that the cell remains unharmed and undamaged during the testing process.
c. Utilization of the supercapacitors: The supercapacitors are employed to deliver the current impulse, enhancing the power efficiency of the testing process.
d. Power efficiency: The disclosed method requires less power consumption compared to conventional methods. Instead of charging each cell to a 100% state of charge (SoC) and discharging it steadily, the disclosed method involves providing, for example, three to four short-duration impulses and computing the results.
e. Simplified calculation: Unlike the conventional methods that rely on complex calculus equations to determine the SoH, the disclosed method eliminates the need for heavy computing power, making the process easier to automate.
f. Chemistry-independent categorization: The disclosed method enables the categorization of the cells regardless of their chemical composition, providing a chemistry-independent process for cell classification.
[0078] In one or more embodiments, in situations where excessive cell heating is detected by the disclosed method while a test results indicate the cell’s high quality, these contradictory outcomes may warrant sorting the cell into a scrutiny bin for further verification using conventional methods. This approach presents an advantageous solution, emphasizing the importance of temperature monitoring throughout cell operation/test operation.
[0079] The various actions, acts, blocks, steps, or the like in the flow diagrams may be performed in the order presented, in a different order, or simultaneously. Further, in some embodiments, some of the actions, acts, blocks, steps, or the like may be omitted, added, modified, skipped, or the like without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0080] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ordinary skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
[0081] While specific language has been used to describe the present subject matter, any limitations arising on account thereto, are not intended. As would be apparent to a person in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method to implement the inventive concept as taught herein. The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment.
[0082] The embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using at least one hardware device and performing network management functions to control the elements.
[0083] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the scope of the embodiments as described herein. ,CLAIMS:1. A method (300) for determining a state of health (SoH) of an electrochemical energy storage device, the method (300) comprising:
applying (301), using a finite voltage source, current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for a predetermined time interval;
measuring (302), upon applying the current impulses, an impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with a plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, a plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and a slope of a response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device;
determining (303), based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
detecting (304) a usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH.

2. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method (300) comprises:
utilizing a supercapacitor as the finite voltage source for a fast charging of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
performing a non-destructive rapid testing on the electrochemical energy storage device to determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device.

3. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage-related parameters comprise an electrochemical energy storage device voltage level (TVL) and a finite source voltage level (FVL) associated with the finite voltage source, and wherein the current-related parameters comprise a current (Cu) drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device.

4. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the response of the electrochemical energy storage comprises:
determining the response of one or more electrochemical energy storage devices based on the, the plurality of measured voltage-related parameters, and the plurality of measured current-related parameters, wherein the response of the one or more electrochemical energy storage devices during the testing process is analyzed based on pre-determined standards to determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage devices.

5. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method (300) comprises:
determining a voltage level of the finite voltage source ;
determining whether the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than a threshold voltage level; and
performing one of:
charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level; or
applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level.

6. The method (300) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method (300) further comprises:
re-determining the voltage level of the finite voltage source after applying the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device;
determining whether the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level; and
performing one of:
charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to be determining that the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level; or
applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level.

7. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method (300) comprises:
generating a graph associated with the measured impulse response in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters;
analyzing the generated graph to categorize the electrochemical energy storage device;
categorizing, by utilizing a correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories;
generating a list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
storing the generated list of the electrochemical energy storage device in a database.

8. The method (300) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the categorizing, by utilizing the correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into the one or more categories:
determining one or more first threshold values for a first set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
determining one or more second threshold values for a second set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
storing the one or more determined first threshold values and the one or more determined second threshold values into the database to test a third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
determining the voltage-related parameters and current-related parameters for each electrochemical energy storage device of the third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
comparing the determined voltage-related parameters and the determined current-related parameters with the one or more stored first threshold values and the one or more stored second threshold values;
determining a percentage SoH to each electrochemical energy storage device based on a result of comparison; and
determining a category for each electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined percentage SoH.
9. A system (201) for determining a state of health (SoH) of an electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the system (201) comprising:
a memory (210);
a processor (220) that includes an SoH determination module (240), wherein the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
apply, using a finite voltage source, current impulses to the electrochemical energy storage device for a predetermined time interval;
measure, upon applying the current impulses, an impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device in connection with a plurality of voltage-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, a plurality of current-related parameters associated with the electrochemical energy storage device, and a slope of a response corresponding to the electrochemical energy storage device;
determine, based on the measured impulse response of the electrochemical energy storage device, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
detect a usability of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined SoH.

10. The system (201) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
utilize a supercapacitor as the finite voltage source for a fast charging of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
perform a non-destructive rapid testing on the electrochemical energy storage device to determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device.

11. The system (201) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the voltage-related parameters comprise an electrochemical energy storage device voltage level (TVL) and a finite source voltage level (FVL) associated with the finite voltage source, and wherein the current-related parameters comprise a current (Cu) drawn by the electrochemical energy storage device.

12. The system (201) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the response of the electrochemical energy storage, the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
determine the response of one or more electrochemical energy storage devices based on the, the plurality of measured voltage-related parameters, and the plurality of measured current-related parameters, wherein the response of the one or more electrochemical energy storage devices during the testing process is analyzed based on pre-determined standards to determine the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage devices.

13. The system (201) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
determine a voltage level of the finite voltage source ;
determine whether the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than a threshold voltage level; and
perform one of:
charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level; or
applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level.

14. The system (201) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the SoH determination module (240) is further configured to:
re-determine the voltage level of the finite voltage source after applying the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device;
determine whether the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level; and
perform one of:
charging the finite voltage source using a constant current source in response to be determining that the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is less than the threshold voltage level; or
applying, via the finite voltage source, the current impulses on the electrochemical energy storage device for the predetermined time interval in response to determining that the re-determined voltage level of the finite voltage source is greater than the threshold voltage level.

15. The system (201) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
generate a graph associated with the measured impulse response in connection with the plurality of voltage-related parameters and the plurality of current-related parameters;
analyze the generated graph to categorize the electrochemical energy storage device;
categorize, by utilizing a correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into one or more categories;
generate a list of the electrochemical energy storage device based on the categorization of the electrochemical energy storage device; and
store the generated list of the electrochemical energy storage device in a database.

16. The system (201) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the categorize, by utilizing the correlation model, the SoH of the electrochemical energy storage device into the one or more categories, the SoH determination module (240) is configured to:
determine one or more first threshold values for a first set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
determine one or more second threshold values for a second set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
store the one or more determined first threshold values and the one or more determined second threshold values into the database to test a third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
determine the voltage-related parameters and current-related parameters for each electrochemical energy storage device of the third set of the electrochemical energy storage devices;
compare the determined voltage-related parameters and the determined current-related parameters with the one or more stored first threshold values and the one or more stored second threshold values;
determine a percentage SoH to each electrochemical energy storage device based on a result of comparison; and
determine a category for each electrochemical energy storage device based on the determined percentage SoH.