WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
METHOD OF MAKING NUTRITIONAL EMULSIONS
CONTAINING ENCAPSULATED OILS
5 The present invention relates to a method of making nutritional emulsions
containing process-encapsulated oils in combination with low DE maltodextrins.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nutritional liquids are well known and commercially available for a variety of
10 nutritional or disease specific applications in infants, children and adults. These liquids are
often formulated as oil-in-water emulsions comprising proteins, carbohydrates, and fats,
and typically also vitamins and minerals.
These nutritional liquids have also been used to deliver variety of nutritional
actives such as polyunsaturated fatty acids or fish oils. A growing body of evidence
15 suggests that certain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may be beneficial for
maintaining overall health, and may be useful in treating a variety of human afflictions,
including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, Alzheimer's, ulcers,
cancer, hyperactivity, asthma, and similar other diseases or conditions.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, often have or develop over time objectionable
20 flavors, odors, or both, especially when formulated within a nutritional liquid. When
exposed to heat and atmospheric levels of oxygen, the unsaturated structure of these
polyunsaturated fatty acids reacts to form free radicals. These free radicals can continue
to break down the polyunsaturated fatty acids in an auto-oxidative process, which results
in the development of fishy or other undesirable flavors and odors and the eventual
25 degradation of the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Oxidative stability has become especially challenging when formulating a nutritional
liquid containing the relatively high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids often
needed to obtain a therapeutic response. Allowing even some oxidation in these products
often results in a highly objectionable flavor and aroma, the characteristics of which are
30 often described as fishy, eggy, or otherwise having a rancid flavor or smell, depending
upon the particular polyunsaturated fatty acid used in the formulation.
Methods of controlling the undesirable oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a
nutritional product include processing or manufacturing controls to limit conditions such as
elevated temperatures, exposure to ultraviolet light, exposure to oxygen and other factors
35 that can promote oxidation. All such methods almost always include the concurrent
formulation with one or more anti-oxidant additives such as ascorbic acid or ascorbyl
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
palmitate, tocopherols, beta-carotene, or others. Although these methods are often highly
effective in reducing much of the undesirable oxidation that would otherwise occur, they
are often not as effective when applied to liquid nutritional compositions that contain the
relatively high polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations often needed to achieve a desired
5 therapeutic effect.
It has now been discovered herein that certain nutritional emulsions can be
formulated with little or no detectable off-flavors from high concentrations of
polyunsaturated fatty acids. These emulsions are prepared by (A) heating and blending
together an emulsifying agent having a melt point above about 25°C and a non-
10 encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid in a weight ratio of at least about 1:15; (B) adding
the heated blend to a fat, protein, and carbohydrate mixture comprising a maltodextrin
having a Dextrose Equivalent of about 10 or less, in a weight ratio of the maltodextrin to
the polyunsaturated fatty acid of at least about 1:2; and (0) homogenizing, and then
cooling the combination below the melt point of the emulsifying agent to form a nutritional
15 emulsion comprising from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of process-encapsulated
polyunsaturated fatty acid.
It has also been discovered herein that these methods can be used with most any
oil having hydrophobic off-notes, not just polyunsaturated fatty acids, to effectively
minimize or eliminate off-notes in the final nutritional product.
20
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is therefore directed to a method of making nutritional
emulsions, comprising: (A) heating and blending together an emulsifying agent having a
melt point above about 25°C and an oil having hydrophobic off-notes (e.g.,
25 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in a weight ratio of at least about 1:15; (B) adding the heated
blend to a fat, protein, and carbohydrate mixture comprising a maltodextrin having a
Dextrose Equivalent of about 10 or less, in a weight ratio of the maltodextrin to the oil
having hydrophobic off-notes of at least about 1:2; and (C) homogenizing, and then
cooling the combination below the melt point of the emulsifying agent to form a nutritional
30 emulsion comprising from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of process-encapsulated oil
having hydrophobic off notes.
Nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the method include those
comprising fat, protein, and carbohydrate, including from about 0.01% to about 5% by
weight of an oil having hydrophobic off-notes (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids) that is
35 process-encapsulated in an emulsifying agent having a melt point above about 25°C, and
maltodextrin having a DE value about 10 or less, wherein the weight ratio of the
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WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
emulsifying agent to the process-encapsulated oil is at least about 1:15 and the weight
ratio of the maltodextrin to the oil is at least about 1:2.
It has been discovered herein that this particular method is useful in preparing oilin-
water emulsions that effectively mask the flavor of oils having hydrophobic off-notes
5 (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids). This is accomplished by process-encapsulating the
polyunsaturated fatty acid in selected emulsifying agents, in the manner described herein,
and then combining it with a certain maltodextrins.
It has been discovered herein that to effectively mask the hydrophobic off-notes in
these emulsions, the process encapsulated oils (encapsulated during processing by the
10 high melting point emulsifier) must be used in combination with selected maltodextrins
defined by DE value of about 10 or less.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention includes those steps directed to process
15 encapsulation of oils having hydrophobic off-notes, using selected emulsifying agents,
and then combining the encapsulated oils with selected maltodextrins. These and other
essential or optional elements or limitations of the methods of the present invention are
described in detail hereinafter.
The term "nutritional emulsion" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, refers to
20 oral liquids in the form of oil-in-water emulsions comprising fat, protein, and
carbohydrates, which may be formulated as meal replacement products, nutritional
supplements, or continuous (or intermittent) enteral feedings.
The terms "polyunsaturated fatty acid" or "PUFA" as used herein, unless otherwise
specified, refer to any polyunsaturated fatty acid or source thereof, including short chain
25 (less than about 6 carbon atoms per chain), medium chain (from about 6 to 18 carbon
atoms per chain) and long chain (having at least about 20 carbon atoms per chain) fatty
acids having two or more carbon:carbon double bonds, including n-3 (omega-3) and n-6
(omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The term "process-encapsulated" as used herein refers to the combination of a oil
30 having hydrophobic off-notes and a high melting point emulsifier, wherein the two are
combined to form a liquid intermediate during processing but prior to incorporation into the
nutritional emulsion, and are added in liquid form to one or more of fat, protein, and
carbohydrate intermediate ingredients, to thereafter effectively result in solid
encapsulation of the oil having hydrophobic off-notes by the high melting point emulsifier
35 in the finished product.
3
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
All percentages, parts and ratios as used herein are by weight of the total
composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include solvents or byproducts
that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise
5 specified.
All numerical ranges as used herein, whether or not expressly preceded by the term
"about", are intended and understood to be preceded by that term, unless otherwise
specified.
Any reference to singular characteristics or limitations of the present invention shall
10 include the corresponding plural characteristic or limitation, and vice versa, unless
otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in which the reference
is made.
Any combination of method or process steps as used herein can be performed in
any order, unless otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in
15 which the referenced combination is made.
The method of the present invention, including the nutritional emulsions made in
accordance with the method, may also be substantially free of any optional or a selected
essential ingredient or feature described herein, provided that the remaining formula still
contains all of the required ingredients or features as described herein. In this context,
20 the term "substantially free" means that the selected composition contains less than a
functional amount of the optional ingredient, typically less than 0.1% by weight, and also
including zero percent by weight, of such optional or selected essential ingredient.
The method of the present invention may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially
of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any
25 additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or
otherwise useful in a nutritional or pharmaceutical application.
Method of Manufacture
The method of the present invention is directed to making nutritional emulsions. The
30 method comprises the following steps:
(A) heating and blending together an emulsifying agent having a melt point above
about 25°C and an oil having hydrophobic off-notes, in a weight ratio of at least
about 1:15; and
4
WO 2011/146444
•
PCT/US2011/036761
(B) adding the heated blend to a fat, protein, and carbohydrate mixture comprising a
maltodextrin having a Dextrose Equivalent of about 10 or less, in a weight ratio of
the maltodextrin to the oil having hydrophobic off-notes of at least about 1:2; and
(D) homogenizing and then cooling the combination below the melt point of the
5 emulsifying agent to form a nutritional emulsion comprising from about 0.01% to
about 5% by weight of process-encapsulated oil having hydrophobic off-notes.
The method of the present invention may further comprise any known process
additions or variations known or otherwise suitable for manufacturing nutritional
10 emulsions.
For example, step (B) of the method can be performed by separately preparing a
protein-in-water slurry (majority protein and water), a carbohydrate-mineral slurry (mineral,
carbohydrate including maltodextrin), a protein-in-fat slurry (protein, fat soluble vitamins,
fat) and then having these slurries combined with the heated blend from of step (A) - the
15 heated blend of oil having hydrophobic off-notes and high melting temperature emulsifier.
The resulting blend is then heat processed, homogenized, standardized with any watersoluble
vitamins, flavored, and the resulting nutritional emulsion terminally sterilized or
aseptically processed and filled.
20 Low DE Maltodextrin
The maltodextrin for use in the method of the present invention must have a dextrose
equivalent (DE) of about 10 or less, including from about 1 to about 5, including from
about 2 to about 4, and also including about 3. Suitable maltodextrins are those that are
safe for use in oral nutritional products and that have the requisite DE value.
25 It has been found that only those maltodextrins having the requisite DE value will
effectively work along with the process-encapsulated oil to minimize or eliminate
hydrophobic off-notes associated the oil. It has also been found that DE 3 maltodextrin is
even more effective in minimizing hydrophobic off-notes than either DE 1 or DE 5
maltodextrins.
30 The concentration of maltodextrin in the resulting nutritional emulsion is selected so
that the resulting weight ratio of maltodextrin to polyunsaturated fatty acid (or other oil
having hydrophobic off-notes) is at least about 1:2, preferably from about 1:1 to about
20:1, including from about 2:1 to about 10:1, and also including from about 2.5:1 to about
4: 1. These maltodextrin concentrations most typically range from about 0.1%to about
35 20%, including from about 1% to about 10%, and also including from about 2% to about
7%, by weight of the nutritional emulsion.
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WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
Maltodextrins are known for use in a variety of foods and other nutritional products.
Maltodextrins are partially hydrolyzed starch molecules comprising a series of D-glucose
units linked primarily by (alpha)-1,4 bonds. Although maltodextrins, as an ingredient
class, have DE values of 20 or less, only those having DE values of about 10 or less are
5 suitable for use herein.
DE values are conventional measurements of the average reducing power of
maltodextrin or other polysaccharide as compared to a dextrose standard. DE values are
derived from the formula [ DE = 100 + DP ]. where DP is the degree of polymerization of
the maltodextrin or other material, Le., the number of monosaccharide units in the
10 polysaccharide. Glucose (dextrose) has a DE of 100; starch has a DE of approximately or
close to zero.
The maltodextrins for use herein may also be characterized, in the alternative, in
terms of DP values rather than DE values, wherein the DP value is about 10 or higher,
including from 10 to 250, and also including from 40 to 150.
15 Non-limiting examples of suitable maltodextrins for use herein include STAR-DRI®
1 (DE 1) and STAR-DRI® 5 (DE 5) from AE Staley Mfr. Company, Decatur, Illinois, USA;
and M-40 (DE 5) from Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, Iowa, USA. Other
maltodextrins - those having a DE value greater than 10 - may be added, but only as
optional ingredients in addition to the other required maltodextrin component.
20
Oil Having Hydrophobic Off-notes
The method of the present invention includes, as one of the essential steps, the
heating and blending together of an emulsifying agent having a melt point above about
25°C and oil having hydrophobic off-notes, in a weight ratio of at least about 1:15. The oil
25 having hydrophobic off-notes is then encapsulated by the high melting point emulsifying
agent during the method, and thereafter remains encapsulated within the finished product.
It should be noted that the oil having hydrophobic off notes is not encapsulated
•
prior to formulation, that it becomes encapsulated only during formulation of the nutritional
emulsion.
30 The term "oils having hydrophobic off-notes" as used herein, unless otherwise
specified, means any hydrophobic material that inherently contains off-notes, or otherwise
comprises an ingredient that contributes off-notes to the oil. Examples of oils having
hydrophobic off-notes include polyunsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, beta-hydroxy-betamethylbutyrate
or oils containing it, and combinations thereof. The oil preferably
35 comprises a polyunsaturated fatty acid as described herein.
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WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
The term "off-notes" as used herein refers to any flavor or aroma inherently
associated with an oil or material within oil that a formulator would wish to minimize or
eliminate when formulated into a nutritional emulsion. These off-notes are minimized or
eliminated in nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the methods herein.
5 The concentration of the oil having hydrophobic off-notes within the nutritional
emulsion represents up to about 5%, including from about 0.01% to about 5%, also
including from about 0.3% to about 3%. and also including from about 0.5% to about
2.5%, by weight of the nutritional emulsion.
The oil having the hydrophobic off-notes must be process-encapsulated by the high
10 melting temperature emulsifying agent, wherein the oil having the hydrophobic off-notes
preferably represents from about 50% to 100%, including from about 60% to about 90%,
also including from about 75% to about 85%, by weight of all material so encapsulated
(excluding the high-melting point emulsifying agent). In this context, all other fats within
the nutritional emulsion are preferably formulated into the nutritional emulsion separate
15 from and external to the process-encapsulated oil/emulsify agent combination. In other
words, the high melting temperature emulsifying agent is melted and combined with the oil
having the hydrophobic off-notes prior to formulating it into the nutritional emulsion. The
encapsulation of the oil is achieved during processing when the blend is heat treated
(UHT), homogenized and chilled.
20 Although the oils having hydrophobic off-notes can be added to the nutritional
emulsion in addition to and separate from the process-encapsulated oils having
hydrophobic off-notes, the emulsions are preferably free of such additional oils having
hydrophobic off-notes. In this context. "substantially free" means that the composition
preferably contains less than about 0.1 %. more preferably less than about 0.05%,
25 including zero percent, by weight of such additional oils having hydrophobic off-notes.
including both pre-encapsulated and non-encapsulated forms.
For polyunsaturated fatty acid embodiments of the present invention, the
polyunsaturated fatty acids for use in the nutritional emulsions, made in accordance with
the method of the present invention, include any such fatty acid material, or source
30 thereof. that is suitable for use in oral nutritional products, non-limiting examples of which
include n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and combinations
thereof. Suitable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids include free fatty acids as well as
fatty acid esters such as triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, ethyl esters, and so
forth, including various concentrated forms thereof as well as those in structured lipid
35 form.
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WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
Non-limiting examples of suitable polyunsaturated fatty acids for use herein
include n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3),
stearidonic acid (C18:4n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic
acid (C22:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), and combinations thereof.
5 Sources of such n-3 fatty acids for use herein include flax seed oil, canola oil, transgenic
oils, and fish oil.
Other polyunsaturated fatty acids suitable for use herein include n-6
polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA,
C18:3n-6), eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n-6), arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6), di-homoto
gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3n-6), and combinations thereof, sources of which
include evening primrose oil, borage oil, black currant seed oil, flaxseed oil, transgenic
sources, purified fatty acid sources, and combinations thereof.
High Melting Point Emulsifier
15 The high melting point emulsifiers for use in the method herein include any
emulsifying agent suitable for use in a nutritional product that also has a melt point of at
least about 25°C, preferably from about 30°C to about 75°C, more preferably from about
45°C to about 70°C.
The selected emulsifier and the oil having hydrophobic off-notes are melted
20 together to form a liquid, and this mixture is added to the rest of the nutritional formulation
(e.g. fat-carbohydrate-protein-mineral blend). The resultant blend is then UHT (Ultra High
Temperature) heat-treated and homogenized. The homogenization divides the oil having
hydrophobic off-notes into very small droplets coated with the high melting temperature
emulsifier. When this homogenized blend is cooled to below room temperature, the
25 emulsifier solidifies, thus resulting in encapsulation of the oil having hydrophobic off-notes
(also referred to herein as "process-encapsulated oil).
The amount or concentration of the high melting point emulsifier in the nutritional
emulsions is selected so that the resulting weight ratio of the emulsifier to the oil having
hydrophobic off-notes is at least 1:15, preferably from 1:10 to 1: 1, including from 1:9 to
30 1:2, and also including from 1:5 to 1:2. Such emulsifier concentrations most typically
range from about 2% to about 12%, including from about 4 to about 10%, and also
including from 5 to 8%. by weight of the total oil in the emulsion. It is understood,
however, that even higher concentrations of emulsifier can be used, especially when
additional emulsifier is added for purposes other than encapsulation of the oil having
35 hydrophobic off-notes, e.g., for emulsion stability.
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Suitable high melting point emulsifying agents include monoglycerides or other
monoesters of polyhydric alcohols, including fatty acid esters of glycerol. Non-limiting
examples of some suitable high melting point emulsifiers for use herein include
GRINDSTEDTM ACETEM (acetic acid esters of monoglycerides), GRINDSTEDTM
5 CITREM (citric acid esters of monoglycerides); GRINDSTEDTM LACTEM (lactic acid
esters of monoglycerides); GRINDSTEDTM Mono-Di (mono and diglycerides);
GRINDSTEDTM PGE or PGPR (polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol
polyricinoleate);GRINDSTEDTM PGMS (propylene glycerol esters of fatty acids);
GRINDSTEDTM SMS or STS (sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate); and
10 DIMODAN® distilled monoglycerides; all available from Danisco, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Other suitable high melting point emulsifying agents include MYVEROL® 18-99K,
a distilled monoglyceride comprising a blend of about 82% monoacylglycerols (86.6%
monoolein, 7. 0% monostearin, 3.5% monopalmitin, 0.9% monoarachidin, 2.0%
unidentified), available from Kerry Bio-Science, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA.
15
Macronutrients
Nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the method of the present invention
comprise fat, protein, and carbohydrate macronutrients. Any source of such nutrients
known or otherwise suitable for use in an oral nutritional product is also suitable for use
20 herein, provided that such nutrients are compatible with the selected ingredients in the
formulation.
Although concentrations or amounts of each macronutrient in the nutritional emulsion
may vary depending upon the nutritional needs of the intended user, such concentrations
or amounts most typically fall within one of the following embodied ranges.
25
Embodiments
Macronutrient A B C
Carboh drate - % total calories 10-85 20-60 40-60
Fa? - % total calories 10-85 10-50 15-35
Protein - %total calories 5-80 10-30 15-25
Carboh drate' /100ml 1-40 4-30 10-20
Far /100ml 0.2-30 0.5-15 1-5
Protein /100ml 0.5-30 1-15 2-10
• 1. Includes maltodextnn component
2. Includes oil having hydrophobic off-notes; may also include emulsifying agent (if a fat)
The nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the method herein comprise a fat
30 source, which includes the oil having hydrophobic off-notes (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty
9
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
acid) as described herein. The oil having hydrophobic off-notes may represent all or just
some of the fat source. Non-limiting examples of fats for use herein include (in addition to
oils having hydrophobic off-notes such polyunsaturated fatty acids) coconut oil,
fractionated coconut oil, soy oil (without hydrophobic off-notes), corn oil, olive oil, safflower
5 oil, high oleic safflower oil, MGT oil (medium chain triglycerides), sunflower oil, high oleic
sunflower oil, palm and palm kernel oils, palm olein, canola oil, marine oils, cottonseed
oils, and combinations thereof. The term "fat" as used herein includes both fats and oils,
solid or liquid, unless otherwise specified.
The nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the method comprise a
10 carbohydrate source, which includes the maltodextrin component described herein. The
maltodextrin may represent all or just some of the carbohydrate source. Non limiting
examples of carbohydrates for use herein include additional hydrolyzed or modified starch
or cornstarch, glucose polymers, corn syrup, corn syrup solids, rice-derived carbohydrate,
glucose, fructose, lactose, high fructose corn syrup, indigestible oligosaccharides (e.g.,
15 fructooligosaccharides), honey, sugar alcohols (e.g., maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol), and
combinations thereof.
The nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the method comprise a protein
source suitable for use in a nutritional emulsion. Proteins or protein sources suitable for
use herein include hydrolyzed, partially hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed proteins or protein
20 sources, and can be derived from any known or otherwise suitable source such as milk
(e.g., casein, whey), animal (e.g., meat, fish), cereal (e.g., rice, corn), vegetable (e.g.,
soy), or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of such proteins include milk protein
isolates, casein protein isolates, milk protein concentrate, whole cows milk, partially or
completely defatted milk, soy protein isolates, and so forth.
25
Qptionallngredients
The method of the present inventing may further comprise the addition of other
optional components that may modify the physical, chemical, aesthetic or processing
characteristics of the nutritional emulsions or serve as pharmaceutical or additional
30 nutritional components when used in the targeted population. Many such optional
ingredients are known or otherwise suitable for use in other nutritional products and may
also be used in the methods herein, provided that such optional ingredients are safe and
effective for oral administration and are compatible with the essential and other ingredients
in the selected product form.
35 Non-limiting examples of such optional ingredients include preservatives,
antioxidants, other additional emulsifying agents, buffers, pharmaceutical actives.
to
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
additional nutrients as described herein, sweeteners including artificial sweeteners (e.g.,
saccharine, aspartame, acesulfame K. sucralose) colorants, flavors, thickening agents
and stabilizers, and so forth.
The methods of the present invention may further comprise the addition of any of a
5 variety of other vitamins or related nutrients, non-limiting examples of which include
vitamin A, vitamin O. vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine. riboflavin. pyridoxine, vitamin 812,
carotenoids, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline, inositol, salts
and derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
The methods may further comprise the addition of any of a variety of other additional
10 minerals, non-limiting examples of which include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron,
zinc, manganese, copper, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, chromium, chloride, and
combinations thereof.
EXAMPLES
15 The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention,
including nutritional emulsions made in accordance with the methods of the present
invention. These examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to
be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are
possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
20 Each nutritional emulsion described below is prepared by separately formulating a
protein-in-water slurry, a carbohydrate and mineral slurry, and an oil fiber slurry. The oil
having the hydrophobic off-notes (e.g., fish oils) and emulsifier blend is prepared
separately by heating and blending the two together at a temperature sufficient to melt the
solid emulsifier, to thus form a heated liquid blend. The formed slurries are then
25 combined to form a single mixture, and thereafter the fish oil and emulsifier blend (as a
heated liquid) is added to the single mixture. The resulting combination is then heat
processed, homogenized, standardized with any water-soluble vitamins. flavored. and the
resulting nutritional emulsion terminally sterilized or aseptically processed and filled and
allowed to cool. Each of the resulting composition comprises oil having hydrophobic off-
30 notes, now encapsulated in the solid emulsifier.
Ingredients used in preparation of the exemplified embodiment are listed in the
following table. The finished emulsion is orally administered, on a daily basis, to
individuals as a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. in an amount sufficient to
provide sole or supplement nutrition to the targeted users. These Individuals fail to detect
35 any off-flavors or odors associated with the fatty acid component, during or within two
hours following consumption.
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WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
Amount Amount
Nutritional Emulsion 1000 kJl.t-__....,. -==J ,-... _
Ingredient Amount
Sodium caseinate (92%
rotein
10.8 kg 10.8 kg 10.8 kg 10.8 kg
ALANATE® 166 (92% protein)
partially hydrolyzed sodium
caseinate, New Zealand Milk
Products, Santa Rosa, CA.
USA
5.64 kg 5.64 kg 5.64 kg 5.64 kg
30.8 kg 30.8 kg 30.8 kg 30.8 kg
lii%;~,ih\'(&'<0hh!&i~'@;¥1i;;h·t'b;'n0ii\%Tea~';;J,jlivlliSlt8'[iiii:.:iliml~JiIJiI"U"~i§t,<$gNJ±0R,;n'KLnbiJ0;:.:z.:..:;::=::.wt~1 ~ fLU.:."!~ " u U.. \=" ~\:»:.::::::-a"M:i.0.W::A':':;::-'J-,-..,w..;1.~'"\t.>.;.0..~~\~.
Water 194.5 kg 194.5 kg 194.5 k 194.5 kg
STAR·DRI® DE-1 45.45 kg -- 45.45 kg 45.45 kg
Maltodextrin. AE Staley Mfr.
Company, Decatur. IL, USA
Allapro 4900 (84% protein)
Milk protein isolate, New
Zealand Milk Products
••
34.36 kg
28.00 kg
22.55 kg
••
22.55 kg
34.36 kg
28.00 kg
22.55 kg
34.36 kg
28.00 kg
-- 45.45 kg
22.55 kg
34.36 kg
28.00 kg
Maltitol s rup (70% solids)
Fructose crystalline
MALTRIN® M-200, corn syrup
solids. Grain Processing
Co~, Muscatine. lA, USA
Fructooligosaccharides 12.73 kg 12.73 kg 12.73 kg 12.73 kg
Maltodextrin DE·5
M~nesium phosphate dibasic 1.10 kg 1.10 kg 1.10 kg 1.10 kg
Sodium citrate 2.40 kg 2.40 kg 2.40 kg 2.40 kg
Potassium chloride 1.20 kg 1.20 kg 1.20 kg 1.20 kg
~Tr;.;.;ic;.;;:a.;.;;lc.;.;;iu;;.:.m.:...!p=::-h:...:.o..:JsPc..:.h:..::a..:..:te'--- __-t-_0~.~89~9,..,k,.;.>g!...--t--:0,..;.,.8:-,:9~9..,..g..-.k.+---::0..:..:.8:-,:9~9-:-:~--+-----=-0-=-=.8-=-99:-k:-,-"g'--l
Calcium carbonate 0.802 kg 0.802 kg 0.802 k 0.802 kg ---l-,......"...,,....,,.....,.--"'---i
AVICEL® (microcrystalline 0.526 kg 0.526 kg 0.526 kg 0.526 kg
cellulose), FMC Biopolymer,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
~M..;;;;ag~n.;.;;e~si:..::u;.:.;m~c..:..:h:...:.lo.:.:,rid.::...:e=---:-::----:---+_0~.~80~2",",k,.;.>g!...--t--:0,..;.,' 8:-,:0,-72..,..k.g...-+---::0..:...:8.:...:::0,-72...,:.;.~--+---::0..:..::.8:...:::0~2.;,.::kg~
Potassium phosphate dibasic 0.350 kg 0.350 kg 0.350 k 0.350 kg
Choline chloride 0.343 kg 0.343 kg 0.343 kg'--t--:0:-:.3:-:4-="3"7'"k><-g-
Trace and ultra trace mineral 0.269 kg 0.269 kg 0.269 kg 0.269 kg
remix
Potassium citrate 0.549 kg 0.549 kg 0.549 kg 0.549 kg
Marine oil (Mochida·Nissui)
«50% Orne a-3 Sardine Oil 1
MYVEROL® 18·06 Grindsted
Products 2
Soy oil
8.0 kg
8.0 kg
--
8.0 kg
8.0 kg
--
••
8.0 kg
8.0 kg .."
,
12
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
1. Provides 3.93 kg polyunsaturated fatty aCIds, Including docosahexaenolc aCid
2. Emulsifying agent - melting point 69-75°C
Canola Oil 1.58 kg 1.58 kg 1.58 kg 1.58 kg
High Oleic Safflower Oil 9.41kg 9.41kg 9.41kg 9.41 kg
Soy Lecithin 0.732 kg 0.732 kg 0.732 kg 0.732 kg
Vitamin E 0.072 kg 0.072 kg 0.072 kg 0.072 kg
Lutein 0.050 kg 0.050 kg 0.050 kg 0.050 kg
cVoitranmoinil A Palmitate (54% in 0.0078 kg 0.0078 kg 0.0078 kg 0.0078 kg
Vitamin DEK 0.047 kg 0.047 k 0.047 k 0.047 k
WiIOJli8(iifl(i , -lriIltJlflavJSii'Etillb'ii' Vj'F""""',),:!i'4~T" ,'11P£'i"'"',~~.r:;l12?:"2"'TifW"'lw\"ellt?"''J!Wj",", j ~ • t~· : l:&~:::l}.Jr.Mf% f"% .\.~: ~;ilif ii k!IJW" T y. ~~y r '{Qh~~ '&tt.'·~E·~'··:1~~w [~8: I~~.:. "ill0 I,J't.:it':,:-.' lli • .:..0.: I. .. . _.. , .~. _ . ~ ., . .•. I. "'<'.1 ..,. ~ 1., ~ ,j.;.••
Water 7.55 k 7.55 k 7.55 kg 7.55 kg
Ascorbic Acid 0.424 kg 0.424 k 0.424 kg 0.424 kg
Liquid Sucralose (25%) 0.300 kg 0.300 k 0.300 k 0.300 k
Vitamin Premix 0.071 kg 0.071 kg 0.071 kg 0.071 kg
Choline chloride 0.343 k 0.343 kg 0.343 k 0.343 kg
RaspbeBYflavor 2.3 k 2.3 k 2.3 k 2.3 k
FD&C Red #3 0.003 k 0.003 k 0.003 k 0.003 k
FD&C Blue #1 .00035 kg .00035 k .00035 kg .00035 kg
Dilution Water 55 kg 55 kg 55 kg 55 kg
• • • • • •
13

WO 2011/146444
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
PCT/US2011/036761
1. A method of making a nutritional emulsion, said method comprising:
5 (A) heating and blending together an emulsifying agent having a melt point above
about 25°C and a non-encapsulated oil having hydrophobic off-notes in a weight
ratio of at least about 1:15; and
(B) adding the heated blend to a fat, protein, and carbohydrate mixture comprising a
maltodextrin having a Dextrose Equivalent of about 10 or less, in a weight ratio of
10 the maltodextrin to the oil having hydrophobic off-notes of at least about 1:2; and
(C) homogenizing, and then cooling the combination below the melt point of the
emulsifying agent to form a nutritional emulsion comprising from about 0.01% to
about 5% by weight of a process-encapsulated oil having hydrophobic off-notes.
15 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the oil having hydrophobic off-notes is selected
from the group consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, beta-hydroxy-betamethylbutyrate
containing oil, and combinations thereof.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the oil having hydrophobic off-notes is a
20 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the weight ratio of emulsifying agent to the
process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid is from 1:9 to 1:2 and the weight ratio of
maltodextrin to process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid is from 1:1 to 20:1.
25
5. A method according to claim 3 wherein the weight ratio of emulsifying agent to the
process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid is from 1:5 to 1:2 and the weight ratio of
maltodextrin to process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid is from 2.5:1 to 4:1.
30 6. A method according to claim 3 wherein the nutritional emulsion comprises from about
0.3% to about 3% by weight of the process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty acid.
7. A method according to claim 3 wherein the nutritional emulsion is substantially free of
polyunsaturated fatty acids other than the process-encapsulated polyunsaturated fatty
35 acid.
14
WO 2011/146444 PCT/US2011/036761
8. A method according to claim 3 wherein the emulsifying agent has a melt point of from
about 45°C to about 70°C.
9. A method according to claim 3 wherein the emulsifying agent is a monoglyceride.
5
10. A method according to claim 3 wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid includes
eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or both.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the nutritional emulsion comprises from about
10 0.1 to about 20% of the maltodextrin and the maltodextrin has a DE of from about 1 to
about 5.
12. A method according to claim 1 wherein the maltodextrin has a DE value of about 3.
15 13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the nutritional emulsion comprises, as a
percentage of total calories, from about 10% to about 85% carbohydrate, from about 10%
to about 85% fat, and from about 5% to about 80% protein.
20
15