BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to gas turbines and, more particularly, to an inlet
system for a gas turbine that improves thermal mixing of air flowing from the inlet
system and into the gas turbine.
DISCUSSION OF PRIOR ART
Inlet systems for gas turbines are generally used for treating air that passes
Mj to the gas turbine. The air can be treated by filtering, heating, cooling, or the like.
Providing heated air to the gas turbine can improve plant efficiency, but can also create a
thermal distortion at the inlet of the gas turbine. Heated air can exhibit a thermal
distortion within the inlet system due to a lack of thermal mixing and mixing length
within the inlet system. For instance, warmer air can accumulate towards the top of the
inlet system while colder air can accumulate towards the bottom of the inlet system.
This temperature difference can linger throughout the inlet system and to the outlet of the
inlet system. However, to increase efficiency and structural life of a compressor in the
gas turbine, the maximum thermal distortion (e.g., temperature difference between a
maximum and minimum temperature) of air at an outlet of the inlet system should be no
more than 10° Fahrenheit ("F"). Accordingly, it would be useful to provide a method
and/or device to mix the air within the inlet system to produce air having a substantially
™ uniform temperature distribution. Additionally, it would be useful to provide a method
and/or device to solve the aforementioned problems without a major modification in the
overall design of the inlet system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following summary presents a simplified summary in order to provide
a basic understanding of some aspects of the systems and/or methods discussed herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the systems and/or methods discussed
herein. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of
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such systems and/or methods. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified
form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In accordance with one aspect the present invention provides an air inlet
system for delivering a flow of air. The system included a temperature controlling
section configured to alter temperature of the air flow. The temperature controlling
section imparts a temperature variation distribution across different portions of the air
flow. The system also includes a transition section positioned downstream from the
temperature controlling section. The transition section has surfaces oriented at an angle
that is neither parallel not perpendicular with respect to a flow direction of the air flow
entering the transition section to cause mixing of the different, temperature variant
^ P portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature variation distribution.
In accordance with another aspect, the present invention provides an air
inlet system for delivering a flow of air. The system includes a temperature controlling
section configured to alter temperature of the air flow. The temperature controlling
section imparts a temperature variation distribution across different portions of the air
flow. The system includes at least one flow diverter positioned downstream from the
temperature controlling section. The at least one flow diverter extends transverse with
respect to a flow direction of the air flow moving past the at least one flow diverter to
divert the air flow around the at least one flow diverter to cause mixing of the different,
temperature variant portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature variation
distribution.
In accordance with another aspect, the present invention provides an air
^ " inlet system for delivering a flow of air. The system includes a temperature controlling
section configured to alter temperature of the air flow. The temperature controlling section imparts a temperature variation distribution across different portions of the air flow. The system includes at least one screen positioned downstream from the
temperature controlling section. The at least one screen extending transverse with respect
to a flow direction of the air flow moving past the at least one screen. At least a first
portion of the air flow moves through the screen to cause turbulence and cause mixing of [
the different, temperature variant portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature
variation distribution. The system also includes a flow diverter positioned downstream
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from the temperature controlling section and within the air flow to divert at least some of
the air flow to a first side of the flow diverter and to divert at least some of the air flow to
a second side of the flow diverter to cause turbulence and cause mixing of the different,
temperature variant portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature variation
distribution.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other aspects of the invention will become apparent to
those skilled in the art to which the invention relates upon reading the following
description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
• p Fig. 1 is a schematized perspective view of an example inlet system for a
i
gas turbine;
Fig. 2 is a schematized cross-section view of the example inlet system of
j Fig. 1 including an example transition section in accordance with an aspect of the present
invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematized perspective view of the example inlet system
\ including the transition section of Fig. 2;
! Fig. 4a is a side view temperature distribution plot of the example inlet
system without the transition section of Figs. 2 and 3;
Fig. 4b is a temperature distribution plot at an outlet of the example inlet
system without the transition section of Figs. 2 and 3;
Fig. 4c is a side view temperature distribution plot of the example inlet
^ ^ system with the transition section of Figs. 2 and 3;
Fig. 4d is a temperature distribution plot at the outlet of the example inlet
system with the transition section of Figs. 2 and 3;
Fig. 5 is a graph showing a relationship of temperature distribution in an
example inlet system with and without the example transition section of Figs. 2 and 3;
Fig. 6 is a schematized cross-section view of a second example inlet
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system including an example flow diverter in accordance with another aspect of the
present invention; and
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Fig. 7 is a schematized cross-section view of a third example inlet system
including an example screen and an example flow splitter in accordance with another
aspect of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Example embodiments that incorporate one or more aspects of the
invention are described and illustrated in the drawings. These illustrated examples are
not intended to be a limitation on the invention. For example, one or more aspects of the
invention can be utilized in other embodiments and even other types of devices.
Moreover, certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken
4 P as a limitation on the invention. Still further, in the drawings, the same reference
numerals are employed for designating the same elements.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example inlet system 10 for delivering an exiting
air flow 12 from an outlet 14 that can be utilized by a device (not shown), such as a gas
turbine according to one aspect of the invention. Within the shown example, the outlet
14 has a general ring cross-sectional shape area through which the exiting air flow 12
proceeds. Of course, a different shape could be provided. An entering air flow 13 can be
drawn from an exterior location and into the inlet system 10.
Turning to the portions of the inlet system 10 shown within the
example of Fig. 1, the outlet 14 is in fluid communication with a duct section 18. The
outlet 14 is positioned adjacent to, and downstream from, the duct section 18. The duct
section 18 can define a passageway through which the air flow 13 can pass. The duct
^ ^ section 18 is shown to have a substantially 90° bend. However, it is to be understood that
the duct section 18 can take on a number of different sizes, shapes, and configurations, j
and is not limited to the structure shown in the example of Fig. 2. For instance, the duct
, section 18 could be substantially straight, without a 90° bend. Similarly, the duct section
18 could include the one bend, or multiple bends. As such, the duct section 18 can take
on a number of configurations without substantially altering the passage of the air flow
13 through the duct section 18. The inlet system 10 includes an inlet section 20. It should be
appreciated that the inlet section 20 is somewhat generically shown within Fig. 1. This
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generic representation is such to convey the concept that the inlet section 20 of the inlet
system 10 shown in Fig. 1 can represent a prior art construction or a construction in
accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention as will be described in
follow passages.
The inlet section 20 includes one or more hoods 22. The hoods 22 can
provide a shielding function to help protect the inlet system 10 from ingesting at least
some materials and/or precipitation that may otherwise enter the inlet section 20.
Examples of such materials that the hoods 22 can shield from ingestion can include, but
are not limited to, leaves, branches, animals, dust, particulates, etc. The precipitation that
the hoods 22 can limit entrance of can include, but is not limited, to, water, rain, snow,
^ P hail, sleet, etc. In the shown example, a plurality of hoods is organized in a stacked
configuration (e.g., each hood extending left to right, and the hoods located in a vertically
extending sequence) across the inlet section 20. The hoods 22 extend outwardly from the
inlet section 20. Of course, the hoods 22 are not limited to the shown example, and can
take on a number of different sizes, shapes, and configurations. Moreover, the hoods 22
can be designed to withstand some amount of impact force from the materials and/or
precipitation. For example, the hoods 22 can withstand heavy precipitation, such as a
heavy rain, wind, or snow accumulation, without breaking while still reducing the
amount of precipitation that enters the inlet section 20.
The example inlet system 10 includes a reduction section 19 positioned
adjacent to, and downstream from, the inlet section 20. The reduction section 19 has an
inlet portion that has a larger cross-sectional area and that is located adjacent to the inlet
" ^ section 20, and outlet portion that has a smaller cross-sectional area and that is located
distal from the inlet section 20. As such, the reduction section 19 is tapered, such that a
cross-sectional area of an upstream portion of the reduction section 19 is larger than the [
cross-sectional area of a downstream portion. Air flow 13 enters the inlet portion of the
reduction section 19, passes through the reduction section 19, and exits through the outlet
portion of the reduction section 19.
The example inlet system 10 further includes a silencer section or
simply a silencer 16. The silencer 16 is positioned adjacent to and/or downstream from
the reduction section 19 and upstream of the duct section 18. The air flow 13 passes from
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the reduction section 19, through the silencer 16 and to the duct section 18. The silencer
16 can be disposed within the inlet system 10 and can dampen noise generated within the
inlet system 10. Silencers are well known in the art, and can include a number of
different structures that reduce and/or dampen noise. As such, the silencer 16 described
herein could include a number of different silencers that function to reduce and/or
dampen noise.
With the portions shown within Fig. 1 now identified, it should be
appreciated that the inlet section 20, the reduction section 19, the silencer 16, the duct
section 18, and the outlet section 14 are all sequentially in fluid communication with each
other. It is to be understood that the inlet system 10 is of Fig. 1 is only
^ p generically/schematically shown, and is not intended to be a limitation upon the present
invention. As such, the inlet system 10 is not limited to the structure of the shown
example, and can be varied in a number of ways. For instance, the inlet system 10 could
include further structures that are not shown in the example and/or could operate without
some of the structures shown. In addition, the inlet system 10 could be used with a
variety of different structures and is not limited to gas turbines. For instance, the inlet
system 10 could be operatively associated with a compressor during part load operation,
any type of combined cycle power plant, or the like.
Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, further details of the example inlet
system 10 of Fig. 1 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention are shown.
Specifically, for the example shown within Figs. 2 and 3 the inlet section 20 of the inlet
system 10 includes several items. First, a temperature controlling section 24 is provided.
™ The temperature controlling section 24 can be positioned downstream, adjacent/near, the I
hoods 22. The temperature controlling section 24 thus can receive the air flow 13 that
initially passes into the inlet section 20. As such, the air flow 13 can pass from an
exterior location, past the hoods 22, and to/through the temperature controlling section
24. The temperature controlling section 24 can change the temperature of the air flow 13
that passes through the temperature controlling section 24. As such, air flow 13 leaving the temperature controlling section 24 can have a different temperature than the air flow 13 entering the temperature controlling section 24.
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In one example, the temperature controlling section 24 could heat the
air flow 13 by increasing the temperature of the air. In such an example, the temperature
controlling section 24 could include a variety of heating structures, including heater(s),
heating coil(s), heat exchanger(s), or the like. It is to be understood that the temperature
controlling section 24 is not limited to the examples described herein, and that a number
of different heating structures can be provided that function to heat the air flow 13
through the temperature controlling section 24. The temperature controlling section 24
can heat the air flow 13 along a variety of temperature ranges. For instance, the
temperature controlling section 24 can heat the air flow from 59° Fahrenheit ("F") to
140° F. Similarly, the temperature controlling section 24 can heat a cold air flow from (-
' ^ 20°) F to 80° F. The temperature controlling section 24 is not limited to these heating
ranges and, depending on the specific type of heating structure and/or power output,
could heat the air flow 13 to a greater or smaller temperature range. The temperature
controlling section 24 can heat some or all of the air flow 13 that flows through the
temperature controlling section 24.
The temperature controlling section 24 is not limited to heating. In
further examples, the temperature controlling section 24 could include a cooling structure
that could cool the air flow 13 by decreasing the temperature of the air. In such an
example, the temperature controlling section 24 could include a variety of cooling
structures, including cooling coil(s), heat exchangers), or the like. It is to be understood
that the temperature controlling section 24 is not limited to the examples described
herein, and that a number of different cooling structures can be provided that are capable
w of cooling the air flow 13 through the temperature controlling section 24. The
temperature controlling section 24 can cool the air flow 13 along a variety of temperature
ranges depending on the specific type of cooling structure and/or power output. The
temperature controlling section 24 can cool some or all of the air flow 13 that flows
through the temperature controlling section 24. Thus, the temperature controlling section
24 is configured to alter temperature of the air flow 13.
It should be appreciated that as the air flow 13 exits the temperature
controlling section 24, different portions of the air flow 13 may have different
temperatures. For example, warm or hot air can accumulate towards an upper portion of
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the air flow 13. Similarly, cold or cooler air can accumulate towards a bottom portion of
the air flow 13. As such, air flow 13 exiting the temperature controlling section 24 can
be cooler towards the bottom and warmer towards the top. Thus, the temperature
controlling section 24 imparts a temperature variation distribution across different -
portions of the air flow 13. It should be noted, airflow 13 having a temperature variation may cause undesired results. For example, it is possible that a temperature variation
within the air flow 13 may reduce the structural life and efficiency of a gas turbine
receiving the exiting air flow 12.
Referring still to Figs. 2 and 3, the inlet section 20 of the inlet system
10 can further include a transition section 30 in accordance with an aspect of the
KP invention. The transition section 30 can be positioned adjacent to and downstream from
j the temperature controlling section 24. The transition section 30 can receive the air flow ;
I 13 that passes from temperature controlling section 24. The transition section 30 can
j define a substantially hollow passageway for air flow 13.
In the shown example, the transition section 30 extends upwardly at an
j angle from the temperature controlling section 24. Specifically, the transition section 30
j extends upwardly at an angle with respect to horizontal. The angle of the transition
! section 30 is shown to be about 30° with respect to horizontal, but the angle can be
smaller or larger. For instance, the angle of the transition section 30 can range between
an angle of 0° or close to 0°, and up to 60° and higher. Atypical angle of the transition
section 30 could be 37° to 45° degrees from horizontal depending on the availability of
space. Moreover, it is to be understood that the transition section 30 is not limited to
™ extending upwardly, and could also extend downwardly, sideways, and/or diagonally
from the temperature controlling section 24. The transition section 30 could further
include multiple angles, such as by extending upwardly then downwardly, or the like.
Similarly, the transition section 30 can be longer or shorter in length, and is not limited to
the dimensions of the shown example. In general, the transition section 30 has surfaces j
oriented at an angle that is neither parallel not perpendicular with respect to a flow (
direction of the air flow entering the transition section. j
The transition section 30 can improve thermal distribution and mixing j
within the inlet system 10 by increasing the mixing of the air flow 13. The result is a f
9 ' J
j
more homogenous temperature within the air flow 13. For example, the transition section
30 can increase the length and change the direction that the air flow 13 travels through
the inlet system 10. Specifically, the transition section 30 increases the distance that the
air flow 13 must travel after passing through the temperature controlling section 24. As
another example, the transition section 30 can also increase the turbulence of the air flow
13 due, in part, to the angle of the transition section 30 with respect to the temperature
controlling section 24. For instance, in the shown examples of Figs. 2 and 3, the bottom
portion of the transition section 30 can direct the cold air upwards. The cold air can mix
with the warmer air that is disposed towards the top of the transition section 30.
Accordingly, the mixture of cold air and warm air within the transition section 30 can
£ p produce an air flow having a more uniform temperature distribution. Thus, the transition
section 30 has surfaces oriented at an angle that is neither parallel not perpendicular with
respect to a flow direction of the air flow entering the transition section to cause mixing
of the different, temperature variant portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature
variation distribution.
It should be noted that the inlet system 10 can be constructed anew with
the transition section 30 part of the original construction. In the alternative if the inlet
system 10 is pre-existing, the transition section 30 can be added to the inlet system 10 by
removing the hoods 22, etc. and installing the transition section 30.
Referring still to Figs. 2 and 3, the inlet system 10 can further include a
filter 26. The filter 26 can be positioned adjacent to and downstream from the transition
section 30. The filter 26 can receive the air flow 13 that passes through the transition
™ section 30. As such, the air flow 13 can pass from an exterior location, through the
temperature controlling section 24, through the transition section 30 and to the filter 26.
The filter 26 can be mounted to extend perpendicularly or substantially
perpendicularly with respect to the air flow 13. As such, the filter 26 can extend
substantially across the inlet system 10 such that some or all of the air flow 13 can pass
through the filter 26. The filter 26 can include a variety of different types of filters that
can remove particles from the air flow 13. For instance, the filter 26 could include a
water tight filter that prevents and/or limits liquids and/or aqueous solutions within the air
flow 13 from passing through the filter 26. Similarly, other filters are contemplated that
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could remove dry particles from the air flow 13, such as salt, dust, corrosives, water, etc.
The filter 26 could include fiberglass, or another suitable filtering material, and may have
a coating or treatment made from a hydrophobic material or some other suitable water
tight coating or treatment material. The types of filters described herein are not intended to be a limitation upon the filter 26 of the present invention, and any number of filters
could be used, depending on the specific application.
The overall operation of the example inlet system 10 shown in Figs. 2
and 3 can now be reviewed. Air enters the inlet system 10 through the inlet section 20.
The hoods 22 can at least partially reduce the amount of materials and/or precipitation
that enters the inlet section 20. The temperature controlling section 24 can change the
^ P temperature of the air flow that passes through the temperature controlling section 24.
Specifically, the temperature controlling section 24 can selectively heat or cool the air
flow. Air exiting the temperature controlling section 24 encounters the transition section
30. The transition section 30 helps to mix the flow. For example, the transition section
30 direct cold air upwards, causing the cold air to mix with warmer air. As another
example, the transition section 30 increases the distance that the heated/cooled air will
travel between the temperature controlling section 24 and the filter 26. As such, the I
ability to mix cold air and warm air within the transition section 30 is increased, thus !
producing an air flow having a more uniform temperature distribution. The filter 26
remove particles and/or liquids from the air flow as the air flow passes through the filter
26. The air flow can then pass through the reduction section 19, silencer 16, and duct
section 18. The exiting air flow 12 can exit the outlet 14 before entering the gas turbine. ™ Of note, the exiting air flow 12 has improved temperature mixing to provide a minimized
temperature gradient distribution.
Referring now to the series of Figs. 4a-4d, temperature distribution improvement to air flow within the inlet system 10 is indicated. With regard to Figs. 4a
and 4b, a temperature distribution map is shown for the inlet system 10 without a
transition section 30. As such, it is possible to consider Figs. 4a and 4b to represent the
prior art before the improvement provided in accordance with the present invention.
Referring first to Fig. 4a, a temperature distribution of a cross sectional view of an inlet
system is shown. The temperature is represented in Fahrenheit ("F"). Warmer air (up to
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131° F) is disposed towards an upper portion of the inlet system near a top surface.
Cooler air (down to 43° F) is disposed towards a bottom portion of the inlet system near a
bottom surface. Air at a middle temperature is disposed between the warmer and cooler
air. As shown, the warmer and cooler air remains segregated throughout the entire inlet
system, starting from behind the temperature controlling section (in this example, a
heating section) and continuing to the outlet.
Referring now to Fig. 4b, a temperature distribution map is shown for
the outlet 14 of the inlet system 10 without a transition section 30. Recall that the
example outlet 14 is substantially ring-shaped. Warmer air and cooler air remain
segregated at the outlet 14 of the inlet system. Cooler air is disposed towards a center
^> portion (inner diameter) of the outlet while warmer air is disposed towards an outer
portion (outer diameter) of the outlet. The temperature difference between the warmest
air and coldest air at the outlet is approximately 40° F.
With regard to Figs. 4c and 4d, temperature distribution maps are
shown for the inlet system 10 that has a transition section 30 in accordance with an aspect
of the present invention. Referring first to Fig. 4c, a temperature distribution map is
| shown for a cross sectional view of the inlet system 10 that includes the transition section
30. The temperature is again represented in Fahrenheit. The temperature distribution
within the inlet system 10 is more mixed and homogenized than the example of Fig. 4a,
thus leading to a more uniform temperature distribution. Warmer air is still somewhat
disposed towards an upper portion of the inlet system 10; however the warmer air is in
the temperature range of approximately 83° F, as opposed to 131° F in the inlet system 10
W without the transition section 30. Similarly, the cooler air is in the temperature range of
approximately 80° F, as opposed to 43° F in the inlet system 10 without the transition
section 30.
Referring now to Fig. 4d, a temperature distribution map is shown for
the outlet 14 of the inlet system 10 that has a transition section 30 in accordance with an
aspect of the present invention. As with the temperature distribution map shown in Fig.
4c, the temperature distribution at the outlet 14 is more mixed and homogenized within
the temperature distribution map of Fig. 4d than the example of Fig. 4b. As such, the
outlet 14 exhibits a more uniform temperature distribution of warm and cool air. Warmer
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air is somewhat disposed towards an inner diameter and outer diameter of the outlet 14.
Cooler air is disposed between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. The maximum
temperature of the warmer air is approximately 85° F while the minimum temperature of
the cooler air is approximately 75° F. As such, the temperature difference between the
warmest air and coldest air at the outlet 14 is approximately 10° F.
Referring now to the graph of Fig. 5, a relative temperature distortion
comparison between the inlet system 10 with the transition section 30 and the inlet
system 10 without the transition section 30 is provided. The y-axis represents the
temperature distortion (in degrees Fahrenheit) indicates the temperature difference
between maximum temperature and minimum temperature at a specific location within
H the inlet system 10. The x-axis represents specific locations at which the maximum and minimum temperature is measured. Inlet system location 1 correlates with temperature
being measured at the silencer 16 (shown in Fig. 2). Inlet system location 2 correlates I
with temperature being measured at the duct section 18 (shown in Fig. 2). Inlet system
location 3 correlates with temperature being measured at the outlet 14 (shown in Fig. 2).
The graph displays two separate temperature distortion curves. A first
curve shown as a solid line represents the inlet system 10 without a transition section. A [
second curve shown as a dotted line represents the inlet system 10 with the transition j
section 30 shown within Figs. 2 and 3. With regard to Inlet System Location 1 measured
at the silencer 16, the inlet system without the transition section exhibits a temperature
distortion of approximately 45° F. This temperature represents the temperature
difference between the maximum and minimum temperature taken at the silencer. In
W contrast, the inlet system with the transition section exhibits a temperature distortion of
approximately 12° F. With regard to Inlet System Location 2 measured at the duct !
section 18, the inlet system without the transition section exhibits a temperature distortion !
of approximately 45° F. In contrast, the inlet system with the transition section exhibits a
temperature distortion of approximately 7° F. Lastly, with regard to Inlet System
Location 3 measured at the outlet 14, the inlet system without the transition section
t
exhibits a temperature distortion of approximately 45° F. In contrast, the inlet system ]
with the transition section exhibits a temperature distortion of approximately 5° F.
Accordingly, the inlet system 10 that includes the transition section 30 exhibits a smaller
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temperature distribution between the maximum and minimum temperatures as compared
to an inlet system without the transition section.
Referring now to Fig. 6, a second example of an inlet system 110 in
accordance with another aspect of the present invention is shown. The inlet system 110
includes an inlet section 120. The inlet section 120 allows for the air flow similar to the
previous example of Figs. 2 and 3.
As with the previous example, the inlet section 120 includes one or
more hoods 122. Also, similar to the previous example, the inlet system 110 includes a
temperature controlling section 124. The temperature controlling section 124 can be the
same/similar to the temperature controlling section 24 described above with respect to
^ p Figs. 2 and 3. In short summary, the temperature controlling section 124 can change the
temperature of the air flow that passes through the temperature controlling section 124.
The inlet system 110 (Fig. 6) includes a filter 126 that can be the
same/similar to the filter 26 described above with respect to Figs. 2 and 3. Also, the inlet
system 110 includes a reduction section 119 that can be the same/similar to the reduction
section 19 described above with respect to Figs. 2 and 3. Also, the inlet system 110
includes a silencer 116 that can be the same/similar to the silencer 16 described above
with respect to Figs. 2 and 3.
Referring still to Fig. 6, the inlet system 110 includes a flow diverter
I 130 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. The flow diverter 130 is
1 positioned downstream from the temperature controlling section 124. The flow diverter
130 extends upwardly from a bottom surface of the inlet system 110 and extends
I ^ laterally, partially or completely, across the inlet system 110. Thus, the flow diverter 130
j extends transverse with respect to a flow direction of the air flow moving past the flow
I diverter 130. The flow diverter 130 can include a variety of different structures. For
I instance, the flow diverter 130 can include a strip of material, such as metal, plastic, etc.,
j that extends laterally along the bottom of the inlet system 110. In a further example, the
flow diverter 130 could include a bottom surface of the inlet system 110 that extends
[ upwardly to form the flow diverter 130, such that the flow diverter 130 is integrally
formed with the bottom surface.
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The flow diverter 130 could include a single flow diverter, or multiple
flow diverters that, in combination, function similarly to a single flow diverter. For
instance, multiple flow diverters could be positioned in series along the bottom surface of
the inlet system 10. Similarly, the flow diverters could each have the same height, or ;
could have varying heights. Further still, each of plural flow diverters can each extend
across the bottom surface a varying length. For example, one flow diverter could extend
completely across the bottom surface while another flow diverter could extend only
partially across the bottom surface. Even further, each flow diverter could have a I
differing shape as compared to another flow diverter. For example, differences in inclination or differences in tapers (e.g., a taller section tapering off into a shorter section)
j p are possible. It is to be understood, however, that the flow diverter 130 can take on any
number of sizes, shapes, structures, configurations, etc. and is not limited to the examples {
shown and described herein.
The flow diverter 130 is not limited to the location shown in Fig. 6, and can be positioned at a variety of locations throughout the inlet system 110. For instance,
the flow diverter 130 could be positioned downstream from the position shown in flow
diverter 130. Further, the flow diverter 130 could be positioned within the reduction
section 119, within the silencer 116, within the duct section (not shown in Fig. 6), or the I
i like. In fact, multiple flow diverters, if present, could be positioned at varying locations
within the inlet system 110. In further examples, the flow diverter could be positioned on
side walls as well.
The flow diverter 130 can improve thermal distortion within the inlet
W system 110 by increasing the mixing of the air flow. As stated above, air flow passing
through the inlet system 110 can include pockets of warmer air and pockets of colder air.
The colder air can sometimes accumulate towards a bottom portion of the inlet system
110 downstream from the temperature controlling section 124. As the air flow passes
through the inlet system 110, the flow diverter 130 can direct the colder air upwards
towards a center of the inlet system 110. The colder air will be diverted over the flow
diverter 130 as it passes through the inlet system 110. As the colder air is diverted
upwards, the colder air can mix with warmer air from the air flow, thus reducing the
temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature of air within the
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air flow. Thus, the flow diverter 130 extends transverse with respect to the flow direction
of the air flow moving past the flow diverter to divert the air flow around the flow
diverter to cause mixing of the different, temperature variant portions of the air flow and
reduce the temperature variation distribution.
The inlet system 110 can further include a second flow diverter 132.
The second flow diverter 132 can be positioned at a variety of locations within the inlet
system 110, including, but not limited to, at an upwardly located portion of the reduction
section 119 or within a silencer 116. The second flow diverter 132 can extend laterally,
partially or completely, across the inlet system 110 and can project downwardly from a
top surface of the inlet system 110. The second flow diverter 132 can include a variety of
^ different structures. For instance, the second flow diverter 132 can include a strip of
material, such as metal, that extends across the inlet system 110. In a further example,
the second flow diverter 132 could include a top surface of the inlet system 110 that
projects downwardly to form the second flow diverter 132.
As with the flow diverter 130, the second flow diverter 132 could
include a single second flow diverter, or multiple second flow diverters that, in
combination, function similarly to the second flow diverter 132. For instance, multiple
second flow diverters could be positioned in series along the top surface of the inlet
system 110. Similarly, the second flow diverters could each have the same height, or
could have varying heights. Further still, the second flow diverters can each extend
across the top surface a varying length, such as with one second flow diverter extending
completely across the top surface while another second flow diverter extends only
™ partially across the top surface. Even further, each second flow diverter could have a
varying shape, such as being inclined, or having a taller section tapering off into a shorter i
section. It is to be understood, however, that the second flow diverter 132 can take on :
any number of sizes, shapes, structures, configurations, etc. and is not limited to the
examples shown and described herein.
The second flow diverter 132 is not limited to the location shown in Fig. 6, and can be positioned at a variety of locations throughout the inlet system 110. For instance, the second flow diverter 132 can be positioned differently (e.g.,
downstream) from the position shown with Fig. 6. The second flow diverter 132 could
16 i
be positioned within the reduction section 119, the silencer 116, the duct section (not
shown), or the like. In fact, multiple second flow diverters could be positioned at varying
locations within the inlet system 110. In further examples, the flow diverter could be
positioned on side walls as well.
The second flow diverter 132 can improve the thermal distortion within
the inlet system 110 by increasing the mixing of the air flow. As stated above, air flow
passing through the inlet system 110 can include pockets of warmer air and pockets of
colder air. The warmer air can sometimes accumulate towards an upper portion of the
inlet system 110. As the air flow passes through the inlet system 110, the second flow
diverter 132 can direct the warmer air downwards toward a center of the inlet system 110.
^ The warmer air will be diverted under the second flow diverter 132 as it passes through
the inlet system 110. As the warmer air is diverted downwards, the warmer air can mix
with the colder air, thus reducing the temperature difference between the maximum and
minimum temperature of air within the air flow.
It is to be understood that the flow diverter 130 and second flow
diverter 132 are not limited to the example shown in Fig. 6. Forinstance, in a further
example, the flow diverter 130 and/or the second flow diverter 132 could be included in
the example shown in Figs. 2 and 3. As such, the flow diverter 130 and/or the second
flow diverter 132 can be combined with an inlet system having a transition section 30. In
such an example, the flow diverter 130 and/or the second flow diverter 132 could include
any number of flow diverters, and could be positioned at a variety of locations within the
inlet system, such as within the transition section 30, reduction section, silencer, duct
w section, etc. As such, the example shown and described with respect to Fig. 6 can include
some or all of the features from the example shown and described with respect to Figs. 2
and 3.
Referring now to Fig. 7, a third example of an inlet system 210 in
accordance with another aspect of the present invention is shown. The inlet system 210 includes an inlet section 220. The inlet section 220 can define one or more passageways
for the air flow to enter the inlet system 210. The inlet section 220 allows for the air flow i
similar to the previous examples. . I
f
17 ;
j
I
As with the previous examples, the inlet section 220 includes one or
more hoods 222. Also, similar to the previous examples, the inlet system 210 include a
temperature controlling section 224. The temperature controlling section 224 can be the
same/similar to the temperature controlling section 224 described above. In short
summary, the temperature controlling section 124 can change the temperature of the air
flow that passes through the temperature controlling section 124.
The inlet system 110 includes a filter 226 that can be the same/similar
to the filter 26 described above with respect to Figs. 2 and 3. Also, the inlet system 110
includes a reduction section 219 that can be the same/similar to the reduction section 19
described above with respect to Figs. 2 and 3. Also, the inlet system 110 includes a
A silencer 216 that can be the same/similar to the silencer 16 described above with respect
to Figs. 2 and 3.
Referring still to Fig. 7, the inlet system 210 includes a screen 230.
The screen 230 can be positioned downstream from the temperature controlling section
224. The screen 230 can extend partially or completely across the inlet system 210 and
can extend upwardly from a bottom surface of the inlet system 210. Thus, the screen 230
extends transverse with respect to the flow direction of the air flow moving past the
screen. The screen 230 can include a variety of different structures. For instance, the screen 230 can include a mesh structure that allows air flow to pass partially through the
screen 230. For instance, the screen 230 could include a metal wire, fiberglass, or other
synthetic fiber mesh. In one example, the screen 230 can allow 80% of the air flow that
encounters the screen 230 to pass through the screen 230. However, it is to be
W understood that more or less air can pass through the screen 230. Air that does not pass
through the screen 230 can be diverted upwardly towards a center of the inlet system 210.
As such, a portion of the air flow can pass through the screen 230 while another portion
of the air flow can be diverted upwards to flow over the screen 230.
The screen 230 could include a single screen, or multiple screens that,
in combination, function similarly to the screen 230. For instance, multiple screens could
be positioned in series along one of the surfaces of the inlet system 210. Similarly, the
screen(s) could each have the same height, or could have varying heights. Further still,
the screen(s) can each extend across a surface of the inlet system 210 a varying length,
18 j
such as with one screen extending completely across the surface while another screen
extends only partially across the surface. Even further, each screen could have a varying
shape, such as being inclined, or having a taller section tapering off into a shorter section.
The screen 230 is also not limited to being positioned on the bottom surface of the inlet
system 210. In a further example, one or more screens can be positioned on any or all of
the bottom surface, side surfaces, or top surface of the inlet system 210. Similarly, the
screen 230 is not limited to being positioned between the temperature controlling section
224 and filter 226. In a further example, the screen 230 could be positioned nearly
anywhere within the inlet system, including, but not limited to, the reduction section 219,
silencer 216, duct section (not shown), etc. It is to be understood, that the screen 230 can
4 p take on any number of sizes, shapes, structures, configurations, etc. and is not limited to
j the examples shown and described herein.
The screen 230 can improve thermal distortion within the inlet system
210 by increasing the mixing of the air flow. As stated above, air flow passing through
the inlet system 210 can include pockets of warmer air and pockets of colder air. The
j colder air can accumulate towards a bottom portion of the inlet system 210. As the air
flow passes through the inlet system 210, a portion of the air flow can pass through the
screen 230 while another portion of the air flow can be diverted upwards to flow over (or
around) the screen 230. As the colder air is diverted upwards, the colder air can mix with
warmer air, thus reducing the temperature difference between the maximum and
minimum temperature of air within the air flow. In a further example, the screen 230
could be positioned at the top surface of the inlet system 210, such that warm air is
w diverted both through the screen 230, and under the screen 230 to mix with the colder air.
Thus, at least a first portion of the air flow moves through the screen to cause turbulence
and cause mixing of the different, temperature variant portions of the air flow and reduce
the temperature variation distribution.
The inlet system 210 also includes a third example flow diverter. The
third example flow diverter can include a flow splitter 232. The flow splitter 232 can be
positioned at a variety of locations within the inlet system 210. In the shown example,
the flow splitter 232 can extend from the temperature controlling section 224 to the
silencer 216. It is to be understood, however, that the flow splitter 232 could be
19 j
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f
positioned entirely within the reduction section 219, entirely within a silencer 216, or at
other locations. Similarly, the flow splitter 232 could include more than one flow splitter
232. In such an example, one flow splitter could be positioned at a first location within
the inlet system 210 while a second flow splitter could be positioned at a separate
location. For instance, a first flow splitter could extend from the temperature controlling
section 224 to the filter 226 while a second flow splitter could extend from the reduction
section 219 to the silencer 216. This example is not intended to be a limitation, and the
flow splitter 232 could include multiple flow splitters positioned at a variety of locations
throughout the inlet system 210.
The flow splitter 232 can extend partially or completely across the inlet
^ system 210. As such, the flow splitter 232 can separate the inlet system 210 into two
regions, an upper region, located above the flow splitter 232, and a lower region, located
below the flow splitter 232. The flow splitter 232 is shown to be positioned at a vertical j
midpoint within the inlet system 210. However, the flow splitter 232 could be positioned
higher (closer to a top surface) or lower (closer to a bottom surface).
The flow splitter 232 in Fig. 7 is shown with two bends. A first bend
forms a first angle 251 of approximately 145°. The first bend is positioned near the filter
226. A second bend forms a second angle 252 of approximately 145°. The second bend
is positioned within the reduction section 219. The first angle 251 and second angle 252
can be optimized using computational flow dynamics ("CFD") tools to reduce flow
separation and reduction in pressure drop in the inlet system 210. It is to be understood
that the first bend and second bend are not limited to the angles 251, 252 in the shown
W example. Instead, the flow splitter 232 could be modified to include larger or smaller
angles. In fact, in a further example, the flow splitter 232 may not include any bends and,
instead, may include a straight portion extending horizontally or diagonally within the
inlet system 210.
The flow splitter 232 could include a variety of different structures.
For instance, the flow splitter 232 could include a strip of material, such as metal, that
extends across the inlet system 210. It is to be understood, however, that the flow splitter
232 could include other materials, such as plastic, a combination of materials, etc. that
extend across the inlet system 210. In another example, the flow splitter 232 can be
20 !
substantially solid, such that air flow cannot flow through the flow splitter 232. In a
further example, the flow splitter 232 could include a similar material as the screen 230,
such that at least a portion of the air flow can pass through the flow splitter 232.
The flow splitter 232 can improve the thermal distortion within the inlet
system 210 by increasing the mixing of the air flow. Specifically, the flow splitter 232
can assist in guiding more air flow from the upper half of the inlet system 210 through
the inlet system 210. The gas turbine inlet (not shown) can draw air through the inlet
system 210. However, a majority of air flow is from a bottom half of the inlet section
220. This is due, in part, to the reduction section and silencer rising to only
approximately half the height of the inlet section 220. As such, with less air flow
£ ^ entering through a top half of the inlet section 220, warmer air can accumulate at the top •
half The flow splitter 232 can assist in mixing the air by having more air drawn into the 1
inlet section 220 from a top half of the inlet section 220. As such, the flow splitter 232
can assist in drawing air from both the top half and bottom half of the inlet section 220.
Though not shown in Fig. 7, the inlet system 210 can further include a
duct section and an outlet. The duct section and the outlet can be substantially identical
to the duct section and outlet shown and described above with respect to Fig. 2. The duct
section can be positioned adjacent to and downstream from the silencer. The duct section can receive air flow from the silencer. The outlet can be positioned adjacent to and
downstream from the duct section. The outlet can receive air flow from the duct section.
As with the previous example, the outlet can be connected to a gas turbine inlet (not
shown), such that the outlet defines a passageway through which the air flow can exit the
I P inlet system and enter the gas turbine inlet.
The operation of the example inlet system 210 shown in Fig. 7 can now
be described. Air can enter the inlet system 210 through the inlet section 220. The hoods
222 can at least partially reduce the amount of particles and/or precipitation that enters
the inlet section 220. The temperature controlling section 224 can change the
temperature of the air flow that passes through the temperature controlling section 224.
Specifically, the temperature controlling section 224 can selectively heat or cool the air
flow. After the air flows through the temperature controlling section 224, air near the ;
bottom surface of the inlet system 210 can encounter the screen 230. Typically, colder
21
air is disposed towards the bottom surface. As such, the screen 230 can simultaneously
divert a portion of the air flow over the screen 230 and allow a portion of the air flow to
flow through the screen 230.
In addition, flow splitter 232 can assist in drawing air equally from both
the lower half and upper half of the inlet section 220. The flow splitter 232 can reduce
the amount of warmer air that stagnates towards an upper portion of the inlet system 210.
An inlet force by the gas turbine inlet (not shown) can draw air through the inlet system
210 such that more warm air enters and passes above the flow splitter 232. After the air
passes through the flow splitter, the air can mix, such as in the duct section (not shown).
Together, the combination of the screen 230 diverting cold air both through and around
4 b the screen, and the flow splitter 232 can mix the air flowing through the inlet system 210.
This mixing can reduce the temperature difference between a maximum and minimum
temperature within the air flow.
It is to be understood that the screen 230 and flow splitter 232 are not
limited to the example shown in Fig. 7. For instance, in a further example, the screen 230
and flow splitter 232 could be included in either of the examples shown in Figs. 2 and 3
or Fig. 6. As such, the screen 230 and/or the flow splitter 232 can be combined with an
inlet system having a transition section 30 and/or a flow diverter 130, 132. As such, the
example shown and described with respect to Fig. 7 can include some or all of the
features from the examples shown and described with respect to Figs. 2 and 3 and Fig. 6.
In general, it is to be appreciated that additional examples in
accordance with the present invention could be provided via various combinations from
W the above described examples. For example, the transition section 30, one or more flow
diverters 130,132, one or more screens 230 and/or the flow splitter 232 can be provided
in any combination within a single air inlet system.
The invention has been described with reference to the example
embodiments described above. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a
reading and understanding of this specification. Example embodiments incorporating
one or more aspects of the invention are intended to include all such modifications and
alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims.

WE CLAIM:
1. An air inlet system for delivering a flow of air, the system including:
a temperature controlling section configured to alter temperature of the air flow,
the temperature controlling section imparting a temperature variation distribution across
different portions of the air flow; and
a transition section positioned downstream from the temperature controlling
0^ section, the transition section having surfaces oriented at an angle that is neither parallel
not perpendicular with respect to a flow direction of the air flow entering the transition
section to cause mixing of the different, temperature variant portions of the air flow and
reduce the temperature variation distribution.
2. The inlet system of claim 1, including a filter positioned downstream from the
temperature controlling section, the filter being configured to filter the air flow; and the
transition section is positioned between the temperature controlling section and the filter.
3. The inlet system of claim 2, wherein the surfaces of the transition section extend
upwardly relative to the temperature controlling section to the filter.
^ P 4. The inlet system of claim 3, wherein the surfaces of transition section extends at
an angle ranging from 37° to 45° from flow direction of the air flow entering the
transition section.
5. The inlet system of claim 3, wherein the transition section increases turbulence of
the air flow.
6. The inlet system of claim 3, further including a silencer positioned downstream
from the filter, wherein the silencer is configured to dampen noise.
23
7. The inlet system of claim 6, wherein the air flow flowing through the silencer has
a temperature distribution of not more than approximately 12° F between a maximum
temperature and a minimum temperature.
8. The inlet system of claim 3, wherein the air flow flowing through an outlet of the
inlet system has a temperature distribution of not more than approximately 5° F between
a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature.
9. The inlet system of claim 1, further including at least one flow diverter, wherein
^ the at least one flow diverter is configured to divert the air flow around the at least one
flow diverter.
10. The inlet system of claim 9, wherein the at least one flow diverter is positioned on
a bottom surface of the inlet system.
11. The inlet system of claim 9, wherein the at least one flow diverter is positioned on
an upper surface of the inlet system.
12. The inlet system of claim 1, further including a screen, wherein a first portion of
the air flow is configured to be diverted around the screen, further wherein a second
portion of the air flow is configured to flow through the screen.
13. The inlet system of claim 1, further including a flow splitter, wherein the flow
splitter is configured to be positioned at a vertical midpoint within the inlet system,
further wherein a first portion of the air flow is configured to flow under the flow splitter
and a second portion of the air flow is configured to flow above the flow splitter.
14. An air inlet system for delivering a flow of air, the system including:
24
a temperature controlling section configured to alter temperature of the air flow,
the temperature controlling section imparting a temperature variation distribution across
different portions of the air flow; and
at least one flow diverter positioned downstream from the temperature controlling
section, the at least one flow diverter extending transverse with respect to a flow direction
of the air flow moving past the at least one flow diverter to divert the air flow around the
at least one flow diverter to cause mixing of the different, temperature variant portions of
the air flow and reduce the temperature variation distribution.
15. The inlet system of claim 14, wherein the at least one flow diverter includes a first
^ ^ flow diverter positioned at a bottom surface of the inlet system, further wherein the at
least one flow diverter includes a second flow diverter positioned at an upper surface of
the inlet system.
16. The inlet system of claim 15, wherein the first flow diverter is configured to
divert colder air upwards over the first flow diverter, further wherein the second flow
diverter is configured to divert warmer air downwards underneath the second flow
diverter.
17. The inlet system of claim 14, further including a screen positioned downstream
from the temperature controlling section, wherein at least a first portion of the air flow is
diverted around the screen and at least a second portion of the air flow is configured to
9 pass through the screen.
18. The inlet system of claim 14, wherein the at least one flow diverter includes a
flow splitter, further wherein the flow splitter is configured to extend between opposing
sides of the inlet system and at least some of the air flow is configured to flow under the
flow splitter and the remaining air flow is configured to flow above the flow splitter.
19. An air inlet system for delivering a flow of air, the system including:
25
a temperature controlling section configured to alter temperature of the air flow,
the temperature controlling section imparting a temperature variation distribution across
different portions of the air flow; and
at least one screen positioned downstream from the temperature controlling
section, the at least one screen extending transverse with respect to a flow direction of the
air flow moving past the at least one screen, at least a first portion of the air flow moves
through the screen to cause turbulence and cause mixing of the different, temperature
variant portions of the air flow and reduce the temperature variation distribution; and
a flow diverter positioned downstream from the temperature controlling section
and within the air flow to divert at least some of the air flow to a first side of the flow
^ ^ diverter and to divert at least some of the air flow to a second side of the flow diverter to
cause turbulence and cause mixing of the different, temperature variant portions of the air
flow and reduce the temperature variation distribution.
20. The inlet system of claim 19, wherein the flow diverter includes a flow splitter,
further wherein the flow splitter includes a non-linear shape.