The name of the invention: energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facilities the hotel's waste incineration facility
Technical field
[0001]
　The present invention, waste domestic waste paper to enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic biomass, mainly to monosaccharide is a configuration saccharides contained in, and further features of ethanol production facility for producing ethanol by fermenting this in incineration, it relates to a method for effectively utilization of generated energy.
Background technique
[0002]
　The Applicant has previously, in the waste incineration facility features a ethanol production facility, has proposed a method for effectively utilization of energy (Patent Document 1). In this method, it was coarsely crushed wastes recovered in a state where various types of dust are mixed, low specific gravity and the resulting crude crushed with crushing fractionator lightweight material (mainly Kamirui, plastics ) and water many contain high heavy specific gravity (mainly classified into the kitchen waste ie garbage), and further the weight thereof macerated paper and pulping process by adding water, (not defibration) and plastics separated, resulting pulp as a raw material slurry, to produce therefrom ethanol.
Then, a boiler using exhaust heat emanating from waste incineration facilities, and a steam turbine using steam produced by the boiler is attached to the incinerator, boiler steam and / or steam turbine exits incineration heat or steam out of here culture of yeast in the ethanol production process the extraction steam exiting (30 ° C. so), saccharification and fermentation (40 ° C. so), by using as a heat source of the distillation (80 ° C. so), ethanol production costs and CO 2 reduction of emissions We are working to.
[0003]
　Conventionally, a technique for utilizing the waste heat from waste incineration facilities and the fuel cell as a heat source for the manufacturing process of the biogas and bio-ethanol is known (Patent Document 2 and 3 and Non-Patent Document 1). For example, the paragraph Patent Document 2 [0026] to [0027], which describes the effective use send heat emanating from waste burning facility to dry methane fermentation facilities, such exhaust heat utilization FIG and it is shown in FIG. Or use as a heat source for the distillation separation of the alcohol component in the separation collection portion of the exhaust heat emanating from the fuel cell to paragraph [0049] of Patent Document 3, it is described that or utilizing warmth fermentation section, like this waste heat utilization is shown in FIG. Non-Patent Document 1 is a journal which carries a paper entitled "Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by reformation of biomass-derived ethanol", that the first page 146 of Fig.1, the fuel cell waste heat exiting from the other It has been shown to effectively utilize send the like anaerobic digestion process.
CITATION
Patent Literature
[0004]
Patent Document 1: JP 2010-246421 Patent Publication
Patent Document 2: JP 2007-105614 Patent Publication
Patent Document 3: JP 2009-219989 JP
Non-Patent Document
[0005]
Non-Patent Document 1: Catalysis Today 75 (2002) 145-155
Summary of the Invention
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
[0006]
　In the method of Patent Document 1, ethanol manufacturing process of mechanical sorting and pulping non ethanol feedstock was separated from the paper by the processing (foreign matter such as plastics), or dehydrate the residue generated in the distillation step of the fermentation mash is it is assumed that the incineration process. Although the energy recovery rate when the wastes 100 t / d is treated with waste incineration power generation is about 5.5% as described in Comparative Example 1 described later, this value is not satisfactory, the energy recovery rate further improvement is desired.
[0007]
　Further, Patent Document 2, even in Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 method, satisfactory energy recovery can not be obtained, further improvement of the energy recovery is desired.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0008]
　The present inventors have conducted extensive research in view of the circumstances described above, waste incinerators in ethanol production facility and well power generation steam turbine, methane fermentation facilities, gas engine, the solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell , hereinafter referred to as "SOFC") is attached to, along with the recovery of energy, by using exhaust heat emanating from them as stages of the heat source in the ethanol production facility, it is possible to achieve further improvement of the energy recovery rate This has led to the completion of the new energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facilities the hotel's waste incineration facility.
[0009]
　The first invention is a waste incineration facility features a ethanol production facility to produce bioethanol from carbohydrate contained in the biomass of general waste, the resulting general waste pretreatment, the garbage a portion of the weight composed of wet paper, dry mixing the separated pulp from light composed of paper and plastics, in addition to the ethanol production process of fermenting the mixture, the remainder of the heavy and / or carrying out the methane production fermenting a distillation residue produced by ethanol manufacturing process, characterized in an energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators.
[0010]
　National average as an example of a general waste composition Taking (MOE FY2011 wet weight percent estimated from the data of the home page), kitchen waste 14.9%, paper 48.3%, plants such 9.5% cloth leather such -% (cloth paper, leather contained in plastics), plastics 20.4%, an incombustible 7.0%. On the other hand, the composition of a certain city (2012, wt% moisture, which was estimated from the city environment Policy Bureau, Business Overview), the kitchen waste 30.4%, paper 36.6%, plants such 5.5%, cloth leather class 6.7%, plastics 16.2%, and the incombustible 4.6%, although in both there is a variation, it is possible to cope with this by the pretreatment. Specifically, crude crushed product was roughly crushed in a twin-screw crusher, via a conveyor is fed into the crushing fractionator consists blade and the screen, (the) as well as disrupted by where high speed rotating blades, paper small plastics or dry Kamirui specific gravity is recovered as light product, the moist large kitchen waste and specific gravity in the bottom of the screen size or less wind by rotation is recovered as heavy. The former (lightweight material) is that only the separated and recovered further Pulping process to pulp, "variation in composition", - without being affected by the "heavy fraction lightweight material", the raw material for ethanol and biogas can be taken out may become biomass efficiently. Since, among the heavy whole amount, "Some heavy" those subjected to ethanol production, referred to otherwise as "the rest of the heavy".
[0011]
　Carbohydrates such as starch in the kitchen waste, which accounts for most of the heavy, lipids, proteins, etc. Also included, when a protein enzyme (protease) treatment to hydrolysis, becomes the amino acid is an essential nutrient components of the yeast, direct Although not a such ethanol feedstock, the growth of the yeast is promoted, the amount of yeast is reduced than if only the pulp as a raw material, leading to cost reduction.
[0012]
　Mixing ratio pulp "Some heavy", derived by ascertaining the minimum heavy amount necessary for growth promotion of yeast dry weight ratio, when the 1 pulp with uniformly lower limit , preferably 0.02, more preferably 0.05, and even more preferably 0.10, the upper limit is preferably 0.50, more preferably 0.35, and even more preferably 0.20, the mixture producing ethanol as a raw material, but the invention is limited in all cases in the scope of this mixing ratio.
[0013]
　"Variation in composition", municipal waste by pretreatment in the present invention - without being affected by the "heavy fraction lightweight product", it may be extracted biomass which can be the raw material efficiently, municipal waste is less extremely large lighter product weight contained in, or all undeniable possibility such heavy (especially for overseas). For example, heavy (= garbage) in the wet paper in addition to starchy, specifically noodles, rice, if garbage is often of such bread, except also be added in addition to amylase cellulase similar in subjected heavy to ethanol production, or less moist paper and starch in heavy process, if the lipid or protein the majority, it is also possible Kyosu a heavy total volume of methane production raw material. Since the municipal waste portion of such compositions there is a possibility to be a raw material, "Some heavy" subjected to ethanol production and the rate of the "rest of the heavy" subjected to the methane production is not critical, particularly clear and not to fix a specific range, it is also possible to feature subjecting merely not subjected to ethanol feedstock to "the remainder of the heavy" methane fermentation material.
[0014]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the first aspect of the invention, after dehydration at least one residue of a residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and resulted in the methane fermentation step residue, the exhaust heat obtained by incineration, it is preferable to use the heat sterilization of the biomass and the bath in the ethanol production facility.
[0015]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the first aspect of the invention, after dehydration at least one residue of a residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and resulted in the methane fermentation step residue, the exhaust heat obtained by incineration, culture stage in the ethanol production facility, it is preferable to use as at least one stage of the heat source of the saccharification and fermentation step and distillation step.
[0016]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the first aspect of the invention, after dehydration at least one residue of a residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and resulted in the methane fermentation step residue, by utilizing the exhaust heat obtained by incineration to generate steam, it is preferred to recover power by the steam turbine from the steam.
[0017]
　Waste incinerator according to the first invention, stoker, fluidized bed, not only the incinerator, such as rotary kiln, the gasification furnace, etc. melting furnace, gasification and melting furnace combined them (with power) it may be another type of conventional incineration facility.
[0018]
　The second aspect, in the first aspect, further comprising an energy recovery process using the methane as a drive source of the gas engine is the effective energy utilization process in ethanol production facility features Waste incinerators .
[0019]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and the methane fermentation step after dehydration at least one residue of the in the resulting residue, the waste heat obtained by incineration, it is preferable to use the heat sterilization of the biomass and / or fermentation tank in the ethanol production facility.
[0020]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and the methane fermentation step after dehydration at least one residue of the in the resulting residue, the waste heat obtained by incineration, culture stage in the ethanol production facility, as at least one stage of the heat source of the saccharification and fermentation step and distillation step it is preferable to use.
[0021]
　In the energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators according to the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and the methane fermentation step after dehydration at least one residue of the in the resulting residue, by utilizing the exhaust heat obtained by incineration to generate steam, it is preferred to recover power by the steam turbine from the steam.
[0022]
　A third invention is the first invention and the second invention, and in a preferred embodiment thereof, further modifying the water-containing ethanol vapor generated by the ethanol production facility, the reforming process to produce hydrogen gas , and a step of obtaining a power by the fuel cell to the hydrogen gas as a hydrogen source, an energy effective utilization method of ethanol production facility features waste incinerators. Ethanol concentration of aqueous ethanol is preferably 20 to 40 wt%, more preferably 25 to 35 wt%.
[0023]
　A fourth invention, the first and second inventions, as well as in a preferred embodiment thereof, further comprising a separate methane obtained with aqueous ethanol vapor and methane fermentation step occur in the ethanol production facility, or reformed in a mixed state, the reforming process to produce hydrogen gas, characterized in that it comprises a step of obtaining a power by a fuel cell using the hydrogen gas, the energy in the ethanol production facility features waste incinerators an effective utilization method. The total amount of water-containing ethanol vapor generated in the ethanol production facility, and / or, it is preferable to provide a total amount of methane obtained in the methane fermentation step to the reforming. Ethanol concentration of water-containing ethanol in the fourth invention is preferably 10 to 25 wt%, more preferably 15-20 wt%.
[0024]
　In the third invention and the fourth invention, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: SOFC) other polymer electrolyte - (Polymer Electrolyte-: PEFC), phosphoric acid type - ( Phosphoric Acid -: PAFC), molten carbonate type - (molten Carbonate-: MCFC) may the like, all of which can be applied hydrogen gas obtained by reforming process. Although each operating temperature and the power generation efficiency is as follows Table, high temperature exhaust heat is obtained (ethanol, use methane production process), carbon monoxide gas not only hydrogen gas obtained by reforming also available (in the fuel cell other than the SOFC, the carbon monoxide gas inhibitors) two points are, SOFC is evidence that the most suitable for the process present invention. Although even the highest and 50-70% power generation efficiency, this is not a reason, it is merely afterthought.
[Table a]

[0025]
Effect of the invention
[0026]
　According to the first aspect, in the waste incineration facility features a ethanol production facilities, general waste was obtained by pre-treatment, a portion of the heavy consisting paper and wet garbage, and / or the distillation residue produced by ethanol production facility by methane fermentation can be obtained methane.
[0027]
　The residue which was distilled ethanol component leaves the mash, other garbage-derived lipids and proteins that are not directly ethanol feedstock, pulp not enzymatic saccharification (sugar), or a dead yeast remains cage, they both can be a methane fermentation substrate. Therefore the distillation residue, together with some ethanol weight consisting of paper and wet garbage that was not subjected to fermentation be to methane fermentation, it is possible to achieve recovery of energy.
[0028]
　In the first invention, the residue resulting ethanol production facilities, and / or, the exhaust heat from the residue produced in the methane fermentation step, by using the heat sterilization of the biomass and the bath in the ethanol production facility, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery.
[0029]
　In the first invention, the residue resulting in the ethanol production facility, and / or, the exhaust heat from the residue produced in the methane fermentation step, the culture step in the ethanol production facility, the saccharification and fermentation step and distillation step by using as at least one stage of the heat source of which can be achieved further energy recovery.
[0030]
　In the first invention, the residue resulting in the ethanol production facility, and / or, by utilizing the waste heat derived from the residue produced in the methane fermentation step to generate steam, collecting the power by the steam turbine from the steam by, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery.
[0031]
　According to the second invention, in the first invention, further the methane by using as a driving source of the gas engine, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery (power generation efficiency of the gas engine generator is 30-40% , heat 30-40%).
[0032]
　In the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and / or, the exhaust heat from the residue produced in the methane fermentation step, the by using the heat sterilization of the biomass and the bath in the ethanol production facility, it is possible to achieve an improvement in energy recovery.
[0033]
　In the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and / or, the exhaust heat from the residue produced in the methane fermentation step, the culturing step in ethanol production facility, the use as at least one stage of the heat source of the saccharification and fermentation step and distillation step, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery.
[0034]
　In the second invention, an engine exhaust heat discharged from the gas engine, and / or the residue generated in the ethanol production facility, and / or, using waste heat from a residue produced in the methane fermentation step Te to generate steam, by recovering the power by the steam turbine from the steam, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery.
[0035]
　According to the third invention, by further the ethanol production facility by reforming hydrous ethanol vapor generated by to produce a hydrogen gas, obtaining a power by a fuel cell using the hydrogen gas, achieve further energy recovery can do.
[0036]
　According to the fourth invention, further to generate hydrogen gas by reforming the methane obtained in the water-containing ethanol vapor and methane fermentation step occur in the ethanol production facility, the power by the fuel cell using the hydrogen gas by obtaining, it is possible to achieve further energy recovery.
[0037]
　Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to achieve a considerable improvement in energy recovery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038]
Is a flow sheet showing a first embodiment of FIG. 1 the present invention.
Is a flow sheet showing a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
Is a flow sheet showing a third embodiment of FIG. 3 the invention.
It is a flow sheet showing a comparative example 1 is a [4] the prior art.
[0039]
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0040]
　Next, Some illustrative comparative example of an embodiment and the prior art to illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
[0041]

Comparative Example 1 (waste incineration power generation only)
in FIG. 4, general waste discharged and recovered in a state where various types of waste are mixed (100t / d, 9,915kJ / kg , 275MWh) a waste incineration facilities It turned on, and the incineration process. Steam exhaust heat generated in the waste incinerator by the boiler to convert (359t / d, 2,991kJ / kg , 298MWh) , the used portion of the gas the evaporated as process steam, subjecting the remainder to the power generation by the steam turbine . Using part of the power (33.2MWh) as self-power (18MWh), subjected to sell electricity to the remainder (15.2MWh).
[0042]
　Out that General waste (100 t / d) heat input 275MWh based on calorific 9,915kJ / kg by combustion of the denominator, which was subtracted home consumption power 18MWh from power generation amount 33.2MWh obtained by waste incineration power generation energy recovery estimated calculating the thermal 15.2MWh as
molecules, (33.2-18) /275×100=5.5 (%)
was. During this trial, the kitchen waste 30.4% with the composition ratio (wet weight% of municipal waste of a certain city described above, paper 36.6%, plants such 5.5%, fabric leather such 6.7%, plastics 16.2%, have been applied incombustible 4.6%), also the energy recovery in examples 1-3 below, a calculation results based on this ratio.
[0043]

Example 1
　In Figure 1, was roughly crushed in a pretreatment step the general waste discharged and recovered in a state where various types of waste are mixed (100t / d, 9,915kJ / kg , 275MWh), obtained crude crushed material specific gravity lower weight product by crushing fractionator was (mainly Kamirui, plastics, 66.8t / d, 13,753kJ / kg , 255.2MWh) and contains a large amount of water higher heavy specific gravity ( mainly kitchen waste that is garbage, is fractionated to 33.2t / d) and.
[0044]
　The heavy 2 is divided, one heavy (22.2t / d, 2,192kJ / kg, 13.5MWh) and raw material from the waste paper pulp to be described later slurry (16 wt% pulp, heavy 5 wt% ) was prepared, which is filled into the saccharification and fermentation tanks ethanol production facilities.
[0045]
　In ethanol production facility, previously yeast preculture, and / or leave the main culture, which was added to the slurry with enzyme (cellulase), cellulose with hydrolysis to monosaccharides are constituent sugars, by fermenting monosaccharide, to produce a mash of ethanol concentration of about 5% by volume. Mash obtained in saccharification and fermentation reaction (ethanol concentration 4.3% by weight limit of profitability) by distillation and concentrated to 90 wt% or so, then by dehydration film, further 99.5% or more by weight of concentrated to absolute ethanol.
[0046]
　Meanwhile, the light product is then macerated into fibers of paper and pulping processes, to remove plastics, resulting paper waste pulp (109.2t / d, 3,220kJ / kg, 97.7MWh) the subjected to ethanol production raw material together with the weight thereof.
[0047]
　As described above, in the ethanol production facility, the residue was ethanol component omission by distilling mash, other garbage-derived lipids and proteins that are not directly ethanol feedstock, pulp not enzymatic saccharification (sugar) , or a dead yeast has remained, they can become both methane fermentation substrate. Therefore, the evaporated Tomezan渣 (124.7t / d, 2,246kJ / kg, 77.8MWh) and the remainder (i.e., portion not subjected to ethanol production of the heavy (mainly kitchen waste ie garbage), 11. 0t / d, 2,192kJ / kg, the 6.7MWh) and was subjected to methane fermentation to utilization as a methane fermentation resources.
[0048]
　Furthermore, the gas engine is attached to the methane fermentation facility, methane (11km in biogas obtained in the methane fermentation equipment 3 using /D,19,705kJ/kg,60.2MWh) as a drive source of the gas engine . This makes it possible to achieve the recovery of additional energy (gas engine power 24MWh, power generation efficiency 30-40%, exhaust heat 6MWh, 30 ~ 40%).
[0049]
　The waste incineration facilities, the residue leaving the pulping process in ethanol production facilities (24.6t / d, 23,052kJ / kg, 157.5MWh, 10% moisture), and the residue leaving the methane fermentation step (54.5T /d,1,116kJ/kg,16.9MWh, 83% water) normally is after charged and dehydrated, if difficult to burn only the residue was directly required amount introducing municipal waste, incineration of waste I do.
[0050]
　The waste incineration facility, a boiler using exhaust heat emanating from here, and attaching a steam turbine using steam produced by the boiler, the steam by the boiler exhaust heat generated in the waste incineration plant (224.2t / d converts 2,991kJ / kg, in 186.3MWh), using a portion of the gas the evaporated as process steam, the generation (18.7MWh) by the steam turbine with the remainder. Culturing the yeast the extraction steam exiting the boiler steam and / or steam turbine exits from the boiler in the ethanol production facility (30 ° C. so), saccharification and fermentation (40 ° C. so), to utilization as a heat source of the distillation (80 ° C. so).
[0051]

Example 2
　In FIG. 2, the concentration of 17 wt% aqueous ethanol vapor obtained in the preceding distillation step to concentrate to absolute ethanol at ethanol production facilities, any methane was purified biogas obtained in the methane fermentation step ( total) and to generate hydrogen gas by reforming the feed in a mixture, where the reformer to obtain a power SOFC using the obtained hydrogen gas. Waste heat at this time SOFC is 18.7MWh, power generation is 46.8MWh.
[0052]
　Step of concentrating to absolute ethanol in Example 2 in ethanol production facility, and, biogas using methane obtained in the methane fermentation step is not performed.
[0053]
　Other configuration of the second embodiment are the same as those of Example 1.
[0054]

Example 3
　3 sends half of municipal waste to ethanol production facility, subjecting was put into waste incineration facilities in the ready waste incineration facilities other half to incineration.
[0055]
　The distillation stage resulting concentration of 30 wt% of aqueous ethanol vapor before concentrated to absolute ethanol at ethanol production facilities feed to the reformer, wherein reformed to produce hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas resulting obtaining a power SOFC using. Power from the SOFC 8.6MWh, power generation with steam turbines of waste incineration facilities attached is 32.9MWh, gas engine power generation amount is 12MWh.
[0056]
　In Example 3, steps concentrated to absolute ethanol at ethanol production facilities is not performed.
[0057]
　Other configurations of the third embodiment are the same as those of Example 1.
[0058]

　Then the effect of the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and comparative examples.
(1) the effect of introducing the methane fermentation step
　in the method of Patent Document 1, when a 100 t / d scale incinerators, directly incinerated 50t / d, to produce ethanol and separating the ethanol feedstock from the remaining 50t / d, distillation residue and plastics non-raw material had been incinerated, producing ethanol and methane to separate ethanol fermentation material and methane fermentation material from the example 1 general waste 100 t / d. Plastics and a residue generated in the methane fermentation of non-raw material by incineration, the absolute amount of ethanol produced feedstock is increased ethanol production volume also increases.
[0059]
　In the first embodiment, among the heavy whole amount (33.2t / d), a 22.2t / d and ethanol raw material, by a 11t / d and methane fermentation material, the waste incineration power generation by burning the total amount energy recovery rate than in the case of is improved.
[0060]
　Energy recovery rate heat output molecule, in Comparative Examples and Examples were calculated heat input as the denominator is as follows.
[0061]
　In Comparative Example 4 1 (waste incineration power generation only), the waste incineration facilities, municipal waste (100t / d, 9,915kJ / kg, 275MWh) only turning. Steam exhaust heat generated in the waste incinerator by the boiler to convert (359t / d, 2,991kJ / kg, 298MWh), the used portion of the gas the evaporated as process steam, power generation by the steam turbine with the remainder ( 33.2MWh) a. Using part of the power as a self-power (18MWh), subjected to sell electricity to the remainder (15.2MWh).
[0062]
　In Comparative Example 1, the general waste (100 t / d), the heat input 275MWh based on the calorific value 9,915kJ / kg and denominator, power consumption 18MWh it from power generation amount 33.2MWh obtained by waste incineration power generation energy recovery estimated calculated as molecule heat output 15.2MWh minus
is, (33.2-18) /275×100=5.5 (%)
is.
[0063]
　Example 1 1 (supplementary garbage incinerators ethanol production facilities and methane fermentation equipment of Comparative Example 1), the heat input 275MWh based on municipal waste and the denominator was prepared (anhydrous) ethanol heat 33. 4MWh energy recovery estimated calculating the heat output 51.4MWh as a molecule from the sum of power generation amount 18.7MWh and gas engine power generation amount 24MWh with steam turbine waste incineration facilities attached by subtracting the power consumption 24.7MWh is
(33 .4 + 24 + 18.7-24.7) /275×100=18.7 ( %)
is. Incidentally, ethanol without conversion into electric power, which is a prerequisite of the directly used as fuel or chemicals.
[0064]
　In Example 2 shown in FIG. 2, on the basis of the calculation similar to that of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, obtained in the preceding stage of the water-containing ethanol vapor and methane fermentation step of concentrating to absolute ethanol in the ethanol production facility methane ( both to generate hydrogen gas by reforming separately or in admixture with a total volume), to convert the power SOFC using the hydrogen gas, and the denominator of the heat input 275MWh by municipal waste, power from SOFC 46.8MWh energy recovery estimated calculated as molecule heat output 40.8MWh obtained by subtracting the power consumption 24.7MWh from the sum of power generation amount 18.7MWh with steam turbine waste incineration facility attached
is (46.8 + 18.7 -24.7) /275×100=14.8 (%)
is.
[0065]
　This is lower than the energy recovery rate of Example 1 (18.7%), but the reason is to convert power heat 33.4MWh ethanol in power generation efficiency of 50%. However, as described later, the power generation amount obtained is maximized.
[0066]
　In Example 3 shown in FIG. 3, the in ethanol production facilities to produce hydrogen gas by reforming hydrous ethanol vapor stage before concentrated to absolute ethanol, to convert the power SOFC using the hydrogen gas , out of municipal waste as the denominator the heat input 275MWh by, by subtracting the power consumption 24.0MWh from the sum of power generation amount 32.9MWh and gas engine power generation amount 12MWh with steam turbine power 8.6MWh and waste incineration facilities attached by SOFC energy recovery estimated calculating the thermal 29.5MWh as
molecules, (8.6 + 12 + 32.9-24.0) /275×100=10.7 (%)
is.
[0067]
　Thus, the energy recovery rate estimate obtained in Examples 1 to 3, a significant improvement is observed compared to those obtained in Comparative Example 1.
[0068]

(2) CO 2 emissions reduction effect
　when performing general waste 100 t / d to incineration only (hereinafter referred to as "incineration only") and, as Comparative Example 1 was added thereto waste incineration power generation step in example 1 Metropolitan plus further ethanol production process and the methane fermentation step and a gas engine generator process to Comparative example 1, the CO 2 shows the estimated value of the emissions in Table 1-1. To "incineration only", CO Example 1 2 emissions, general waste per 140.277Kg-CO 2 in / t, 93.795kg-CO per municipal waste than Comparative Example 1 2 a / t was the result can be reduced.
[0069]
　On the other hand, "incineration only" (comparison) CO of 2 emissions "CO is avoided 2 CO in the case where the discharge amount" 2 shown in Table 1-2 calculation results of reduction rate. In Example 1, the general waste utilizing incineration power generation, either ethanol production, CO 2 reduction rate was 84%.
[0070]
　Thus, the method according to the present invention, CO 2 contributes to the reduction of emissions.
[0071]

(3) the effect of introducing SOFC
　as one embodiment of the present invention, modifying the water-containing ethanol vapor generated by ethanol production facilities to produce hydrogen gas, in the case of obtaining a power by SOFC using the hydrogen gas , and methane obtained with aqueous ethanol vapor and methane fermentation step to generate ethanol production facilities reformed to produce hydrogen gas, there is a case of obtaining a power by SOFC using the hydrogen gas, any of these Benefits of the SOFC, such as the following is exhibited even when.
(i) maximize the power generation amount
　when using ethanol as vehicle fuels and chemicals raw material, it is first distilled to 90 weight mash obtained in saccharification and fermentation reaction (lower ethanol concentration 4.3% by weight of profitability) % concentrated to around, then to concentrate it up to absolute ethanol 99.5 wt% by the dehydration film or the like is generally used.
[0072]
　However, ethanol is not used in the above applications, if you want to maximize the power generation amount, the power generation efficiency unconcentrated ethanol entire amount can be applied as a source of hydrogen 50% and higher SOFC generator. In this case, first, the water-containing ethanol vapor generated in the distillation step in ethanol production facilities feed to the reformer, which is reformed into hydrogen-containing gas. In this case, the modification is needed a lot of water. In the case of using as methane also hydrogen source obtained by purifying the biogas total amount obtained in the methane fermentation step, are required hydrous ethanol vapor ethanol concentration of 17% by weight (water content 83 wt%), ethanol only for, it is necessary hydrous ethanol vapor ethanol concentration of 30 wt% (water content 70 wt%).
[0073]
　In Example 2 (FIG. 2), as ethanol (4.5t / d, 33.4MWh) distilled developing a concentration of 17 wt% aqueous ethanol vapor produced in Example 1 (FIG. 1), Example 1 ( biogas (11km in FIG. 1) 3 as a purification methane /D,60.2MWh), when subjected to the respective total amount SOFC generator, as follows estimation formula, the maximum power generation amount of 46.8MWh is obtained, generation maximizing the amount is achieved.
(60.2 + 33.4) × 0.5 (generation efficiency) = 46.8 (MWh)

(ii) savings in costs takes to ethanol purification and biogas
　as in the case of using the ethanol vehicle fuels and chemicals material there is no need to obtain the absolute ethanol 99.5% by weight, it is possible to apply the distillation developing hydrous ethanol vapor, cooling after distillation, can be reduced energy costs takes to condensation. For example, when ethanol is used in a vehicle fuels and chemicals material, it is necessary to remove the impurities to the reference value, as fuel ethanol standard JIS (K2190) in Japan, and limits for the various components in Table 2 are provided are (confirmed that meet some of the ethanol produced from the actual wastes demonstration test anhydrified analyze the components, as also shown in Table 2, the fuel ethanol standard).
[0074]
　Further, the ethanol distillate also applicable to chemicals raw material obtained in the verification test with a view (ethanol concentration of about 50 wt%) is also a qualitative analysis to pick up organic components before and after the boiling point of ethanol shown in Table 3 after having performed, the possibility of existence was suggested component was quantitatively analyzed, as shown in Table 4, as fermentation byproducts other than ethanol by yeast, methanol, 1-propanol, impurities such 1-pentanol 1,000mg / it was confirmed that the mixed with L concentration or more. Since these impurities can also be used either as a source of hydrogen SOFC, during the distillation, it may not mind the removal of impurities as in the case of fuels and chemicals feedstock.
[0075]
　On the other hand, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, when applying the total amount of methane obtained in the methane fermentation facilities SOFC, the gas engine and peripheral devices related thereto are not required, equipment cost that it takes to these It can be saved.
[0076]

(4) Hygienic processing residue
　in Example 1 shown in Figure 1, being treated with waste incineration facilities, the residue (plastics discharged from the pulping process: water 10 wt%, 24.6t / d, 23 , 052kJ / kg, 157.5MWh), and methane fermentation residues discharged from the equipment (dehydrated cake final digestion solution was dehydrated: water 83 wt%, 54.5t / d, 1,116kJ / kg, 16.9MWh ) it is. The latter residue is rich in water, as shown in the following estimate equation, it is possible to burn a mixture prepared by mixing Ryozan渣, while reliably incinerated this steam turbine utilizing the waste heat generated power by the power generation (18.7MWh), it is possible to obtain a heat that can be applied to the heat source of the ethanol production (33.3MWh).
((24.6 × 23,052) + ( 54.5 × 1,116)) / (24.6 + 54.5) = 7,938kJ / kg ( about 1,900kcal / kg)
　It should be noted that this trial was also described above are based on the composition of municipal waste of a certain city, eg, if the plastics are accepted less wastes than the average, of a mixture of the residue discharged from the residue and methane fermentation equipment is discharged from the pulping process low amount of heat per weight are also expected not to burn. As the countermeasure, plus a portion of the general waste in FIG 1 (100t / d) to the residue. Specifically, as as shown in the estimated equation, the amount of heat per total weight portion and a mixture of the above residue渣全of municipal waste is 1,900kcal / kg, to replenish the general waste.