METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING DYNAMIC IMAGES TO A USER ON A PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Image signal processing. More particularly, the present invention relates to provide dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Often, a portable electronic device is used to capture an image. The image captured can be stored in at least one of an image format, for example, joint pictures expert group (JPEG), portable network graphics (PNG) and Bitmap in a memory of the portable electronic device. Typically the image stored in the memory of the portable electronic device may further be displayed on one or more display devices. The display devices include but are not limited to a computer, a television and a digital photo frame.
[0003] In the existing technique, when a user attempts to resize or rescale the stored image in the portable electronic device the quality of the image may be degraded. The quality of the image depends on one or more factors, for example, sharpness, contrast, brightness, and color accuracy. Further in the existing technique, when a user attempts to display the image on the one or more display devices of different resolutions then the image clarity is deterred. Consider an example of a display device of resolution 128 x 128 and another display device of resolution 176 x 220. The user tries to open the image of size 1024 x 1024 in both the display devices, but the image is displayed with a difference in clarity. The clarity of the printed images may be deterred, when a user attempts to print the image in a resolution greater that of the image.

[0004] Further, the in^age captured by the user may not be available for text formatting which includes text search, addition, deletion and modification of text in the image.
[0005] Furthermore in the existing technique, the plurality of devices may be unable to render the user to open the image other than the image format. Moreover a lot of memory is consumed for storing the image in the portable electronic device in the existing technique. In light of the foregoing discussion, there is a need for a method and system to solve the above mentioned problems.
SUMMARY
[0006] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and system for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device.
[0007] In one exemplary embodiment, a method for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device includes capturing one or more images by the portable electronic device. The method further includes processing a Bayer pattern image, the Bayer pattern image corresponds to at least one captured image. Furthermore, the method includes identifying synthetic and non-synthetic images associated with the processed images to generate Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content based images. The SVG content based images generated are the dynamic images.
[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, a system includes a portable electronic device for providing dynamic images to a user. The portable electronic device includes an image sensor for capturing one or more images. The portable electronic device further includes a processor responsive to the instructions for processing a Bayer pattern image, the Bayer pattern image corresponds to at least one captured image and is obtained from the image sensor. The processor responsive to the instructions is further used for identifying synthetic images and non-synthetic images associated with the processed images using

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content generator to generate SVG content based images. The SVG content generator is present in the processor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a portable electronic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a portable electronic device, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an image signal processing unit and a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content generator in the portable electronic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
[0013] FIGS. Sa-FIG. 5b illustrates a flowchart for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
[0014] FIGS 6a-FIG. 6b show screen shots of an image consisting of a synthetic image and a non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) code in a portable electronic device, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
[0015] FIGS. 7a-FIG. 7b show screen shots of an image consisting of only non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) code in a portable electronic device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
[0016] FIGS. 8a-FIG. 8b show screen shots of an image consisting of only non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) code in a

portable electronic device, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
[0017] FIG. 9 show screen shots for composing multiple images captured from a portable electronic device and then converted to SVG animation based file, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device.
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a portable electronic device 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0020] The portable electronic device 100 includes a camera 105. The camera 105 includes a lens 110, an image sensor 115 and an image signal processing unit 120. The lens 110 of the camera 105 is used for adjusting distance of the image that needs to be captured. The image sensor 115 of the camera 105 is used for capturing one or more images. The Bayer pattern image corresponding to at least one of the captured image is further fed to an image signal processing unit 120 to obtain a processed image.
[0021] The portable electronic device 100 includes a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content generator 125 for separating synthetic and non-synthetic images from the processed image. After separation of synthetic and non-synthetic image, the SVG content generator 125 outputs the image in a SVG file format. The image is further saved in the SVG file format as illustrated in 135. The portable electronic device 100 also includes an image viewer application 130 for displaying the processed image provided by the SVG content generator 125.
[0022] In one embodiment, the image viewer application is a software module used for displaying the images of SVG file format.

[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
[0024] The portable electronic device 100 includes the camera 105, a processor 210, a memory 215, a storage unit 220, a display unit 225, a cursor control 230 and an input device 235. Examples of the portable electronic device 100 include, but are not limited to a camera, a computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone with a camera.
[0025] The camera 105 includes the image sensor 115 for capturing one or more images by the portable electronic device 100. The camera 105 further includes a Bayer filter 205, which receives the captured image as input and outputs the Bayer pattern image.
[0026] The camera 105 also includes the image signal processing unit 120 for obtaining the processed image from the Bayer pattern image.
[0027] The portable electronic device 100 includes the processor 210 responsive to the instructions for processing the Bayer pattern image corresponding to at least one captured image obtained from the image sensor 115. The processor 210 further includes the SVG content generator 125 for identifying synthetic images and non-synthetic images associated with the processed images and to generate the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content based images. The SVG content generator 125 also provides the SVG content based images to the user. The SVG content based images is at least one of SVG files containing the non-synthetic images, synthetic images and a combination of both non-synthetic images and the synthetic images. It will be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the SVG content based images may also include an animated SVG file containing only non-synthetic images, synthetic images and a combination of both non-synthetic images and the synthetic images.
[0028] The portable electronic device 100 includes the memory 215 for storing one or more instructions fed by the user to view the dynamic images in the SVG file format.

[0029] The portable electronic device 100 includes the storage unit 220 for storing the dynamic images in the SVG file format.
[0030] The portable electronic device 100 includes the display unit 225 for displaying the image captured by the camera 105 in the SVG file format. An example of the display unit 225 includes, but is not limited to a liquid crystal display (LCD).
[0031] The portable electronic device 100 includes the cursor control 230. In some embodiments, the cursor control 230, for example a mouse, a trackball, a joystick, or cursor direction keys are used for communicating information to the portable electronic device 100. The portable electronic device 100 includes the input device 235. The input device 235 includes one or more navigational keys, for communicating information to the portable electronic device 100. The information relates to the dynamic images captured by the camera 105. The information can be communicated to the processor 210 from a machine-readable medium. The term machine-readable medium can be defined as a medium providing data to a machine to enable the machine to perform a specific function. The machine-readable medium can be a storage media. All such media must be tangible to enable the instructions carried by the media to be detected by a physical mechanism that reads the instructions into the machine.
[0032] In one embodiment, the SVG content generator 125 includes the display unit 225 for displaying the dynamic images to the user in the SVG file format.
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of the image signal processing unit 120 and the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content generator 125 in the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0034] It will be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art, that the steps need not be performed in the same sequence. Further, such a person would appreciate any change in the execution of these steps.
[0035] The Image Signal Processing unit 120 includes a Black Level Adjustment module 310, a lens shading correction module 315, a defect pixel correction module 320, a noise reduction module 325, a De-mosaic interpolation module 330, a color correction

module 335, a gamma correction module 340, an edge enhancement module 345, a chrominance suppression module 350, and a contrast and brightness enhancement module 355.
[0036] The Bayer pattern image 305 captured from the image sensor 115 of the camera 105 is fed to the Image Signal Processing unit 120 to obtain a processed image. The black level adjustment module 310 is used for making a black pixel to be true black and optimize the dynamic range of pixel values in the image captured. The lens shading correction module 315 is used for making image illumination more uniform across the field of view. The defect pixel correction module 320 is used for removing defect pixels noise in the image. The defect pixel is of three types namely, a hot pixel, a dead pixel, and a stuck pixel. The noise reduction module 325 is used for preventing the noise been magnified and reduce noise associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image 305. The de-mosaic interpolation module 330 performs interpolation on the Bayer pattern image 305 by interpolating two missing color component of each pixel based on the available neighbor pixels. The color correction module 335 adjusts the relative level of green, red and blue pixels for more accurate colors in the image. The gamma correction module 340 reproduces a linear image on the display unit 225 of the portable electronic device 100. The edge enhancement module 345 increases the sharpness of the image. The chrominance suppression module 345 is used for suppressing the chrominance associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image. The Contrast and Brightness module 355 modifies the brightness and contrast of the image to the required level. The processed image received from the image processing unit 120 is then fed into the SVG generator unit 125 to output an image in the SVG file format.
[0037] The SVG content generator 125 includes a color to gray converter module 360, a contour finder 365, a contour boundary point detector module 370, a SVG geometric element verifier 375, a non-synthetic compression module 380, a Synthetic SVG geometric element module 385 and a SVG composer 390.
[0038] The color to gray converter module 360 is used for converting the processed images into gray scale. The contour finder module 365 finds the boundary points of each

shape in the image and labels the one or more shapes. The contour boundary point detector module 370 then segments the processed images by detecting contour boundary points associated with the processed images using one or more edge detection techniques. The processed images being the gray scaled images. The SVG geometric element verifier module 375 identifies the processed images as the synthetic images, if the contour boundary points contain at least one shape element. The SVG geometric element verifier module 375 includes one or more shape verification algorithms, which verifies a given shape. The SVG includes one or more of shape elements, for example, rectangles created with the 'reef element, circles created with the 'circle' element, ellipses created with the 'ellipse' element, straight lines created with the line' element, polylines created with the 'polyline' element. If the contour boundary point does not contain any shape elements then the processed images is identified as the non-synthetic images. The non-synthetic compression module 380 receives the non-synthetic data (non-synthetic image) and outputs a compressed non-synthetic data (compressed non-synthetic image). The Synthetic SVG geometric element module 385 matches the output shape of the Shape verification algorithms with the SVG elements and further represents it by the SVG elements. The SVG composer 390 receives the synthetic and non-synthetic data as input and outputs the SVG file as illustrated in 135. The SVG file 135 can include only the non-synthetic data or only the synthetic data or a combination of both synthetic and non-synthetic data.
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart for providing dynamic images to a user on the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
[0040] At step 405, the method starts.
[0041] At step 410, one or more images are captured by the portable electronic device 100.
[0042] At step 415, the Bayer pattem image 305 corresponding to at least one captured image is processed.

[0043] At step 420, synthetic and non-synthetic images associated with the processed images are identified and the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content based images are generated.
[0044] At step 425, the SVG content based images are provided to the user. The SVG content based images being the dynamic images.
[0045] The method stops at step 430.
[0046] FIG.4 has been explained in great detail in conjunction with the following drawings.
[0047] FIGS. 5a-FIG. 5b illustrates a flowchart for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device 100, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
[0048] At step 505, the method starts.
[0049] At step 510, one or more images are captured by the portable electronic device 100.
[0050] At step 515, the Bayer pattern image 305 corresponding to at least one captured image is processed. The processor 210 responsive to the instructions is used for processing the Bayer pattern image 305 corresponding to at least one captured image obtained from the image sensor 115.
[0051] At step 520, interpolation is performed on the Bayer pattern image 305. The de-mosaic interpolation module 330 performs interpolation on the Bayer pattern image 305 by interpolating two missing color component of each pixel based on the available neighbor pixels.
[0052] At step 525, the noise associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image 305 is reduced. The noise reduction module 325 is used for reducing the noise associated with the interpolated data.

[0053] At step 530, the chrominance associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image is suppressed. The chrominance suppression module 350 of the image processing unit 120 is used for suppressing the chrominance associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image.
[0054] It will be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art, that the steps from 520 to the step 530 need not be performed in the same sequence.
[0055] At step 535, the processed images are converted into gray scale. The color to gray converter module 360 of the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) SVG generator 125 is used for converting the processed images into a gray scale image.
[0056] At step 540, the processed images are segmented by detecting contour boundary points associated with the processed images using one or more edge detecti(»i techniques. The processed images being the gray scaled images. The contour boundary point detector module 370 is used for segmenting the processed images by detecting contour boundary points associated with the processed images using one or more edge detection techniques.
[0057] In some embodiments, the gray scale image is enhanced using histogram equalization and edge detection technique. It will be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that other knows techniques for image processing can be used. In the histogram equalization technique, the contrast of the image is increased to produce the image with high clarity and then the images are segmented using various edge detection techniques. An example of an edge technique is a Sobel edge detector.
[0058] At step 545, a check is performed to verify if the contour boundary points in the processed image contain at least one shape element. If the contour boundary points in the processed image contain the at least one shape element then step 550 is performed else 555 is performed. The SVG geometric element verifier module 375 identifies the processed images as the synthetic images, if the contour boundary points contain the at least one shape element corresponding to SVG supported elements. The SVG content includes one or more shape elements, for example, rectangles created with the Vect'

element, circles created with the 'circle' element, ellipses created with the 'ellipse' element, straight lines created with the line' element, polylines created with the 'polyline' element, polygons created with the 'polygon' element and path, created with 'path' element.
[0059] In some embodiments, the SVG geometric element verifier module 375 includes one or more shape verification algorithms, which verifies a given shape.
[0060] At step 550, if the contour boundary points in the processed image contain at least one shape element in step 545 then the processed image is identified as the synthetic image.
[0061] At step 555, if the contour boundary point in the processed image does not contain at least one shape element in step 545 then the processed image is identified as the non-synthetic image.
[0062] At step 560, if processed image is identified as the non-synthetic image then the identified the non-synthetic image is compressed. The non-synthetic compression module 380 is used for compressing the identified non-synthetic data.
[0063] At step 565, the SVG content based images are provided to the user. The SVG content based images are the dynamic images. The SVG content based images are dynamic images as the dimensions of the images can be modified by the user of the potable electronic device 100 without altering the quality of the image as saved in the SVG file format, hi another terms the SVG content based images are scalable and require less storage space in the portable electronic device 100. The images saved in the SVG file format can be resized, zoomed in or zoomed out based on the requirements of the user.
[0064] The SVG content generator 125 includes the display unit 225 to display the dynamic images in the SVG file format.
[0065] The method stops at step 570.
[0066] FIGS. 6a-FIG. 6b show screen shots of an image consisting of a synthetic image and a non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language

(XML) code in the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
[0067] An image 605 includes a combination of a synthetic image 610 and a non-synthetic image 615. The Synthetic image 610 is identified from the image 605 based on segmented one or more geometric shapes, for example, the one or more geometric shapes include a rectangle with a sharp comer or a rectangle with rounded corner, a circle, an ellipse, a straight line, a polyline and a polygon. The one or more basic geometric shapes are recognised and supported by a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) geometric element verifier 375. The one or more basic geometric shapes are equivalent to an element known as a path that is used to construct the same one or more basic geometric shapes. The geometric shapes once constructed can be stroked or filled in with corresponding colours submitted by the Contrast and brightness enhancement 355.
[0068] The non-synthetic image 615 is the image that cannot be segmented into at least one of basic geometric shapes. Hence the non-synthetic image cannot be recognized by the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) geometric element verifier 375. The non-synthetic image 615 can also be a combination of two or more synthetic images 610 that are inseparable. The non-synthetic images are further compressed using a lossy or a lossless compression technique by the non-synthetic composer 380 and are stored in the storage unit 220 of the portable electronic device 100. The synthetic image 610 and non-synthetic image 615 are stored in the SVG format.
[0069] In the lossy compression technique, the image is compressed for reducing size of the image, but at the cost of losing some information of the image. For example, multiple image network graphics (MNG) and tagged image file format (TDFF). In the lossless compression format the image is compressed, but there is no loss of information of the image. For example, portable network graphics (PNG) and graphic interchange format (GIF).
[0070] An Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation of the synthetic image 610 is illustrated in 620. The details of the synthetic image 610 include SVG command

for the geometric shape, two dimensional pixel coordinates, height, width, stroke colour, stroke width and fill colour. Consider an example of a synthetic image in which a rectangle is represented by a XML code whose details can be a SVG command 'reef, with two dimensional pixel coordinates xl=:100, yl=10, x2=100, y2= 175, stroke by a white colour and with a stroke width of 15.
[0071] The Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation of the non-synthetic image 615 is as illustrated in 625, which includes the pixel details of the non-synthetic image. The XML code 625 for the non-synthetic image 615 also includes details of the pixel coordinates, height, and width and compression format used to compress the image. Consider an example of the non-synthetic image with a representation in a XML format, the details can include image coordinates x=112 and y =75, dimensions that include width= 40 and height = 40, compression format as joint pictures expert group (JPEG).
[0072] FIGS. 7a-FlG. 7b show screen shots of an image consisting of only non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) code in the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0073] Consider an example, a user captures an absolute non-synthetic image from the camera 105 of the portable electronic device 100. The Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) geometric element verifier module 375 identifies the processed images as the non-synthetic images, if the contour boundary points does not contain the at least one shape element. The non-synthetic image 705 is then saved as the SVG file 135.
[0074] The Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation of the non-synthetic image 705 is as illustrated in 710, which includes the pixel details of the non-synthetic image. The XML code 710 for the non-synthetic image 705 includes details of the two dimensional coordinates, dimensions, and compression technique used in non-synthetic compression module 380. The XML code of the non-synthetic image 705 also includes pixel details as illustrated in 710.

[0075] FIGS. 8a-FIG. 8b show screen shots of an image consisting of only non-synthetic image with corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) code in the portable electronic device 100, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; and
[0076] Consider an example, a user captures an absolute synthetic image from the camera 105 of the portable electronic device 100. The Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) geometric element verifier module 375 identifies the processed images as the synthetic images, if the contour boundary points contains the at least one shape element, for example, a circle 810, and a line 815. The synthetic image 705 is then saved as the SVG file 135.
[0077] The Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation of the synthetic image 805 is as illustrated in 820, which includes the SVG command for the geometric shape verified, two dimensional pixel coordinates, height, width, stroke width , stroke color, fill color, font size and font type of the text identified.
[0078] FIG. 9 show screen shots for composing multiple images captured from the portable electronic device 100 and then converted to SVG animation based file, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0079] Consider an example, a user captures a plurality of images, for example, an image 905, an image 910, an image 915 and an image 920 from the camera 105 of the portable electronic device 100. The plurality of images is stored in the storage unit 220. The user of the portable electronic device 100 can rearrange the image 905, the image 910, the 915 and the image 920 in a random sequence as illustrated in 925. The rearrangement can be done irrespective of the capture time of the images and can compile into a single animated file as illustrated in 925.The animated file 925 is a known animated SVG file.
[0080] Various exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a method and system for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device 100. The SVG content based images are dynamic images as the dimensions of the images can be

modified by the user of the potable electronic device 100 without altering the quality of the image. The images saved in the SVG file format can be resized, zoomed in or zoomed out based on the requirements of the user. The quality of the image is retained irrespective of resizing the image by the user. Further the image is stored in the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format, which consumes considerably less storage space. The images stored in SVG format can be printed with high quality at any resolution. The SVG is an open standard and hence operates in a plurality of devices. Moreover, text content in the image can be easily identified and modified.
[0081] In the present specification, the present invention and its advantages have been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, it will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and changes can be made, without departing from the scope of the present invention, as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrative examples of the present invention, rather than in restrictive sense. All such possible modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

We claim;
1. A method for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device, the
method comprising:
capturing one or more images by the portable electronic device;
processing a Bayer pattern image, the Bayer pattern image corresponds to at least
one captured image;
identifying synthetic images and non-synthetic images associated with the
processed images to generate a SVG content based images; and
providing the SVG content based images to the user, the SVG content based
images being the dynamic images.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing the Bayer pattern image
comprises one or more steps of:
performing interpolation on the Bayer pattern image;
reducing noise associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image; and
suppressing chrominance associated with the interpolated Bayer pattern image.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SVG content comprises one or more
of: shape elements, the at least one shape element of the one or more shape
elements being:
rectangles created with the 'rect' element;
circles, created with the 'circle' element;
ellipses, created with the 'ellipse'element;
straight lines, created with the line'element;
polylines, created with the polyline' element; and
polygons, created with the 'polygon'element.
path, created with 'path' element.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identifying synthetic images and non-
synthetic images associated with the processed images comprises:
converting the processed images into gray scale;
segmenting the processed images by detecting contour boundary points associated
with the processed images using one or more edge detection techniques, the
processed images being the gray scaled images; and
identifying the processed images as the synthetic images, if the contour boundary
points contain the at least one shape element else identifying the processed images
as the non-synthetic images.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SVG content based images is at least
one of:
SVG files containing the non-synthetic images;
SVG files containing the synthetic images; and
SVG files containing the non-synthetic images and the synthetic images.
Animated SVG file containing only non-synthetic images
Animated SVG file containing only synthetic images
Animated SVG file containing the non-synthetic images and the synthetic images.
6. A portable electronic device comprising:
an image sensor for capturing one or more images; and a processor responsive to the instructions for:
processing a Bayer pattern image, the Bayer pattern image corresponds to at least one captured image and is obtained from the image sensor;
identifying synthetic images and non-synthetic images associated with the processed images using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content generator to generate a SVG content based images, the SVG content generator being present in the processor; and
providing the SVG content based images to the user, the SVG content based images being the dynamic images.

7. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 6 further comprising:
a storage unit for storing the dynamic images in a SVG file format.
8. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the SVG content
generator comprises:
a color to gray converter;
contour finder;
contour boundary point detector;
SVG geometric element verifier;
SVG composer; and
a display unit to display the dynamic images in a SVG file format.
9. The portable electronic device of claimS, wherein the portable electronic device is at
least one of:
a mobile phone;
a portable camera;
a computer; and
a personal digital Assistant (PDA).
10. A method for providing dynamic images to a user on a portable electronic device, the
portable electronic device as described herein and in accompanying figures.
11. The portable electronic device for performing a method, the method as described
herein and in accompanying figures.