TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of waste management and, in
particular, relates to a method for producing fuel using crop stubble and waste engine oil.
BACKGROUND
Over the last few years, continuous increase in pollution in air has /become
one of the biggest matters of concern for human health and environment. One of
the main causes of air pollution is the burning of crop stubble in the environment
15 after harvesting of crops. Farmers burn stubble that remains in the field after
reaping the wheat/paddy crops. The tendency to burn the stubble is on the rise
these days even after declaring the burning of stubble as an illegal activity. The
burning of stubble is harmful to both air and soil. It increases the particulate matter
in air and leads to smog with the release of harmful nitrates, sulphates, metals etc.
20 In addition, the burning of stubble causes risk of fire on the nearby farmland in
which crops are ready for harvesting. Further, the stubble burning under a
transmission line will result in carbonization of the conductors. The high
carbonization in the vicinity of a charged conductor may lead to phase to ground
fault and may also cause harm to human/animal moving under a charged line.
25 Based on the estimation, the harvesting of 3.0 T/ha wheat yielding crop results in a
stubble of approximate quantity of 5.0T/ha.
 Also every year, a high amount of waste engine oil is generated every year
owing to the continuous increment in the number of factories, industries and
30 vehicles. The waste engine oil comes under hazardous material category and it is
3
also a source of land pollution. In addition, the waste engine oil poses
environmental hazard as the waste engine oil possesses metal content and other
contaminants. Currently, the waste engine oil finds application in making grease
and in construction industry while casting concrete. Instead of having few
applications, there are few instances where the waste/ used engine 5 ine oil discharged
directly into drains and is dumped on the land which causes land and water
pollution.
 Thus, there is a need of a method which allows the gainful use of stubble
10 and waste/used engine oil to reduce the land and air pollution.
OBJECT OF THE DISCLOSURE
 A primary object of the present disclosure is to utilize crop stubble and
15 waste engine oil to produce fuel having high calorific value and at the same time
utilize the two materials whose unsafe disposal causes air/land pollution and is a
serious environmental concern.
 Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for the
20 production of fuel using waste products.
 Yet another object of the present disclosure is to use crop stubble and
waste engine oil gainfully for producing fuel.
25  Yet another object of the present disclosure is to reduce pollution in the
environment by using the crop stubble and the waste engine oil as a source for the
production of fuel.
SUMMARY
30
4
 In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the production
of fuel using crop stubble and waste engine oil. The method includes a first step of
mixing the crop stubble and the waste engine oil homogeneously in a ratio of about
1:2. In addition, the crop stubble and the waste engine oil are mixed in the ratio of
about 1:2 by weight. The method includes another step of allowing 5 ing the
settling/soaking of mixture of the crop stubble and the waste engine oil for about
12 hours to enable pieces of crop stubble to absorb the engine oil. The method
includes yet another step of converting the fuel obtained through mixing into a
plurality of fuel briquettes. The crop stubble used for the production of the fuel has
10 a moisture content of at most 10% for the production of the fuel with calorific value
varying in a range of about 4000 Kcal/kg-5000 Kcal/kg. The fuel obtained by
mixing the crop stubble and the waste engine oil when tested was found to have the
calorific value of about 4280 Kcal/Kg.
15  In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conversion of fuel into the
plurality of fuel briquettes is done at a pressure in a range of about 40 Mpa to 60
Mpa.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conversion of fuel into the
20 plurality of fuel briquettes is done at a temperature in a range of about 80-100
degree Celsius.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of fuel
briquettes has a shape selected from a group. The group includes cylindrical,
25 triangular, trapezoidal, circular and rectangular.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of fuel
briquettes has a density of about 700 kg/m3.
5
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel has the calorific value
of about 4280 Kcal/kg when the percentage of ash content in the fuel is 3.4 % and
the percentage of moisture content in the fuel is 7.2 %.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conversion of the fuel 5 uel into
the plurality of fuel briquettes is done in an extrusion machine equipped with solar
panel in order to offset the carbon footprints of the method.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mixing of the crop stubble
10 and the waste engine oil is done manually to increase the effective energy of the
fuel.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the effective energy of the fuel
corresponds to the difference of the energy consumed for the production of the fuel
15 and the energy released through the fuel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
 Having thus described the disclosure in general terms, reference will now
20 be made to the accompanying figures, wherein:
 FIG. 1 illustrates a method for the production of fuel, in accordance with
various embodiments of the present disclosure; and
25  FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method for the production of the fuel,
in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
 It should be noted that the accompanying figures are intended to present
illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. These figures are
6
not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should also be noted that
accompanying figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
5
 In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous
specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the
present technology. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the
10 present technology can be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form only in order to
avoid obscuring the present technology.
 Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”
15 means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection
with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present
technology. The appearance of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places
in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor
are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
20 Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some
embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described
which may be requirements for some embodiments but not for other embodiments.
 Moreover, although the following description contains many specifics for
25 the purposes of illustration, anyone skilled in the art will appreciate that many
variations and/or alterations to said details are within the scope of the present
technology. Similarly, although many of the features of the present technology are
described in terms of each other, or in conjunction with each other, one skilled in
the art will appreciate that many of these features can be provided independently
7
of other features. Accordingly, this description of the proposed innovation is set
forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the
present technology available for biomass briquetts.
 The present disclosure provides 5 s a method for the production of fuel using
waste products, in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the waste products include agricultural
waste product, industrial waste product and the like. In an example, the agricultural
waste product includes but may not be limited to crop residues such as straw, stalks,
10 leaves, seed pods and crop stubble. In general, the crop residues are the materials
left in an agricultural field or orchard after harvesting crops. The crop stubble and
straw are by-products of harvest. In addition, the crop stubble consists of chaff,
leaves and stalks. In other words, the crop stubble can be defined as the material
consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been
15 separated from the seeds. Further, the crop stubble includes high carbohydrate
content which facilitates in the production of bio-fuels. Moreover, the industrial
waste is the waste produced by industrial activity. The industrial waste includes
those materials which are rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as
that of factories, industries, mills and mining operations. In an example, the
20 industrial waste includes but may not be limited to industrial by-products, waste/
used engine oil, fuel, chemical solvents, ash, sludge and metals. In an example, the
waste/used engine oil refers to the used oil source from landfills, waste transfer
stations, work depots, hydraulic machines, transmission, automobile workshops,
motor, gear box and the like. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the waste
25 engine oil is a valuable resource for the production of fuels. In an embodiment of
the present disclosure, the waste engine oil may undergo various refinement stages
such as dewatering for removing the excess water from the used oil. In addition,
the waste engine oil is also termed as used engine oil.
8
 FIG. 1 illustrates a method for the production of fuel 108, in accordance
with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Crop stubble 102 and waste
engine oil 104 are used for the production of the fuel 108. In addition, the crop
stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 facilitate in achieving sustainable
development and reduce the emission of hazardous gases in the environm5 ent.
Further, use of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 prevents air
pollution, water/land pollution caused by unsafe disposal of the waste engine oil
104, burning of the crop stubble 102 and the like. The unsafe disposal of crop
stubble and the waste engine oil causes air/land pollution. In an example, the crop
10 stubble 102 used for the production of the fuel 108 is sourced from the farmers. In
another example, the crop stubble 102 may be sourced from one or more suitable
places or persons. In an example, the waste engine oil 104 is sourced from
automobile workshops. In another example, the waste engine oil is sourced from
one or more places.
15
 The method for the production of the fuel 108 using the crop stubble 102
and the waste engine oil 104 includes a set of steps. The set of steps include a first
step of mixing the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 in a ratio of about
1:2 for the production of the fuel 108. In addition, the mixing of the crop stubble
20 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is done by weight. In an example, the waste
engine oil is used in a quantity of about 2X Kg when the quantity of crop stubble
is X Kg. Further, the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 are mixed
homogeneously in the ratio of 1:2 (by weight) for the production of the fuel 108.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mixing of the crop stubble 102 and
25 the waste engine oil 104 is done in a mixing unit 106 for the production of the fuel
108. The mixing unit 106 is a place, unit or plant to mix the crop stubble 102 and
the waste engine oil 104. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mixing
of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is done manually in the mixing
unit 106 to increase the overall efficiency or effective energy of the fuel 108. In
30 other words, the mixing is done manually to prevent consumption of energy during
9
the production of the fuel 108. In another embodiment of the present disclosure,
the mixing of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is done
automatically in the mixing unit 106. In yet another embodiment of the present
disclosure, the mixing of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is done
semi-automatically. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel 5 108
obtained by mixing the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is termed as
“Green hydro-carbon mix” or “G-HCM”.
 The set of steps includes a second step of allowing settling/soaking of the
10 mixture of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 for about 12 hours.
In general, the settling/soaking is a process by which the waste engine oil 104 is
absorbed by pieces of the crop stubble 102. In an embodiment of the present
disclosure, one or more instruments or methods are used for testing the calorific
value of the fuel 108. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calorific
15 value of the fuel 108 obtained by allowing the settling/soaking of the mixture of
the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is in a range of about 4000
Kcal/kg to 5000 Kcal//kg. The calorific value of the fuel 108 in between the range
(4000 Kcal/kg to 5000 Kcal//kg) varies according to the change in the moisture
content of the crop stubble 102 used for the production of the fuel 108. Further,
20 the crop stubble 102 used for the production of fuel has moisture content of at most
10%. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calorific value of the fuel
108 is about 4280 Kcal/kg when the moisture content in the fuel 108 is 7.2% and
the ash content in the fuel 108 is 3.4%. In another embodiment of the present
disclosure, the fuel 108 may have any suitable range of calorific value with any
25 suitable percentage of ash and moisture content.
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel 108 obtained through
the mixing and the settling/soaking process is required to be converted into fuel
briquettes (fuel cakes) for cost effective transportation. The set of steps includes
30 include a third step of converting the fuel 108 into fuel cakes or a plurality of fuel
10
briquettes 112 for the ease of transportation. In an embodiment of the present
disclosure, briquette conversion unit 110 facilitates the conversion of the fuel 108
into the plurality of fuel briquettes 112. The briquette conversion unit 110 includes
one or more machines such as extrusion machine for the conversion of the fuel 108
into the plurality of fuel briquettes 112. 5 . In addition, the fuel 108 obtained through
the mixture of the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 is extruded in an
extrusion machine (the briquette conversion unit 110) for the conversion of the fuel
108 into the plurality of fuel briquettes 112. In general, the extrusion machine is
used for the extrusion of mixture to convert the fuel 108 into the plurality of fuel
10 briquettes 112. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the extrusion machine
shall be equipped with solar panel. In general, the solar panel is used for the
conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity. Thus, the extrusion machine
shall use the solar energy for the conversion of the fuel 108 into the plurality of fuel
briquettes 112 in order to offset the carbon footprints of the method.
15
 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conversion of the fuel 108
into the plurality of fuel briquettes 112 is done at a pressure in a range of about 40
Mpa to 60 Mpa. In addition, the conversion of the fuel 108 into the plurality of
fuel briquettes 112 is done at a temperature in a range of about 80 to100 degree
20 Celsius. Further, each of the plurality of fuel briquettes 112 may have a shape
selected from the group which includes cylindrical, triangular, trapezoidal, circular
and rectangular. Furthermore, each of the plurality of fuel briquettes 112 has a
density of about 700 kg/m3. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the
effective energy obtained through the fuel 108 is about 4000Kcal/Kg as manual
25 mixing and extrusion was done. The effective energy of the fuel 108 is defined as
the difference of released/output energy through the fuel 108 on burning and the
consumption energy during production of the fuel 108. In an example, 500 Kcal
energy is consumed for the production of the 1 kg of fuel whereas the obtained fuel
has calorific value of 4500Kcal/Kg energy on burning. Thus, the effective energy
11
of the fuel 108 can be measured as the difference of consumed energy and the
released energy of the fuel 108 which is 4000 (4500 – 500 = 4000) Kcal.
 FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart 200 of a method for producing the fuel 5 108
using the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104, in accordance with various
embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart 200 initiates at step 202.
Following step 202, at step 204, the method includes a first step of collecting the
dry crop stubble 102. At step 206, the method includes another step of collecting
10 the waste engine oil 104. At step 208, the method includes yet another step of
mixing the crop stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 homogeneously in a ratio
of about 1:2 by weight. At step 210, the method includes yet another step of
allowing the settling/soaking of the mixture of the crop stubble 102 and the waste
engine oil 104 for about 12 hours to enable pieces of the crop stubble 102 to absorb
15 the waste engine oil 104. At step 212, the method includes yet another step of
adding the binder to the settled/soaked mixture of the crop stubble 102 and the
waste engine oil 104 for mass production. At step 214, the method includes yet
another step of mixing the binder with the settled/soaked mixture of the crop
stubble 102 and the waste engine oil 104 at a specified temperature of 80 to 100
20 degree Celsius to obtain the fuel 108. At step 216, the method includes yet another
step of the testing the calorific value, moisture and ash content of the fuel. The
flow chart 200 terminates at step 218.
 It may be noted that the flowchart 200 is explained to have above stated
25 process steps; however, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the
flowchart 200 may have more/less number of process steps which may enable all
the above stated embodiments of the present disclosure.
 The fuel (G-HCM) has numerous advantages over the fuels available in
30 the prior art. The fuel (G-HCM) is made of waste material such as crop stubble
12
and waste engine oil, which are hazardous to the environment when burn or dispose
directly in the environment. Thus, the fuel (G-HCM) uses crop stubble and the
waste engine oil to prevent land pollution and air pollution. In addition, the fuel
(G-HCM) has high calorific value with less ash content. Further, the fuel (G-HCM)
replaces a large quantity of coal in the energy chain and thus helps in r5 educing
carbon foot-print. Furthermore, the burning of crop stubble in the environment
causes damage to the transmission line/substation, thus using the fuel (G-HCM)
avoids the instances of damage to transmission line/substation. Also utilizing the
crop stubble for the gainful production of the fuel (G-HCM) will avoid hazards
10 caused to technicians working on transmission tower because of the burning of crop
stubble. Moreover, the use of crop stubble for the production of fuel (G-HCM)
leads to setting up of industries in the vicinity of rural areas where crop stubble is
available in abundance. The production of fuel (G-HCM) leads to generation of
jobs close to rural areas.
15
 The foregoing descriptions of pre-defined embodiments of the present
technology have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They
are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present technology to the precise
forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in
20 light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order
to best explain the principles of the present technology and its practical application,
to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present technology and
various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use
contemplated. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of
25 equivalents are contemplated as circumstance may suggest or render expedient, but
such are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing
from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present technology.

CLAIMS
What is claimed is:
1. A method for producing fuel (108) using crop stubble (102) and waste
5 engine oil (104) comprising:
mixing the crop stubble (102) and the waste engine oil (104)
homogeneously in a ratio of about 1:2, wherein the crop stubble (102) and
the waste engine oil (104) are mixed in the ratio of about 1:2 by weight;
allowing settling/soaking of the mixture of the crop stubble
10 (102) and the waste engine oil (104) for about 12 hours to allow pieces of
the crop stubble (102) to absorb the waste engine oil (104); and
converting the fuel (108) obtained through mixing into a
plurality of fuel briquettes (112),
wherein the crop stubble (102) used for the production of the
15 fuel (108) has a moisture content of at most 10% for the production of the fuel
(108) with the calorific value varying in a range of about 4000 Kcal/kg-5000
Kcal/kg wherein the fuel (108) obtained by mixing the crop stubble (102) and
the waste engine oil (104) when tested was found to have the calorific value of
about 4280 Kcal/Kg.
20 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the conversion of the fuel
(108) into the plurality of fuel briquettes (112) using mass production machine
is done at a pressure in a range of about 40 Mpa to 60 Mpa.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the conversion of the fuel
25 (108) into the plurality of fuel briquettes (112) is done at a temperature in a
range of about 80 to100 degree Celsius.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of fuel
briquettes (112) has a shape selected from a group, wherein the group
30 comprising cylindrical, triangular, trapezoidal, circular, and rectangular.
14
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of fuel
briquettes (112) shall have estimated density of about 700 kg / m3.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the fuel (108) has 5 as the
calorific value of about 4280 Kcal/kg when the percentage of ash content in the
fuel is 3.4% and the percentage of moisture content in the fuel is 7.2%.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the conversion of the fuel
10 (108) into the plurality of fuel briquettes (112) can be done in an extrusion
machine equipped with solar panel in order to offset the carbon footprints of
the method.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the mixing of the crop stubble
15 (102) and the waste engine oil (104) is done manually to increase the effective
energy of the fuel (108).
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein effective energy of the fuel
(108) corresponds to the difference of the energy consumed for the production
20 of the fuel (108) and the energy released through the fuel (108).