METHOD, SYSTEM, AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING ACCESS TO WORKBOOK MODELS THROUGH REMOTE FUNCTION CALLS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is related to US Patent Application No 10/306,937 filed November 26, 2002 and entitled "USER-DEFINED SPREADSHEET FUNCTIONS", which is expressly incorporated herein by reference
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Much of the utility of a spreadsheet application program lies in the ability of a user to capture data and algorithmic operations in an organized structure, such as a worksheet (also referred to herein at a "spreadsheet") without the need for professional computer programmuig capabilities A non-programmer user can specify complex data relationships, including summing operations, amortization operations and so on, without learning a programming language The non-programmer can utilize the capabilities of the spreadsheet application program in mis manner to model complex numerical and financial relationships
One of the problems with defining complex models within a spreadsheet application program is that the models are not encapsulated or labeled to support use by other users In order to allow other users to access the model, it is typically necessary to employ the services of a programmer to code the model using a computer programming language The compiled version of the model can then be published and utilized by other users Coding a model in a programmuig language, however, requires the services of a skilled programmer and can therefore be very time consuming and expensive
Alternatively the workbook (a collection of worksheets or spreadsheets) containing the model may simply be shared with other users in a traditional manner, such as via a file share or through electronic mail However, sharing a workbook containing a model in a traditional manner exposes the implementation of the model to each user that accesses the workbook It may be desirable to hide the implementation of
a model from the user, for instance, where the implementation of the model includes proprietary algorithms and calculations, but where it is still necessary to allow users to utilize the model Current spreadsheet application programs do not provide a facility for allowing access to the model without permitting access to the underlying implementation
It is with respect to these considerations and others that the various embodiments of the present invention have been made
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, the above and other problems are solved by a method system, and apparatus for providing .access to workbook models through remote function calls Through the use of the embodiments of the invention, it is possible to share a workbook (a "workbook model" or "model') with other users without the need to code the model in a traditional programming language Moreover, the workbook model is exposed for use without exposing the underlying implementation of the model
According to one aspect of the invention, a system is provided for providing access to workbook models through remote function calls According to one embodiment, the system includes a client computer capable of executing a spreadsheet application program for creating a workbook The workbook may include one or more cells having data stored therein and may mclude application-provided or third-party pluggable functions used to define a model Workbooks may also contain objects that bring data from external data sources (such as query tables or pivot tables) and may also contain calls to other workbook functions Zero or more cells within the workbook may be defined as inputs to the model and one or more cells within the workbook may be defined as outputs from the model
The spreadsheet application program may also be operative to receive a user request to make the workbook model available via one or more remote function calls In response to such a request, the spreadsheet application program is operative to receive data from the user defining the new workbook function In particular, the user
may provide a name for the function and define the inputs, if any, and at least one output from the function For instance, the user may identify the cells within the workbook that should be utilized as inputs to the function and provide a name for each input Inputs may have default values and potentially be defined as optional (1 e if they are not passed then the default is used) The user may also identify the cells within the workbook that should be utilized as outputs from the function and provide a name for each output The user may also specify a server location at which the new workbook function should be published Once the user has provided this data, the workbook and the data defining the function may be published to a server computer that is operative to receive and respond to remote function calls for the published workbook function
The spreadsheet application program is further operative to call a remote workbook function from withm the context of a workbook The inputs to a remote function may be identified as cells within the workbook or parameters within a sub-formula Once this information has been provided, the spreadsheet application program is operative to make a remote function call to the workbook function with the provided inputs The remote function call may comprise a web services call made utilizing the simple object access protocol ("SOAP") Other types of remote functions calls may also be utilized
When a response is received at the spreadsheet application program from the remote function, the spreadsheet application program is further operative to receive the outputs from the function The spreadsheet application program may place the outputs from the function into the cells within the workbook identified by the user for the function outputs or may utilize the outputs within a sub-formula In this manner, a model may be defined within a workbook, published to a server computer, and called without exposing the underlying implementation of the model to the calling application
According to aspects of the invention, the system also includes a server computer operative to execute a server program for receiving and responding to remote function calls directed toward workbook functions In particular, the server computer is operative to receive and store workbooks and function definitions associated with the workbooks that define remote functions calls that may be made directed toward the
workbook The function definitions identify the name of the workbook function, a description of the parameters that should be used as inputs for the function, and a description of the parameters that should be used as outputs for the function The server computer is also operative to expose the workbook functions so that the functions may be discovered by the clients that wish to make a remote call Once the workbook functions have been exposed client applications may discover and call the workbook functions through the use of remote function call
When a call is received at the server computer for a workbook function, the server computer is operative to load the workbook Once the workbook has been loaded, the server computer populates the cells in the workbook identified as inputs with input parameters received with the function call If the workbook contains a reference to another data source, any data necessary to recalculate the workbook may be retrieved from the data source pnor to the recalculation References to other workbook functions may also be called Once the workbook has been recalculated, the server computer is operative to retrieve from the workbook the contents of the cells defined as outputs for the function The data contained in these cells is then returned as a reply to the remote function call Any type of application that supports remote function calls may be utilized to call the workbook function on the server computer in this manner including calls received from other server computers It should be appreciated that a single computer may be utilized to perform the functionality of both the client and server computers as described herein
The invention may be implemented as a computer process, a computing apparatus, or as an article of manufacture such as a computer program product or computer readable media The computer program product may be a computer storage media readable by a computer system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process The computer program product may also be a propagated signal on a earner readable by a computing system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process
These and various other features, as well as advantages, which characterize the present invention, will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and a review of the associated drawings
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a computer network diagram illustrating aspects of several computer systems utilized in and provided by the various embodiments of the invention,
FIGURE 2 is a computer system architecture diagram illustrating aspects of a client computer system utilized in and provided by the various embodiments of the invention,
FIGURE 3 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a process for publishing a workbook function to a server computer according to one embodiment of the invention,
FIGURE 4 is a screen diagram illustrating an aspect of the invention for providing a facility through which a user can define input and output cells for a workbook function according to one embodiment of the invention,
FIGURE 5A and SB are flow diagrams illustrating aspects of processes for defining and calling a workbook function via web services according to one embodiment of die invention, respectively,
FIGURE 6 is a screen diagram illustrating an aspect of (he invention for providing a facility through which a user can define the cells to be utilized as inputs and outputs when calling a workbook function via a remote function call,
FIGURE 7 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps performed by a server computer when receiving and responding to remote function calls for workbook models according to one embodiment of the invention, and
FIGURE 8 is a screen diagram illustrating the contents of a workbook following a call to a workbook function via a remote function call
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like elements, various aspects of the present invention will be descnbed In particular, FIGURE 1 and the corresponding discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which embodiments of the invention may be implemented While the invention will be descnbed in the general context of program modules that execute in conjunction with program modules that run on an operating system on a personal computer, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may also be implemented in combination with other types of computer systems and program modules
Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, and other types of structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including handheld devices multiprocessor systems microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like The mvention may also be practiced in distnbuted computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network In a distnbuted computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices
Referring now to FIGURE 1, an illustrative operating environment for the several embodiments of the mvention will be descnbed As shown in FIGURE 1, a network 10 interconnects a client computer 2 and several server computers 12A-12C It should be appreciated that the network 10 may compnse any type of computing network, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as the Internet The network 10 provides a medium for enabling commumcation between the client computer 2, the server computers 12A-12C, and potentially other computer systems connected to or accessible through the network 10
The client computer 2 comprises a general purpose desktop or laptop computer capable of executing one or more application programs In particular,
according to the various embodiments of the invention, the computer 2 is operative to execute a spreadsheet client application 4 As known to those skilled in the art, the spreadsheet client application program 4 provides functionality for creating budgets, performing financial forecasting, and other finance and numeric-related tasks In order to provide this functionality, data values may be organized using cells and the relationships between the cells may be defined using formulas A change to one cell produces changes to related cells Spreadsheet programs usually provide graphing capabilities for output and a variety of formatting options for text, numeric values, and graph features
According to embodiments of the invention, the spreadsheet client application 4 may be utihzed to create a workbook 6 The workbook 6 is a file that is created by a spreadsheet program that contains one or more worksheets (a worksheet may also be referred to herein as a "spreadsheet") A worksheet is a single page organized into rows and columns within the spreadsheet program and appearing on screen Through the use of these features, a user can create models of financial and numerical problems and solutions Additional details will be provided below as to how such workbook models may be published and then utihzed through the use of Temote function calls
It should be appreciated that, according to one embodiment of the invention, the spreadsheet client application 4 comprises the EXCEL spreadsheet application program from MICROSOFT CORPORATION of Redmond, Washington It should be appreciated, however, mat the various aspects of the invention descnbed herein may be utihzed with other spreadsheet application programs from other manufacturers Moreover, although the inventive aspects described herein axe presented in the context of a spreadsheet application program, it should be appreciated that other types of application programs may also be utilized to embody the various aspects of the invention
According to other embodiments of the invention, the client computer 2 may also be operative to execute a program 8 compatible with the simple object access protocol ("SOAP") As will be described in greater detail below, workbook models
may be published to the server computer 12A The server computer 12A may then expose the workbook models to external callers through the use of remote function calls For instance, through the use of web services, calls may be made to a workbook function exposing the workbook model In one embodiment, the web service call may comprise a remote function call utilizing the SOAP protocol The SOAP call may be made by the spreadsheet client application 4 or by the SOAP-compatible program 8 The SOAP-compatible program 8 may comprise any application or programming language capable of making a SOAP remote procedure call
It should further be appreciated that in an alternative embodiment, the functions of the computer 2 described above may be divided among two computing devices For instance, one computing device may be operative to execute the spreadsheet apphcation 4 for publishing a workbook function while the other computing device may be operative to execute a client application, such as the SOAP-compatiblc program 8, for calling the workbook function The client application may also be divided into one application that authors the workbook that calls the function and into another that actually performs the call For example, the second one might be a server which runs the workbook that calls the workbook function
The spreadsheet server application 13 comprises a server-based application program that may execute without the use of a display screen (headless) The spreadsheet server application 13 is operative to perform many of the functions of the spreadsheet client application 4 on a server computer For instance, the spreadsheet server application 13 can load and calculate a workbook 6 As will be descnbed herein, the spreadsheet server apphcation 13 also provides functionality for receiving a workbook and data describing a workbook function The spreadsheet server application 13 also exposes the workbook functions to outside callers and receives and responds to remote function calls Additional details regarding the vanous functions performed by the spreadsheet client application 4 and the spreadsheet server application 13 will be provided below with respect to FIGURES 2-8
Referring now to FIGURE 2, an illustrative computer architecture for a computer 2 utilized in the vanous embodiments of the invention will be descnbed The
computer architecture shown in FIGURE 2 illustrates a conventional desktop or laptop computer, including a central processing unit 5 ("CPU"), a system memory 7, including a random access memory 9 ("RAM") and a read-only memory ("ROM") 11, and a system bus 12 that couples the memory to the CPU 5 A basic input/output system containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer, such as during startup, is stored in the ROM 11 The computer 2 further includes a mass storage device 24 for storing an operating system 18, application programs, and other program modules, which will be described in greater detail below
The mass storage device 24 is connected to the CPU 5 through a mass storage controller (not shown) connected to the bus 12 The mass storage device 24 and its associated computer-readable media provide non-volatile storage for the computer 2 Although the description of computer-readable media contained herein refers to a mass storage device, such as a hard disk or CD-ROM drive, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer 2
By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data Computer storage media includes, but ts not limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks ("DVD"), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer 2
According to various embodiments of the invention, the computer 2 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to remote computers through a network 10, such as the Internet The computer 2 may connect to the network 10 through a network interface unit 20 connected to die bus 12 It should be appreciated that the network interface unit 20 may also be utilized to connect to other
types of networks and remote computer systems The computer 2 may also include an input/output controller 22 for receiving and processing input from a number of other devices, including a keyboard, mouse, or electronic stylus (not shown in FIGURE 2) Similarly, an input/output controller 22 may provide output to a display screen, a printer or other type of output device
As mentioned briefly above, a number of program modules and data files may be stored m the mass storage device 24 and RAM 9 of the computer 2 including an operating system 18 suitable for controlling the operation of a networked personal computer, such as the WINDOWS XP operating system from MICROSOFT CORPORATION of Redmond, Washington The mass storage device 24 and RAM 9 may also store one or more program modules In particular, the mass storage device 24 and the RAM 9 may store a spreadsheet client application 4 and a SOAP-compatible program 8, as described above The mass storage device 24 and RAM 9 may also store a workbook 6 created by the spreadsheet client application 4
It should be appreciated that the server computers 12A-12C may include many of the conventional computing components illustrated in FIGURE 2 and described above Additionally, the server computer 12 A may be operative to store and execute a spreadsheet server application 13 The file server computer 12C may be operative to store and execute a file server application 28 for receiving and responding to requests for files stored in the repository 14, such as a workbook 6 It should be appreciated that the server computers 12A-12C may include other conventional components not illustrated m FIGURE 2 but known to those skilled in the art
Referring now to FIGURE 3, an illustrative routine 300 will be described illustrating a process performed by the spreadsheet client application program 4 for publishing a workbook model to a server computer as a workbook function When reading the discussion of the routines presented herein, it should be appreciated that the logical operations of various embodiments of the present invention are implemented (1) as a sequence of computer implemented acts or program modules running on a computing system and/or (2) as interconnected machine logic circuits or circuit modules within the computing system The implementation is a matter of choice dependent on
the performance requirements of the computing system implementing the invention Accordingly, the logical operations illustrated in FIGURES 3,5, and 7, and making up the embodiments of the present invention described herein are referred to variously as operations, structural devices, acts or modules It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that these operations, structural devices, acts and modules may be implemented in software, m firmware, in special purpose digital logic, and any combination thereof without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention as recited within the claims set forth herein
The routine 300 begins at operation 302, where a user utilizes the spreadsheet client application 4 to author the workbook 6 In particular, as described herein, the user may utilize the various facilities provided by the spreadsheet client application 4 to author a workbook containing a model As defined herein, the term workbook model comprises a workbook authored in such a manner as to perform a numerical analysis and that includes one ore more cells that may be utilized as inputs for the model and one or more cells that provide the outputs from the model The various functions and methodologies that may be utilized within a spreadsheet client application 4 to create a workbook model are virtually unlimited and well-known to those skilled in the art
From operation 302, the routine 300 continues to operation 304, where the spreadsheet client application 4 determines whether a user has made a request to publish the workbook model to the server computer 12A as a workbook function If the user has not made such a request, the routine 300 returns to operation 302 where the user may continue to author the model If the user does request to publish the workbook model, the routine 300 continues to operation 306
At operation 306, the spreadsheet client application 4 receives from the user a name for the workbook function The name identifies the workbook which contains the function and the function itself within the workbook The name may be utilized later by a calling application to identify the requested remote function call Once the name has been received, the routine 300 continues to operation 308 where one or more cells may be identified by the user as the inputs to the function At operation
310, the user may provide a text name for the inputs For instance, a user may select a cell within the workbook to identify the cell as an input and then provide the name * Asset Price' to identify the input Once the input cells and their names have been identified by the user, the routine 300 continues from operation 310 to operation 312
At operation 312, one or more cells may be identified by the user as the outputs from the function At operation 314, the user may provide a text name for each of the outputs For instance, at operations 312 and 314 a user may select a cell within the workbook to identify the cell as an output and then provide the name "Call Value' to identify the output Once the output cells and their names have been identified by the user, the routine 300 continues from operation 314 to operation 316
From operation 314, the routine 300 continues to operation 316, where the workbook 6, including data defining the designated workbook function, is published to the spreadsheet server application 13 For instance, publication of the workbook 6 may include uploading the workbook 6 to the server computer 12A or programrnatically generating a spreadsheet and sending it to the server computer 12A through a server application program interface ("API") When the workbook 6 is published to the spreadsheet server application 13, the workbook 6 is stored in the repository 14 The spreadsheet server application 13 is also notified of the existence of the workbook 6 and the workbook functions defined within the workbook may then be exposed via web services The data identifying the name of the workbook function and the input and output cells and their names is also published to the server 12A with the workbook
Once the workbook 6 has been propagated to the repository 14 and analyzed by the spreadsheet server application 13, client applications, such as the SOAP-compatible program 8 or the spreadsheet client application 4, may be utilized to call the workbook function on the server computerl2A Additional details regarding the vanous functions perfonned by the spreadsheet client application 4 to call the function and performed by the spreadsheet server application 13 in order to expose the workbook function and to receive and respond to function calls will be descnbed in
greater detail below with respect to FIGURES 5-8 From operation 316, the routine 300 continues to operation 318 where it ends
Referring now to FIGURE 4, an illustrative user interface will be described for publishing a workbook model that includes a workbook function The user interface 30 shown m FIGURE 4 may be provided to a user in response to a user request to publish a workbook function to the server computer 12A The user interface 30 may show a portion of the current worksheet 32 Each of the cells shown within the current worksheet 32 may be selected by the user to either identify the cell as an input to the function or as an output from the function
In order to assist in the definition of the inputs to the workbook function, a user may select one or more cells within the current workbook 32 The user may then select the user interface button 36 to add the selected cell as a new input The user may then enter a name for the input into the list box 34 In this manner, a user may define as many cells as necessary of the current workbook 32 as inputs to the workbook function Similarly, the user may select one or more cells of the current workbook 32 and then select the user interface button 40 to designate the cells as outputs from the function The list box 38 may then be utilized to provide a name for each of the input arguments The example illustrated in FIGURE 4 shows a workbook 32 that defines a model for calculating call and put values for options The cells C2-C7 have been defined as inputs and cells F2-F3 have been defined as outputs
The user interface 30 shown in FIGURE 4 may also provide a text box 42 into which a name for the function may be typed by the user The user may also provide a text descnption of the function in the text box 44 Finally, the user may identify the location at the server computer 12A at which the new workbook function should be published in the text box 46 Once the user has provided this information, the button 48 may be selected to pubhsh the workbook, including the metadata describing the workbook function, to the server computer 12A
Turning now to FIGURE SA, an illustrative routine 500 will be described illustrating the operation of the spreadsheet client application 4 for defining and publishing a workbook function exposed by the server computer 12A As discussed
previously, it should be appreciated that the spreadsheet client application 4 is described herein as calling the workbook function However, the workbook function may also be called by any other type of computer program that is compatible with remote function calls For instance, other server computers, custom program code, other types of applications programs, and many other types of computer programs
The routine SOO begins at operation 502, where a user utilizes the spreadsheet client application 4 to author a workbook in the manner described above From operation 502, the routine 500 continues to operation 504, where the spreadsheet client application 4 determines whether a user has made a request to utilize a workbook function available from the server computer 12A If the user has not made such a request the routine 500 returns to operation 502 where the user may continue to author the model If the user does request to utilize a remote workbook function, the routine 500 continues to operation 506
At operation 506, the name of the requested function is received from the user A list of available workbook functions and then* parameters may be discovered and retrieved from the server computer 12A Once the user has identified the remote workbook function to be utilized, the routine 500 continues to operation 508, where the user selects the workbook cells that should be utilized as inputs to the workbook function In particular, the user assigns one cell to each of the inputs of the function The data in the assigned cells may then be provided as inputs to the function when the remote function call is made At operation 510, the user selects the workbook cells where outputs from the function should be placed in a similar manner The routine 500 then continues to operation 511, where it ends
Turning now to FIGURE 5B, an illustrative routine 550 will be described for calling a workbook function via a web services call The routine 550 begins at operation 511, where data from the input cells along with the respective names of the input parameters for the function call are retrieved At operation 512, the web-services call is placed to the requested function At operation 514, the spreadsheet client application 4 receives a response from the server computer 12A including the outputs from the function call At operation 516, the received outputs are placed into the
workbook at the cell locations defined by the user for outputs FIGURE 8 shows a portion of the workbook 70 As described above, the cells 72 and 74 were defined as containing the outputs from the workbook function As shown in FIGURE 8, the values calculated by the workbook function that were returned to the spreadsheet client application 4 have been placed into the appropriate cells of the workbook 70 From operation 516, the routine 550 continues to operation 518, where it ends
Referring now to FIGURE 6. an illustrative user interface will be described for generating a remote function call to a server-hosted workbook function The user interface 50 shown m FIGURE 6 is displayed by the spreadsheet client application 4 in response to a request by a user to utilize a remote workbook function The user interface 50 includes a display of the current workbook 52, including one or more cells of the workbook
The user interface 50 also includes a list box 56 that identifies each of the inputs to the requested workbook function The user may select any of the cells of the workbook 52 and then select the button 58 to assign the cell to an input of the function Similarly, the list box 68 identifies by name each of the outputs of the function The user may select any of the cells of the workbook 52 and the button 62 to assign cells of the workbook to the outputs of the function Once the user has assigned cells of the workbook 52 to each of the inputs and outputs, the user may select the user interface button 64 to place the desired remote function call
Turning now to FIGURE 7, an illustrative routine 700 will be described illustrating the operation of the spreadsheet server application 13 for receiving and responding to calls directed toward a workbook function exposed via web services The routine 700 begins at operation 702, where the spreadsheet server application 13 exposes the available workbook functions Once the spreadsheet server application 13 has exposed the various workbook functions, a client application such as the SOAP-compatible program 8 or the spreadsheet client application 4 may discover the available functions and issue calls directed to a specific function
The routine 700 continues from operation 702 to operation 704, where the spreadsheet server application 13 receives a remote function call directed toward a
specific workbook function The call includes data identifying each of the inputs to the function and providing values for each of the inputs From operation 704, the routine 700 continues to operation 706, where the spreadsheet server application 13 loads the workbook 6 containing the workbook function to which the received call was directed Once the workbook 6 has been loaded by the spreadsheet server application 13, the routine 700 continues to operation 708, where the spreadsheet server application 13 populates the appropriate cells of the loaded workbook with the inputs provided with the web services call The routine 700 then continues from operation 708 to operation 710
At operation 710, the spreadsheet server application 13 determines whether the workbook 6 includes a reference to another data source or another workbook function For instance, as described briefly above, the workbook may include a reference to a data source, such as the data source 16 If the workbook 6 includes a reference to another data source, the routine 700 branches to operation 712, where the spreadsheet server application 13 queries the data source 16 for any data needed to calculate the workbook 6 Once this data is received by the spreadsheet server application 13, the workbook 6 is updated with the received data
If at operation 710, it is determined that the workbook 6 does not include a reference to another data source, the routine 700 continues to operation 714 At operation 714, the spreadsheet server application 13 recalculates the contents of the workbook 6, including calculation of the workbook function From operation 714, the routine 500 continues to operation 716, where the spreadsheet server application 13 retrieves the contents of cells of the workbook model that were identified as outputs when the workbook function was defined The routine 700 then continues to operation 718, where the spreadsheet server application 13 prepares a web services reply that includes the data from the outputs of the woikbook function At operation 720, the reply is transmitted to the client computer 2 as a response to the initial web services request The client computer 2 may then place die received output data into the appropriate cells in the manner described above The routine 700 then continues from operation 720 to operation 722, where it ends
Based on the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the vanous embodiments of the invention include a method, system, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for exposing and calling workbook functions via web services The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended

We claim:
. 1. A method for accessing a workbook model through a remote function call, the method comprising:
providing a facility for defining the workbook model;
associating metadata with a workbook function, the metadata comprising a description of the workbook function;
receiving a request to make the workbook model available through a remote function call, the request including data defining the workbook function; and
publishing the workbook model, the associated metadata comprising the description of the workbook function, and the data defining the function to a server computer operative to receive and respond to remote calls for the function.
2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the data defining the function comprises a name for the function.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein the data defining the function comprises the identity of one or more workbook cells that should be utilized as inputs to the function and a name corresponding to each cell.
4. The method of Claim 3, wherein the data defining the function comprises the identity of one or more workbook cells that should be utilized as outputs for the function and a name corresponding to each cell.
5. The method of Claim 4, further comprising placing a remote function call to the server computer with one or more input parameters and receiving from the server computer one or more output parameters.
6. The method of Claim 4, further comprising:
receiving a request to call a remote workbook function from within the context of a second workbook;
in response to the request, receiving the identity of the remote workbook function to be called, the identities of one or more cells in the second workbook to be used for inputs to the remote workbook function, and the identities of one or more cells in the second workbook where outputs from the remote workbook function should be placed;
making a remote function call to the remote workbook function with the contents of the one or more cells to be used for inputs;
in response to the call, receiving one or more outputs from the remote workbook function; and
placing the outputs received from the remote workbook function in the one or more cells where outputs from the remote workbook function should be placed.
7. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, will cause the computer to perform the method of Claim 1.
8. A computer-controlled apparatus capable of performing the method of Claim 1.
9. A method for providing access to a workbook function through a remote function call, the method comprising:
receiving a workbook, a function definition for the workbook, and metadata describing the function, the function definition comprising the name of the workbook function, a description of one or more cells in the workbook that should be used as inputs for the workbook function, and
a description of one or more cells in the workbook that should be used as outputs for the function;
receiving a remote function call directed toward the workbook function, the remote function call including one or more input parameters;
loading the workbook;
populating the one or more cells in the workbook that should be used as inputs for the workbook function with the input parameters;
calculating the workbook;
retrieving the contents of the one or more cells in the workbook that should be used as outputs for the function; and
returning the contents as a reply to the remote function call.
10. The method of Claim 9, further comprising prior to calculating the
workbook:
determining whether the workbook includes a reference to an external data source or another workbook function; and
in response to determining that the workbook includes a reference to an external data source or another workbook function, querying the data source for any referenced data and populating the workbook with the data.
11. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a computer, will cause the computer to perform the method of Claim 9.
12. A computer-controlled apparatus capable of performing the method of Claim 9.
13. A system for accessing a workbook model through a remote function call, the system comprising:
a client computer operative to provide a facility for defining the workbook model, to receive a request to make the workbook model available through a remote function call, the request including a function definition, to associate metadata with the function
definition, the metadata comprising a description of the function, and also operative to
publish the workbook model, the metadata associated with the function definition, and the function definition to a server computer operative to receive and respond to remote calls for the function; and
a server computer operative to receive the workbook model, the function definition, and the metadata comprising the description of the function associated with the function definition from the client computer, to receive a remote function call including one or more input parameters, to load the workbook, to populate cells specified in the function definition with the input parameters, to calculate the workbook, to retrieve the contents of one or more cells specified by the function definition that should be used as outputs for the function, and to return the contents of the cells as a reply to the remote function call.
14. The system of Claim 13, wherein the function definition a name for the function, the identity of one or more workbook cells that should be utilized as inputs to the function and a name corresponding to each cell, and the identity of one or more workbook cells that should be utilized as outputs for the function and a name corresponding to each cell.
15. The system of Claim 14, wherein prior to calculating the workbook, the server computer is further operative to:
determine whether the workbook includes a reference to an external data source; and
in response to determining that the workbook includes a reference to an external data source, to query the data source for any referenced data and populating the workbook with the data.