Method for producing an underwater foundation element, adjustment head for an un-
derwater foundation element and underwater working arrangement
The invention relates to a method for producing an underwater foundation element in a
bed of a body of water, in which a working platform for guiding a drilling tool is lowered
to the bed of a body of water, with the drilling tool a drill-hole is introduced into the bed
of a body of water and a pile-shaped underwater foundation element is arranged in the
drill-hole and anchored therein.
Furthermore, the invention relates to an underwater working arrangement for anchoring
a pile-shaped underwater foundation element in the bed of a body of water comprising a
submersible working platform and a receiving means arranged on the working platform
for the underwater foundation element.
Such a method and such a working arrangement can be taken from EP 2 322 724 A1.
With these, foundation elements can be anchored in a reliable manner under water in a
bed of a body of water. Foundation elements of such type serve, for example, for the
anchoring of offshore wind power plants or flow turbines of tidal power stations in the
sea.
Another method of such type is known from GB 2 469 190 A. Due to the extremely diffi-
cult work conditions under water the problem exists that the pile-shaped foundation
elements show minor positional deviations amounting, for example, to a few angular
degrees to the vertical. If, for instance, the mast for a wind power plant with a length of
up to 100 m is erected on such foundation elements there will, in the case of a small
deviation of the foundation element, already be a relatively large inclination of the entire
plant.
To avoid such inclinations it is known to fix a compensating means between the founda-
tion element and a mast to be fixed thereon. With such a compensating means a posi-
tional inaccuracy of the foundation element can be compensated. However, such com-
pensating means are costly and constitute a weakening of the entire construction. In
particular, the compensating means can be mechanically vulnerable or vulnerable with
regard to corrosive conditions in salt water.
The invention is based on the o b j e c t to provide a method for producing an underwa-
ter foundation element, with which such a foundation element can be produced at a high
positional accuracy. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide an underwater
working arrangement as well as an adjustment head for this.
The object is solved on the one hand by a method having the features of claim 1. With
regard to the adjustment head the object is solved on the other hand by an adjustment
head for an underwater foundation element having the features of claim 5. An underwa-
ter working arrangement having the features of claim 10 solves the object concerning
the working arrangement.
The method according to the invention is characterized in that on the pile-shaped un-
derwater foundation element a measuring unit is fixed, through which the positional data
of the pile-shaped underwater foundation element are determined and in that depending
on the determined positional data the position of the underwater foundation element is
set by means of at least one positioning means on the working platform prior to anchor-
ing.
A fundamental idea of the invention resides in the fact that a measuring unit is fixed di-
rectly on the underwater foundation element, with which the position of the foundation
element is determined. Hence, instead of carrying out an indirect positional determina-
tion via the position of the working platform, a direct and therefore very precise position-
al determination of the foundation element is effected. Depending on the determined
positional data the position of the underwater foundation element is then adjusted by
means of at least one positioning means on the working platform, more particularly sev-
eral hydraulic cylinders, prior to anchoring. As soon as the measuring unit indicates the
desired precise position of the underwater foundation element, the foundation element
is fixed in this position with respect to the working platform and subsequently anchored
in the bed of a body of water, in particular by introducing a hardening suspension, espe-
cially concrete.
As a result, underwater foundation elements with very narrow tolerance ranges regard-
ing the position can be produced. This allows the mast or other plant or construction to
be flange-mounted or fastened on the foundation element without a compensating
means. In this way, a very stable and also robust overall construction of the plant is
achieved.
Basically, it is conceivable to provide the measuring unit as a lost measuring unit in a
fixed manner on the foundation element. According to the invention it is especially effi-
cient that the measuring unit is releasably fixed on an upper area of the underwater
foundation element and, after setting, is released again from the underwater foundation
element and removed. In this way, the measuring unit can be employed several times
so that measuring instruments of very high quality and high precision can be used for
the measuring unit.
Moreover, according to the invention it is preferred that by means of the at least one
positioning means for setting the position of the underwater foundation element posi-
tioning forces are generated which are transmitted via an adjustment head and/or a re-
ceiving means of the working platform to the underwater foundation element. In particu-
lar, the adjustment head can be releasably fastened on the upper side of the pile-
shaped foundation element. The adjustment head has corresponding coupling ele-
ments, especially drivers, through which the positioning means are able to transmit their
positioning forces, in particular a twist movement around the longitudinal axis, in a de-
fined manner to the foundation element. By preference, lateral changes of position are
transmitted to the foundation element via an approximately drum-shaped receiving
means, in which the pile-shaped foundation element is received and guided. To this end
the receiving means is preferably supported in a movable manner on the base frame of
the working platform and can be adjusted via positioning means. In this way, even very
small changes of position of the underwater foundation element can be implemented
precisely.
According to the invention it is especially advantageous for the positioning means to be
controlled via a control means which is arranged together with the measuring unit on the
adjustment head. In this way, the measurement results of the measuring unit can be
transmitted directly to the positioning means so that a quick and reliable adjustment of
the underwater foundation element in the bed of a body of water can take place.
According to the invention provision is furthermore made for an adjustment head for an
underwater foundation element to be arranged with a base support, a connecting
means for releasably connecting the adjustment head to the underwater foundation
element, at least one measuring unit arranged on the base support for determining posi-
tional data of the underwater foundation element and an attachment means for attach-
ing and holding the adjustment head on a connecting line.
In line with the method according to the invention as described above the adjustment
head can be rigidly fixed in a defined manner on the foundation element. By preference,
a centering means is provided, with which the adjustment head is brought into a defined
position on the foundation element. Here, the connecting means can have hydraulic
tension clamps for example. The adjustment head is connected via a connecting line to
a supply vessel. To this end an attachment means is designed on the upper side of the
adjustment head which serves for attaching and holding the adjustment head on the
connecting line. In addition to a hook element for mechanical fastening corresponding
attachments for electricity, hydraulic fluid and data lines are provided, too.
Good adjustment of the foundation element is achieved according to the invention in
that at least one coupling element is provided for establishing a connection of the ad-
justment head with a working platform receiving the underwater foundation element. In
this way, an adjustment of the foundation element can be effected via the adjustment
head. The foundation element rests on the bottom of the drill-hole so that positioning
forces can be transmitted in an especially effective manner via the adjustment head ar-
ranged on the upper side of the foundation element.
According to the invention it is particularly preferred that via the coupling element posi-
tioning forces can be transmitted from a positioning means on the working platform to
the adjustment head and the connected underwater foundation element. The positioning
means can have one or several hydraulic cylinders, the pistons of which act directly on
the adjustment head. Alternatively, by way of the adjustment head a rigid connection
can be established to the working platform and, in particular, to the drum-shaped receiv-
ing means of the working platform. For adjustment a shifting of the receiving means
and/or the working platform as a whole can then take place, for instance through con-
tact feet of the working platform on the bed of a body of water that are provided with
hydraulic cylinders.
An especially useful embodiment of the adjustment head results in accordance with the
invention from the fact that the attachment means is designed to transmit electrical
energy, hydraulic energy, control signals and/or fluid for anchoring the underwater foun-
dation element in the bed of a body of water. Hence, the adjustment head not only con-
stitutes an element for the mechanical alignment of the foundation element but provides
a plurality of functions including measuring and passing hardening fluid, such as cement
suspension, into the pipe-shaped foundation pile for the purpose of anchoring after
alignment.
Accordingly, a preferred embodiment of the invention resides in the fact that the at-
tachment means has a passage for hardening fluid to an inner cavity of a pipe-shaped
underwater foundation element.
With regard to the underwater working arrangement the object is solved by a corres-
ponding working arrangement, which is characterized in that on the underwater founda-
tion element a given adjustment head is fixed for determining positional data and in that
at least one positioning means is provided with which a position of the underwater foun-
dation element in the receiving means can be adjusted depending on the determined
positional data. As a result, the previously described high-precision alignment of the
underwater foundation element in the bed of a body of water is achieved.
In accordance with the invention a preferred embodiment resides in the fact that as po-
sitioning means a twist means for twisting the pile-shaped underwater foundation ele-
ment around a center axis, a lifting means for adjusting the underwater foundation ele-
ment longitudinally of the center axis and/or a tilting means for adjusting the underwater
foundation element transversely to the center axis is provided. Through corresponding
positioning means on the working platform the underwater foundation element can be
aligned precisely whilst still being surrounded by a drum-shaped receiving means on the
working platform. The twist means comprises a clamping ring which can be twisted
around the drilling axis by means of horizontally directed positioning cylinders. By prefe-
rence, the twist movement is transmitted via the drum-shaped receiving means to the
adjustment head and therefore the foundation element.
The drum-shaped receiving means also serves to guide the drilling tool during the intro-
duction of the drill-hole. For adjustment of the foundation element the receiving means
can be adjusted. Alternatively, the elements forming the interior of the drum-shaped re-
ceiving means can be modified with respect to the guide position of the drilling tool, the-
reby allowing for sufficient space to adjust and change the position of the underwater
foundation element within the drum-shaped receiving means.
Basically, it is possible that, depending on the measurement data of the adjustment
head, an alignment of the foundation element is effected via an external control means
on the supply vessel. According to the invention it is especially preferred that a control
means is provided for controlling at least one positioning means. Such a control means
on the underwater working arrangement or on the adjustment head permits a high-
precision alignment of the foundation element.
The invention will be described further by way of preferred embodiments which are illu-
strated schematically in the accompanying drawings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 a schematic view of an underwater working arrangement according to the
invention;
Fig. 2 a perspective schematic view concerning the underwater working arrange-
ment of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 a head area of an underwater foundation element;
Fig. 4 an underwater working arrangement with an adjustment head according to
the invention; and
Fig. 5 a schematic side view of an adjustment head according to the invention.
According to the invention, for the production of an underwater foundation element 10 in
a bed of a body of water 5 a working platform 30 is lowered as an underwater working
arrangement 20 from a supply vessel 6 to the seabed 5 in accordance with Fig. 1. Via
adjustable contact elements 26 the underwater working arrangement 20 is aligned hori-
zontally. Subsequently, a drill-hole is introduced into the bed of a body of water 5 by
way of a drilling tool, not depicted. Following removal of the drilling tool from the under-
water working arrangement 20 the pipe-shaped underwater foundation element 10 is
inserted into a drum-shaped receiving means 32 and placed in the drill-hole onto the
drill-hole bottom, as also shown in Fig. 4.
By way of a supply line 70 that is coupled via an attachment means 50 and an adjust-
ment head 40 with the upper side of the underwater foundation pile 10 in this case the
L'nderwater foundation element 10 is connected to a supply vessel 6 on the sea surface
2. The supply line 70, which comprises both a steel rope for holding the adjustment
head 40 and further supply lines, is actuated via a winch 8 on the supply vessel 6. By
way of a control means 7 on the supply vessel 6 a control of the adjustment head 40 via
the supply line 70 as well as of the underwater working arrangement 20 via a connec-
tion 72 is effected from the sea surface 2.
An exemplary embodiment of a working platform 30 of the underwater working ar-
rangement 20 according to the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. From steel beams an
approximately triangular base frame 31 of the working platform 30 is formed, on which
contact elements, not depicted, more particularly hydraulic cylinders, are arranged for
placement onto the bed of a body of water 5. Via three diagonal struts 22 the corner
areas of the base frame 31 are firmly connected to a plate-shaped platform head 24. On
the platform head 24 and on the base frame 31 ring-shaped holding elements are ar-
ranged for the drum-shaped receiving means 32, not depicted here. On the platform
head 24 a first hydraulically actuated collet 34 is provided which serves to establish a
firm connection to the receiving means 32 for the inserted underwater foundation ele-
ment 10.
A second collet 36 is also designed on the working platform 30, in which case the
second collet 36 can be actuated by three horizontally arranged twist cylinders 62 in
order to twist the hydraulically clamped receiving means 32 with the underwater founda-
tion element 10. To constitute a positioning means 60 the entire three twist cylinders 62
can also be actuated such that they cause not only a twist movement around a center
axis 11 but also a desired tilting with respect to the center axis 11. In this way, a precise
alignment of the inserted underwater foundation element 10 in the drill-hole in the bed of
a body of water 5 is rendered possible. Following precise adjustment of the underwater
foundation element 10, a self-hardening fluid can then be introduced into the drill-hole
for final anchoring. After the underwater foundation element 10 has been anchored the
underwater working arrangement 20 can then be released in its entirety from the anc-
hored underwater foundation element 10 and removed again.
For a precise alignment of the underwater foundation element 10 an adjustment head
40 is provided according to the invention which is described in greater detail in conjunc-
t on with Figures 3 to 5.
In the upper area of the underwater foundation element 10 a conical pile head 12 is ar-
ranged which is firmly connected via a base 14 to the cylindrical area of the foundation
element 10. At the upper end of the pile head 12 a protruding plate-shaped sword 16
with three center holes 18 is arranged. According to the illustrations of Figures 4 and 5
an adjustment head 40 is placed onto this upper end of the pile head 12 and firmly anc-
hored in a defined position on the pile head 12 via a connecting means 44 depicted
schematically only. To this end the connecting means 44 has hydraulic positioning cy-
linders, not illustrated, with which centering pins engage into the center holes 18 on the
sword 16 and thereby establish a firm form-locking connection.
The adjustment head 40 according to the invention has a plate-shaped base support 42
that rests on the upper side of the pile head 12. On an upper side of the base support
42 a measuring unit 46 and a control means 48 are arranged. The measuring unit 46 is
equipped with a plurality of position sensors so that these can determine a precise posi-
tion of the underwater foundation element 10 and in particular deviations with respect to
the vertical. By way of stationary coupling elements 54 an additional stable connection
can be established via the adjustment head 40 to the underwater working arrangement
20. Irrespective of the determined measurement data of the measuring unit 46 the at
least one positioning means 60 on the underwater working arrangement 20 can be ac-
tuated by way of the control means 48, which is connected via the supply line 70 to the
control 7 on the supply vessel 6, so that the position of the underwater foundation ele-
ment 10 is changed relative to the working platform 30.
On reaching the desired precise position of the underwater foundation element 10 in the
drill-hole, cement suspension for example is introduced via the attachment means 50,
indicated schematically only in Fig. 5, by means of a suspension supply through the ad-
justment head 40 from the supply vessel 6 into the interior of the pipe-shaped underwa-
ter foundation element 10. For this purpose a passage 56 reaching into the underwater
foundation element 10 is designed. On completion of anchoring of the underwater foun-
dation element 10 the adjustment head 40 is released from the underwater foundation
element 10 and retrieved via the supply line 70 onto the supply vessel 6. Afterwards, the
underwater working arrangement 20 is released from the underwater foundation ele-
ment 10 and removed via connection 72.
We Claim:
1. Method for producing an underwater foundation element in a bed of a body of
water, in which
a working platform for guiding a drilling tool is lowered to the bed of a body of
water,
- with the drilling tool a drill-hole is introduced into the bed of a body of water and
a pile-shaped underwater foundation element is arranged in the drill-hole and
anchored therein,
wherein
on the pile-shaped underwater foundation element a measuring unit is fixed,
through which positional data of the pile-shaped underwater foundation element
are determined and
depending on the determined positional data the position of the underwater
foundation element is set by means of at least one positioning means on the
working platform prior to anchoring.
2. Method according to claim 1,
wherein
the measuring unit is releasably fixed on an upper area of the underwater founda-
tion element and, after setting, is released again from the underwater foundation
element and removed.
3. Method according to claim 1,
wherein
by means of the at least one positioning means for setting the position of the un-
derwater foundation element positioning forces are generated which are transmitted
via an adjustment head and/or a receiving means of the working platform to the un-
derwater foundation element.
4. Method according to claim 3,
wherein
the positioning means is controlled via a control means which is arranged together
with the measuring unit on the adjustment head.
5. Adjustment head for an underwater foundation element comprising
a base support,
a connecting means for releasably connecting the adjustment head to the un-
derwater foundation element,
at least one measuring unit arranged on the base support for determining posi-
tional data of the underwater foundation element and
an attachment means for attaching and holding the adjustment head on a con-
necting line.
6. Adjustment head according to claim 5,
wherein
at least one coupling element is provided for establishing a connection of the ad-
justment head with a working platform receiving the underwater foundation element.
7. Adjustment head according to claim 6,
wherein
via the coupling element positioning forces can be transmitted from a positioning
means on the working platform to the adjustment head and the connected underwa-
ter foundation element.
8. Adjustment head according to claim 5,
wherein
the attachment means is designed to transmit electrical energy, hydraulic energy,
control signals and/or fluid for anchoring the underwater foundation element in the
bed of a body of water.
9. Adjustment head according to claim 5,
wherein
the attachment means has a passage for hardening fluid to an inner cavity of a
pipe-shaped underwater foundation element.
10. Underwater working arrangement for anchoring a pile-shaped underwater founda-
tion element in the bed of a body of water comprising
a submersible working platform and
a receiving means arranged on the working platform for the underwater founda-
tion element,
wherein
on the underwater foundation element an adjustment head according to claim 5
is fixed for determining positional data and
at least one positioning means is provided, with which a position of the under-
water foundation element in the receiving means can be adjusted depending on
the determined positional data.
11. Underwater working arrangement according to claim 10,
wherein
as positioning means
a twist means for twisting the pile-shaped underwater foundation element
around a center axis,
a lifting means for adjusting the underwater foundation element longitudinally of
the center axis and/or
a tilting means for adjusting the underwater foundation element transversely to
the center axis is provided.
12. Underwater working arrangement according to claim 10,
wherein
a control means is provided for controlling the at least one positioning means.

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for producing an underwater foundation element in a
bed of a body of water, in which a working platform for guiding a drilling tool is lowered
to the bed of a body of water, with the drilling tool a drill-hole is introduced into the bed
of a body of water and a pile-shaped underwater foundation element is arranged in the
drill-hole and anchored therein. A precise alignment is achieved in that on the pile-
shaped underwater foundation element a measuring unit is fixed, through which positional
data of the pile-shaped underwater foundation element are determined and in that
depending on the determined positional data the position of the underwater foundation
element is set by means of at least one positioning means on the working platform prior
to anchoring. In accordance with the invention the measuring unit is arranged on an adjustment
head.