Process for reusing a mixed textile comprising cellulose and synthetic plastic

The invention relates to a method for recycling a mixed textile and a regenerated cellulosic molded body produced from the mixed textile by further processing.

The invention relates to the technical field of reuse (recycling), in particular the reuse of mixed textiles, each of which has cellulose and at least one synthetic plastic. The invention also relates in particular to reusing the mixed textiles for producing a regenerated cellulosic molded body, in particular wherein the cellulose of the molded body is essentially in the form of lyocell fibers and / or viscose fibers.

Viscose fibers are chemical fibers or regenerated fibers that are produced using a wet spinning process called viscose. The starting raw material of the viscose process is cellulose, which is provided on the basis of wood. The high-purity cellulose in the form of chemical pulp is obtained from this raw material, wood. In

In successive process stages, the pulp is first treated with caustic soda, which forms alkali cellulose. In a subsequent

The reaction of this alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide forms cellulose xanthate. From this, the viscose spinning solution is generated by adding more sodium hydroxide solution, which is then fed into a spinneret through the holes of shower-like spinnerets

Spinning bath is pumped. A viscose filament is created there by coagulation per spinneret hole. The viscose filaments produced in this way are then cut into viscose staple fibers.

Lyocell is the name of a type of regenerated fiber containing cellulose that is produced using a direct solvent process. The cellulose is extracted from the raw material wood for the Lyocell process. The pulp obtained in this way can then be dissolved in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), a solvent, by removing water without chemical modification, filtered and

are then pressed through spinnerets. The filaments formed in this way are precipitated after passing through an air gap in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution and then cut into staple fibers.

When using recycled materials as raw materials for the

Cellulose production often poses the problem of its purity

Raw materials. These are often made from materials that are not typical of wood

contaminated. In particular, today's old textiles and / or leftovers from clothing manufacture are heavily contaminated with plastics. On the one hand, because they are made of plastics. On the other hand, because nowadays many old textiles, which are mainly made of natural fibers such as cellulose, are partially included

Plastic components are contaminated. These are for example made of elastane

Elastics or polyester made from sewing thread. In this context, textiles that contain both cellulose and a synthetic plastic can be referred to as mixed textiles.

Up to now, when recycling raw materials such as old textiles, especially mixed textiles, attempts have been made, through sometimes complex process steps, to remove as much additions or foreign substances as possible in order to make cellulose as pure as possible available as a "new" raw material. These process steps can include, for example: Bleaching, chemical separation and mechanical separation. These process steps are often very cost-intensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, processes are known to recover synthetic plastic, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as a raw material

Cellulose is depleted or destroyed. For example, the document WO 2014045062 A1 describes a method for extracting polyester from an object using a solvent system.

For the production of cellulose for use in recycling processes, which use a Lyocell process or a viscose process, for example, recycling materials (starting materials) can be used. When processing these raw materials, e.g. mixed textiles, one of them falls when it closes

Material cycle to various undesirable foreign substances, which must be removed in the production of a recycled molded body, such as a fiber. One of the reasons for this is that the chemical / physical properties of a recycled fiber are sufficiently similar to those of a non-recycled fiber.

It is an object of the present invention to recycle a mixed textile in a resource-saving and sustainable manner so that a molded body with specific properties can be produced.

This task is carried out by the subjects according to the independent

Patent claims solved. Preferred refinements result from the dependent claims.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for recycling a mixed textile is described. The method comprises: i) supplying the

Mixed textile, the mixed textile having cellulosic fibers and synthetic fibers, the synthetic fibers having at least one synthetic fiber

Comprise plastic, ii) at least partial depletion of the synthetic plastic from the cellulose, and iii) further processing of the depleted mixed textile after the depletion.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, a regenerated cellulosic molded body is described which is produced according to the method described above. The shaped body is selected from the group consisting of filaments, fibers, a film, a fabric, a fleece, a (micro) sphere, beads and a sponge. Furthermore, the shaped body has cellulose, in particular cellulose and synthetic plastic, which at least partially originates from the depleted mixed textile. Furthermore, the molded body has at least one of the features described below.

In the context of this application, the term “cellulose” can be understood in particular as an organic compound which is a component of plant cell walls or which can be produced synthetically. Cellulose is a

Polysaccharide (i.e. a polysaccharide). Cellulose is unbranched and typically has several hundred to tens of thousands of ß-D-glucose molecules (ß-1,4-glycosidic bond) or cellobiose units. Plants build cellulose fibers from cellulose molecules in a controlled manner. With a

technical process can form cellulose molecules

Regenerated fibers are stored together, for example as tear-resistant fibers.

In the context of this application, the term "molding"

in particular a two- or three-dimensional geometric body can be understood which is a result of a method for producing or recovering cellulose. In particular, a shaped body can be understood to mean a two- or three-dimensional object which has or consists of cellulose and is produced from dissolved cellulose. Shaped bodies can in particular be Lyocell shaped bodies, viscose shaped bodies or Modal shaped bodies. Typical molded bodies are filaments, fibers, sponges and / or films. In principle, all types of cellulose moldings are suitable for

Embodiments of the invention. Both as fibers

Endless filaments as well as cut staple fibers with conventional

Dimensions (for example, 38 mm length) and short fibers to be understood. Both methods are used for the production of fibers

Extraction devices after one or more extrusion nozzles as well as other processes, such as in particular melt-blowing processes, are possible. As an alternative to fibers, a cellulose-containing film can also be produced as the shaped body, ie a flat and essentially homogeneous film with or from cellulose. Foils can in particular be produced by setting the process parameters of a Lyocell process, at least in part, to initiate coagulation only after the filaments have hit a receiving surface. Films can be understood to mean flat cellulose molded bodies, the thickness of these films being adjustable (for example by selecting a number of serially arranged nozzle bars). Other embodiments of a molded body are a woven fabric and a fleece made of cellulose filaments or

Cellulose filaments ("melt blown"). Here, under a fabric

in particular a textile fabric made of at least two (preferably at right angles or almost at right angles) crossed thread systems (or

Fiber systems) are understood, with threads (or fibers) in the longitudinal direction as warp threads and threads (or fibers) in the transverse direction as weft threads

can be designated. A fleece or nonwoven can be referred to as a disordered structure (in particular in a random layer) made of filaments or fibers or cut yarns of limited length, which form a

Fiber layer or a fiber pile joined together and (in particular

frictionally) are connected to each other. A shaped body can also be created in the shape of a sphere. Particles containing cellulose, such as, in particular, beads (i.e. a granulate or spheres) or flakes, which can be further processed in this form, can also be provided as shaped bodies. Possible cellulose molded bodies are therefore also particulate structures such as granules, spherical powders or fibrids. A shaped body is preferably shaped by extrusion of a cellulose-containing spinning solution through an extrusion nozzle, since in this way large quantities of cellulose shaped bodies can be produced with a very uniform shape. Another possible cellulose molded body is a sponge or, more generally, a porous molded body.

Composite materials are used.

In the context of this application, the term “cellulose source” can be understood in particular as a medium (in particular a solid medium) which provides the cellulose material used for this purpose as a basis for producing a molded body containing cellulose during a corresponding production process. An example is wood or wood pulp.

In the context of this application, the term “Lyocell process” can be understood in particular as a process for producing cellulose by a direct solvent process. For the Lyocell process, the cellulose can be obtained from a starting material which contains this cellulose. The starting material can in the Lyocell process in a suitable solvent (in particular comprising tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and / or ionic liquids, ie low-melting salts which are built up from cations and anions) The solution obtained, which can also be referred to as dope or spinning solution, can be used in the Lyocell process

then pressed through one or more spinnerets. Filaments formed as a result can during and / or after their free or

controlled falling through an air gap in a water-containing bath

(in particular in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution) and / or the air humidity in the air gap can be precipitated.

In the context of this application, the term “viscose process” can in particular include a process for producing cellulose according to a

Wet spinning processes are understood. The cellulose can be used for that

Viscose process from a raw material (especially wood or a

Wood pulp) containing this cellulose. In

successive process stages can be used in the viscose process

The starting material must first be treated with a base (for example with sodium hydroxide solution), whereby alkali cellulose is formed. When this alkali cellulose is then reacted with carbon disulfide, cellulose xanthate is formed. From this, a viscose spinning solution can be generated by further adding a base (in particular sodium hydroxide solution), which by one or more

Spinnerets can be pressed. In a spinning bath arise through

Coagulation of viscose filaments.

In the context of this application, the term “residues from a

Clothing manufacture "in particular rejects and / or offcuts

Cellulose comprising or consisting of textile or yarn are understood, these residues during a process for the production of

Clothing. In the manufacture of clothing, for example, a cellulose-containing textile is produced as the starting material, from which flat parts (for example in the form of a T-shirt half) are cut out. What remains are residues which, according to an exemplary embodiment, can be fed back to a method for producing a molded body comprising cellulose. Garment-making scraps can therefore be a cellulose-based or cellulose-based raw material that can be used to recover cellulose before a consumer has used the scraps as clothing or in some other way. Remnants from a clothing production can in particular be formed from essentially pure cellulose, in particular without separate and non-cellulose

foreign bodies (such as buttons, textile prints or seams).

In the context of this registration, the term "old clothes"

in particular items of clothing containing cellulose are to be understood which, when recovering at least part of the cellulose, have already been taken from a

Consumers have been used (especially worn). Used clothing can therefore be a cellulose-containing raw material, which can (but does not have to) contain significant amounts of foreign substances and can be used to recover cellulose after a

Consumer who has used old clothes as clothing or in any other way. Old clothes can in particular be formed from a mixture of cellulose and one or more foreign substances, in particular containing synthetic plastic (such as polyester and / or elastane) and / or separate foreign bodies not containing cellulose (such as, for example Buttons, textile prints or seams). Polyesters are understood to mean, in particular, polymers with ester functions (R - [- C0-0 -] - R) in their main chain. Polyesters include polycarbonates and polyethylene terephthalate. Elastane is particularly elastic

Understood chemical fiber with high elasticity. A block copolymer on which elastane is based can contain a mass fraction of at least 85% polyurethane.

In the context of this application, the term “mixed textile” can in particular be understood to mean a textile which has more than one component or consists of at least two components. Textiles can, for example, be remnants from clothing manufacture or old clothes (see description below). A textile can consist of one component, for example cotton or one

synthetic plastic. A mixed textile in turn has at least two different such components. For example, a mixed textile can have cotton and a synthetic plastic. Furthermore, a mixed textile can contain cellulose, in particular cotton-cellulose, and polyester, in particular

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A mixed textile can also have more than two components, for example cellulose, polyester and polyamide. According to a further example, a mixed textile

(Cotton) cellulose, PET and elastane. The components can also be described as fibers. A mixed textile can have cellulosic fibers and synthetic fibers. The synthetic fibers can have at least one synthetic plastic.

In the context of this application, the term “synthetic plastic” can be understood to mean, in particular, a substance which is composed of macromolecules and is produced synthetically. The respective macromolecules of a plastic are polymers and are therefore made up of repeating basic units (repeat units). The size of the macromolecules of a polymer can vary from a few thousand to over a million basic units. For example, the polymer polyethylene (PE) consists of one another

connected, repeating ethylene units. The polymers here can be unbranched, branched or crosslinked molecules. In terms of their physical properties, plastics can in principle be divided into three groups: thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers. Furthermore, these properties can also be combined in subgroups, for example at

thermoplastic elastomers. Important characteristics of plastics are their technical properties, such as malleability, hardness, elasticity, breaking strength, temperature and heat resistance and chemical resistance, which can be varied within wide limits by the choice of macromolecules, manufacturing processes and usually by adding additives. Typical

Reactions for the production of synthetic plastic from monomers or prepolymers are: chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation. Examples of synthetic plastics, which are also used in textiles in particular, are, for example, polyurethane (PUR), in particular as a component of elastane, polyester (PE, eg polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), polyamide (PA, eg nylon, perlon) and polyether, in particular Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a component of elastane.

In the context of this application, the term "elastane" can be understood in particular as a synthetic plastic which has thermoplastic and elastic properties. Elastane can therefore be referred to as a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) Both blocks are marked: Polyurethane (PUR) and polyethylene glycol ether (PEG). Here the PUR segments can form stiff sections, which alternate with soft, elastic PEG sections. PUR can form stiff, stretched sections that are attached to each other and through the Build-up of secondary valence forces enable the cohesion of a fiber, for example

are bundled together, but these can also be stretched. Here, elastane can be present as a crimped structure with very high extensibility (several 100%, e.g. 700%). The density can be, for example, between 1.1 and 1.3 g / cm 3 and the strength, for example, 5 to 12 cN / tex. The elasticity can be temperature-dependent. Furthermore, the term “elastane” can be understood to mean both elastane itself and related thermoplastic elastomers (for example Elastollan, Desmopan, Texin and Utechllan).

In the context of this application, the term “depletion” can in particular be understood to mean a process by means of which a component is at least partially removed from a mixture of at least two components. For example, a mixed textile can contain the components cellulose and PET

exhibit. If the proportion of the component PET is now reduced, this can be referred to as depletion of PET. There are a number of known ways of performing such a depletion. Initially this can be done mechanically, for example by density separation. In addition or instead, the depletion can be carried out by means of chemical separation. Examples of this are hydrolyzing or derivatizing those to be depleted

Component. Furthermore, the component to be depleted can be removed using a solvent. During the depletion, the component to be depleted can be degraded or destroyed. Furthermore, the component to be depleted can be present in its original form, that is, not degraded, after depletion.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the disadvantage is overcome that when cellulose is depleted from a

Mixed textile this is degraded to a greater or lesser extent and can therefore no longer be reused for subsequent processes (e.g. a Lyocell process or a viscose process). In order to separate a synthetic plastic (for example the polyester PET) from cellulose, there have been various methods in which cellulose is depleted or degraded.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it has now been shown that by selective dissolving or depletion of synthetic plastic (eg PET) from mixed textiles containing synthetic plastic and cellulose, both the synthetic plastic and the cellulose can be recovered in sufficiently good quality . This can also be made economically possible by using mixed textiles with a lower plastic (PET) content.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it has surprisingly been found that, through targeted control of

Residual concentrations in the course of reusing a mixed textile (including the recycling process or the processing of the

Starting material) new properties can be achieved in a (Lyocell) molded body to be produced or its textile secondary products. This functionalization of residual concentrations from a mixed textile that is based on thermoplastics, which is achieved in this way, can provide a large number of advantageous properties, for example strength or elasticity.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, this functionalization achieved in this way of residual concentrations from a mixed textile based on thermoplastic elastomers such as elastane can surprisingly allow an efficient compensation of (negative)

Changes in properties, which can result in particular from the proportion of recycled cellulose fibers in a (Lyocell) molded body to be produced.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, synthetic plastics which are used in large quantities in textiles can be at least partially depleted in order to obtain cellulose as a raw material for a recycling process. However, it is not necessarily one

Complete depletion of the plastic is necessary, but a proportion to be determined in each case (at least partial depletion) of the synthetic plastic can remain in the mixed textile. This can happen to a

Cellulose-containing moldings to be produced lead to specifically controllable desired properties.

While it has hitherto been a matter of recovering a particularly large amount of synthetic plastic from textiles with a high plastic content (with cellulose occurring as a waste product), according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, on the contrary, a mixed textile with a rather lower amount is used

Plastic content is used as a raw material for the primary production of cellulose and not for the production of synthetic plastic. In this way, cellulose can be obtained efficiently.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the entire plastic does not have to be depleted, but a small part can be used for

Further processing remain in the mixed textile. Surprisingly, a small residual proportion of (certain) synthetic plastic in a molded body comprising cellulose to be produced can not only be accepted without interference, but can even provide advantageous properties such as increased stability and / or improved elasticity.

In summary, according to one embodiment of the invention, the fact that a mixed textile comprising cellulose and synthetic plastic is used by depletion (e.g. selective dissolution and separation of the polymer components in a solvent, in particular a solvent that does not degrade cellulose) the plastic is more resource-efficient and sustainable cellulose raw material can be reused. A regenerated cellulosic molded body can be produced from this cellulose starting material, for example by means of a lyocell or viscose process.

According to one embodiment, the from the mixed textile as

Shaped bodies produced from the starting material, for example by means of Lyocell or viscose processes, have specific, desired properties due to a residual proportion of certain synthetic plastic.

Additional exemplary embodiments of the method and of the molded body are described below.

According to one embodiment, the synthetic plastic is at least one from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, elastane and polyether. This can have the advantage that industrially relevant plastics which are used in large quantities in textiles can be at least partially depleted in order to obtain cellulose as a starting material for reuse. In the case of a molded article comprising cellulose to be produced, the plastics mentioned can also lead to desired properties that can be controlled in a targeted manner.

Examples of synthetic plastics, which in particular also in

Mixed textiles are used, for example polyester (PE, e.g.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA, eg nylon, perlon), polyurethane (PUR), in particular as a component of elastane, and polyether, in particular polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a component of elastane. According to a

Embodiment, in particular, PET is depleted, which can be present in large quantities in many mixed textiles. In addition, larger proportions of PET in a mixed textile for a recycling process or for a molded body to be produced can cause undesirable properties.

According to a further embodiment, the cellulose is derived from

Mixed textiles made of cotton. This can have the benefit of being a

industry-relevant substance, which occurs in very large quantities in mixed textiles, can be used directly. Furthermore, ecological advantages are provided because the production of cotton is very resource-intensive.

A large number of mixed textiles have cellulose in cotton form (see the description of FIG. 5 below). This cotton cellulose

differs in phenotype as well as in the physical properties of lyocell and viscose cellulose. For example, cotton-cellulose fibers do not require an additional matting agent (eg titanium oxide), while lyocell and viscose-cellulose fibers without such an agent can be translucent, especially when moist.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the starting material can include all or some of the residues from clothing manufacture and / or old clothing (for example mixed textiles). In other words, textiles, in particular leftovers from clothing manufacture and / or old clothes, can be used as at least part of the starting material. This is particularly preferred

Use of leftovers from clothing production, since such offcuts or rejects often have a very high cellulose content and thus a high degree of purity. In particular, such a pre-consumer textile can be free from foreign bodies such as buttons, seams or textile printing. For example, residues from clothing production can essentially comprise woven (and optionally dyed) cellulose, so that such residues can, if necessary, also be converted directly into solution in order to be converted therefrom by means of the lyocell

Process to recover cellulose. In the case of old clothes or post-consumer textiles, larger foreign objects such as buttons, prints and seams can be removed during or after mechanical shredding. Other foreign matter from the leftovers or old clothes, such as paints and synthetic plastics (such as polyester and elastane), may be removed before loosening one

corresponding starting material for forming the dope or the spinning solution can be completely or partially removed, but can also remain completely or partially in the spinning solution.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the method also has:

Purification of the cellulose, the purification taking place between the depletion and further processing. This can have the advantage that particularly high-quality cellulose can be provided for a recycling process.

Such cleaning can, for example, remove at least a portion of synthetic plastic if so desired. For example, the proportion of synthetic plastic in the to be produced can in this way

Shaped bodies are adjusted or influenced. The cleaning does not correspond to the actual depletion, but serves as an additional one

Process step for removing (certain) synthetic plastic, which is not firmly bound, for example, and / or washing off plastic residues. Furthermore, the cleaning can comprise an at least partial removal of dyes by bleaching. This makes it possible to wholly or partially decolorize the mixed textile, for example to add white or gray

Manufacture moldings. Furthermore, the mixed textile can be at least partially freed from fiber-crosslinking crosslinkers. In applications in which such crosslinkers are present between the fibers of the mixed textile, the fibers can be completely or partially freed from these crosslinkers by means of an alkaline or acidic pretreatment.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the depletion in the

The method further includes: selective depletion of at least one synthetic plastic from the mixed textile. Here, the synthetic plastic can in particular be one from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane and elastane. This can provide the advantage that plastic components in a mixed textile which is to be used in a recycling process can be specifically influenced or controlled in order to obtain specific properties in a molded body to be produced.

Certain synthetic plastics can have disruptive properties during a recycling process, in particular a Lyocell process.

According to an exemplary embodiment, PET can be selectively depleted from the mixed textile. For example, a processed mixed textile, which is present as a small fabric / fiber mixture, can be treated with tetrahydrofuran (THF) under pressure at temperatures of 120 ° to 190 ° C, with PET selectively dissolving. There can be a polymer concentration in the

Solvent of max. 10%, otherwise the viscosity would become too high in a subsequent process. A filtering of that

Backlog is then hardly possible. For this variant, an adapted temperature control is particularly important in order to achieve the desired final PET content. In this way, the degree of degradation can be controlled and a relatively precise final PET concentration can be set.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the dissolution of PET can be achieved by solvent and the precipitation can be carried out at temperatures below the melting point of PET (approximately in the range between 180 ° C. and 220 ° C.). A dialkyl dicarboxylate or a dialkyl dicarboxylate mixture, for example, can be used as the solvent. A dimethyl ester or a diethyl ester of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid, for example, can also be used as the solvent. Non-polar substances such as aliphatic

Hydrocarbons or mixtures such as petroleum ether and gasoline can be used. In particular, n-alkanes and / or iso-alkanes can be used as precipitants.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, cellulose (with an optional polyamide (PA) portion) is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated by distillation so that flowability is maintained. The concentrated solution is introduced into liquids that are not suitable as solvents for PET but are miscible with THF (in particular methanol, ethanol,

Hydrocarbons from c5 (pentane) to clO (gasoline / diesel)) precipitated. After filtration and drying, PET can be available in fine-grain form as a fully-fledged raw material, since the polyester does not break down with the process described.

Polypropylene (PP) can also occur in a mixed textile. This comes, for example, from non-woven components, such as fleece linings from clothing or similar materials. For example, in a Lyocell process, PP can cause a significant disruption of the process, because PP is insoluble in NMMO and can cause filters to clog during the subsequent production of a Lyocell molded body.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the PP fractions can be selectively depleted by mechanical flotation (PP density is around 0.75 to 0.9 kg / L, the density of the other plastics is significantly above 1.0 kg / L).

If this does not succeed, PP can use another example

Embodiment can be selectively depleted (dissolved) from the mixture beforehand in a first stage by aromatic solvents (for example toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, cumene) at temperatures of up to 150 ° C. This pre-separation variant of PP is of particular interest because cellulose, PET, PA and PUR are insoluble in the aromatic solvent. In a second stage, the proportion of PET can then be reduced as described above, the processes being able to intermesh without prior complete removal of the previous solvent, since the solvent mixture that ultimately results is safely and effectively fractionated

Distillation can be separated.

In a further embodiment, a primary reduction of the polymer components is aimed for in the recycling of old textiles. For example, PP can be separated (selectively depleted) to a large extent by flotation processes. Furthermore, polyamides (PA) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be separated off (selectively depleted) by hydrolysis in the pH range below 7. The further polyester components can then finally be selectively depleted through the above-described dissolution. These upstream selection mechanisms

allow according to an embodiment of the invention a resource and

Reduction of effort in a recycling process.

By processing the mixed textile according to one embodiment of the invention, it can be ensured that remaining (up to a desired level depleted) plastics such as PUR, PA, PET, polyester etc. in the appropriate concentration for further use in a recycling process such as a lyocell -Proceedings, remain. If this is achieved, the plastic components contained in a spinning solution of a Lyocell process can have an effect similar to a composite fiber-thermoplastic system.

In a preferred embodiment, the desired proportions of, for example, PET and PUR can be set in mixed textiles by selective depletion of the residual plastics present. The one after adding one

Recycled (Lyocell) molded bodies produced from processed mixed textiles can be similar or almost identical in terms of their properties to a non-recycled Lyocell molded body. In particular, these properties can be brought even closer to the properties of a non-recycled Lyocell fiber by the additional addition of recycled Lyocell fabric, so that no difference can be determined by measurement.

In the cases described, the solvents can be largely recovered by fractional distillation. Thus, the depletion processes described are particularly advantageous in terms of closed material cycles and resource use.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the depletion of the method further comprises: complete removal of at least one synthetic plastic from the mixed textile. Here, the synthetic plastic can in particular be polyester and / or elastane. This can have the advantage that the

depleted mixed textile is particularly pure and undesirable properties can thus be significantly reduced.

Some synthetic plastics, for example polyester (PET), elastane or polypropylene, can have chemical / physical properties that are in one

Recycling processes can be particularly disruptive. So z. Legs

Insolubility in a spinning solution should be seen as a major problem.

A depleted mixed textile that does not transfer these negative properties into a process for further use (e.g. Lyocell process) can be correspondingly advantageous.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the depletion of the method further comprises: at least partial retention of a synthetic plastic in the mixed textile. Here, the synthetic plastic can in particular be one from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyurethane and elastane. This can have the advantage that a synthetic plastic no longer has to be particularly clean or purely depleted. The depletion of small residual concentrations can be technically quite challenging and resource-intensive.

Instead, synthetic plastic, e.g. B. polyurethane, remain in the mixed textile, which means that complex and costly depletion processes can be reduced or are no longer necessary. If at least part of the polyurethane is assigned to elastane, additional advantages can be achieved, such as, for. B. an improvement in the strength values ​​and / or the elasticity of the molded body to be produced.

Small proportions (e.g. less than 2%) of z. B. polyamides and polyesters are also processed in the recycling process in order to achieve good integration in cellulose. In a recycling process, this can be a clear advantage, because the at least partial removal of further synthetic polymers, in particular in low concentrations, can be disproportionately complex. The above-mentioned other synthetic plastics can be found very frequently and widely in raw materials such as textiles. Therefore, the acceptance of small residual quantities makes a recycling process much easier.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the mixed textile has a first synthetic plastic, in particular polyamide and / or polyurethane. The mixed textile also has a second synthetic plastic, in particular polyester, further in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or

Polypropylene. In addition, the depletion further comprises: i) at least partial depletion from the first synthetic plastic to a first

Concentration value, ii) at least partial depletion of the second synthetic plastic to a second concentration value. The first concentration value is now different from the second concentration value, in particular greater. This has the advantage that the technically complex and cost-intensive depletion of another plastic is at least partially eliminated. Instead, the presence of at least one other

synthetic plastic even influence or control the properties of the fiber to be produced in an advantageous manner.

For example, a high concentration of polyester, in particular PET, and / or PP can be undesirable for the recycling process of the mixed textile.

However, PA and / or PUR, for example, can also be used for the latter

especially as a component of elastane, should not necessarily be undesirable. As described in this document, PA, PUR or elastane can in some cases provide advantageous properties such as improving the strength of a fiber. In this way, for example, the first concentration value can correspond to a concentration of polyester or PP which is as low as possible

should be held. Furthermore, for example, the second concentration value can correspond to a concentration of PA or PUR, it being possible for a concentration in certain ranges to be advantageous. Thus, the concentration of polyester / PP can be set as low as possible, while the concentration of PA / PUR can be set higher. However, this is only one example and a variety of different combinations of plastics and

Concentrations are possible. So, taking into account the too

A large number of specific concentrations can be set to achieve properties of a molded body to be produced.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the depletion of the method has at least one of the two separation methods described below.

Mechanical separation, especially due to the difference in density between the materials.

A chemical separation comprising at least one of the group consisting of hydrolyzing, derivatizing, and using one

Solvent. According to a preferred embodiment, a

Solvent used, which does not decompose the cellulose For example, alkaline cooking with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be carried out in order to break down residual polyester and adjust the chain length of the cellulose molecules.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the method also has:

Feeding in at least one further mixed textile which has cellulose and at least one synthetic plastic, the proportion of

synthetic plastic is different in the mixed textile and in the further mixed textile, such that a plastic composition obtained has at least one predetermined property. This has the advantage that the desired proportions of synthetic plastic can be set or influenced accordingly, essentially without the additional use of chemical processes.

In a preferred embodiment, residual constituents of synthetic plastic contained in starting materials are adjusted to a specific amount. A shaped body comprising cellulose produced after adding several specific starting materials can then be desired

Plastic concentrations or compositions and correspondingly have specific chemical / physical properties. These can be properties that correspond to those of a non-recycled Lyocell fiber, for example.

In particular, by mixing different compositions of mixed textiles and / or starting materials such as old clothes and / or leftovers from clothing production, a specific property, e.g. the concentration of synthetic plastic (e.g. elastane) and optionally at least one other synthetic plastic, can be set and thus the Control subsequent use and / or functionalization in a targeted manner.

In a further preferred embodiment, various

Starting materials of different compositions mixed in such a way that the desired proportions of the different plastics are set. In this exemplary embodiment, a desired mixture is achieved simply by selecting the starting materials. So no additional

Plastics are added which would have to be chemically pretreated separately. Therefore this can be chemical-reduced / chemical-free

Design variant (only achieved by mixing raw materials) can be viewed as particularly advantageous in terms of resource consumption and ecological aspects.

The further mixed textile can be fed in while the mixed textile is being fed in. Furthermore, the further mixed textile or a

depleted (processed) mixed textile can be supplied at a later point in time, e.g. during a Lyocell process.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the further processing includes a lyocell process or a viscose process for producing a regenerated cellulosic molding. This has the advantage that a proven and robust method can be used directly. The Lyocell process is described in detail in this document.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the regenerated cellulosic molded body has at least one of the features described below.

The regenerated cellulosic molding can contain less than 0.5%

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or more than 1% polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyamide (PA). At least 2% of the mixed textile content in the regenerated cellulosic molded body can be synthetic plastic.

The regenerated cellulosic molded body has strength values ​​of a conventional Lyocell fiber. Average fiber data for a common lyocell fiber (e.g. TENCEL ® ) can be as follows. Maximum tensile strength conditioned (FFk): 40.2 cN / dtex; Maximum tensile force wet (FFn): 37.5 cN / dtex, maximum tensile force elongation conditioned (FDk): 13.0%, maximum tensile force elongation wet (FDn): 18.4%

(Source: Lenzinger Reports 87 (2009) 98-105, Table 1). Maximum tensile force (FFk) can therefore be in the range 35 to 45 cN / dtex, in particular 38 to 42 cN / dtex, maximum tensile force wet (FFn) in the range 32 to 42 cN / dtex, in particular 35 to 40 cN / dtex. Maximum force elongation (FDk) can be in the range 10 to 15% and maximum tensile force wet (FDn) in the range 16 to 20%.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of synthetic plastic (elastane, optionally with additional proportions of, for example, PET, PUR and PA) can be present in a certain concentration. This can lead to a particularly homogeneous distribution in a spinning solution, so that the plastic is finely distributed evenly in the spinning process in the (Lyocell) molded body to be produced. In this way, specific fiber properties can be controlled or influenced accordingly.

The regenerated cellulosic molded body also has a reduced tendency to fibrillation. The astonishingly lower one achieved in this way

Fibrillation tendency can be explained by the fact that involved

Residual plastics such as polyester oligomers in the sense of a separating

(at least partially amorphous) sliding layer the sliding of each

support crystalline cellulose strands and also control the transverse adhesion between the cellulose strands. This can have the effect that the delamination typical of fibrillation is correspondingly inhibited. In other words, polyester oligomers or other synthetic plastics act as hot-melt adhesives within the fiber. Fibrillation can be understood to mean, in particular, the locally limited splitting off of fibrillary elements along the fiber axis. This is particularly the case with a simultaneous effect of mechanics and moisture on the fiber.

According to a preferred embodiment, the synthetic is derived

Plastic in the molded body predominantly, in particular exclusively, from the mixed textile. This has the advantage that the shaped body is particularly

can be produced in a resource-saving manner. The synthetic plastic in the molded body can come completely or at least partially from the starting material. There is thus essentially no further plastic added

necessary. Furthermore, it is also possible, at least in part, to dispense with an expensive depletion of the plastic from the starting material.

According to a preferred embodiment, the concentrations of synthetic plastic, in particular polyester, in the regenerated cellulosic molded body in the range 0.1 to 60 percent by weight,

in particular 0.1 to 15 percent by weight, based on the cellulose.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the plastic concentrations on the finished (Lyocell) molded body can be detected within an accuracy of +/- 0.2%.

According to one embodiment, the method may include post-processing of the precipitated cellulose to obtain the molded body from the preform

Have molded body. Such an optional post-processing can include, for example, drying, impregnation and / or reshaping of the cellulose filaments obtained. Corresponding post-processing makes it possible, at the end of the Lyocell process, to apply the

Complete molding production.

According to one embodiment, fibers of the starting material and / or fibers of the molded body can have a smooth, round outer surface. As shown in FIG. 3, extracted by means of the Lyocell process stand out

Cellulose fibers are distinguished by such a shape and therefore stand out from other fiber shapes such as those found in natural cotton or obtained by means of a viscose process.

The moldings produced according to the invention can, for example,

Packaging material, fiber material, textile composites, fiber composites, nonwovens, needle felts, upholstery wadding, fabrics, knitted fabrics, as home textiles, such as bed linen, as items of clothing, as fillers, flocking material,

Hospital textiles, such as pads, diapers or mattresses, can be used as material for thermal blankets, shoe insoles and wound dressings.

Embodiments of the invention can be in the most varied

technical fields as well as in medicine and in cosmetics and wellness. In medicine, for example, materials for

Wound treatment and wound healing can be composed of a carrier, which determines the mechanical properties, and a biocompatible coating material, which is particularly compatible with the skin and with the surface of the wound. Numerous other uses are possible.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the following figures.

Figure 1 shows a flow chart of a method for recycling a

Mixed textile, with a regenerated cellulosic molded body being produced, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for producing a regenerated cellulosic molded body by means of a Lyocell process according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a Lyocell process.

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a viscose process.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber from a cotton plant.

Identical or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numbers.

Before exemplary exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the figures, some basic considerations should be summarized, based on which exemplary exemplary embodiments of the invention have been derived.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a selective depletion of thermoplastic additives is carried out in mixed textiles so that they can be reused for the production of a (Lyocell) molded body. In the process, the proportion of PET is greatly reduced and proportion of PUR is slightly reduced. It takes advantage of the fact that residual

Components of PUR can serve as positive property changers in the Lyocell process.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, recycling of cellulose from mixed fabrics (mixed textiles) is included

Polymer fractions carried out by selective dissolution and separation of the polymer fractions in a solvent that does not attack the cellulose.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the recovery of cellulose provides a new solution concept

suggested, which is based on a typically lower (<50%)

Polymer content in a raw material (mixed textile). Here is the

Execution of the invention optimally, for example, when it comes to reducing polymer proportions below 30% to values ​​in the single-digit percentage range (possibly per thousand range). This is particularly advantageous in that, in contrast to the known methods, the focus is not on the recycling of the plastics, but on the utilization of the non-polymeric residual components, in particular the cellulose. In contrast, previously known processes are based on the fact that the materials to be recycled contain a high to very high proportion of plastic. A considerable part of polymers can be recovered from an exemplary high plastic content of 80 to 90%. In the residual material that is typically thermally recycled, there would still be up to 50% residual polymer.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, residual polymers from starting materials are used as adhesion enhancers under cellulose fibers or as thermoplastic property enhancers within a Lyocell molded body. They remain essentially inert until a certain step in the production process has been completed. In particular, a subsequent stiffening of a fabric by means of heat (analogous to hot-melt adhesive) can be achieved (eg non-iron shirts, pleating, etc.). A complex process is usually used to produce fabrics which have the property of high dimensional stability (eg non-iron). This can be, for example, the combination of very complex chemical

Procedure. It keeps a shirt looking new for a long time. So-called "wet crosslinking" is also possible, in which an elastic bridge is built between the molecules of cotton cellulose. This bridge pulls the fabric back into shape after washing.

Through the targeted control of the proportion of residual polymers (e.g.

Polyurethane made of elastane from mixed textiles) according to one embodiment of the invention, however, a certain thermoplasticity can be achieved in a lyocell fiber, which converts the corresponding proportion of residual polymers from a starting material back into a lyocell process via the depletion process, according to one embodiment of the invention Lyocell molded body returns.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the good integration behavior of certain synthetic plastics

are described by a compatibility between cellulose and other synthetic plastics such as elastane, polyamide or polyester. Of the

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) content in elastane, because of its typical ether structure, is responsible for its good compatibility with the glycan ether bonds of the

Cellulose be responsible. So there is good homogenization / mixing between the substances. According to one exemplary embodiment, a corresponding integration process can additionally depend heavily on the temperature of the respective method.

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart 50 of a method for producing a regenerated cellulosic molded body 102 (see FIG. 2) from a mixed textile 110 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

In the following, using blocks 52, 54, 56 and 58, a

The depletion process for the mixed textile 110 is described. The depleted or processed mixed textile 60 can then be fed 78 to a Lyocell process. Furthermore, the Lyocell process is then described by means of blocks 62, 64, 66, 70, 72 and 74 in order to convert the depleted or processed mixed textile 60 as the starting material 110 into a regenerated cellulosic

Manufacture molded body 102. According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the depleted mixed textile 60 has essentially only cellulose.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the depleted mixed textile 60 comprises cellulose and synthetic plastic.

The mixed textile 110 has cellulosic fibers and fibers made of at least one synthetic plastic and is in the form of old clothes and / or leftovers from a clothes production.

As shown at block 48, a mixed fabric 110, in the case of old clothes, can be used by a consumer, for example as an item of clothing.

If the consumer discards the item of clothing, it can be processed as a post-consumer and then used as a starting material for a subsequent lyocell or viscose process, the former being described in more detail below.

As an alternative or in addition, it is also possible to use a pre-consumer mixed textile 110, for example scraps from clothing manufacture.

First, according to block 52, the mixed textile 110 is fed to the depletion process. A depletion 54 of the mixed textile now takes place, with at least one synthetic plastic being at least partially depleted. This can involve hydrolyzing or derivatizing. A solvent that does not decompose the cellulose is particularly preferably used. In this way, for example, a polyester such as PET can be depleted of the cellulose. Cleaning 56 can take place between the depletion 54 and the subsequent further processing 58 of the mixed textile 110. This allows the

Cellulose can be cleaned of excess plastic or other foreign matter. The further processing 58 includes, in particular, feeding the depleted mixed textile 60 as starting material 110 to a Lyocell process.

It is also described how, based on the depleted mixed textile 60, a molded body 102 made of cellulose according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG

Invention can be made. For this purpose, the depleted mixed textile 60 is fed to an apparatus 100 (see FIG. 2) for performing a lyocell process, see reference numeral 78. In the following, the depleted mixed textile 60 is referred to as the starting material 110 (see FIG. 2) for the lyocell process.

There the starting material 110 can first be mechanically comminuted 62 by shredding. In this way, large, non-cellulosic contaminants in particular can be removed from the starting material 110, for example buttons, seams and prints on old clothes that were at least partially used to produce the starting material 110. The mechanical comminution 62 can, for example, cut the starting material 110 into individual fibers. It should be noted here that the described mechanical comminution 62 according to a further exemplary embodiment also occurs during the

Depletion process can be carried out, in particular before the depletion 54.

It is also possible (see block 64) to use the cellulose-containing starting material 110 together with other cellulose-containing materials for the subsequent Lyocell process. Thus, the starting material 110 can be mixed with a further starting material which has cellulose and at least one synthetic plastic, see block 64. This supplied further starting material has a synthetic content

Plastics on which is different from the proportion of synthetic plastic in the starting material 110. The creation of the regenerated

cellulosic molded body can now be made based on the starting material 110 and the further starting material, so that the regenerated cellulosic molded body 102 contains a predetermined proportion of synthetic plastic. As an alternative or in addition, the further starting material can also contain, for example, residues from clothing manufacture. The further starting material is preferably also a mixed textile. According to a further exemplary embodiment, the further mixed textile can also be used during the depletion process, in particular in the

Substantially at the same time as the feeding 52 of the mixed textile 110, are fed.

Immediately after the mechanical comminution 62 or immediately after the mixing 64, a direct release 68 of the (pure or mixed)

Starting material 110 in a further solvent 116 (for example tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)) advantageously take place without chemical pretreatment. More precisely, the mechanically comminuted (and optionally mixed) starting material 110 can be converted directly into solution, in particular without chemical cleaning and without adjusting the viscosity. In this way, the manufacturing or

Recycling processes can be carried out extremely easily and quickly and in an environmentally friendly manner. It has surprisingly been found that after mechanical comminution 62 in the starting material 110, certain synthetic plastics (eg elastane, polyamide) as remaining foreign matter do not interfere with the Lyocell process and do not negatively affect the quality of the recovered Lyocell cellulose. On the contrary, certain amounts of

certain synthetic plastics can be manufactured in the

Cellulose fibers remain without deteriorating their properties, but rather to improve them. Even certain amounts of remaining polyester do not interfere with the product obtained, but can even strengthen the mechanical integrity of the molded body 102 to be produced.

Alternatively, the method can include an optional chemical cleaning 66 of the starting material 110 after the mechanical comminution 62 (or after the mixing 64) and before the dissolving 68. Such an optional cleaning 66 can, for example, comprise at least partial removal of colorants by bleaching. This makes it possible to use the starting material 110 before

subsequent dissolving 68 of the starting material 110 in solvent 116 to wholly or partially decolorize, for example to produce white or gray moldings 102. As an alternative or in addition, it is also possible, within the scope of the optional chemical cleaning 66, for the starting material 110 (before or after its detachment 68) to be at least partially removed from fibers of the starting material 110

networking networkers is exempted. In applications where such

If crosslinkers are present between the fibers of the starting material 110, the starting material 110 can be completely or partially freed from these crosslinkers, for example by means of an alkaline or an acidic pretreatment. This additionally improves the solubility of the starting material 110. Using the

Cleaner 66 may optionally have at least a portion of synthetic plastic removed if so desired. For example, the proportion of synthetic plastic in the molded body 102 to be produced can be adjusted or influenced in this way. According to a further exemplary embodiment, the cleaning 56 can be performed in the same way during the depletion process. Furthermore, cleaning 66 may become unnecessary if cleaning 56 has already taken place during the depletion process.

After dissolving 68 the starting material 110 in solvent (preferably NMMO), the Lyocell spinning solution 104 obtained can be pressed through one or more spinning nozzles, whereby threads or filaments of honey-viscous viscosity arise (see block 70, which relates to this spinning).

During and / or after these threads or filaments fall, they are brought into operative connection with an aqueous medium and thereby diluted. The concentration of the solvent 116 of the threads or filaments is thereby reduced in an aqueous mist or an aqueous liquid bath to such an extent that the Lyocell spinning solution is converted into a solid phase of cellulose filaments. In other words, the cellulose filaments precipitate, fall or coagulate, see reference numeral 72. A preform of the shaped body 102 is obtained as a result.

The production 80 of the regenerated cellulosic molded body 102,

In particular, the loosening 68, the spinning 70 and the subsequent precipitation 72, by means of a Lyocell process, is therefore carried out based on a depleted mixed textile 60 as the starting material 110, which in turn comprises cellulose and optionally synthetic plastic.

Furthermore, the method can include post-processing 74 of the precipitated Lyocell cellulose in order to obtain the shaped body 102 from the preform of the shaped body 102. Such post-processing can include, for example, drying, impregnating and / or reshaping the filaments obtained to form the final shaped body 102. For example, the molded body 102 can be processed into fibers, a film, a fabric, a fleece, a ball, a porous sponge or beads by the production method described and then fed to a further use (see reference symbol 76).

Advantageously, after the molded body 102 has been used, its cellulose (and optionally its synthetic plastic) can be recovered anew by performing a further method corresponding to the method steps between reference numbers 48 and 74 or between 78 and 74 (see block 80). Alternatively, the cellulose and, optionally, further synthetic plastic of the molded body 102 can be recovered in another process (see further block 80), for example a viscose process. This multiple repeatability of recycling by means of repeated

Process stages are made possible by the knowledge that cellulose from a mixed textile can be used particularly efficiently in a recycling process by at least partial, selective depletion of plastic components.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 100 for producing a regenerated one

cellulosic molded body 102 by means of a Lyocell process based on a starting material 110, which is a depleted or processed mixed textile 60, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, which was described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 therefore shows an apparatus 100 according to an example

Embodiment of the invention for producing a molded body 102 comprising cellulose, which can be produced, for example, in the form of a nonwoven, as fiber, film, ball, textile fabric, sponge or in the form of beads or flakes. According to FIG. 2, the molded body 102 is produced directly from a spinning solution 104. The latter is converted into cellulose fibers 108 by means of a coagulation fluid 106 (in particular from air humidity) and / or a coagulation bath 191 (for example a water bath that optionally has tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO))

Molded body 102 converted. A Lyocell process can be carried out by means of the apparatus 100. In this way, for example, essentially endless filaments or fibers 108 or mixtures of essentially endless filaments and fibers 108 of discrete length can be produced as molded body 102. A plurality of nozzles, each having one or more openings 126 (which may also be referred to as spinning holes), are provided for ejecting Lyocell dope 104.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, a cellulose-based starting material 110 can be fed to a storage tank 114 via a metering device 113.

According to one exemplary embodiment, water can be introduced into the cellulose-based starting material 110 by a solvent 116 (in particular NMMO) described in more detail below. It can also be cellulose based

Starting material 110 itself already contain a certain residual moisture (dry cellulose, for example, often has a residual moisture of 5 percent by weight to 8 percent by weight). In particular, according to the described

Exemplary embodiment, the starting material 110 can be added directly to a mixture of water and solvent 116 without pre-moistening. An optional water container 112 shown in FIG. 2 can then be omitted.

According to an alternative embodiment, the cellulose-containing starting material 110 can additionally be moistened in order to thereby provide moist cellulose. For this purpose, water from an optional

Water tank 112 can be fed to storage tank 114 via metering device 113. Therefore, the metering device 113, controlled by means of a control device 140, can supply adjustable relative amounts of water and starting material 110 to the storage tank 114.

A suitable solvent 116, preferably tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), or an aqueous mixture of the solvent 116, for example a 76% strength solution of NMMO in water, is contained in a solvent container. The concentration of the

Solvent 116 can be adjusted in a concentrating device 118 either by adding pure solvent or water. The

Solvent 116 can then be mixed with the starting material 110 in definable relative amounts in a mixing unit 119. Also the

Mixing unit 119 can be controlled by means of control unit 140. As a result, the starting material 110 comprising cellulose is concentrated in the

Solvent 116 in a dissolving device 120 with adjustable relative

Quantities dissolved, whereby the Lyocell spinning solution 104 is obtained .. The relative concentration ranges (also referred to as spinning window) of the components starting material 110, water and solvent 116 in the spinning solution 104 for the production of cellulosic regenerated molded bodies by the Lyocell process can, as a person skilled in the art known to be set appropriately.

The lyocell dope 104 is fed to a fiber generation device 124 (which may be formed with a number of spin bars or jets 122).

As the lyocell dope 104 is passed through the openings 126 of the jets 122, it is divided into a plurality of parallel strands of lyocell dope 104. The process control described transforms the Lyocell spinning solution 104 into increasingly long and thin threads, the properties of which can be adjusted by appropriate setting of the process conditions, controlled by the control unit 140. Optionally, a flow of gas can move the lyocell dope 104 on its way from the openings 126 to one

Accelerate fiber take-up unit 132.

After the Lyocell spin solution 104 has moved through the jets 122 and down, the long and thin threads of the Lyocell spin solution 104 interact with the coagulation fluid 106.

When interacting with the coagulation fluid 106 (for example water), the solvent concentration of the Lyocell spinning solution 104 is reduced, so that the cellulose of the starting material 110 is at least partially as long and thin cellulose fibers 108 (which can still contain residues of solvent and water) coagulates or fails.

During or after the initial formation of the individual cellulose fibers 108 from the extruded Lyocell spinning solution 104, the cellulose fibers 108 are taken up on the fiber take-up unit 132. The cellulose fibers 108 can dip into the coagulation bath 191 shown in FIG. 2 (for example a water bath, optionally containing a solvent such as NMMO) and can complete their precipitation when interacting with the liquid in the coagulation bath 191. Depending on the setting of the coagulation process, the

Cellulose form cellulose fibers 108 (as shown, wherein the cellulose fibers 108 can be one material or integrally fused with one another ("merging") or can be present as separate cellulose fibers 108) or a sheet or film of cellulose can form on the fiber receiving unit 132 ( not shown in Figure 2).

The cellulose fibers 108 are thus extruded from the spinnerets of the jets 122 and guided through the spinning bath or coagulation bath 191 (containing, for example, water and NMMO in a low concentration for precipitation / coagulation), while the cellulose fibers 108 are guided around a respective deflection roller 193 im Coagulation bath 191 and fed outside of the coagulation bath 191 to a godet 195. The take-off godet 195 ensures that the cellulose fibers 108 are transported further and further drawn in order to achieve a desired titer. After the godet 195, the fiber bundle is from the

Cellulose fibers 108 washed in a washing unit 180, optionally finished and finally cut (not shown).

Although this is not shown in FIG. 2, solvent 116 of the lyocell spinning solution 104, which has been removed from the cellulose fibers 108 during coagulation and during a subsequent washing in the washing unit 180, can be at least partially recovered or recycled and in a subsequent cycle be transferred back to the storage tank 114.

During the transport along the fiber receiving unit 132, the

Shaped bodies 102 (here in the form of cellulose fibers 108) are washed by means of the washing unit 180, in that the latter supplies a washing liquid to remove solvent residues. The shaped body 102 can then be dried.

The molded body 102 can also be subjected to an aftertreatment, see the aftertreatment unit 134 shown schematically. For example, such an aftertreatment can be a hydroentangling,

Needle treatment, impregnation, steam treatment with a steam supplied under pressure and / or calendering, etc. have.

The fiber receiving unit 132 can be the molded body 102 of a

Supply winding device 136, on which the molded body 102 can be wound. The shaped body 102 can then be supplied as rolled goods to an entity that manufactures products such as wipes or textiles based on the shaped body 102.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber 200 produced by means of a Lyocell process in cross section. The one made using a Lyocell process

Cellulose fiber 200 has a smooth, round outer surface 202 and is filled with cellulose material homogeneously and free of macroscopic holes. It can therefore be clearly distinguished by a person skilled in the art from cellulose fibers produced by means of a viscose process (see reference number 204 in FIG. 4) and from cellulose fibers from cotton plants (see reference number 206 in FIG. 5).

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber 204 produced by means of a viscose process in cross section. The cellulose fiber 204 is cloud-shaped and has a plurality of arcuate structures 208 along its outer circumference.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber 206 from a cotton plant in cross section. The cellulose fiber 206 is kidney-shaped and has a material-free lumen 210 inside as a completely enclosed cavity.

Based on the significant geometric or structural differences of the fibers according to Figure 3 to Figure 5, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to unambiguously determine, for example under a microscope, whether a cellulose fiber has been formed using the Lyocell process, the viscose process or, of course, in a cotton plant is.

In addition, it should be pointed out that “having” does not exclude any other elements or steps and “a” or “a” does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments also in combination with other features or steps of others described above

Embodiments can be used. Reference symbols in the

Claims are not to be regarded as limiting.

Patent claims

1. A method for recycling a mixed textile (110), the method comprising:

Feeding (52) the mixed textile (110), wherein the mixed textile (110) comprises cellulosic fibers and synthetic fibers, the synthetic fibers comprising at least one synthetic plastic;

Depletion (54) of the synthetic plastic from the cellulose in such a way that a proportion of the synthetic plastic to be determined in the

Mixed textile (110) remains; and

Further processing (58) of the depleted mixed textile (60) after the depletion.

2. The method according to claim 1,

wherein the synthetic plastic is at least one from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyether and elastane.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the mixed textile (110) has cellulose in the form of cotton or consists of it.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the mixed textile (110) wholly or partially remnants of a

Has clothing manufacture and / or used clothing.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

Cleaning (56) the cellulose, the cleaning (56) taking place between the depletion (54) and the further processing (58).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the depletion (54) further comprises:

selective depletion (54) of at least one synthetic plastic from the mixed textile (110),

especially one from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane and elastane.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depletion (54) further comprises:

complete removal (54) of at least one synthetic plastic from the mixed textile (110), in particular polyester and / or elastane.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depletion (54) further comprises:

partially retaining a synthetic plastic in the mixed textile

(HO),

especially one from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, polyurethane and elastane.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

the mixed textile (110) having a first synthetic plastic, in particular polyamide and / or polyurethane;

wherein the mixed textile (110) has a second synthetic plastic, in particular polyester, further in particular polyethylene terephthalate, PET, and / or polypropylene; and

wherein the depletion (54) further comprises:

Depleting (54) the first synthetic plastic to a first concentration level;

Depletion (54) of the second synthetic plastic to a second concentration value,

wherein the first concentration value is different from the second concentration value, in particular greater.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depletion (54) further comprises:

mechanical separation, especially due to the difference in density; and or

chemical separation comprising at least one of the group consisting of hydrolyzing, derivatizing, and using a

Solvent,

especially a solvent that does not decompose cellulose.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

Feeding (64) of at least one further mixed textile, which

Cellulose and at least one synthetic plastic,

the proportion of synthetic plastic in the mixed textile (110) and in the further mixed textile is different, such

that a plastic composition obtained has at least one predetermined property.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the further processing (58) comprises a Lyocell process or a viscose process for producing a regenerated cellulosic molded body (102).

13. Regenerated cellulosic molded body (102), which according to the

The method according to claim 12 is produced,

wherein the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) is selected from the group comprising a filament, a fiber, a film, a microsphere or a bead;

wherein the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) comprises cellulose, in particular cellulose and synthetic plastic, of the depleted mixed textile (60); and

wherein the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) has at least one of the following features:

the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) has less than 0.5% polyethylene terephthalate, PET, and / or more than 1% polyurethane, PUR, and / or polyamide, PA;

at least 2% of the mixed textile content in the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) is synthetic plastic;

the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) has a reduced tendency to fibrillation compared to a conventional lyocell fiber.