FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970 (39 of 1970)
The Patents Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See Section 10, and rule 13!

1 . TITLE OF INVENTION
METHOD FOR EFFICIENT REGENERATION OF ENERGY USING POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WASTE-WATER IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

THE

APPLICANT(S)
a) Name
b) Nationality
c) Address

GHR LABS AND RESEARCH CENTRE
INDIAN Company
C/o G H RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
DIGDOH HILLS, MIDC,
HINGNA ROAD,
NAGPUR - 44 0 016
MAHARASHTRA

PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes invention and the manner in which it is to be performed :

the

The invention relates to energy efficient system for production of hydro electricity.
More particularly the invention relates to production of hydro electricity from water dispences from high rise buildings. In recent times due to scarcity of land in metroes and big cities, multi stories buildings are constructed. The water for consumption of daily use in these buildings is pumped and stored in the overhead storage tanks at high altitude.
The jet of water fallings by gravity from the high altitude is utilized to move the turbine to generate hydro electricity in a known manner. The arrangements for these jets to impinge on the blades of turbine to relate with potential energy produce hydro electricity .
The principal object of this invention is to provide energy efficient generation of hydro electricity without use of additional energy.
The further object of this invention is to provide an energy efficient generation of electricity instantly within the system using water forces which otherwise would have been unutilized.
Background:
Storage of water in case of high rise buildings is in the overhead tanks. After use, the water becomes wastewater and reaches ground level, and then is drained out.
In the modern construction era, the height of the high-rise buildings is increasing, therefore potential energy in the water at overhead tank level has become quite substantial. This energy, if not partially regenerated, will be totally wasted.
Description for the process of partial regeneration :
As per the present practice, the Potential Energy in the waste water (at its user level) drives a micro-hydro turbine which has a coupled electrical generator. The electrical energy so generated is either stored in batteries or is returned to the grid through power-


electronics conditioners. Literature dealing with these systems mentions that about 30% of the pumping energy can be recovered.
Drawback of this process :
Use of water (for bathing, washing etc.) is always random throughout the day. The electricity generation with the help of turbine depends on "Head" available and "Flow" available. A meager flow can hardly generate any power due to low turbine speed. Therefore, the regeneration is ineffective for most of the time during the day.
INVENTED METHOD :
Logic : For effective regeneration, the system must ensure almost constant head (and hence the flow) during its controlled operating period.
Further, there must not be any unnecessary stages of energy conversion. The potential energy of waste water must be utilized within the water-distribution of the same multistoried building, instantly, making it highly energy efficient.
The present invented method ensures constant head and flow by installing segregated wastewater ( All domestic waste without toilet flushing) tank at proper altitudes. The wastewater with a constant flow is made to fall on specially designed micro-hydro turbine which is directly coupled mechanically to a pump through specially designed shaft or gears, which lifts a fresh water from ground to overhead tanks. Thus two intermediate energy conversion devices, generator and electrical motor are eliminated which makes the system instantaneous and highly energy efficient.
Description of the Figures :
Figure 1: The segregated wastewater (1) from the high rise building floors is collected in wastewater storage tank (2) . An automatic valve (4) is attached to a pipe line (3) taking wastewater by gravity upto a micro-hydro turbine (5). This valve is automatically open when the wastewater is at high level detention (6) and it will remain open till low level
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detention head (7), thus ensuring almost constant head and flow of wastewater on to a turbine. The specially designed high speed micro-turbine is rotated by the jet of wastewater. The pump (8), either directly or through gears is connected to a turbine. The pump will run instantly due to turbine's mechanical energy. It lifts the fresh water from ground level upto a high altitude overhead water storage tank (9). Thus without the two stages of energy conversion, viz. generator and electrical motor, the energy is instantly and efficiently gets converted.
Figure 2 : It shows the implementation of system for an 11 floor building. The staggered arrangement (la, lb, lc, Id, le, If, lg, lh,) of segregated wastewater storage tanks at various altitudes. The head and flow of the wastewater is different for different altitudes which are connected to the micro-hydro turbine and pump.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIOR ART & CLAIMED INVENTION :
Prior Art (Existing Practice of Regeneration) :
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER

1. TURBINE ROTATION (KINETIC ENERGY)

Note : Random flow rate hampers efficiency as well as effectiveness of the process of regeneration.

2. COUPLED ELECTRICITY GENERATOR

3A. THROUGH POWER CONDITIONERS, RETURN TO GRID

3B. STORED
ELECTROCHEMICALLY IN STORAGE BATTERIES

4. PUMP FRESH - WATER UP

Note : Since there are two mechanisms involved (viz. Motor and pump), the losses will be quite appreciable.

HIGHER EFFICIENCY OF REGENERATED ENEERGY OF INVENTED SYSTEM
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WASTE WATER

I
1. TURBINE ROTATION (KINETIC ENERGY)

Note : Intermittent, but effective / efficient regeneration

2. MECHANICALLY COUPLED PUMP LIFTS
FRESH WATER INSTANTLY (KINETIC ENERGY TO POTENTIAL ENERGY)

Note : Electrical Energy stages NOT existing Now, Hence most efficient regeneration.

Salient Points:
1. Right now, regeneration is not practiced in India. With more and more high rise buildings coming up (specially in urban areas) and with increased awareness about energy-audit, regeneration for utilizing the potential energy of wastewater will have to be done, educating the personnel concerned, in National interest.
2. The invented method ensures proper procedure of handling energy for regeneration. Main reason for this system to be more effective is the "Elimination of two electrical machines" . A generator coupled to the micro-turbine and a motor for driving the pump are now not required, thus successfully designing an energy-efficient process.
Pre-amble:
At present , the used water form over-head tanks flows to the ground through wastewater pipelines. Its potential energy is not used for regenerative process. At the National level, this unutilized energy has a substantial magnitude. With an efficient solution, it will draw the attention of technical personnel, who are aware about energy efficiency including it s audit.


At the International level, the regeneration is through a micro-turbine-electric generator rotary set which charges a battery. Alternatively, through power electronics controllers, the set may feed the power back to the grid. Needless to point out that this system works efficiently only if the Head and Flow are good enough.
The proposed method effectively regenerates energy, utilizing the potential energy of the wastewater, ensuring controlled, intermittent, and efficient operation. Thus, it will be a boon since it will promote utilization of that energy which has remained unutilized so far. It will have a significant impact due to the increased awareness about energy and due to the fear of ever - deepening energy crisis in years to come !
In the prior art,
A generator coupled to the turbine converts the energy to electrical form, which is then stored in batteries or is fed back to grid through power electronics interface circuit. This has two glaring disadvantages :
1. The water flow rate is meager for almost 21 hours per day. This makes die process highly inefficient.
2. Two stages of energy conversion are needed :
a. Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy, and then - Kinetic Energy to Electrical
Energy form using generator.
b. Energy in electrical form drives a pump with the help of a motor.
The claimed invention results into a very efficient system for regeneration, utilizing the Potential Energy of wastewater. To add to the enhancement of efficiency in regeneration, a pump is mechanically coupled to the micro - turbine (either directly or through gears). This pump lifts water from fresh - water sump at ground level to the overhead tank on the top of the building or where - ever the water is to be stored at higher altitudes. Such a utilization of regenerated power eliminates the need to store the energy or to convert and
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WE CLAIM :
1. An energy efficient system for production and utilization of hydro-electricity comprising a storage of wastewater (2) from the high altitude of high rise building floors in staggered manner (la, lb, lc. Id, le, If etc.), by pipe connection(l,3); said storage tank having high level detention (6) and low level detention (7) for constant head and flow of jet of wastewater through through automatic valve (4) on the blades of micro - turbine (5)which rotates and generates hydro electricity and runs the pump (8) connected to it for pumping fresh water to overhead tank (9).
2. A system mentioned in Claim 1, which utilizes the potential energy of wastewater by directly and instantly utilizing it for a purpose within the same system.
3. A system mentioned in Claim 1, which involves minimum number of conversion stages of energy.
4. A system mentioned in Claim 1, which eliminates two energy conversion devices compared to the existing methods practiced in developed countries.
5. A system mentioned in Claim 1, which provides highest efficiency with minimum losses.