Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates generally to real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward and more particularly to a method for real time compensation of leakage in a ventilator system based on the real time data.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
[0003] Different technologies exist to solve the problem of leakage compensation in a ventilator system used in hospitals. For example, existing technologies include usage of proximal sensors to determine the most accurate leakage as the proximal sensor is located near the patient Y-Piece. Such a proximal sensor is connected to the ventilator system though a wire that sends the data associated with flow and pressure at the patient Y-Piece thereby providing real time pressure and flow data near the patient. If the pressure at the Y-piece drops below the set Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) value, then a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is used to compensate for the drop in pressure. The proximal sensor is also used for initiation of trigger breath in case the breath is initiated by patient. However, this method may need expensive hardware setup and feedback systems and its connection between the ventilator and patient Y-piece which is required for signal conditioning and compliance to various hardware standards.
[0004] Yet another existing solution uses neural networks for the determination of leakage and the corresponding compensation. Certain other systems use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms for determination of leakage and compensation. Still, further solutions use Inspiratory and Expiratory volume over a breath to determine leakage and compensate in the next breath. However, these solutions may need a complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms that tend to burden the system processing the large information that increases the overall cost of the component used in the system. Furthermore, such an implementation makes the hardware and software system complex and more susceptible to errors.
[0005] Further, in certain scenarios, the determination of the physical parameters of the system by using the sensor feedback and approximation of system correction parameters to achieve the required leakage calculation and compensation can be prone to a false determination of control parameters. Such a false determination directly affects the parameters set by a user (e.g., admin user) and consequently, the system is unable to deliver the required performance.
[0006] There is, therefore, a requirement in the art for a system and a method for providing real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system that addresses at least the above mentioned problems in the art.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, facilitating accurate leakage calculation and compensation to deliver the required performance.
[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, which are compact, easy to use ventilator system to support patients.
[0012] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, to employ non-invasive mechanisms to interface with the patient.
[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, incorporating the Positive End Expiration Pressure parameter which eliminates critical conditions associated with the breathing cycles of the patient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0015] The present invention relates generally to real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward and more particularly to a method for real time compensation of leakage in a ventilator system based on the real time data.
[0016] In an aspect, the present invention provides a system for leakage compensation in a ventilator device. The system can comprise a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller configured to detect a leakage of a ventilator gas in the ventilator device in runtime time due to a plurality of factors. Further, the PID controller can be configured to maintain a pre-set Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in the ventilator device during an inspiration cycle based on the detected leakage. Finally, the PID controller can be configured to maintain a constant bias and a Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) pressure by a Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) during an expiration cycle of the ventilator device, based at least on the detected leakage and a bias flow that is correspondingly set during the inspiration cycle.
[0017] In an aspect, the plurality of external factors comprises one or more of: wear and tear of a plurality of gas hoses connected to the ventilator device, malfunctioning of a plurality of gas valves comprised in and/or connected to the ventilator device, and sudden movement of the ventilator device
[0018] In an aspect, the PID controller can be communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors in the ventilator device and is configured to receive one or more sensor signals from the plurality of sensors
[0019] In an aspect, the one or more sensor signals are indicative of a drop in pressure in the ventilator device beyond a predetermined threshold pressure
[0020] In an aspect, the PID controller can determine the leakage in the ventilator device based at least on the one or more sensor signals
[0021] In an aspect, the ventilator device operates in a non-invasive mode of ventilation wherein a mask is used for the delivery of ventilator gas into the lungs of a patient by positive pressure.
[0022] In an aspect, the PID controller can be configured to detect the leakage at a plurality of points in a patient circuit comprised of the ventilator device
[0023] In an aspect, an inspiration and expiration limb of the patient circuit is connected to an inspiration and expiration port of the ventilator device
[0024] In an aspect, the plurality of points in the patient circuit corresponds to one or more of: a connection with a humidifier, a connection with a plurality of filters, a connection with a plurality of water traps, a connecting tubing
[0025] In an aspect, a non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode, during the inspiration cycle, the PID controller can be configured to achieve the pre-set Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) above the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) set by a user by providing the pre-set pressure to a plurality of pneumatic valves in the ventilator device
[0026] In an aspect, wherein the ventilator gas corresponds to a mixture of air and oxygen that is delivered to a humidifier by taking into consideration a pre-set Fio2 by a user
[0027] In an aspect, during the expiration cycle, to maintain the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), the PID controller is further configured to control the VCA in a way such that an inspired volume of ventilator gas is exhaled by a patient until the pre-set PEEP is reached
[0028] In an aspect, when the pre-set PEEP is reached, the PID controller is further configured to control the VCA such that the constant bias flow in the patient circuit is maintained on pneumatic valves in the ventilator device
[0029] In an aspect, a method for leakage compensation in a ventilator device. The method configuring a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for detecting, in runtime time, a leakage of ventilator gas in the ventilator device due to a plurality of factors. The PID controller configuring for maintaining, during an inspiration cycle of the ventilator device, a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in the ventilator device based on the determined leakage. Finally, the PID controller configuring for maintaining a constant bias and a Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) by a Ventilator Connector with Adaptor (VCA) during an expiration cycle of the ventilator device, based at least on a bias flow that is set during the inspiration cycle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that invention of such drawings includes the invention of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed logic for real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary graph showing leakage calculation and compensation that starts when the expiration flow decreases below a predetermined level (e.g., 3LPM) above a set bias flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0035] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0036] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0037] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth.
[0038] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0039] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0040] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0041] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0043] The following terms/acronyms have been used in the disclosure:
[0044] Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)- may refer to a value that can be set up in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. PEEP also refers to the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. There are two types of PEEPs -extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
[0045] Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)- may refer to the highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation. In mechanical ventilation, it may refer to positive pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O).
[0046] Proportional Integral derivative (PID) controller – may refer to a control loop mechanism employing feedback that is used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control. A PID controller may continuously calculate an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.
[0047] Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)- may refer to use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.
[0048] Invasive ventilation (IV) – or mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), may refer to use of a machine (e.g., a ventilator) to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
[0049] Embodiments of systems and methods disclose real time compensation of leakage in a ventilator system based on real time data obtained from sensors connected at different points of the ventilator and patient circuit. In an embodiment, the disclosed method allows to determine changes in leakage due to various external factors of the ventilator system in runtime time. In yet another embodiment, the inspiration cycle is less likely to be affected due to leakage because the Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) is achieved irrespective of the leakage since a PID control algorithm (implemented in the system) directly takes into account the required pressure to be achieved. This is not the case during the expiration cycle because during the expiration cycle, the PID control algorithm on the valves is used to maintain a constant bias and pressure during the expiration cycle by a Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) by taking into account the bias flow set from the inspiration. In an embodiment, the disclosed logic takes into account the patient’s breathing such that it is not affected due to compensation provided, because the condition taken into consideration for compensation can be trigger by the patient itself.
[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed logic for real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] In an embodiment, the system 100 for leakage compensation in a ventilator device comprises a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller on Voice Coil Actuator 106. The ventilator device operates in a non-invasive mode of ventilation, where a mask is used for delivery of ventilator gas into the lungs of a patient by a positive pressure. The system 100 comprises an oxygen source 132 and an air source 130 coupled to a pressure regulator 134, and 128, respectively. The pressure regulator 134, 128 can be configured to control the pressure of a fluid or gas to a desired value, using negative feedback from the controlled pressure. The pressure regulator 134 can be coupled to an ON/OFF valve 102, to control the flow of oxygen. The ON/OFF valve 102 can be further coupled to a differential pressure sensor 104 configured to measure the difference in pressure at one or more ports.
[0052] Further, the PID controller on the Voices Coil Actuator 106 is coupled with a voice coil actuator 108, where the PID controller 106 can be configured to receive the flow of oxygen is received with positive pressure and transmitted to the patient through an expiratory limb 114 of an expiration port via a Y-piece 116.
[0053] Further, the pressure regulator 128 receives the air from air source 130, and the pressure regulator 134 receives the oxygen from oxygen source 132. A proportional valve 136, 126 provides the received air and oxygen to a mixing chamber 138 which is associated with a pressure sensor 126. The ventilator gas corresponds to a mixture of air and oxygen that is delivered to a humidifier 122 by taking into consideration a pre-set Fio2 by a user. The combined air and oxygen are provided to the humidifier 122, which adds moisture to the received air to prevent dryness that can irritate many parts of the body of a patient. Finally, the flow of oxygen and air is transmitted to the patient 118 through an inspiration limb 120 of an inspiration port via a Y-piece 116.
[0054] In an embodiment, the system 100 includes the PID controller 106 communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors 104, 106, in the ventilator device and the PID controller 106 can be configured to receive one or more sensor signals from the plurality of sensors 104, 106. The one or more sensor signals are indicative of a drop in pressure in the ventilator device beyond a predetermined threshold pressure. The PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 can be configured to detect, a leakage of a ventilator gas in the ventilator device during runtime time, due to a plurality of factors. The PID controller can determine the leakage in the ventilator device based at least on the one or more sensor signals.
[0055] In an embodiment, a non-invasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode, during the inspiration cycle, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 can be configured to achieve the pre-set Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) above the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) set by a user by providing the pre-set pressure to a plurality of pneumatic valves in the ventilator device. In another embodiment, the PID controller 106 can maintain a pre-set Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) during an inspiration cycle of the ventilator device based on the detected leakage.
[0056] In another embodiment, during the expiration cycle, to maintain the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 is further configured to control the VCA in a way such that an inspired volume of ventilator gas is exhaled by a patient until the pre-set PEEP is reached. When the pre-set PEEP is reached, the PID controller 106 is further configured to control the VCA such that the constant bias flow in the patient circuit is maintained on pneumatic valves in the ventilator device. In another embodiment, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 can maintain a constant bias and a Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) pressure during an expiration cycle, by the Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) 106 based at least on the detected leakage and a bias flow that is correspondingly set during the inspiration cycle.
[0057] In another embodiment, the system 100 can provide real time leakage compensation in non-invasive modes of ventilation, where the mask is used for delivery of oxygen rich air into the lungs via positive pressure. The system 100 can determine and compensate for the leakage at different points in the patient circuit. For the logic to properly determine and compensate for any leakage in the patient circuit, the inspiration limb 120 and the expiration limb 114 of the patient circuit shall be connected to the inspiration and expiration port of the ventilator. The system 100 can ensure appropriate behavior and determination of leakage at all other possible points of connection in the patient circuit. For example, the connection of humidifier 122/filters/water traps/connecting tubing.
[0058] In another embodiment, in a non-invasive CPAP mode, in the inspiration cycle, the set Positive Inspiration Pressure above PEEP set by the user is achieved by providing the set point of pressure to the pneumatic valves. The mixture of air and oxygen is delivered by taking into consideration the set Fio2 by user. During the expiration phase to maintain the positive end expiration pressure the VCA is controlled in a way such that the inspired volume is exhaled by the patient until the set positive end expiratory pressure is reached. When the set peep is reached the VCA is controlled such that it maintains a constant bias flow in the patient circuit using PID control algorithm on the valves and on the Voice Coil Actuator 106. The positive end expiration pressure is a critical parameter for the patient lungs and its recovery as it provides a means to prevent the collapse of alveoli during the expiration phase which prevents harm to the patient’s lung condition due to low pressure in lungs.
[0059] In an embodiment, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 can be configured to determine the leakage of the expiration phase of the breath cycle. For this purpose, a bias flow of 3LPM is set at the inspiratory side. Since, there is a flow of 3 LPM from the inspiration limb 120 the expiratory VCA actuator 108 has the set points to maintain pressure and at the same time provide the means for the 3LPM flow to pass through the expiration tube. Thus, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 can be configured to calculate the error of real time flow i.e. equation (1), through the expiratory limb 114 with a constant factor which depends on the sensor resolution of the pressure sensor and flow sensor.
Vca_error = (current_pressure – pressure_set point) + K*(current_exp_flow – set_exp_flow) ------------ Equation (1)
where, the factor K is determined such that resolution of pressure sensor is substantially similar to the resolution of flow sensor.
[0060] In an embodiment, the system 100 can be divided into two steps. Firstly, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 determines the leakage in the system 100 by detecting the leakage during expiration phase of the breathing cycle by enabling a bias flow of 3LPM set at the inspiratory side. Secondly, the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 compensate for the determined leakage in the system 100 by using breath-by-breath compensation to pre-determine the leakage and compensate for it beforehand and provide more accurate compensation for the leakage in consecutive breaths.
[0061] In an embodiment, the average value of the inspiration flow set point is used in the expiration phase until the flow required in the expiratory limb 114 is achieved. This average value of the inspiration flow set point is directly used for compensating the leakage in the expiration cycle of the next breath. The average value provides the start point for the inspiration flow setpoint and also helps the disclosed algorithm to predict the actual leakage even in the case when there is insufficient time for the calculation of leakage. Accordingly, the data of inspiration flow set point from the previous breath is used for compensation in the next consecutive breaths and so on.
[0062] In an embodiment, one of the important factors of the proposed method for real time compensation of leakage in a ventilator system is tuning of the gain factors. As the gain factors directly affect the patients work of breath. In addition, the sensitivity of the flow trigger breath by the patient is affected by the tuning gains.
[0063] In an embodiment, the gains are tuned by the PID controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 and valves 136 and 126 such that the compensation provided by the disclosed mechanism does not affect the patient’s work of breathing. This is because if the compensation values are drastically high then a lot of effort is required by the lungs of the patient to trigger the next/subsequent breath which may cause the patient to feel exhausted.
[0064] Further, it has been assumed that once the leakage has been obtained, there are no drastic changes in the leakage flow due to the movement of patient or mask. Alternatively, the disclosed method for real time compensation of leakage in a ventilator system does not assume that once the leakage is determined it remains constant throughout the operation. In an embodiment, the leakage may change considerably according to the ventilator system conditions. In a scenario when the leakage considerably increases beyond a critical or threshold value, then the positive end expiration pressure decreases. If the pressure trigger is not set and flow trigger is set and then if the peep pressure decreases below 30% of its set value, a trigger breath is initiated to prevent the peep pressure to drop any further. This feature is added as a safety feature in case the disclosed logic is unable to deliver the required compensation for leakage and the peep pressure drops below the acceptable levels.
[0065] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward implementation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0066] In an embodiment, method 200 discloses leakage compensation in a ventilator device. Method 200 can include the step of configuring a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller on the Voice Coil Actuator 106 to detect a leakage of ventilator gas in runtime time within the ventilator device due to a plurality of factors. At step 202, the method includes the step of assigning the inspiration flow set point which varies (default value of 3 LPM during the first breath) during the expiration phase. In order to, achieve the required bias flow at the expiratory limb 114 and compensates for the leakage in the ventilator system without a drop in the positive end expiration phase. In case there is no leakage in the ventilator system, then the flow from the inspiration port should be equal to the flow from the expiration port.
[0067] At step 204, Let the flow difference be denoted as by delta_flow which is given by the below equation (2):
delta_flow = inspiration_flow- expiration_flow ------------ Equation (2)
[0068] At step 206, if delta_flow = “0”, it means that there is no or almost 0 leakage in the patient circuit or the ventilation system. At step 208, However, in case of a leakage in the ventilator system, delta_flow will not be equal to “0”. This logic aims to ensure that the delta_flow is close to 0 at each instance during the expiration cycle.
[0069] At step 210, as per the above step 208, if the delta_flow is greater than 0 then inspiration flow is increased by a factor of K1. At step 212, when the delta_flow is less than 0 then inspiration flow is decreased by a factor of K2. Further, at step 214, this inspiration flow set point is calculated and fed to the PID controller at every time instance of the correction algorithm which runs until the desired result of delta_flow = 0 is achieved.
[0070] In an embodiment, the difference between the inspiration flow and the expiration flow measured after the patient has exhaled the inspired volume and the flow through the expiratory limb 114 has decreased below a certain value above the set bias flow value. The inspiration flow refers to the initially set value at 3LPM after the start of the expiration cycle only during the first expiration phase. The set bias flow value refers to both inclusive conditions, and the difference is calculated only after both conditions are satisfied.
[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, let the flow difference be named delta_flow which is mentioned in the above equation (2). If delta_flow = 0, it means that there is no or almost 0 leakage in the patient circuit. But, in case of leakage in the system delta_flow will not be equal to 0. This logic aims to ensure that the delta_flow is close to 0 at each instance during the expiration cycle.
[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary graph showing leakage calculation and compensation that starts when the expiration flow decreases below a predetermined level (e.g., 3LPM) above a set bias flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0073] In an embodiment, the graph 300 discloses the leakage calculation and compensation begins when the expiration flow decreases below 3LPM above the set bias flow as 302, 304 indicated in FIG.3.
[0074] In an embodiment, the inspiration flow set point varies (default value of 3LPM during the first breath) during the expiration phase to achieve the required bias flow at the expiratory limb 114 and compensate for the leakage in the system 100 without a drop in the positive end expiration phase. In case, if there is no leakage in the system 100, then the flow from the inspiration port should be equal to the flow from the expiration port.
[0075] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 4, computer system 800 can include an external storage device 410, a bus 420, a main memory 430, a read only memory 440, a mass storage device 450, communication port 460, and a processor 470. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system may include more than one processor and communication ports. Examples of processor 470 include, but are not limited to, an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium 2 processor(s), or AMD® Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), Motorola® lines of processors, FortiSOC™ system on chip processors or other future processors. Processor 870 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present invention. Communication port 460 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fibre, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. Communication port 460 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which computer system connects. Memory 430 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. Read-only memory 440 can be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or BIOS instructions for processor 470. Mass storage 450 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays),
[0077] Bus 420 communicatively couples processor(s) 870 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. Bus 420 can be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects processor 470 to software system.
[0078] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to bus 420 to support direct operator interaction with a computer system. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through communication port 460. The external storage device 410 can be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc – Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc-Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0079] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented merely as illustrative of the invention and not as limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0080] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system.
[0081] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0082] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, facilitating accurate leakage calculation and compensation to deliver the required performance.
[0083] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, which are compact, easy to use ventilator system to support patients.
[0084] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, to employ a non-invasive mechanism to interface with the patient.
[0085] The present disclosure provides real time leakage compensation with feedback and feedforward in a ventilator system, the Positive End Expiration Pressure parameter which eliminates critical conditions associated with breathing cycles of the patient.

, Claims:1. A system for leakage compensation in a ventilator device, the system comprising:
a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller (106) configured to:
detect, in runtime time, a leakage of a ventilator gas in the ventilator device due to a plurality of factors;
maintain, during an inspiration cycle of the ventilator device, a pre-set Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in the ventilator device based on the detected leakage; and
maintain, during an expiration cycle of the ventilator device, a constant bias and a Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) pressure by a Ventilator Connector based at least on the detected leakage and a bias flow that is correspondingly set during the inspiration cycle.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of external factors comprises one or more of: wear and tear of a plurality of gas hoses connected to the ventilator device, malfunctioning of a plurality of gas valves comprised in and/or connected to the ventilator device, and sudden movement of the ventilator device.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the PID controller (106) is communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors in the ventilator device and is configured to receive one or more sensor signals from the plurality of sensors.

4. The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more sensor signals are indicative of a drop in pressure in the ventilator device beyond a predetermined threshold pressure.

5. The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PID controller (106) determines the leakage in the ventilator device based at least on the one or more sensor signals.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilator device operates in a non-invasive mode of ventilation wherein a mask is used for delivery of ventilator gas into lungs of a patient by a positive pressure.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PID controller (106) is configured to detect the leakage at a plurality of points in a patient circuit comprised in the ventilator device.

8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein an inspiration limb (120) and an expiration limb (114) of the patient circuit is connected to an inspiration and expiration port of the ventilator device.

9. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of points in the patient circuit corresponds to one or more of: a connection with a humidifier (122), a connection with a plurality of filters, a connection with a plurality of water traps, a connecting tubing.

10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in a non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode, during the inspiration cycle, the PID controller (106) is configured to achieve the pre-set Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) above the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) set by a user by providing the pre-set pressure to a plurality of pneumatic valves in the ventilator device.

11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilator gas corresponds to a mixture of air and oxygen that is delivered to a humidifier (122) by taking into consideration a pre-set Fio2 by a user.
12. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the expiration cycle, to maintain the Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), the PID controller (106) is further configured to control the VCA in a way such that an inspired volume of ventilator gas is exhaled by a patient until the pre-set PEEP is reached.

13. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein when the pre-set PEEP is reached, the PID controller (106) is further configured to control the VCA such that the constant bias flow in the patient circuit is maintained on pneumatic valves in the ventilator device.

14. A method for leakage compensation in a ventilator device, the method comprising:

configuring a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller on Voice Coil Actuator(106) to:
detecting, in runtime time, a leakage of ventilator gas in the ventilator device due to a plurality of factors;
maintaining, during an inspiration cycle of the ventilator device, a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in the ventilator device based on the determined leakage; and
maintaining, during an expiration cycle of the ventilator device, a constant bias flow and a Positive end Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) by a the Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) coupled to the PID controller (106) based at least on a bias flow that is set during the inspiration cycle.