Process for recycling textile material containing cellulose

The invention relates to a method for reusing or recycling textile material containing cellulose.

Viscose fibers are chemical fibers or regenerated fibers that are produced using a wet spinning process called viscose. The starting raw material of the viscose process is cellulose, which is provided on the basis of wood. The high-purity cellulose in the form of chemical pulp is obtained from this raw material, wood. In

In successive process stages, the pulp is first treated with caustic soda, which forms alkali cellulose. In a subsequent

The reaction of this alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide forms cellulose xanthate. From this, the viscose spinning solution is generated by adding more sodium hydroxide solution, which is then fed into a spinneret through the holes of shower-like spinnerets

Spinning bath is pumped. A viscose filament is created there by coagulation per spinneret hole. The viscose filaments produced in this way are then cut into viscose staple fibers.

Lyocell is the name of a type of regenerated fiber containing cellulose that is produced using a direct solvent process. The cellulose is extracted from the raw material wood for the Lyocell process. The pulp obtained in this way can then be dissolved in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), a solvent, by removing water without chemical modification, filtered and

are then pressed through spinnerets. The filaments formed in this way are precipitated after passing through an air gap in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution and then cut into staple fibers.

The Lyocell process as well as the

Viscose process mainly the raw material wood or what is made from it

Pulp used.

It is an object of the present invention to produce moldings comprising cellulose in an efficient manner, in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

This task is independent from the subject

Claim solved. Preferred refinements result from the dependent claims.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for reusing (or recycling) cellulose-containing textile material for the production of regenerated cellulosic molded bodies (in particular consisting of cellulose) is created

Textile material is comminuted, at least a part of non-fiber components of the comminuted textile material from fiber components of the comminuted

Textile material is separated, at least a part of non-cellulosic fibers of the fiber components is mechanically separated from cellulosic fibers of the fiber components, at least another part of the non-cellulosic fibers is chemically separated from the cellulosic fibers, and the

Shaped bodies are produced based on the cellulosic fibers after the mechanical separation and the chemical separation.

In the context of this application, the term “cellulose” can be understood in particular as an organic compound which is a component of plant cell walls or which can be produced synthetically. Cellulose is a

Polysaccharide (i.e. a polysaccharide). Cellulose is unbranched and typically has several hundred to tens of thousands of ß-D-glucose molecules (ß-1,4-glycosidic bond) or cellobiose units. Plants build cellulose fibers from cellulose molecules in a controlled manner. With a technical process, cellulose molecules can form

Regenerated fibers are stored together, for example as tear-resistant fibers.

In the context of this application, the term "molding"

in particular a two- or three-dimensional geometric body can be understood which is a result of a method for producing or recovering cellulose. In particular, a shaped body can be understood to mean a two- or three-dimensional object which has or consists of cellulose and is produced from dissolved cellulose. Shaped bodies can in particular be Lyocell shaped bodies, viscose shaped bodies or Modal shaped bodies. Typical molded bodies are filaments, fibers, sponges and / or films. In principle, all types of cellulose moldings are suitable for

Embodiments of the invention. Both as fibers

Endless filaments as well as cut staple fibers with conventional

Dimensions (for example, 38 mm length) and short fibers to be understood. Both methods are used for the production of fibers

Extraction devices after one or more extrusion nozzles as well as other processes, such as in particular melt-blowing processes, are possible. As an alternative to fibers, a cellulose-containing film can also be produced as the shaped body, ie a flat and essentially homogeneous film with or from cellulose. Foils can in particular be produced by setting the process parameters of a Lyocell process, at least in part, to initiate coagulation only after the filaments have hit a receiving surface. Films can be understood to mean flat cellulose molded bodies, the thickness of these films being adjustable (for example by selecting a number of serially arranged nozzle bars). Other embodiments of a molded body are a woven fabric and a fleece made of cellulose filaments or

Cellulose filaments ("elt blown"). Here, under a fabric, in particular a flat textile structure composed of at least two (preferably at right angles or almost at right angles) crossed thread systems (or

Fiber systems) are understood, with threads (or fibers) in the longitudinal direction as warp threads and threads (or fibers) in the transverse direction as weft threads

can be designated. A fleece or nonwoven can be referred to as a disordered structure (in particular in a random layer) made of filaments or fibers or cut yarns of limited length, which form a

Fiber layer or a fiber pile joined together and (in particular

frictionally) are connected to each other. A shaped body can also be created in the shape of a sphere. Particles containing cellulose, such as, in particular, beads (ie a granulate or globules) or flakes, which can be further processed in this form, can also be provided as molded bodies. Possible cellulose molded bodies are therefore also particulate structures such as granules, spherical powders or fibrids. A shaped body is preferably shaped by extrusion of a cellulose-containing spinning solution through an extrusion nozzle, since in this way large quantities of cellulose shaped bodies can be produced with a very uniform shape. Another possible cellulose molded body is a sponge or, more generally, a porous molded body.

Composite materials are used.

Stockings or textile semi-finished products). Textile materials in the form of products or finished products can be made available to a further processor or consumer using the aforementioned products.

In the context of this application, the term "mechanical separation" can in particular be understood to mean at least one separation procedure in which mixtures of different properties are separated from one another or from a carrier medium. Possible mechanical separation methods for substances from a carrier medium include filtration, sedimentation and separation Possible methods of separating substances with different properties can be floating, sieving, separation according to density or other properties, such as

Magnetism, conductivity, surface, etc., be.

In the context of this application, the term “chemical separation” can in particular be understood to mean at least one separation procedure which makes use of a chemical separation mechanism in which at least one of the species to be separated can be chemically converted into another substance during the separation In a chemical separation, one species (for example non-cellulosic fibers) is selectively degraded compared to another species (for example cellulosic fibers). In chemical separation processes, substances or compounds can be separated using chemical properties and chemical reactions. Examples of chemical Separation processes are separation due to different solubility, separation due to chemical structure, etc.

In the context of this application, the term “fiber components” or “fiber-related components” can be understood to mean, in particular, components (for example shredded pieces of textile) of the textile material which consist entirely or essentially of fibers, or at least some of them

predominant part of fiber material (for example at least 80

Percent by weight fibers, more particularly at least 90 percent by weight fibers). The term "fibrous ingredients" refers to

accordingly to components of the textile material which are characterized by their character by fibers and which at most have a subordinate part of components that do not show any fiber character. For example, fibers of textile material can comprise cellulose fibers such as lyocell fibers, viscose fibers and / or cotton fibers. In addition, the fibers can also have synthetic fibers such as polyester and / or elastane.

In the context of this application, the term "non-fiber components" or "non-fiber-related components" can in particular

Components (for example shredded pieces of textile) of the textile material are understood that consist entirely or essentially not of fiber material or at least have a predominant part of materials that are different from fiber material (for example at most 20 percent by weight of fibers, further in particular at most 10 percent by weight of fibers exhibit). Non-fiber components of textile material can be used for

Example have buttons and zippers.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a

Process for the production of molded bodies containing cellulose from textile materials to be recycled, preferably old clothes and / or textile manufacturing residues. Although such starting materials are usually as mixed textile fabrics with a high degree of inhomogeneity of their

Composition and with a high proportion of foreign substances (for example

Polyester seams and elastane fibers) and foreign bodies (e.g. buttons and zippers) are present and have therefore not previously been considered for the production of cellulose moldings with high purity, moldings can also be produced on the basis of old clothes, yarn waste, cuttings and the like using the method described become. With a corresponding method, the textile materials can first be comminuted. After that, larger foreign bodies that are not in the form of fibers can be separated off to a large extent. The remaining fiber components can then first be subjected to a mechanical treatment to mechanically separate cellulose fibers from other fibers and then to a chemical treatment to chemically separate the cellulose fibers from other fibers still remaining on them after the mechanical treatment. The result is relatively pure cellulose components, from which chemical regenerated fibers can be produced (for example using the Lyocell process or the viscose process). This procedure is simple, environmentally friendly and can advantageously be implemented on an industrial scale without any problems. In the from which chemical regenerated fibers can be produced (for example by means of the Lyocell process or by means of the viscose process). This procedure is simple, environmentally friendly and can advantageously be implemented on an industrial scale without any problems. In the from which chemical regenerated fibers can be produced (for example by means of the Lyocell process or by means of the viscose process). This procedure is simple, environmentally friendly and can advantageously be implemented on an industrial scale without any problems. In the

described manner, it is efficiently made possible to contain cellulose

Sustainable production of moldings from recycled textile material.

Additional exemplary embodiments of the method are described below

described.

According to one embodiment, the shredding of the textile material can include shredding. In particular, the textile material can be comminuted (for example using at least one guillotine) into textile pieces with an average size of, for example, a few centimeters. It has been found that textile material comminuted in this way is very well suited to subsequently separating fiber components from non-fiber components.

According to one embodiment, when separating at least some of the non-fiber components, foreign substances from a group can be separated from the rest of the textile material, which consists of buttons,

Zippers, seams and textile printing. A separation criterion can be, for example, the size and / or a material of the non-fiber components.

According to one embodiment, the non-fiber components can be separated from the fiber components on the basis of different physical properties, in particular by means of metal deposition and / or gravitational deposition. Metallic components (e.g. zippers, rivets, etc.) can be separated due to their magnetic properties. Also different influences of the

Gravitational force on different components can be used to separate.

According to one embodiment, the mechanical separation can take place based on differences in density between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers. For example, in a centrifuge

Materials of different density due to different strength

Centrifugal forces are separated. After the components have been transferred into a liquid medium, due to their different densities, some of them can collect on the surface, while other components float or settle on the bottom.

According to one embodiment, the mechanical separation can take place based on different electrostatic properties between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers. Due to

With different electrostatic properties, the different fibers can react in different ways to an applied electric field.

This in turn allows cellulosic fibers to be separated from non-cellulosic fibers.

According to an embodiment, the mechanical separation can be a

Suspending (ie transferring into a suspension) the fiber components in a liquid medium, in particular an aqueous medium, and a

Separating the non-cellulosic fibers from the cellulosic fibers due to different physical properties in the liquid medium

(in particular different gravitational, centrifugal force-related, flotative and / or electrostatic properties). When the different fibers in a liquid medium due to their

show different behavior with different compositions, this also allows the different fiber components to be separated.

According to one embodiment, the liquid medium can have at least one additive to reinforce the different physical properties, in particular a dispersant and / or a swelling agent. A dispersant or dispersants can be understood to mean, in particular, additives which enable or stabilize the dispersion, that is to say fine distribution of a substance (for example a fiber) in a continuous medium (for example in a liquid). A swelling agent can be understood to mean, in particular, additives which promote swelling of a substance. Swelling can be understood to mean a process in which a substance (in particular a liquid) penetrates a solid and a

Causes the latter to increase in volume. If one or more such additives are added to the medium, the discrepancies in the properties of the various fibers, which cause the mechanical separation of the different fibers, can be increased. This increases the efficiency of the separation.

According to one embodiment, the chemical separation can have a selective dissolving of only at least some of the non-cellulosic fibers or only at least a part of the cellulosic fibers in a solvent, and a separation, in particular filtering off, at least some of the undissolved fiber components. In other words, the various fibers can be fed to a (for example liquid, in particular aqueous) medium in which only certain of these fibers, in particular selectively polyester fibers, dissolve markedly, whereas other fibers, in particular cellulose fibers, do not or only a weaker one

Show solution behavior. The fibers (in particular cellulose fibers) which do not dissolve or dissolve to a significant degree or which dissolve less easily can be filtered off or centrifuged and can then be further processed separately from the dissolved fibers.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the mechanical separation and / or the chemical separation can include separation of synthetic fibers as non-cellulosic fibers. The recycled textile materials, in particular old clothes and / or textile waste, often contain non-cellulosic fibers of synthetic origin. As an example of such

Synthetic fibers can be called polyester, polyamide and / or elastane. These can be effectively separated from cellulose fibers using the methods described here.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the chemical separation can include supplying an alkaline solution, in particular using oxidizing

Agents, in particular alkaline cooking. In particular, the alkaline solution can be supplied to degrade non-cellulosic fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, further in particular polyester fibers. Polyester in particular can thereby be split into water-soluble constituents, which can be separated from the cellulose fibers by means of the waste water produced in the process.

According to a preferred embodiment, the alkaline cooking of the cellulose-based preprocessed as described (in particular

cotton-based) textile material, from which cellulosic fibers are enriched (i.e. predominantly cellulosic fibers are obtained), are further processed to produce further purified, dissolved pulp as follows: The fibers, in particular the already enriched cellulosic (or predominantly cellulosic) fibers, can be mixed with an alkaline solution (for example potassium hydroxide) in combination with a gaseous oxidizing agent (for example 0 2 ) are treated in a pressure vessel (preferably at a pH value of at least 9), namely:

a) at a temperature between 90 ° C and 185 ° C;

b) for an incubation time of 45 minutes to 270 minutes;

c) in the presence of a cellulose-stabilizing additive (for example a magnesium salt, preferably magnesium sulfate; or a chelating additive

Compound based on a transition metal, for example

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), preferably in a concentration in a range between 0.01 percent by weight and 5 percent by weight based on the fibers supplied;

d) with an alkali concentration in a range between 1 percent by weight and 35 percent by weight based on the fibers fed;

e) at an initial gas pressure in a range from 1 bar to 21 bar

(corresponding to about 0.1 MPa to about 2.1 MPa).

The dissolved pulp produced can then be subjected to a washing procedure.

A partial degradation of the cellulose fibers in a chemical environment can then advantageously be controlled by influencing the chemical environment in such a way that a resulting degree of polymerisation of the cellulose is within a desired interval. It should be noted in particular that a DP value (where DP stands for the average degree of polymerization, i.e. the number of monomer units per macromolecule) in the NMMO solvent, which is preferably used when producing the molded bodies from the recovered cellulose, is adapted to achieve good dissolution behavior in NMMO can. Typical numerical values ​​for DP values ​​for recyclates are below 2000 mL / g, preferably below 1000 mL / g, particularly preferably below 800 mL / g. The stated values ​​refer to the limiting viscosity number (GVZ, which correlates with the degree of polymerisation of the cellulose) in units of mL / g. Through optional but advantageous additional measures such as selection, mixing, cooking, etc., a GVZ value in the range of 200 ml / g to 700 ml / g which is particularly suitable for the lyocell process can be achieved.

According to one embodiment, the chemical separation can be a

Converting at least some of the non-cellulosic fibers into soluble, in particular water-soluble substances, dissolving the soluble substances in a solvent, in particular an aqueous solvent, and separating, in particular filtering off, undissolved cellulosic fibers from the dissolved substances. In this way, the various fibers can be fed to a (for example aqueous) solvent in which only non-cellulosic fibers dissolve significantly. The fibers (in particular cellulose fibers) which do not dissolve or dissolve to a significant degree or which dissolve less easily can be filtered off or centrifuged and can then be further processed separately from the dissolved fibers.

According to one embodiment, the molding can be produced based on the cellulosic fibers by means of the Lyocell process or by means of the viscose process.

can then be pressed through one or more spinnerets in the Lyocell process. Filaments formed as a result can during and / or after their free or

controlled falling through an air gap in a water-containing bath

(in particular in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution) and / or the air humidity in the air gap can be precipitated.

In the context of this application, the term “viscose process” can in particular include a process for producing cellulose according to a

Wet spinning processes are understood. The cellulose can be used for that

Viscose process from a raw material (especially wood or a

Wood pulp) containing this cellulose. In

successive process stages can be used in the viscose process

The starting material must first be treated with a base (for example with sodium hydroxide solution), whereby alkali cellulose is formed. When this alkali cellulose is then reacted with carbon disulfide, cellulose xanthate is formed. From this, a viscose spinning solution can be generated by further adding a base (in particular sodium hydroxide solution), which by one or more

Spinnerets can be pressed. In a spinning bath arise through

Coagulation of viscose filaments.

According to an exemplary embodiment corresponding to the Lyocell process, the production of the shaped bodies can result in a release of the cellulosic fibers in one

Solvent and converting the dissolved cellulosic fibers into a spinning mass, extruding the spinning mass through spinnerets to the

Have moldings and a precipitation of the extruded moldings in a spinning bath. Between the dissolving and the precipitation, a lyocell spinning solution produced by the dissolving can be passed through nozzles and into there

Moldings are spun.

According to one embodiment, the cellulosic fibers can be dissolved by means of a direct dissolution process and / or by means of tertiary amine oxides, in particular N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, as a solvent. In such a direct dissolution process, the cellulose is clearly physically dissolved in the respective solvent. Tertiary amine oxides are preferably used as solvents, particularly preferably N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO).

According to one embodiment, the diluted can be diluted

cellulosic fibers by an aqueous medium (in particular having a water bath, further in particular essentially consisting of water or a mixture of water and solvent). In the Lyocell process, water reduces the concentration of the solvent that caused the cellulose to dissolve so much that the dilute solution obtained falls below the solubility limit of cellulose and the cellulose precipitates out or precipitates as a result. The coagulation medium (ie

in particular the water bath) can be essentially pure water or can be mixed with a solvent.

According to one embodiment, the method can include bleaching the chemically separated cellulosic fibers. This can remove dyes. Such bleaching can be oxidative bleaching (ie bleaching in which dyes are attacked by means of oxidation, for example using oxygen or a compound having an -OO group, such as hydrogen peroxide), reductive bleaching (ie bleaching in which Dyes are attacked by means of a reduction and / or converted into a soluble form, in particular to remove vat dyes such as indigo) and / or an enzymatic bleaching (ie a bleaching in which

Dyes are attacked by enzymes, for example with the use of proteases, which break down proteins biologically). Oxidative bleaching can be preferred, since this can effectively remove dyes and allows simple process control.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bleaching can be carried out in three stages (in particular one or more stages, for example with one, two, three, four, five or more bleaching stages), for example by carrying out an acidic wash, (in particular subsequent) carrying out a

Ozone bleaching and (especially subsequent) performing one

Peroxide bleach. The acidic wash can remove metal ions and / or break down textile chemicals that are not degradable under alkaline conditions. The

Ozone bleach can degrade dyes and advantageously adjust the limiting viscosity number and thus the degree of polymerisation of the cellulose. With the

Peroxide bleach, the adjustment of the degree of polymerisation of the cellulose can be further refined.

According to one embodiment, the method, after the separation of at least a part of non-fiber constituents, further comminution of the separated non-fiber constituents, recovery of fiber residues from the further comminuted non-fiber constituents, and supplying the

Have recovered fiber residues for the fiber components and / or for mechanical separation. Cellulosic components can still be associated with the non-fiber components. In order not to lose these for particularly efficient recycling, the non-fiber components can therefore be subjected to a further shredding procedure in order to separate fiber residues from them, which can be fed to the previously separated fiber components.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can include separating the fiber components (and possibly the recovered fiber residues or fiber residues) into individual fibers before the mechanical separation, in particular by means of tearing and / or grinding. By before the mechanical and

chemical separation the constituents are reduced to the size of individual fibers and the individual fibers are optionally shortened, the efficiency in the subsequent separation of cellulosic fibers can be greatly increased compared to non-cellulosic fibers.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can include reworking the precipitated cellulose to obtain the shaped body. Such an optional post-processing can include, for example, drying, impregnation and / or reshaping of the cellulose obtained. Through a

Corresponding post-processing, it is possible at the end of the Lyocell process to complete the production of moldings for specific applications.

According to one embodiment, at most (or only exactly) part of the non-cellulosic fibers, in particular only exactly part of synthetic fibers made of polyester and / or elastane, from the textile material can be used to produce the molded bodies.

According to one exemplary embodiment, a molded body produced can thus have elastane as a foreign substance, which is also at least partially dissolved during the dissolving of the cellulose. Elastane is used in many textiles, in particular clothes, also in particular old clothes, and can be deliberately left in the molded body containing cellulose as a foreign substance. It has been found that elastane in a recycled cellulose molding does not have a negative impact on its product properties and therefore does not have to be removed from the starting material in a costly manner up to a maximum achievable limit when a molding is produced. It is even possible, by leaving elastane in a cellulosic molded body, to give the latter a certain elasticity. In this way, moldings can also be used

modified elastic properties are produced.

According to one embodiment, a molded body produced can be used as

Contain foreign matter polyester, which can be left at least partially in the processed textile material when this is dissolved, in particular precipitated. Polyester is a foreign substance that is often found in post-consumer used clothing. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least part of this polyester can remain in the cellulose molded body produced. Clearly, such a residue of polyester in the molded body can function similarly to a hot melt adhesive and mechanically strengthen a fiber fabric or a fiber fleece made of cellulose. As a result, the

Leaving polyester at least partially in the cellulose molding creates a mechanically particularly robust cellulose material which can thereby also be provided with thermoplastic properties.

According to such an exemplary embodiment, the polyester thus leads to increased mechanical robustness or stability of the manufactured product

Molded body.

According to one embodiment, an inhomogeneous textile material, in particular a mixed fabric, can be used as the textile material. According to a preferred embodiment, the product or the preform can be produced at least partially on the basis of old clothes as a source of cellulose as the starting material for producing the product or the preform. For example, at least 3 percent by weight, in particular at least 10 percent by weight, further in particular at least 30 percent by weight, preferably at least 50 percent by weight, used clothing based on the total weight of the textile material can be used as the starting material for the textile material.

In a particularly advantageous manner, used textiles recycled for the production of the product can comprise or consist of items of clothing worn by a user.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the textile material can comprise or consist of remnants from clothing manufacture and / or, in particular, old clothing worn by a consumer. In particular, the starting material can have or consist of a cellulose source that can be recycled, in particular it can be formed entirely or partially from remnants from clothing manufacture and / or from old clothing. In the context of this application, the term “cellulose source” can in particular include a medium (in particular a

Solid medium) are understood as the basis for producing a molded body comprising cellulose during a corresponding

Manufacturing process provides the cellulose material used for this purpose. One example is wood or wood pulp. This means that starting materials that are not taken from a natural resource such as wood for the first time, but rather come from a product that has already been used, can also find their way into the recycling process. In this context, the use of post-consumer old clothes after use by a consumer is particularly advantageous, since such old clothes have a large reservoir of cellulose that can be recycled.

In the context of this application, the term “residues from a

Clothing manufacture "in particular rejects and / or offcuts

Cellulose comprising or consisting of textile or yarn are understood, these residues during a process for the production of

Clothing. In the manufacture of clothing, for example, a cellulose-containing textile is produced as the starting material, from which flat parts (for example in the form of a T-shirt half) are cut out. What remains are residues which, according to an exemplary embodiment, can be fed back to a method for producing a molded body comprising cellulose. Garment-making scraps can therefore be a cellulose-based or cellulose-based raw material that can be used to recover cellulose before a consumer has used the scraps as clothing or in some other way. Remnants from a clothing production can in particular be formed from essentially pure cellulose, in particular without separate and non-cellulose

foreign bodies (such as buttons, textile prints or seams).

In the context of this registration, the term "old clothes"

in particular items of clothing containing cellulose are to be understood which, when recovering at least part of the cellulose, have already been taken from a

Consumers have been used (especially worn). Used clothing can therefore be a cellulose-containing raw material, which can (but does not have to) contain significant amounts of foreign substances and can be used to recover cellulose after a

Consumer who has used old clothes as clothing or in any other way. Old clothes can in particular be formed from a mixture of cellulose and one or more foreign substances, in particular comprising synthetic plastic (such as polyester and / or elastane, for example) and / or separate and not cellulose (especially frequently used in garments)

foreign bodies (such as buttons, textile prints or seams). Polyesters are understood to mean, in particular, polymers with ester functions (R - [- CO-0 -] - R) in their main chain. Polyesters include polycarbonates and polyethylene terephthalate. Elastane is particularly elastic

Understood chemical fiber with high elasticity. A block copolymer on which elastane is based can contain a mass fraction of at least 85% polyurethane.

According to one embodiment, the textile material during the

Recovery process are at least partially freed of crosslinkers that crosslink the fibers of the textile material. This can be done, for example, by means of an alkaline and / or an acidic pretreatment, in particular depending on the type of crosslinker present. A corresponding crosslinker can interfere as it can reduce the solubility of Lyocell cellulose in Lyocell solvents. The at least partial removal of the

Crosslinker by way of a pretreatment (for example by carrying out an alkaline step and / or an acidic step) with partial or complete dissolution of the undesired crosslinking, the suitability of the cellulose obtained as chemical pulp for the production of

Increase regrind moldings.

According to one embodiment, the textile material for the recycling process can be mixed with another cellulose source. For example, the other cellulose source can have at least one material from a group consisting of wood pulp, rag pulp (in particular pulp made from scraps of fabric such as linen, rag, etc.), cotton (i.e. cellulose from a cotton plant, see Figure 5), by means of a lyocell Cellulose produced by the process (see FIG. 3) and cellulose produced by means of a viscose process (see FIG. 4). The other cellulose source can be added flexibly and depending on availability. As a result, the large-scale use of the recycling process is not impaired by any temporary bottlenecks in a specific cellulose source. Rather, it is possible, for example, to compensate or compensate for any shortfalls in used clothing cellulose with other cellulose sources. However, the formation of the

The starting material can only be from old clothes.

The moldings produced according to the invention can, for example,

Packaging material, fiber material, textile composites, fiber composites, nonwovens, needle felts, upholstery wadding, fabrics, knitted fabrics, as home textiles, such as bed linen, as items of clothing, as fillers, flocking material,

Hospital textiles, such as pads, diapers or mattresses, can be used as material for thermal blankets, shoe insoles and wound dressings.

Embodiments of the invention can be used both in a wide variety of technical fields and in medicine and in cosmetics and wellness. In medicine, for example, materials for

Wound treatment and wound healing can be composed of a carrier, which determines the mechanical properties, and a biocompatible coating material, which is particularly compatible with the skin and with the surface of the wound. Numerous other uses are possible.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the following figures.

FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for recycling cellulose-containing textile material for the production of shaped bodies according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for producing a molded body comprising cellulose according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a Lyocell process.

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a viscose process.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber from a cotton plant.

Identical or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numbers.

Before exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the figures, some fundamental considerations should be summarized, based on which exemplary embodiments of the invention have been derived.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a

Process for producing molded articles containing cellulose by recycling textile materials described. In particular, below

Process steps for processing textile materials in the form of old textiles or textile waste to make chemical pulp are described. With this process, the fibrous cellulosic components contained in the textile starting materials can advantageously be isolated or recovered, separated from non-cellulosic components and purified in accordance with the requirements for chemical pulp.

A selection of raw materials as textile material according to an exemplary embodiment is described below.

For the production of chemical pulp, as reusable textile material, it is particularly advantageous to use such old textiles or textile waste as raw materials which have a predominant proportion of cellulosic

Constituents such as cotton and / or regenerated cellulose fibers (in particular Lyocell fibers, viscose fibers, modal fibers). These textile materials or raw materials can be selectively obtained from the total volume of used textiles and / or other cellulose sources by manual, partially automated or fully automated sorting processes.

Raw materials which exclusively contain cellulosic components can preferably be selected as textile materials. examples for this are

Production waste (for example cutting residues from packaging).

Ready-to-use textiles, on the other hand, often contain a proportion of non-cellulosic fibers. Polyester-based sewing threads are an example. In particular when processing old textiles is therefore of

Assume mixtures of materials that can be used as textile materials or starting materials for the process described.

After the textile materials have been selected, non-fibrous components or non-fiber components can be separated from fiber-like components or fiber components and the raw materials or textile materials can be disintegrated.

In many cases, used textiles contain non-fibrous components (in particular macroscopic non-fibrous components, i.e. not just microscopic components such as pigment dyes) or non-fibrous components such as buttons and / or zippers that were used at the beginning of the processing process in old textiles as the starting material or textile material the fibrous or

Fiber components of the selected raw materials or textile materials can be removed. For this purpose, according to an exemplary embodiment, the textile materials presorted (for example according to color, quality, purity, etc.) can first be comminuted into pieces of textile by means of one or more guillotines or by means of a cutting mill. The comminuted pieces of textile can, for example, be about 1 cm to several centimeters in size, for example with a mean diameter in a range between 1 cm and 5 cm. It is then possible to use textile pieces to which non-fibrous components or non-fiber constituents adhere or which consist of such materials, due to physical properties

(for example by means of a metal separator, gravitationally or in some other way) in an automated (in particular partially or fully automated) manner from the overall flow. In order to reduce fiber losses or to avoid them entirely, the sections separated in this way can advantageously be further

Comminution and separation stages are fed and the fiber-like materials recovered are returned to the main process for the production of

Chemical pulp are fed.

Pieces of textile made from purely fiber-like materials, i.e. the pure fiber components of the textile material, can subsequently be additionally processed by means of mechanical processes (e.g. drawing, grinding) so that the fabrics, knitted fabrics, yarns, etc. contained in the fiber components, wholly or partially can be separated into individual fibers. The fiber length can optionally also be shortened. A separation into individual fibers is particularly advantageous in the case of mixed yarns. Different fiber-like materials are physically connected to one another at the yarn level.

It can also be used to expose microscopic non-fibrous

Components or come from non-fiber components. For example, pigments incorporated in the fibers can be exposed, which can then optionally be separated in further procedures, for example on the basis of their physical properties.

Next, a mechanical separation of the fiber-like components according to an exemplary embodiment will be described.

After the disintegration of the textile materials or textile raw materials into individual fibers, cellulosic fibers or fiber materials can be separated from non-cellulosic fibers or fiber materials by mechanical separation or separation processes. For this purpose, the individual fibers can be suspended, for example, in a liquid medium, preferably an aqueous medium, and separated from one another, for example gravitationally and / or electrostatically and / or flotatively, on the basis of their physical properties. The suspension of the textile pieces separated into individual fibers in water can take place in a mixing tank with a stirrer. For example can

Cotton fibers and polyester fibers are then gravitationally separated from one another based on their density difference. Optionally, but advantageously, additives such as dispersants and / or swelling agents can be added to the liquid medium in order to increase the separation efficiency of the respective process. For example, a chemical substance can reduce the

Surface tension of water can be added in order to suppress floating of the shredded pieces of textile. A mechanical separation can be carried out in several stages to improve the separation effect.

A gravitational separation by means of one or more

Hydrocyclones (ie a centrifugal separator) and / or can be carried out in a flotation cell.

After stirring the suspension this can therefore according to a

Embodiment are fed to a hydrocyclone in which the

in particular textile pieces separated into individual fibers can be separated in the suspension according to different densities. Cellulose (especially made of cotton) has a higher density than polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which in turn has a higher density than elastane. To improve the separation efficiency, several hydrocyclones can be connected in a cascade.

A mechanical separation of the fiber materials carried out according to an embodiment as an alternative or in addition to the treatment in at least one hydrocyclone can also be carried out in a flotation cell. In particular, the following procedures can be carried out in a flotation cell:

a) Generation of gas bubbles within the suspension

b) Bringing the gas bubbles into contact with the fiber materials from the

suspension

c) Attachment or adhesion of the fiber materials to be separated to the

Gas bubbles

d) Rising the gas / solid combinations to a surface where they can be skimmed off

Due to their lower density, the lighter PET and elastane particles will preferentially rise in the flotation cell and can be skimmed off, whereas the heavier cellulose particles remain in the flotation cell.

The described treatment in a flotation cell can be carried out continuously or batch-wise.

An alternatively or additionally possible electrostatic separation of the

Fiber materials can be carried out dry or in a wet process.

In spite of the preferably multi-stage execution, the listed

Embodiments of the invention sometimes fail to achieve complete separation of the materials in a purely mechanical separation. In one embodiment, the input material stream is separated into a mainly cellulosic stream (which comprises predominantly cellulosic fibers) and a mainly non-cellulosic stream (which comprises predominantly non-cellulosic fibers)

Chemical pulp is processed further, non-cellulosic fractions can initially be further depleted in a targeted manner in a subsequent chemical separation. By selecting suitable process parameters and the number of process stages, a desired target range of non-cellulosic

Components according to exemplary embodiments are observed.

In the following, according to an exemplary embodiment, FIG

Invention a chemical preparation (especially cooking) of the

cellulosic fiber stream described.

With regard to the production of chemical pulp and in particular its further use for the production of cellulosic regenerated molded bodies and the associated purity requirements, it is in accordance with

exemplary embodiments of the invention advantageous to accomplish a chemical separation from the predominantly cellulosic material flow obtained after the mechanical separation (ie the cellulosic fibers with small admixtures of other substances) by chemical methods and thereby further the non-cellulosic constituents still contained therein, as quantitatively as possible, to remove. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, this can be achieved by chemical method steps. The aim of these process steps is the selective or preferential degradation of the non-cellulosic components.

According to an exemplary embodiment, it is also possible to selectively dissolve a component of the fiber materials and then filter off an undissolved component. In one embodiment, the cellulosic fiber stream or the predominantly cellulosic fibers can be subjected to alkaline cooking. In this procedure, for example, polyester can be split into the monomers ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. These are water-soluble and can, according to one embodiment, about

Process waste liquors are separated from the cellulose fibers. Cellulose degradation reactions can also take place in this boiling process in parallel to polyester degradation. By suitable choice of the process parameters, the cellulose degradation can be controlled according to an embodiment of the invention in such a way that a certain target degree of polymerization is set. This is advantageous because the degree of cellulose polymerization (expressed as an intrinsic viscosity)

The specification criterion for chemical pulp is.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the alkaline cooking process can advantageously be supported by the use of oxidizing agents.

Preferably at the same time, according to one embodiment, certain proportions of textile chemicals which are in the

Starting materials are contained intrinsically (e.g. dyes), dissolved or degraded and converted into soluble forms.

A bleaching procedure can then be carried out to remove or deactivate dyes.

In particular after the cooking can according to a

Embodiment of the invention, the cellulosic fiber stream (ie the fiber stream which predominantly contains cellulosic fibers or pulp) can be further processed in a preferably multi-stage bleaching sequence. The aim of such an advantageous bleaching sequence is to establish a high degree of whiteness by removing or completely breaking down all the dyes or textile chemicals that are still present as possible. According to one embodiment, oxidative, reductive and / or enzymatic

Bleaching stages can be combined with one another. With a simple one

In the exemplary embodiment, a purely oxidative bleaching stage can advantageously be used.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a sequence AZP can advantageously be used. The A stage (acidic washing) is used in particular to remove dissolved metal ions and not for alkaline degradation

degradable textile chemicals. The Z stage (ozone bleaching) serves on the one hand as a strongly oxidative stage to break down the chromophores / dyes and at the same time as a further stage for setting the limiting viscosity number. The final P stage (peroxide bleaching) is then used in particular to fine-tune the

Degree of polymerization (analogous to the limiting viscosity number) and to achieve the desired final degree of whiteness. The bleaching stages described are optional: the number and type of bleaching stages and their specific process conditions can be adapted with regard to the materials available in each case or to a respective application.

In particular, the reaction media and process chemicals can advantageously be recycled. With an advantageous implementation of

Recovery processes, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention, the resource requirements (in particular with regard to chemicals, energy, water) of the entire treatment process can be kept low.

Next, an embodiment of a regenerated molded body production, ie the production of cellulosic molded bodies, based on the cellulose separated from the textile material is described.

By selecting suitable raw materials or textile materials, more suitable

Process parameters as well as the combination and mutual coordination of the described process steps is done by means of the one described above

Processing process possible to produce chemical pulp from old textiles or textile waste as starting materials or textile materials. This

Chemical pulp can be used for the production of cellulosic regenerated molded bodies, in particular by means of the viscose process and / or the (in particular on

Based on NMMO solvents) Lyocell process can be used.

The quality of the cellulosic regenerated molded bodies obtained is equivalent to that which can be achieved when using conventional wood-based chemical pulps.

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart 50 of a method for recycling old clothes as a cellulose-containing textile material for producing

Moldings 102 (see FIG. 2) made of cellulose according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The textile material used is an inhomogeneous textile material or mixed fabric in the form of post-consumer old clothes that have been used and disposed of by a consumer (see reference number 52).

First, as shown with reference number 56, the textile material is comminuted in one or more guillotines and / or by shredding, preferably using cutting knives. Thereby, crushed pieces of fabric, for example, in the size range between 0,5x0, 5 cm 2 and 10x10 cm 2 obtained.

This is followed by a separation 58 of non-fiber components or

Textile pieces of the comminuted textile material versus fiber components or textile pieces of the comminuted textile material. Textile pieces with foreign substances such as buttons, zippers, seams and / or textile printing can be separated as non-fiber components. More precisely, those which have a material or are embossed by a material that is different from fibers are removed from the comminuted textile pieces. The separation 58 of the non-fiber components from the fiber components can preferably be carried out by processing, which the non-fiber components due to,

separates different physical properties compared to the fiber components. For example, pieces of textile made of or with metallic rivets or zip fasteners can be separated from the rest of the shredded textile pieces by means of a metal separator. Plastic buttons can be separated from textile fiber-dominated pieces of textile by means of gravitational separation by utilizing the different densities of the heterogeneous mixture of textile pieces (for example by means of centrifugation, filtering, etc.).

A further comminution 60 of the separated

(predominantly not formed from fibers) non-fiber components are carried out. For example, the non-fiber components can be cut up again with a guillotine. As a result, residues of fiber materials can be separated from the textile pieces dominated by non-fiber components and fed back into the recycling process. In other words, fiber residues (in the form of further fiber components) are recovered 62 from the mainly non-fiber components that have been comminuted further. The

Recovered fiber residues can be fed back to the fiber components for further extraction of cellulose, see reference symbol 63.

Subsequently, for example by means of cutting mills, a further comminution or separation 64 of the fiber components and the optionally recovered fiber residues can be carried out to form individual fibers. The mentioned

Components or pieces of textile can therefore be broken down into threads and these can then be broken up into completely isolated fibers.

Then, according to the exemplary embodiment described, there is a mechanical separation 66 of non-cellulosic fibers (in particular synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or elastane, which are often found in old textiles

Occurrence) of the fiber components (including the fiber residues) of

cellulosic fibers of the fiber components. The mechanical separation 66 can be carried out in different ways in different exemplary embodiments. For example, mechanical severing 66 may be based on density differences between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers. As an alternative or in addition, the mechanical separation 66 can take place based on different electrostatic properties between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the mechanical separation 66 comprises a suspension 68 of the fiber components in an aqueous medium. In other words, the fiber components become one

Liquid container filled. This is followed by a separation 70 of the non-cellulosic fibers from the cellulosic fibers in the aqueous medium due to different flotative properties of the two constituents mentioned. Flotation is a physico-chemical separation process for fine-grained solids due to the different surface wettability of the particles. A dispersant and / or a swelling agent can advantageously be added to the aqueous medium in which the flotative separation is carried out here, which reinforces the different physical properties of non-cellulosic fibers compared to those of cellulosic fibers used in the separation.

After this mechanical separation 66, a chemical separation 76 of another part of the non-cellulosic (in particular synthetic) fibers from the cellulosic fibers can advantageously take place in order to achieve the

To further increase the cellulose content of the extract. Also for the chemical

Separating 76 there are various possibilities.

In the exemplary embodiment described, the chemical separation 76 can comprise a selective dissolution 72 of only the cellulosic fibers in a solvent (for example NMMO). In other words, the solvent can be selected so that only the cellulosic fibers, but not non-cellulosic (PET) fibers, are dissolved in it in a noteworthy manner. This allows the non-cellulosic (PET) fibers that do not go into solution to be filtered off, see reference number 74.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the chemical separation 76 has after the mechanical separation 66 (with or without

Interposition of the procedure according to reference numerals 72 and 74) an alkaline cooking by means of an alkaline solution using

oxidizing agents (see reference numeral 78).

During the chemical separation 76, non-cellulosic fibers can be converted 80 into water-soluble substances. For example, polyester can be converted to water-soluble monomers by alkaline cooking. The water-soluble substances can then be dissolved 82 in an aqueous solvent. Subsequently, undissolved cellulosic fibers can be filtered off from the dissolved substances (see reference number 84).

After chemical severing 76, the process can be continued with bleaching 86 of the chemically severed cellulosic fibers

To remove or deactivate dyes or the like. For example, the bleaching 86 can be oxidative bleaching. According to a preferred

Embodiment of the invention, the bleaching 86 may comprise performing 88 an acid wash, followed by performing 90 an ozone bleach, followed in turn by performing 92 a peroxide bleach. The bleaching 86 can remove dyes and other chemical residues in the recycled textile materials.

Cellulosic molded bodies 102 in the form of fleece are then produced from the cellulosic material obtained therefrom by means of the Lyocell process (or alternatively by means of the viscose process) (see reference number 94).

For this purpose, the cellulosic material obtained after bleaching 86 can be directly dissolved 96 in a solvent 116 (compare FIG. 2, for example tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)), advantageously without further chemical pretreatment. More precisely said material can be converted directly into solution, whereby a spinning mass is formed. In this way, the manufacturing or

Recycling processes can be carried out extremely easily and quickly and in an environmentally friendly manner. It has surprisingly been found that after the procedure described, small amounts of foreign substances (for example polyester or polyester) remaining in the recovered cellulosic material

Elastane) do not interfere with the lyocell process and the quality of the

Recovered Lyocell Cellulose will not negatively affect it. On the contrary, certain amounts of elastane can remain in the cellulose fibers produced without impairing their properties. For example, elastane can be present as a foreign substance in a respective molded body with at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, further in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the

Total weight of the molding. Even certain amounts of remaining polyester do not interfere with the product obtained, but can even strengthen the mechanical integrity of the molded body 102 to be produced. For example, in a respective molded body, polyester can be used as a foreign substance with at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight

in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the

Total weight of the molding.

After dissolving 96 the named material in solvent (preferably NMMO), the Lyocell spinning solution obtained can be pressed through one or more spinning nozzles, whereby threads or filaments of honey-viscous viscosity arise (see block 97, which relates to this spinning or extrusion).

During and / or after these threads or filaments fall, they are brought into operative connection with an aqueous medium and thereby diluted. The concentration of the solvent 116 of the threads or filaments is thereby reduced in air humidity or an aqueous liquid bath to such an extent that the Lyocell spinning solution is converted into a solid phase of cellulose filaments. In other words, the cellulose filaments precipitate, precipitate or coagulate, see reference numeral 98. A preform of the shaped body 102 is obtained as a result. The spinning mass is thus extruded 97 to form shaped bodies 102 by means of precipitation 98 in a spinning bath (see FIG

Reference 191 in Figure 2).

Furthermore, the method can include reworking 99 of the precipitated shaped bodies 102. Such post-processing 99 can for example include drying, impregnating and / or reshaping the molded bodies 102 obtained. For example, the molded body 102 can be made by the described

Manufacturing process to fibers, a film, a fabric, a fleece, a ball, a porous sponge or beads are processed and then fed to a further use. The procedures corresponding to the production 94 of the shaped bodies 102 can be carried out by means of the apparatus 100 shown in FIG. Cellulose is used as the starting material 110 for this

containing material is used that is obtained after bleaching 86.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention for producing a molded body 102 containing cellulose, which is produced, for example, in the form of a nonwoven, as a fiber, film, ball, textile fabric, sponge or in the form of beads or flakes can be. According to FIG. 2, the molded body 102 is produced directly from a spinning solution 104. The latter is converted into cellulose fibers 108 by means of a coagulation fluid 106 (in particular from air humidity) and / or a coagulation bath 191 (for example a water bath that optionally has tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO))

Molded body 102 converted. A Lyocell process can be carried out by means of the apparatus 100. In this way, for example, essentially endless filaments or fibers 108 or mixtures of essentially endless filaments and fibers 108 of discrete length can be produced as molded body 102. A plurality of nozzles, each having one or more openings 126 (which may also be referred to as spinning holes), are provided for ejecting Lyocell dope 104.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, a cellulose-based starting material 110 can be fed to a storage tank 114 via a metering device 113.

According to one exemplary embodiment, water can be introduced into the cellulose-based starting material 110 by a solvent 116 (in particular NMMO) described in more detail below. It can also be cellulose based

Starting material 110 itself already contain a certain residual moisture (dry cellulose, for example, often has a residual moisture of 5 percent by weight to 8 percent by weight). In particular, according to the described

Exemplary embodiment, the starting material 110 can be added directly to a mixture of water and solvent 116 without pre-moistening. An optional water container 112 shown in FIG. 2 can then be omitted.

According to an alternative embodiment, the cellulose-containing starting material 110 can additionally be moistened in order to thereby provide moist cellulose. For this purpose, water from an optional

Water tank 112 can be fed to storage tank 114 via metering device 113. Therefore, the metering device 113, controlled by means of a control device 140, can supply adjustable relative amounts of water and starting material 110 to the storage tank 114.

A suitable solvent 116, preferably tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), or an aqueous mixture of the solvent 116, for example a 76% strength solution of NMMO in water, is contained in a solvent container. The concentration of the

Solvent 116 can be adjusted in a concentrating device 118 either by adding pure solvent or water. The

Solvent 116 can then be mixed with the starting material 110 in definable relative amounts in a mixing unit 119. Also the

Mixing unit 119 can be controlled by means of control unit 140. As a result, the starting material 110 comprising cellulose is concentrated in the

Solvent 116 in a dissolving device 120 with adjustable relative

Quantities dissolved, whereby the lyocell dope 104 is obtained. The relative concentration ranges (also referred to as spinning windows) of the components starting material 110, water and solvent 116 in the spinning solution 104 for the production of cellulosic regenerated molded bodies by the Lyocell process can, as known to a person skilled in the art, be suitably adjusted.

The lyocell dope 104 is fed to a fiber generation device 124 (which may be formed with a number of spin bars or jets 122).

As the lyocell dope 104 is passed through the openings 126 of the jets 122, it is divided into a plurality of parallel strands of lyocell dope 104. The process control described transforms the Lyocell spinning solution 104 into increasingly long and thin threads, the properties of which can be adjusted by appropriate setting of the process conditions, controlled by the control unit 140. Optionally, a flow of gas can move the lyocell dope 104 on its way from the openings 126 to one

Accelerate fiber take-up unit 132.

After the Lyocell spin solution 104 has moved through the jets 122 and down, the long and thin threads of the Lyocell spin solution 104 interact with the coagulation fluid 106.

When interacting with the coagulation fluid 106 (for example water), the solvent concentration of the Lyocell spinning solution 104 is reduced, so that the cellulose of the starting material 110 is at least partially as long and thin cellulose fibers 108 (which can still contain residues of solvent and water) coagulates or fails.

During or after the initial formation of the individual cellulose fibers 108 from the extruded Lyocell spinning solution 104, the cellulose fibers 108 are taken up on the fiber take-up unit 132. The cellulose fibers 108 can dip into the coagulation bath 191 shown in FIG. 2 (for example a water bath, optionally containing a solvent such as NMMO) and can complete their precipitation when interacting with the liquid in the coagulation bath 191. Depending on the process setting of the coagulation, the cellulose can form cellulose fibers 108 (as shown, wherein the cellulose fibers 108 can be one material or integrally fused with one another (“merging”) or can be present as separate cellulose fibers 108) or can be attached to the

Fiber receiving unit 132 form a sheet or a film of cellulose (not shown in Figure 2).

The cellulose fibers 108 are thus extruded from the spinnerets of the jets 122 and guided through the spinning bath or coagulation bath 191 (containing, for example, water and NMMO in a low concentration for precipitation / coagulation), while the cellulose fibers 108 are guided around a respective deflection roller 193 im Coagulation bath 191 and fed outside of the coagulation bath 191 to a godet 195. The take-off godet 195 ensures that the cellulose fibers 108 are transported further and further drawn in order to achieve a desired titer. After the godet 195, the fiber bundle is from the

Cellulose fibers 108 washed in a washing unit 180, optionally finished and finally cut (not shown).

Although this is not shown in FIG. 2, solvent 116 of the lyocell spinning solution 104, which has been removed from the cellulose fibers 108 during coagulation and during a subsequent washing in the washing unit 180, can be at least partially recovered or recycled and in a subsequent cycle be transferred back to the storage tank 114.

During the transport along the fiber receiving unit 132, the

Shaped bodies 102 (here in the form of cellulose fibers 108) are washed by means of the washing unit 180, in that the latter supplies a washing liquid to remove solvent residues. The shaped body 102 can then be dried.

The molded body 102 can also be subjected to an aftertreatment, see the aftertreatment unit 134 shown schematically. For example, such an aftertreatment can be a hydroentangling,

Needle treatment, impregnation, steam treatment with a steam supplied under pressure and / or calendering, etc. have.

The fiber receiving unit 132 can be the molded body 102 of a

Supply winding device 136, on which the molded body 102 can be wound. The shaped body 102 can then be supplied as rolled goods to an entity that manufactures products such as wipes or textiles based on the shaped body 102.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber 200 produced by means of a Lyocell process in cross section. The one made using a Lyocell process

Cellulose fiber 200 has a smooth, round outer surface 202 and is filled with cellulose material homogeneously and free of macroscopic holes. It can therefore be clearly distinguished by a person skilled in the art from cellulose fibers produced by means of a viscose process (see reference number 204 in FIG. 4) and from cellulose fibers from cotton plants (see reference number 206 in FIG. 5).

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber 204 produced by means of a viscose process in cross section. The cellulose fiber 204 is cloud-shaped and has a plurality of arcuate structures 208 along its outer circumference.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber 206 from a cotton plant in cross section. The cellulose fiber 206 is kidney-shaped and has a material-free lumen 210 inside as a completely enclosed cavity.

Based on the significant geometric or structural differences of the fibers according to Figure 3 to Figure 5, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to unambiguously determine, for example under a microscope, whether a cellulose fiber has been formed using the Lyocell process, the viscose process or, of course, in a cotton plant is.

In addition, it should be pointed out that “having” does not exclude any other elements or steps and “a” or “a” does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments also in combination with other features or steps of others described above

Embodiments can be used. Reference symbols in the

Claims are not to be regarded as limiting.

Patent claims

1. A method for recycling cellulose-containing textile material for producing regenerated cellulosic molded bodies (102), the method comprising:

Comminuting (56) the fabric;

Separating (58) at least a portion of non-fiber components of the comminuted textile material from fiber components of the comminuted

Textile material;

mechanically separating (66) at least a portion of non-cellulosic fibers of the fiber components from cellulosic fibers of the

Fiber components and below

chemically separating (76) at least a further portion of the non-cellulosic fibers from the cellulosic fibers;

Production (94) of the molded bodies (102) based on the cellulosic fibers after the mechanical separation (66) and the chemical separation (76).

2. The method according to claim 1, having at least one of the following features:

wherein the shredding (56) of the textile material comprises shredding; wherein the separation (58) of at least a portion of the non-fibrous components separates foreign matter from the remainder of the textile material from a group consisting of buttons, zippers, seams and textile printing;

wherein separating (58) the non-fibrous components from the

Fiber components due to different physical properties, in particular by means of metal deposition and / or gravitational deposition, takes place;

wherein the mechanical severing (66) is based on density differences between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers; wherein the mechanical separation (66) takes place based on different electrostatic properties between the non-cellulosic fibers and the cellulosic fibers.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical severing (66) comprises:

Suspending (68) the fiber components in a liquid medium, in particular an aqueous medium;

Separating (70) the non-cellulosic fibers from the cellulosic fibers due to different physical properties in the liquid

Medium, in particular different gravitational, centrifugal force-related, flotative and / or electrostatic properties.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the liquid medium has at least one additive for reinforcing the different physical properties of non-cellulosic fibers and of cellulosic fibers, in particular a dispersant and / or a swelling agent.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the chemical separation (76) comprises:

selectively releasing (72) only at least some of the non-cellulosic fibers or only at least some of the cellulosic fibers in one

Solvent;

Separating (74), in particular filtering off, at least some of the undissolved fiber components.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the chemical separation (76) a supply of an alkaline solution, in particular below

Use of oxidizing agents, in particular an alkaline cooking.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the supply of the alkaline solution for degrading non-cellulosic fibers, in particular synthetic fibers, further in particular polyester fibers, takes place.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, having at least one of the following features:

wherein the chemical separation (76) comprises: converting (80) at least some of the non-cellulosic fibers into soluble, in particular water-soluble, substances, dissolving (82) the soluble substances in a solvent, in particular an aqueous solvent, and separating (84 ), in particular filtering off undissolved cellulosic fibers from the dissolved substances;

wherein the mechanical separation (66) and / or the chemical

Severing (76) comprises severing synthetic fibers as non-cellulosic fibers;

wherein the production (94) of the molded bodies (102) based on the cellulosic fibers by means of the Lyocell process or by means of the

Viscose process takes place.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the production (94) of the shaped bodies comprises:

Dissolving (96) the cellulosic fibers in a solvent (116) and converting the dissolved cellulosic fibers into a spinning mass;

Extrusion (97) of the spinning mass through spinnerets and subsequent precipitation (98) in a spinning bath (191).

10. The method according to claim 9, having at least one of the following features:

wherein the loosening (96) of the cellulosic fibers by means of a

Direct dissolution process and / or by means of tertiary amine oxides, in particular N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, takes place as a solvent;

the precipitation (98) in a spinning bath (191) being brought about by an aqueous medium, in particular having air humidity and / or a water bath, further in particular essentially consisting of water or a mixture of water and solvent (116).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the method comprises bleaching (86) the chemically separated cellulosic fibers.

The method of claim 11, wherein the bleaching (86) comprises at least one of a group consisting of oxidative bleaching, reductive bleaching, and enzymatic bleaching.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the bleaching (86) comprises:

Performing (88) an acid wash;

in particular subsequently, performing (90) an ozone bleaching; and in particular subsequently, performing (92) peroxide bleach.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the method after separating (58) from at least a portion of the non-fiber components comprises:

further chopping (60) the separated non-fiber components;

Recovering (62) fiber residues from the further comminuted non-fiber components; and

Feeding (63) the recovered fiber residues to the

Fiber components and / or for mechanical separation (66).

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, having at least one of the following features:

wherein the method precedes mechanical severing (66)

Separating (64) the fiber constituents into individual fibers, in particular by means of tearing and / or grinding;

wherein the method comprises reworking (99) the precipitated shaped bodies (102);

wherein in the method at most a part of the non-cellulosic fibers, in particular at most a part of polyester and / or at most a part of elastane, from the textile material for producing the molded bodies (102) is also used;

an inhomogeneous textile material, in particular a mixed textile fabric, being used as the textile material;

wherein the textile material comprises or consists of remnants from a clothing production and / or, in particular, old clothing worn by a consumer;

wherein a shaped body (102) is a fiber, a film, a sponge, a ball or a bead;

wherein the method comprises further processing the shaped bodies (102) into one

Has product, in particular to a textile fabric.