FORM - 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section tO anD RuLe 13)
METHOD OF CONTROLLING STRUCTURE AND RHEOLOGY OF LOW ACTIVE LIQUID CLEANSERS BY SELECTING PERFUME COMPONENTS
HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED, a Company incorporated under
the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office
at 165/166, Backbay RecJamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed

METHOD OF CONTROLLING STRUCTURE AND RHEOLOGY OF LOW ACTIVE LIQUID CLEANSERS BY SELECTING PERFUME
COMPONENTS
5
The present invention relates to low active liquid cleansers (e.g. compositions having 15% by wt. or less, preferably 12% by wt. or less, more preferably 1-10% by wt. surfactant), and to the use of perfume or fragrance in these compositions. Specifically, the invention relates to how, when specific perfume components 10 and/or perfume oils comprising a mixture of the components (e.g., defined by molecular volume and polarity of individual components and/or percent of components in a mixture defined by classes selected in accordance with molecular volume and polarity; and which in turn defines the effect of the components or mixture on rheology/viscosity) are used in low active cleansers
15 compositions (i.e., cleansers having 15% by wt. or less, preferably 12% by wt. or less, preferably 7% by wt, or less, more preferably 6% by wt. or less surfactant), the component and/or mixture of components can be used to help control the structure (e.g., zero shear viscosity) and rheology of the low active liquid compositions.
20
The present invention relates to low active liquid cleanser in which specific perfume components (specified by molecular volume and polarity of individual components and/or mixtures with the individual components of the classes defined by classes selected in accordance with molecular volume and polarity,
25 and mixtures defined by % of each class within the mixture) are used to control the structure and/or rheology of the typically low viscosity liquids.
Typically, structure is regulated/defined by factors which include, for example, surfactant concentration and structuring or thickening polymers (both of which 30 help increase standing viscosity.) However, In compositions with low surfactant

concentration (e.g., 12% or less by wt. of formulation) and in which use of polymer may be constrained (for cost reasons, for example), it would be tremendously advantageous to find other ways to regulate viscosity. Unexpectedly and unpredictably, the applicants have found that the selection of perfume 5 components and/or mixtures of these components can achieve precisefy this goal.
It is known that, based on the type of fragrance compound used, the compound will locate itself in different parts of a surfactant monomer or micelle. Several journal articles, for example, relate to the location of fragrance compounds in 10 relation to structures (e.g., micelles, phases formed from micelles such as lamellar or hexagonal phases) found in solutions. These articles include the following:
Kayali Ibrahim, Khawla Qamhieh, Bjorn Lindman (Physical Chemistry, Lund
University, Sweden) "Effect of Type of Fragrance Compounds on Their
15 Location in Hexagonal Liquid Crystal", Journal of Dispersion Science and
Technology, Vol. 27,1151,2006.
Monzer Fanun, Wail Salah Al-Diyn, "Structural Transitions in the System
Water/Mixed Nonionic Surfactants/R (+) Limonene Studied by Electrical
20 Conductivity and Self-Diffusion-NMR", Journal of Dispersion Science and
Technology, 28: 165-174, 2007.
Samuel A. Vona, Stig E. Friberg, Andre-Jean Brin, "Location of Fragrance
Molecules within Lamellar Liquid Crystals", Colloids and Surfaces A:
25 Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 137, 79, 1998
These references relate to where perfumes will locate, and none of these references disclose or suggest that the fragrances and/or components of the

fragrances can be specifically selected for use in specifically low active liquid compositions to, for example, enhance viscosity of the compositions. There are also a number of references relating to use of hydrotropes (compounds which increase the solubility in water of otherwise insoluble compounds) on 5 rheological behavior of surfactant solutions (see, for example, Varade et al. "Effect of Hydrotropes on the Aqueous Solution Behavior of Surfactants" Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, vol. 7, No. 3, 257, 2004).
Again, this has nothing to do with use of perfumes to modify stnjcture (e.g., 10 enhance viscosity), particularly in low active surfactant systems.
Unexpectedly, the applicants have now found that perfume components themselves (and/or perfume compounds comprising mixtures of the components) can be used to help structure compositions, specifically low active liquid cleanser 15 compositions. more specifically, when components are selected in defined manner (e.g., by molecular volume, polarity), they can be used to control the stndcture (e.g., viscosity) and/or rheology of the low active compositions.
The invention relates to low active (i.e., 15% by wt. or less, preferably 12% by wt.
20 or less, more preferably 1 to 10% by wt.) liquid cleanser compositions comprising either individual perfume components where the component has molecular volume V (where V = length times width times depth of molecule) >400 A3 and polarity (calculated using molecular modeling software) > 1 MPa1/2. Alternatively, the composition has a mixture of components wherein >50%, preferably >60% of
25 components which comprise the perfume mixture have a molecular volume V
>400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 In particular, the invention relates to a method of enhancing viscosity of low surfactant compositions (e.g. containing no perfume) having a viscosity <1 to a viscosity >25 Pa.s (at zero shear), preferably >40, more preferably >50, more preferably >60 to 500 Pa.s, which method comprises mixing

component or mixture of components as defined above into said low surfactant compositions.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the invention relates to a method of 5 enhancing viscosity of low active liquid cleansers containing no perfume and having viscosity <1 Pa.s to a viscosity of >1 to 40 Pa.s, which method comprises mixing a component having a molecular V <400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 (or mixture of components as defined, wherein >50% preferably >60% of components meet this definition) Into low surfactant compositions.
10
These and other aspects, features and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description and the appended claims. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of the present invention may be utilized in any other aspect of the invention. It is
15 noted that the examples given in the description below are intended to clarify the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to those examples per se. Other than in the experimental examples, or where othenwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in ail instances by the term "about". Similarly, all
20 percentages are weight/weight percentages of the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
Numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y" are understood to Include X and y. When for a specific feature multiple preferred ranges are described in the
25 format "from x to y", it is understood that aJI ranges combining the different endpolnts are also contemplated. Where the term "comprising" is used In the specification or claims, it is not intended to exclude any terms, steps or features not specifically recited. All temperatures are in degrees Celsius (0C) unless specified otherwise. All measurements are in SI units unless specified otherwise.
30 All documents cited are - in relevant part - Incorporated herein by reference.

The invention will be further described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying Figures, in which:
5 - Figure 1 shows how steady shear viscosity is effected by the particular
perfume component chosen. In particular, it is seen how liliai and iinalool (having molecular volume >400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2) significantly enhance viscosity (before addition viscosity was <1 Pa.s).
10 The invention is directed to low active liquid compositions comprising specifically selected perfume components and/or mixtures of these components. Specifically, it is directed to a method of enhancing rheology of low active cleansers (relative to their zero shear or "standing" viscosity in the absence of perfume) by selecting specific perfume components and/or mixtures of components (based on molecular
15 volume and polarity considerations). Depending on class of perfume(s) chosen, viscosity enhancement can vary from <1 to >25 up to 500 Pa.s, ("large" enhancement); to from <1 to >1 to 40 Pa.s (intermediate enhancement).
The invention is described in more detail as set forth below; 20
Low Active Liquids
The compositions of the invention are cleansing compositions having 0.1-15%, preferably 0.5-12%, preferably 1-10%, more preferably 8% by wt. or less and even 25 more preferably 6% by wt. or less of surfactant(s) selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
The anionic detergent active which may be used may be aliphatic sulfonated, 30 such as a primary alkanet (e.g., C8-C22) sulfonated, primary alkanet (e.g., C8-C22)

dislocate, C8-C22 alkenes sulfonated, C8-C22 hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS); or aromatic sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonate.
5 The anionic may also be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C12-C22 alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula:
RO(CH2CH2O)nS03M
10
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 3; and M is a soiubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryi ether sulfates are preferred.
15
The anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates, alkyl and acy! sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C8-C22 alkyl phosphates and phosphates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C22 monoalkyl succinates
20 and maieates, sulphoacetates, alkyl glucosides and acyl isethionates, and the like.
Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyi sulfosuccinates having the formula:
R^02CCH2CH(S03lVI)C02M; 25
and amide-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula;
R'4CONHCH2CH202CCH2CH(S03M)C02M
30 wherein R4 ranges from C8-C22 alkyl and M is a soiubilizing cation.

Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula:
R1CON(CH3)CH2C02M, 5
wherein R1 ranges from C8-C20 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
Taurates are generally identified by formula:
10 R2CONR3CH2CH2S03M
wherein R2 ranges from C8-C20 alkyl, R3 ranges from C1-C4 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
15 The inventive cleansing composition may contain C8-C18 acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
20
One or more amphoteric surfactants may be used in this invention. Amphoteric surfactants are preferably used at levels as low as about 0.5 or 0.8 %wt, and at levels as high as about 4 or 5 % by wt. Such surfactants include at least one acid group. This may be a carboxylic or a suiphonic acid group. They include
25 quaternary nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids. They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with an overali structural formula:


where R1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each 10 independently alkyf, hydroxyalkyf or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n is 2 to 4; m is 0 to 1; X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and Y is -CO2- or -SO3-
Suitable amphoteric surfactants within the above general formula include simple 15 betaines of formula:

In both formulae R1 R2 and R3 are as defined previously. R1 may In particular be a mixture of C12 and C14 alky! groups derived from coconut oil so that at least half, 35 preferably at least three quarters of the groups R1 have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. R2 and R3 are preferably methyl.

A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine.
Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be covered in possible 5 zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which may be used such as e.g., sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, and blends thereof, and the like.
One or more nonionic surfactants may also be used in the cleansing composition 10 of the present invention. Nonionic surfactants are preferably used at levels as low as about 0.5 or 0.8 and at levels as high as about 1.5 or 2% by wt.
The nonionics which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for
15 example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6-C22) phenols ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of
20 ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyi sulphoxide, and the like.
The nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a [Polysaccharide amide. 25 Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Patent No. 5,389,279 to Au et al. titled "Compositions Comprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants issued February 14,1995; which is hereby incorporated by reference, or it may be one of the sugar amides described in Patent No. 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, titled "Use of N-Poly HydroxyalkyI Fatty Acid Amides as Thickening

Agents for Liquid Aqueous Surfactant Systems" issued April 23, 1991; hereby incorporated into the subject application by reference.
One or more cationic surfactants may also be used in the cleansing composition. 5 Cationic surfactants may be used at levels as low as about 0,1, 0.3. 0.5 or 1 %wt, and at levels as high as 2, 3, 4 or 5 % by wt.
Examples of cationic detergents are the quaternary ammonium compounds such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides.
10
Other suitable surfactants which may be used are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,723,325 to Parran Jr. titled "Detergent Compositions Containing Particle Deposition Enhancing Agents" issued March, 27, 1973; and "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I & II) by Schwartz, Perry & Berch, both of which are
15 also incorporated into the subject application by reference.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant system may comprise a blend of alkali metal or ammoniumalkyl (e.g., lauryl) sulfate (e.g., at about 3-10% by wt.) and alkylamidopropylbetaine (e.g., at about 1-5% by wt.), the total blend 20 comprising, 15% by wt. or less, preferably 12% by wt. or less of the composition.
Compositions of the invention typically possess isotropic micellar phase microstructure. In general, the rheological behavior of all surfactant solutions, including liquid cleansing solutions, is strongly dependent on the microstructure, 25 i.e., the shape and concentration of micelles or other self-assembled structures in solution.
When there is sufficient surfactant to form micelles (concentrations above the critical micelle concentration or CMC), for example, spherical, cylindrical (rod-like 30 or discoidal), spherocylindrical, or ellipsoidal micelles may form. As surfactant

concentration increases, ordered liquid crystalline phases such as lamellar phase, hexagonal phase, cubic phase or L3 sponge phase may form. The non-isotropic hexagonal phase, consists of long cylindrical micelles arranged in a hexagonal lattice. In general, the microstnjcture of most personal care products consists of 5 either an isotropic dispersion including spherical micelles; and rod micelles; or an ordered liquid crystalline phase such as a lamellar dispersion.
As noted above, micelles may be spherical or rod-like. Formulations having spherical micelles tend to have a low viscosity and exhibit Newtonian shear 10 behavior (i.e., viscosity stays constant as a function of shear rate); thus, if easy pouring of product is desired, the solution is less viscous. In these systems, the viscosity increases linearly with surfactant concentration,
Rod micellar solutions tend to be more viscous because movement of the longer 15 micelles is restricted. At a critical shear rate, the micelles align and the solution becomes shear thinning. Addition of salts increases the size of the rod micelles thereof increasing zero shear viscosity {i.e., viscosity when sitting in bottle) which helps suspend particles but also increases critical shear rate (e.g. the point at which product becomes shear thinning; higher critical shear rates means that the 20 product is more difficult to pour).
Lamellar dispersions differ from both spherical and rod-like micelles because they can have high zero shear viscosity (because of the close packed arrangement of constituent lamellar droplets), yet these solutions are very shear thinning (e.g. 25 readily dispense on pouring). That is, the solutions can become thinner than rod micellar solutions at moderate shear rates.
In formulating liquid cleansing compositions, therefore, there is the choice of using isotropic micellar phases such as rod-micellar solutions; or lamellar dispersions. 30 When rod-micellar solutions are used, they also often require the use of external

structurants to enhance viscosity and to suspend particles. For this, carbomers and clays are often used. At higher shear rates (as in product dispensing, application of product to body, or rubbing with hands), since the rod-micellar solutions are less shear thinning, the viscosity of the solution stays high and the 5 product can be stringy and thick.
One way of characterizing the micellar dispersions (of the invention) includes cone and plate viscosity measurement as described below. The inventive isotropic composition has a viscosity in the range of about 1 to about 300 Pascal-sec (pas)
10 @ 0.01 sec'' shear rate at 25'0C, as measured by a cone and plate technique described below. Preferably the viscosity is in the range of about 50 to 200 Pa.s. In the subject invention, since there is low amount of active used, as indicated, it is difficult to enhance viscosity without use of external structurants. Surprisingly, however, the applicants have discovered that perfume components/fragrances
15 can be used to structure low active liquids. The key is to understand how the structure (defined by volume of molecule, and by polarity) of the fragrance components works so that, if fragrance component or mixture of components is properly selected, the structure and rheology (e.g., zero shear viscosity) can be controlled. In the subject invention, component or components are selected to
20 enhance viscosity (zero shear viscosity) from below 1 Pa.s (when no perfume is present) to >1 or >25 and even up to 500 Pa.s depending on selection criteria.
Perfumes/Perfume Components
25 The compositions of the invention comprise about 0.1 to 3% by wt., preferably 0.2 to 2% by wt. perfume oil. Although a single perfume composition can be used, the mixtures typically comprise two or more components. In fact, a typical oil is a mixture of about 30 to 100 compounds with different physiochemical properties.

In general, the fragrance compounds in a perfume mixture can be classified into the following groups:
(1) perfume with polar headgroup and relatively straight hydrophobic
5 chain (polar and "slender");
(2) perfume with a polar headgroup and a bulky hydrophobic chain (polar and bulky); and
(3) perfume that is totally hydrophobic such as some of the hydrocarbon compounds (non-polar).
10
The perfume oils may further comprise water soluble co-solvents such as dipropylene glycol.
According to the subject invention, perfume compounds within different groups 15 were found to affect the rheology of liquid compositions, particularly low surfactant compositions, significantly differently.
Surprisingly, the applicants have discovered that polarity, derived from Hansen Solubility Parameter calculation, as well as the volume of molecule, together 20 comelate well with the effect of individual components on the formulation's structural/rheological behavior. These quantities can therefore be used as selection criteria for perfume components.
Polarity is defined by Hansen Solubility Parameter and is calculated by the 25 fragment constant addition. The fragment values were determined from Hansen's work. Molecular volume (V) is calculated by: V = L * W * D. where L, W and D are the length, width and depth of the molecule, respectively (*equals multiplication). Polarity, L, W, and D are calculated by a commercially available molecular modeling software such as the following: Molecular Modeling Pro ™

Revision 3.33, published by ChemSW® Inc. See Charles M. Hansen, Chaper I, "Hansen Solubility Parameters" by CRC Press in 1999.
More specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, the invention comprises 5 compositions with 15% or less active and wherein perfume components are selected such that molecular volume (V) >400 A3 and average polarity >1 MPa1/2. When such individual component or mixture of components is used, this has been found to enhance viscosity of a low active formulation which has viscosity of <1 Pa.s (prior to perfume addition) to viscosity of >25 Pa.s (at zero shear), preferably 10 >40, up to 500 Pa.s.
While typically >50% of components in a perfume mixture are required to see this effect, specific components may be used individually to provide the same effect. Examples of individual components which meet defined criteria are set forth in 15 Example 1 (e.g., polysantol, alpha hexylcinnamaldehyde etc.).
In a second embodiment of the invention, the invention comprises compositions having 15% or less active, and wherein perfume components are selected such that the individual perfume components, or >50% of components within a mixture
20 of components, has/have a molecular volume (V) <400 A3 (angstroms cubed) and average polarity >1 MPa1/2. Use of such component or mixture of components has been found to enhance composition of viscosity of <1 Pa.s (prior to perfume addition) to a viscosity of >1 to 40 Pa.s (at zero shear). Examples of compounds meeting the defined criteria of the second embodiment are found in Example 2.
25
Water typically comprises about 70 to 99% by wt. of the composition.
Typically, pH is about 3 to 11, preferably 4 to 10.
30

other Compositional Components
As indicated, the invention is related to use of individual perfume components or mixtures of these components to enhance viscosity of low active compositions. 5 The compositions may comprise other optional ingredients as set forth below.
. While the compositions, as noted, are preferably thickened by use of individual perfume components or mixtures of such, preferably there is present 0-3% thickening agents, more preferably less than 2%, more preferably less than 1 %, 10 more preferably less than 0.5% and more preferably absent altogether.
Suitable thickening agents which may be used include polacrylates; fumed silica natural and synthetic waxes, alkyl silicone waxes such as behenyl silicone wax; aluminum silicate; lanolin derivatives such as lanesterol; 08 to C20 fatty alcohols; 15 polyethylene copolymers; polyammonium stearate; sucrose esters; hydrophobic clays; petrolatum; hydrotalcites; and mixtures thereof, and the like.
Additional structuring/thickening materials which may be used include swelling clays, for example laponite; fatty acids and derivatives hereof and, in particular
20 fatty acid monoglyceride polyglycol ethers; cross-linked polyacrylates such as Carbopol® (polymers available from Goodrich); acrylates and copolymers thereof, e.g. Aqua SF-1 available from Noveon (Cleveland, Ohio), polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof; polyethylene imines; salts such as sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate; sucrose esters; gellants; natural gums
25 including alginates, guar, xanthan and polysaccharide derivatives including carboxy methyl cellulose and hydroxypropy! guar; propylene glycols and propylene glycol oleates; glycerol tallowates; and mixtures thereof, mixtures thereof, and the like,

Of the clays particuJarly preferred are synthetic hectorite (laponite) clay used in conjunction with an electrolyte salt capable of causing the day to thicken. Suitable electrolytes include alkali and alkaline earth salts such as halides, amnnoniunn salts and sulphates, blends thereof and the like. 5
Further examples of structurents and thickeners are given in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1993, published by CTFA (The Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association), incorporated herein by reference.
10 Thickeners and/or structurants may comprise from 0.01 up to as high as 65 % by wt. of composition. Typically, the range is 1-30% by wt.
In one embodiment, compositions of the invention may comprise 0.1-1.5% by wt. of a cationic skin conditioning agent, preferably used in combination with 0.1 to 15 1 % by wt. of a solid, particulate optical modifier, typically of from about 50 to about 300, more preferably 50 to 150 microns on average diameter. Examples of suitable cationic polymers include cationic cellulosic and cationic polysaccharide.
20 Cationic cellulose is available from Amerchol Corp, (Edison, NJ, USA) in their Polymer JR (trade mark) and LR (trade mark) series of polymers, as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10. Another type of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl
25 cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, referred to in the Industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200.
A particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that can be used is 30 a cationic guar gum derivative, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride

(Commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc in their JAGUAR trademark series). Examples are JAGUAR 013S, which has a low degree of substitution of the cattonic groups and high viscosity, JAGUAR C15, having a moderate degree of substitution and a low viscosity, JAGUAR C17 (high degree of substitution, high 5 viscosity), JAGUAR 016, which is a hydroxypropylated cationic guar derivative containing a low level of substituents groups as well as cationic quaternary ammonium groups, and JAGUAR 162 which is a high transparency, medium viscosity guar having a low degree of substitution.
10 Particularly preferred cationic polymers are JAGUAR C13S, JAGUAR C15, JAGUAR C17 and JAGUAR C16 and JAGUAR C162, especially Jaguar C13S. Other cationic skin feel agents known in the art may be used provided that they are compatible with the inventive formulation.
15 The optical modifier should be used in effective concentration for exhibiting a
specific set of optical properties on skin characterized by a set of Tristimulus Color Values L, a*, and b*; a reflectivity change, and an opacity change, that provides at least a 5% change in at least one of the specific optical properties when said cleansing composition is applied to skin and then rinsed off using the In-vitro
20 Visual Assessment Protocol.
Advantageously, the visual attribute targeted by the optical modifier is selected from skin shine, skin color or skin optical uniformity, and combinations thereof,
25
Preferably in the case of conferring a skin shine benefit, the change in L value is in the range from about 0 to ±10, the reflectance change in the range from about 0 to +300%, and the change in opacity in the range from about 0 to +20% with the proviso that the change in L value, reflectance change and opacity change are not 30 all zero so as to provide noticeable skin shine when said cleansing composition is

applied to skin and then rinsed off using the In-vitro Visual Assessment Protocol. For slkin shine preferably greater than about 10 % (preferably greater than about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95 %) by wt. of the particulate optical modifier is further defined by an exterior surface refractive index, geometry, and specific 5 dimensions wherein;
i) the exterior surface has a refractive index of about 1.8 to 4.0;
ii) the geometry is platy, cylindrical or a blerid thereof; and
iii) the specific dimensions are about 10 to 200 µm average diameter in
10 the case of a platy particle, or about 10 to 200 µm in average length
and about 0.5 to 5.0 µm in average diameter in the case of a cylindrical
particle.
Preferably in the case of conferring a noticeable skin lightening or color change
15 to the skin the change in L value is in the range from about 0 to ±10, the
change in the a* value is in the range from about 0 to ±10, a change in the b*
value in the range from about 0 to ±10, the change in opacity in the range from
about 0 to ±50 %, and the reflectance change is within the normal skin
reflectivity range of about ±10 %, with the proviso that the change in L value, b*
20 and opacity change are not all zero so as to provide noticeable skin lightening
or color change when said cleansing composition is applied to skin and then
rinsed off using the In-vitro Visual Assessment Protocol. For skin lightening or
color change, preferably greater than about 10 % (preferably greater than
about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95 %) by wt. of the particulate optical
25 modifier is further defined by an exterior surface refractive index, geometry, and
specific dimensions wherein:
i) the exterior surface has a refractive index of about 1.3 to 4.0 ii) the geometry is spheroidal, platy or a blend thereof

iii) the specific dimensions are about 1 to 30 µm average diameter in the case of a platy particle, or about 0.1 to 1 µm in average diameter in tine case of a spheroidal particle; and
5 iv) optionally having fluorescence color, absorption color, interference color
or a combination thereof,
In addition, the inventive cleansing composition of the invention may include 0 to 15% by wt. optional ingredients as follows: sequestering agents, such as
10 tetrasodium ethylene diaminetetra acetate (EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO2, EGMS (ethylene glycol monostearate) or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer) and the like; all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the
15 product.
The compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as 2-hydroxy-4,2', 4' trichlorodiphenylether (DP300); preservatives such as dimethyloldimethylhydantoin {Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid etc., and 20 the like.
The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be used to advantage. 25
Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the like may be used advantageously in amounts of about 0.01 % or higher if appropriate.

Moisturizers that also are humectants such as polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycerine and propylene glycol, and the like; and polyols such as the polyethylene glycols listed below and the like may be used.
5 Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M,
Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M, or
Polyox WSR-N-750 PEG 7M.
Hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic emollients (i.e. humectants) mentioned above 10 may be used. Preferably, hydrophilic emollients are used in excess of
hydrophobic emollients in the inventive cleansing composition. Most preferably one or more hydrophilic emollients are used alone. Hydrophilic emollients are preferably present in a concentration greater than about 0.01 % by weight, more preferably greater than about 0.5% by weight. Preferably the inventive 15 composition contains less than about 10, 5, 3, 2,1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 or 0.01 % by wt. of a hydrophobic emollient.
The term "emollient" is defined as a substance which softens or improves the elasticity, appearance, and youthfulness of the skin (stratum corneum) by either 20 increasing its water content, adding, or replacing lipids and other skin nutrients; or both, and keeps it soft by retarding the decrease of its water content.
in-vitro Visual Assessment Protocol (Porcine/pig skin assay)
25 Take a piece of black porcine skin (L= 40 ± 3) with the dimensions of 5.0 cm X 10cm and mount it on a black background paper card. Initial measurements are made of the untreated skin. The mounted skin is then washed 1 to 2 minutes with "normal" rubbing with the composition to be tested and rinsed for about 1/2 minute with 45°C tap water. After 2 hours of drying at 25°G, the final measurements for
30 color L, a*, b*; reflectivity and opacity are made.

Color Measurements
The initial and final color measurements of porcine or in-vivo human skin are 5 made with a Hunter Lab spectracolormeter using a 0° light source and 45°
detector geometry. The spectracolormeter is calibrated with the appropriate black and white standards. Measurements are made before and after the wash treatment. Three measurements are made each time and averaged. The values obtained are L, a*. b*, which come from the La*b* color space representation. 10
Opacity Determination
The opacity of the skin treated by the cleansing composition can be derived from 15 the Hunter Lab color measurements. The opacity contrast value is calculated from the delta L (which is the change in whiteness after deposition) divided by 60 (which is the difference in L value of the skin and a pure white color).
Reflectance or Radiance Determination
20
The initial and final reflectance/radiance measurement of porcine or in-vivo human skin is made with a glossmeter before and after treatment with the cleansing composition. The glossmeter is first set with both the detector and light source at 85° from normal. Then the glossmeter is calibrated with an appropriate reflection
25 standard. Measurements are made before and after application and rinsing off of the cleansing composition and the percent difference calculated.
Since a noticeable change in the skin when treated with the inventive composition may provide only scattered areas of skin appearance enhancement (such as point 30 sparkle, glitter, etc.) instead of a continuous change over a wider expanse of the

skin better suited to instrumental analysis using the glossmeter etc.; for the purposes of defining the level of skin appearance change required to be shown for the inventive composition, a "yes" result in either the Tile method, the Consumer method, the Hand wash (lab) method, or any combination thereof is to be 5 considered equivalent to at least a 5% change in reflectivity when the inventive cleansing composition is applied to slkin and then rinsed off using the In-vitro Visual Assessment Protocol.
10 Cone and Plate Viscosity Measurement
Scope
This method covers the measurement of the viscosity of the isotropic phase 15 cleansing composition.
Apparatus
Brookfield Cone and Plate DV-II+ Viscometer; 20 Spindle S41;
Procedure
1. Turn on Water Bath attached to the sample cup of the viscometer.
Make sure that it is set for 25°C. Allow temperature readout to stabilize
25 at 25°C before proceeding.
2. With the power to the viscometer off, remove the spindle (S41) by
turning counterclockwise.
30 3. Turn the power on and press any key as requested to autozero the
viscometer.

4. When the autozero function is complete, replace the spindle (turning clockwise) and press any key.
5 5, Attach the sample cup. Using the up/down arrow keys, slowly change
the speed to 10 rpm and press the SET SPEED key. Use the SELECT DISPLAY key so that the display is in % mode.
6. Turn the motor on. if the display jumps to 0.4% or higher or will not
10 settle to 0+0.1 %, turn the adjustment ring clockwise until it does.
7. Rotate the adjustment ring counterclockwise until the reading is
fluctuating between 0.0 and 1.0%. The fluctuation must occur
approximately every 6 seconds.
15
8. Turn the adjustment ring clockwise exactly the width of one division
from the setting reached in step 7.
9. Turn the motor off. Using the up/down arrow keys, slowly change the
20 speed to 0.5 rpm and press the SET SPEED key. Use the SELECT
DISPLAY so that the display is in cP.
10. Place 2 + O.lg of product to be measured into the sample cup. Attach
the cup to the viscometer.
25
11. Allow the product to remain in the cup with the motor OFF for 2 minutes.
12. Turn the motor ON and allow the spindle to turn for 2 minutes before noting the reading on the display.
30

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Effect of perfume compounds on formulation Rheology
5 Perfume compounds that would be expected to have the most significant effect in raising formulation viscosity of low active formulation; molecular volume > 400 A3, polarity >1 MPa1/2 These components would individually (or, if part of a product, as for example >50% of the mixture) be expected to raise viscosity of low surfactant, perfume free composition having viscosity of <1 Pa.s to viscosity of 10 >25 Pa.s to 500 Pa.s, The following are examples:

Example 1
Chemical Name CAS molecule volume Polarity
(MPa'1/2)
Polysantol 0107898-54-4 958.27 3.15
Alpha Hexyldnnamaldehyde 101-86-0 663.92 2.23
phenyl ethyt acetate(2-phenyl ethyl ace 103-45-7 711.03 3.12
phenoxyethyl isobutyrate(2-phenoxyethy 103-60-6 965.99 16.91
Undecanoic y-lactone 104-67-6 1171.51 6.51
Exaltolide 106-02-5 943.26 4.62
Citronellol 106-22-9 491.01 2.9
Melonal 106-72-9 566.84 2.98
Aldehyde MNA 110-41-8 900.80 2.16
Aldehyde MNA 110-41-8 900.80 2.16
Folione (Methyl 2-octynoate) 111-12-6 664.93 3.29
Habanolide 111879-80-2 860.12 4.68
Thujone (Alpha Beta mixture) 1125-12-8 537.72 4.10
linalyl acetate 115-95-7 956.35 2.35
LInaly! Formate 115-99-1 744.51 3.08
Phenyl Salicylate 118-55-8 603.61 14.27
methyi-(methylenedioxypheny!)-propanal 1205-17-0 698.38 4.98
Ambrettoiide 123-69-3 941.44 4.39
Octanal 124-13-0 604.78 3.25
Linalyl Benzoate 126-64-7 1018.97 7.10
Butylated hydroxytoluene 128-37-0 728.84 4.12
Methyl lonone (alpha/ beta mix) 1322-70-9 677.13 3.45
IraIla 1335-46-2 843.32 3.61
Mayol 13828-37-0 558.76 2.85
Aldehyde Supra 143-14-6 681.31 2.44
Linalyl propionate 144-39-8 1001,65 2.45
Exaltenone 14595-54-1 657.51 2.51
Cyclomethylene citronellol 15760-18-6 535.46 2.88
Trrfernal 16251-77-7 407.51 3.31
Dihydrolinalool 18479-51-1 756.00 4.18
Aldehyde MOA 19009-56-4 755.94 2.33
Methyl Jasmonate 20073-13-6 1164.67 3.86
Stem one 22457-23-4 466.18 5.01
cis-6-nonenal 2277-19-2 767.86 2.90
Cis-6-nonenal 2277-19-2 767.86 2.90
Beta Damascenone 23696-85-7 672.83 3.92
Damascone Beta 23726-91-2 775.63 3.86
Damarose alpha 24720-09-0 719,10 3.68
cis-3-hexenyl benzoate 25152-85-6 1034.59 6.62
caproic acid cis -3-hexen-1-yI ester 31501-11-8 1360.49 2.51
hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxal 31906-04-4 694.32 4.35
cis-3-hexenyl acetate 3681-71-8 603.86 3.08



Chemical Name CAS molecule volume Polarity
(MPa1/2)
Cyclopidene 40203-73-4 544.96 10.29
Ambrinol 41199-19-3 656.82 3.63
Plicatone 41724-19-0 577.29 3.85
Rhubofix 41816-03-9 615.90 2.59
Methyl atratate 4707-47-5 641.87 9.16
Delfone 4819-67-4 636.39 3.79
Aldehyde mandarine 10% CITR 4826-62-4 761.95 2.26
Dihidromyrcenol 53219-21-9 672.11 4.23
Muscone 541-91-3 963.47 2.29
Civettone 542-46-1 936.29 2.21
Phenylhexanol 55066-48-3 633.25 2.89
Dynascone 56973-85-4 738.33 4.09
Oxane 59323-76-1 607.73 3.47
Hexyl Salicylate 6259-76-3 1251.72 7.41
Floral 63500-71-0 560.12 5.17
Veloutone 65443-14-3 895.14 2.94
Isopropyl methyl-2- butyrate 66576-71-4 531.91 2.91
Flo rex 69486-14-2 595.08 7.70
gamm a-decalactone 706-14-9 665.41 7.09
Cedroxyde 71735-79-0 740.84 2.74
Ethyl 2 methyl butyrate 7452-79-1 447.71 3.20
alpha-methyl ionone 7779-30-8 803.54 3.61
Irons alpha 79-69-6 705.60 3.34
Cetone V 79-78-7 973.71 3.30
Isopentyrate 80118-06-5 727.28 2.66
Terpinyl acetate 80-26-2 701.84 5.88
Terpinyl acetate 80-26-2 701.84 6.25
Romascone 81752-87-6 561.52 2.57
Muscenone 82356-51-2 855.60 2.33
Scentenal 86803-90-9 693.35 3.22
Eugenyl Acetate 93-28-7 963.03 4.37
Alpha -methylbenzyl acetate 93-92-5 572.86 3.90
Doremox 94201-73-7 422.35 2.60
lilial 80-54-6 637.00 2.27
dihydromyrcenol 18479-58-8 523.35 4.25
linalool 78-70-6 528.00 4.18
benzyl salycilate 118-58-1 490.00 8.30
ethylene brassylate 105-95-3 905.63 6.43
4-isopropylbenzaldehyde 122-03-2 432.621 5

Example 2: Effect of perfume compounds on formulation Rheology
5 Perfume compounds that has the intermediate effect in raising formulation
viscosity of low active formulation: molecular volume < 400 A3, polarity >1 MPa1/2. These components would individually (or, if present for example, as >50% of mixture) be expected to raise viscosity of low surfactant, perfume free composition having a viscosity of <1 Pa.s to >1 to 40 Pa.s. The following are examples:

Example 2
Chemical Name CAS Molecule Volume (A3) Polarity
(MPa1/2)
2-propanone 67-64-1 142.04 10.4
Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 157.30 4.3
Butanol 71-36-3 170.10 5.7
2-furaldehyde 98-01-1 176.96 14.86
2-butanone 78-93-3 181.44 9
Butyraidehyde 123-72-8 182.07 5.28
2,3-butanedione 431-03-8 196.71 13,4
Valeraldehyde 110-62-3 201.68 4.46
Benzaldetiyde 100-52-7 208.79 7.38
butanojc add 107-92-6 215.47 4.14
hexyl alcohol 111-27-3 222.18 3.9
Indole 120-72-9 234.78 7.75
hex-trans-2-enai 6728-26-3 254.188 4.1
Coumarin 91-64-5 254.63 18.96
Hexa-trans,trans,-2,4-dienal 142-83-6 255.15 4.5
benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 258.89 6.29
2-heptanone 110-43-0 261.252 6
Ethylbutanoate 105-54-4 264.04 4.1
2-m ethyl phenol 95-48-7 270.06 5
p-cresol 106-44-5 272.34 5
Cinnamaldehyde 104-55-2 272.44 3.95
phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) 60-12-8 293 2.9
2,5 dimethylpyrazine 123-32-0 301.50 9.49
2-buten-1 -ol-3-nnelhyl 556-82-1 309.23 7.15
p-antsaldehyde 123-11-5 311.74 6.8
Methyl anthranilate extra 134-20-3 320.23 10.30
hexyl acetate 142-92-7 328 2.9
Vanillin 121-33-5 330.62 9.9
Heliotropine 120-57-0 334.46 8.69
Dimethyl allyl acetate(2-buten-1-ol 3-me 1191-16-8 339.83 3.49
2-ethyl pyrazine 13925-00-3 342.33 8.3
2-ethy l-3-m ethoxy-pyrazi ne 25680-58-4 343.90 8.3
Methyl heptenone pure 110-93-0 353.20 5.63
Jasmone Cis 488-10-8 357.04 7.33

Example 3: Effect of perfume compounds on formulation viscosity of low active formuiation without any additional salt other than those brought in by surfactant. The fomnulation contains 10% SLES.1 EO/2% CAPB. 5
The results can be seen in Figure 1
10 Example 4: Among compounds listed in Example 1: the following compounds showed a significantly thickening effect for the low active base (8% SLES/ 4% CAPB), Concentration for perfume compound is 1%.

CAS Zero shear viscosity (Pa.s)
Base 0.06
Lrnalool 78-70-6 57.06
Benzyl salicylate 118-58-1 40.43
Lilial 80-54-6 146.1
Citronellol 106-22-9 445.63
Undecanoic y-lactone 104-67-6 108.69
DIhydromyroenol 53219-21-9 96.38
Ethylene brassylate 105-95-3 86.99
Alpha hexylcinnamic aldehyde 101-86-0 83.52
15
From this Example 4, it can be seen that those components having a molecular volume >400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 all raised zero shear viscosity from <1 Pa.s to at least 40 Pa.s and approaching 500 Pa.s.

Example 5: More examples of compounds listed in Example 1 that showed a significantly thickening effect for the low active base (8% SLES/ 4% CAPB). Concentration of the perfume compound is 1%. 5

CAS Zero shear viscosity (Pa.s)
Base 0.07
Ncnadienal 557-48-2 >60
Phenyl hexanoi 55066-48-3 >60
Geranyl acetone 689-67-8 >60
Gamma decalactone 706-14-9 >60
Felvinone 68259-33-6 >60
Calyxol 59151-19-8 >60
These are additional examples showing components of molecular volume >400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 raising zero shear viscosity from below 1 Pa.s to >60.
10
Comparative: the following compounds listed in Example 1 only showed an intermediate thickening effect for the low active base {8% SLES/ 4% CAPB). Concentration for perfume compound is 1 % if not otherwise stated. These compounds are specifically excluded from the first group of the invention
15 (although they could be included in the second group of Example 2, based on their affect).

CAS Zero shear viscosity (Pa.s)
Base 0.01
0.5% muscone 541-91-3 15.03
Methyl jasmonale 1211-29-6 15.41
0.5% methyl ionone (alpha/beta mix) 1322-70-9 15.53
Alpha methyl benzyl acetate 93-92-5 >2
Tepinyl acetate 80-26-2 >2
Musk methyl ketone (Traseolide) 68140-48-7 >2

Comparative: the following compounds listed in Table 1 will not thicken the low active base (8% SLES/ 4% CAPB). The low active base remains water-thin. Concentration for perfume compound is 1% if not otherwise stated. These compounds are specifically excluded from first group, and would not fall within 5 effects of second group either.

CAS Zero shear viscosity (Pa.s)
Base 0.01
Peach nitril (Frutonile) 69300-15-8 <1
Oxane 59323-76-1 <1
Hexyl salicylate 6259-76-3 <1
irony! acetate 58430-94-7 <1
Methyl ionone (alpha/beta m\x) 1322-70-9 <1
Muscone 541-91-3 <1
Example 6: The following compounds showed an intermediate thickening effect 10 for the low active base (8% SLES/ 4% CAPB). Concentration for perfume compound is 1%.

CAS Zero shear viscosity (Pa.s)
Base 0.01
Hexyl alcohol 111-27-3 33.77
Cinnamic aldehyde 104-55-2 19.13
Jasmine ds 488-10-8 17.41
Coumarin 91-64-5 15.87
Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 14.93
Hexyl acetate 142-92-7 15.21
PEA 60-12-8 2.86
These are examples having components of V <400 A3 and polarity of >1 MP1/2 15 raising viscosity in low surfactant formulations from <1 Pa.s to range of >1 to 40 Pa.s.

Example 7: Perfume mixes with different composition of perfume compounds are tested for their effect on rheology of low active base (8% SLES/ 4% CAPB). Concentration for perfume mix in the base is 1%. Each mix has different composition of llnalool (thicl50%, preferably >60% of component of any mixture comprises components of a particular group (e.g., molecular volume > 400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2), then they have the same effect as any Individual component in that group in raising viscosity. Thus, for example, if individual perfume components having V > 400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 will raise viscosity
15 of low surfactant compositions from less than 1 Pa.s (prior to perfume addition) to >25 to 500 Pa.s, as seen above, a perfume mix with two components of that group comprising >50% of the mix also will raise viscosity by that amount (See 7a and 7b).
20

CLAIMS
5 1. A method of enhancing the viscosity of liquid composition comprising 15%
by wt. or less of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic,
nonionic, amphoteric/zwitterionic, cationic surfactant and mixtures thereof;
substantially no perfijme, and zero shear viscosity of <1 Pa.s; wherein said
method comprises adding individual perfume component having molecular
10 volume (V) >400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 or adding mixture of
components, wherein components having noted volume and polarity comprise >50% of the perfume mixture.
2. A composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 65% thickener and/or
15 structu rants;
3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 comprising 0.1 to 1.5% by
wt. cationic polymer and 0 to 3% by wt. solid particulate modifier.
20 4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims comprising <1-12% by wt. surfactant.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein addition of individual perfume or mixtures raises viscosity to level of >25 to 500 Pa.s. 25
30

6. A method of enhancing viscosity of liquid composition comprising 15% by
wt. or less of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic,
noniontc, amphoteric/zwitterionic, cationic surfactant and mixtures thereof;
5 substantially no perfume and zero shear viscosity <1 Pa.s, wherein said
method comprises adding individual perfume components having a molecular volume (V) <400 A3 and polarity >1 MPa1/2 or mixtures of components wherein components having noted volume and value or polarity comprise >50% of the perfume mixture. 10
7. A method according to claim 6 comprising 1-12% by wt. surfactant.
8. A method according to claim 6 wherein addition of individual perfumes or mixtures raised viscosity to a level of >1 to 40 Pa.s.