"Method For Operating A Frequency Converter Of A Generator And Wind Energy Turbine Having A Generator Operated According To The Method"
Abstract:
The method for operating a frequency converter (26) of a generator (14) in particular of a wind energy turbine (10),
the event of a substantial grid voltage drop, whcrcinlhc frequency converter (26) comprises a generator-side power converter (32),
•pw connected to the generator (14), a grid-side power converter (28) to be connected to the voltage grid (18), and a DC link circuit
(30) for connecting the generator-side power converter (32) to the grid-side power converter (28), comprises the step of generating
the amount of reactive current to be supplied to the grid (18) by controlling the frequency converter (26).
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Notices, Deadlines & Correspondence
TITLE
Method for operating a frequency converter of a generator and wind energy
turbine having a generator operated according to the method
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for operating a frequency converter
of a generator and, in particular, of a generator of a wind energy turbine, in
the event of a substantial grid voltage drop. Moreover, the present invention
also comprises a wind energy turbine having a generator operated accordingly.
Finally, the present invention also provides for the operation of a generator
under normal grid conditions with the generator not being in its operating
state for supplying power to the grid, and a wind energy turbine having a
generator operated accordingly.
Related Prior Art
Electrical power in public power grids is supplied by diverse energy sources
converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The main energy sources
supporting public power grids are coal power plants and nuclear power plants.
Several other types of energy sources, in particular power plants of
regenerative energy like solar power plants, water power plants or wind
energy turbines, also contribute to support the public power grid.
In the past, In the event of a significant grid voltage drop in a public power
grid, it was required that in such an event wind energy turbines are shut down
automatically. However, due to the increased number of wind energy turbines
1t becomes more and more Important that these turbines support the public
power grid in the event of a substantial grid voltage drop.
In power generators like those used for wind energy turbines, it is known to
couple the rotor windings of the generator via a frequency converter to the
grid. In the frequency converter the frequency of the power generated by the
generator is converted to the frequency of the grid.
In order to support a public power grid, not only real power but also reactive
power has to be supplied. Both the real and the reactive power has to be
controlled by the frequency converter in the event of normal grid conditions.
Methods for controlling the reactive power under normal grid conditions are
described e.g. in DE-A-100 20 635, WO-A-01/20745, WO-A-02/086314, WOA-
02/086315, and EP-A-1 222 389.
From the utility it is more and more required to provide support of the grid by
supplying reactive current in the event of a substantial grid voltage drop or
under normal grid conditions but with the stator windings of the generator
being disconnected from the grid.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for operating a frequency converter
of a generator in particular of a wind energy turbine, in the event of a
substantial grid voltage drop, wherein the frequency converter comprises a
generator-side power converter, to be connected to the generator, a grid-side
power converter to be connected to the voltage grid, and a DC link circuit for
connecting the generator-side power converter to the grid-side power
converter, the method comprising the step of controlling the amount of
reactive current to be supplied to the grid by controlling the frequency
converter so as to generate reactive current also in the event of a grid voltage
drop.
According to a first aspect of the invention, in the event of a substantial grid
voltage drop, the amount of reactive current to be supplied to the grid is
controlled by controlling the frequency converter accordingly so as to generate
reactive current. Depending on the type of generator used, either the
generator-side power converter or the grid-side power converter or both
power converters of the frequency converter is/are controlled. The generatorside
power converter of a frequency converter often is referred to as a AC/DC
converter or rectifier, while the grid-side power converter is referred to as a
DC/AC converter or inverter. In a frequency converter, the generator-side and
grid-side power converters are connected by a DC link circuit comprising at
least one capacitor.
If a double fed or dual-powered asynchronous generator is used, in the event
of a substantial .grid voltage drop, according to the invention at least one of
the generator-side power converter and the grid-side power converter is
controlled so as to generate reactive current necessary to support the grid. A
double fed asynchronous machine is an induction generator having its stator
and rotor windings driven by the grid. In case of disconnection of the stator
windings from the grid, according to the invention the reactive current can.still
be controlled in the event of a substantial grid voltage drop, in that the gridside
power converter is controlled. In case of the generator being an
asynchronous or synchronous machine, controlling the amount of reactive
current to be supplied to the grid is performed by controlling the grid-side
power converter so as to generate reactive current. If such a generator in the
event of a substantial grid voltage drop is not in its operating state for
generating power, i.e. the stator is disconnected from the grid, when e.g. the
wind speed is less thari the cut-in or a minimum wind speed or exceeds the
cut-off of a maximum wind speed, the amount of reactive current to be
supplied to the grid is generated by controlling the grid-side power converter.
Most preferably and typically, the reactive current in the frequency converter
according to the invention is controlled by controlling the performance factor
(cos