Claims:The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims:

Claims:
1. A method of designing the array antenna in an improving the Bandwidth and gain of the antenna.
a) Designing tha AVA antenna to achieve the optimized Vivaldi antenna design, the key parameters, which serves as the milestone of the antenna.
b) Beginning 5.2 GHz to 2.4 GHz, the planned antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and a lower frequency improvement.
c) The thickness of the substrate plays significant role in inducing cross polarization.
d) Designed antenna provides a minimum cross polarization reduction of 15 dB in in cooperation E Plane and H Plane.
2. As per claim 1, The optimal values of the Cavity to Taper Length ( l_t), Aperture Width, Opening Rate (w_ap), Slot Line Width ( w_s), Cavity diameter(d), Cavity to Taper Spacing (s), Ground Plane Length(l) and Ground Plane Width (w) for planned and the outdated model.
3. According to claim 1 As a novelty, the fine-tuning of the antenna parameters are achieved with a novel optimization algorithm referred as IGWO-FU, which is the conceptual improvement of GWO.
4. As per claim 1, in terms of gain, VSWR, directivity, charge and current distribution, and return loss, the designed IGWO-FU model is compared to the performance of other traditional algorithms.
5. As per claim 1, Moreover, at the frequency value= 7e^9, the IGWO-FU is 52%, 8%, 40% and 4% superior to the traditional models like ABC, DE, ABC-DE and PSO, respectively at tilt angle of 45% in terms of VSWR.
6. As per claim 1, At tilt angle of 0^0, The IGWO-FU in terms of gain is 30%, 5.2%, 7.3% and 15.7% better than the traditional models like DE, ABC-DE, ABC and PSO, respectively at frequency= 7e^9. As a result of the evaluation, it is proved that the system IGWO-FU model has improved the optimized AVA's gain performance. , Description:Field of Invention
The present invention relates to, copyright marking of a Array Antennas. The antenna plays a vital role for Signal transmission and reception. In this regard designing of array antennas is a vital task. The invention relates the design and development of array antenna with IGWO-FU. Hence the reduce the the radiation losses and thickness issues from the antenna.
Background of the invention
Designed compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for making the directional UWB communications feasible with reduced radar cross section (RCS). A BALUN taper was introduced in the ground plane as well as in the circular slots of different diameters in the wings of the AVA to enhance the impedance characteristics of the traditional AVA. Then, from AVA, the authors have discarded the orthogonal radiations and the resultant was upgrading in the RCS performance of the antenna by the wing slots. The monostatic RCS performance was further enhanced by introducing the drills of suitable diameter. The prototype of the antenna was fabricated and tested in real time and the resultant was found to be correlated with the measurement results. Amutha Muniyasamy,et.al, [2019], International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 99,pp.369-375. The constructed a portable miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna and measured the performance of it. The Prototype Structure of Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna was designed on ASTRA_MT77 substrate and AVA was constructed initially with square microstrip patch length. The designed AVA exhibits satisfactory characteristics such as small size, fractional bandwidth, and low cross-polarization of less than -15 dB and maximum return loss of -31 dB at an operating frequency of 7.368 GHz(Dvorsky, et.al., [2019], International Journl of Antenna and Wave Propagation,2019, Article ID 7472186).
Introduced new Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) Antipodal Vivaldi antenna with higher radiation performances. The directivity of themodel was improved by placing the Zero-index meta-materials units along with the Meander-line shape in the antenna aperture. The model was fabricated using meta-materials and the resultant exhibited a good agreement with simulation. Over the larger frequency range, an improved gain of 4dB in the E and H planes were achieved with similar beam widths (Mohamed-Ali Boujemaa,et.al.,[2018] , Appl. Phys.124,pp.1-7).
An novel designed of four elements ultra wideband (UWB) antipodal Vivaldi antenna(AVA) array for radar and microwave imaging applications. On the basis of the elliptical curve shape, the design of the radiation ares of AVA was accomplished. Then, the authors have shaped the substrate end in the triangular shape and they have incorporated the negative index metamaterial (NIM) into AVA aperture to make it act as a director. The designed antenna element was designed and fabricated, the resultant of the simulation exhibited better consistency in between the computed and simulated return loss. In addition to this, in the linear antenna array configuration, four UWB Vivaldi antennas were implied along the z-axis along the z z-axis. The gain of designed model was enhanced to 6dB(Osama M. Dardeer, et.al., [2016],International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,7(5), pp.1169-1174).
The objective of this invention is an attempt has been made in the current work to improve the microstrip patch antenna's bandwidth, radiation pattern, and gain based on optimization techniques. Propose and construct an Vivaldi antenna has been tweaked to boost gain and efficiency bandwidth performance. Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm for Optimal Parameter Tuning. The IGWO algorithm was solving real problems. The main aim of this work is optimization of MSA using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm has been improved (IGWO) in order to satisfy the situation of huge demand, improving the gain, radiation efficiency, return loss and low cost for antenna design
Description of Prior Art
The invention proposes a method and system for predicting wind speed based on an IGWO-SVM model, with the method including the steps: (1) For the decomposed functions, the EEMD is utilised for wind speed data, and a training set and a test set of the EEMD are created separately. (2) providing a Levy flying strategy to perform global search on a wolf position, enhancing a wolf algorithm, initialising a wolf population using logistic chaos, allowing the population to have variety, and upgrading a wolf algorithm. (3) establishing a wind speed prediction sub-model of the IGWO-SVM model for each function obtained after decomposition; (4) sending each training set into an IGWO-SVM model and searching for an SVM optimal parameter combination, (5) and (3) respectively sending each test set into an SVM model containing the optimal parameter combination (c, g) for calculation, and combining and superposing the wind speed predicted values The invention enhances wind speed prediction accuracy.( CN113486572A).
An ultra wideband antenna with a double-trapped wave characteristic is revealed in the utility model. Military and civic communication terminal devices can use the ultra wideband antenna. The antenna is made up of a medium substrate, a radiation paster, a microstrip feeder, and a grounding plate, with the radiation paster connected to the microstrip feeder and the radiation paster and grounding plate printed on the two sides of the medium substrate, respectively. The unique ultra wideband antenna's working bandwidth can be altered, the passband matching characteristic is good, and the centre frequency and trapped wave bandwidth of the ultra wideband antenna's trapped wave may be adjusted.(CN202373694U).
The current invention is a mobile communication terminal with an ultra wideband internal antenna that cuts off frequencies in a certain frequency range while processing ultra wideband communications. A first radiation portion, a second radiation part, a feeding part, and a ground part make up the ultra wideband internal antenna. The first radiation component is constructed of a metal plate mounted on the top surface of a dielectric substrate and includes at least one cut part and an internal slot, which are formed by cutting away a lower corner portion of the metal plate. While being connected to the first radiation part, the second radiation part is produced in the slot of the first radiation part.( US7116276B2)
A monopole antenna extends from a ground plane in an ultra-wideband antenna for operating in a frequency. At the lowest frequency f1, the monopole has an effective length L of one quarter wavelength. The monopole antenna is surrounded by a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for resonating at substantially between or at two and three times the lowest frequency f1. The DRA has a height of less than 34 L and is disposed above the ground plane, either contacting or spaced from it by a gap G, wherein 0G0.2 H. The ultra-wideband antenna has a substantially larger bandwidth than the monople or DRA's combined bandwidth. (US6940463B2)

Summary of the invention
In the present innovative invention, is addressed to marking fashion of the copyright information in cross-layered structure and also the marking information is clustered into odd and even coordinates elements and its fetched in to two medium level band of the wavelet coefficient. Two Scaling factors are product with the copyright images to reduce the weight of the integer values and increase the place of decimal values.In this method the removal of copyright mark from the cover image and claiming ownership of the third party is very difficult and also this approaches is more robust against the image processing attacks.
Detailed description of the invention
Mirjalili made a streamlining calculation that imitated dark wolves chasing and looking. The fittest arrangement in the numerical model is known as alpha (α), the subsequent best is beta (β), and the third best is known as delta (δ). A few of the leftover applicant arrangements are thought to be omegas (ω). During the looking (streamlining) and chasing, these three dim wolves will direct the entirety of the omegas.
At the point when a prey is discovered, the cycle starts (t = 1). The alpha, beta, and delta wolves will at that point lead the omegas to seek after and in the long run enclose the prey. To portray the enclosing conduct, three coefficients A , C and D are designed.
(1)

(2)

(3)

Where t denotes the current iteration, is the location vector of the grey wolf, and , and are the beta, delta, and alpha wolves position vectors. Would be calculated as follows

(4)

(5)

(6)
(7)
The limitations and are combinations of the regulatory parameter a and the random numbers → and
(8)
(9)

Theoretically, if , the omega wolves would run left from the prey and explore more space, which is known as a total search in optimization, as the grey wolves flee from the dominants. And if , They approach the dominants, meaning that the omega wolves would follow the dominants as they approach the prey, which is known as a local search in optimization. While iterations are being approved out, the controlling parameter is defined to decline linearly from a maximum rate of 2 to zero:
(10)
Where N is the maximum number of iterations.
The maximum quantity of iterations is N, which is determined by the users at the start. The total number of iterations is what it's called.
There are three stages to the application procedure: a) The presented difficulties are comprehended and quantitatively characterised, and a few basic parameters are determined; b) Randomly, a pack of grey wolves appears across the whole space area; c) The alpha and other dominant grey wolves in the pack are in command of the hunt, pursuit, and encirclement of the prey. When the victim is encircled by grey wolves and stops moving, the hunt is over, and assaults commence.
The standard WOA is a lot easier and solid streamlining calculation that can track down the worldwide ideal arrangement by dismissing the neighborhood ideal arrangement. WOA, then again, experiences untimely intermingling and may get caught in nearby optima while taking care of complex issues. Thus, the current WOA is changed in a promising manner to accomplish the goal of work.
As said previously, the choice to receive wire boundaries is ideally tuned by another IGWO-FU calculation, and the info took care of to the designed calculation is delineated in Fig. The fundamental goals of this exploration are to augment the radio wire acquire (Ga) of reduced AVA using improved boundaries. The numerical articulation of the characterized target work (Obj) is given in Eq.
(11)
Brief description of Drawing
In the figures which are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Figure 1 Illustration of geometry of Simple Vivaldi antenna
Figure 2 3D pattern of Vivaldi antenna at the rotating angle of (a) 0°(b) 30° °(c) 45°°(d) 90°
Figure 3 Polar plot exhibiting the directivity of optimized antenna for traditional and designed IGWO-FU at (a) tilt angle= (b) tilt angle= , (c) tilt angle= and (d) tilt angle= .
Figure 4. Current distribution of optimized AVA for traditional and designed IGWO-FU at (a) tilt angle= (b) tilt angle = ,(c) tilt angle= and (d) tilt angle= .
6 Claims & 4 Figures
Detailed description of the drawing
As described above the present invention relates to copyright fetching.
Figure 1 gives the view about the The Simple Vivaldi antenna is then designed to satisfy the necessities of directional UWB communication in order to make the antenna’s appropriate for stealth solicitations. The goal of the current research is to “decrease RCS over the operational bandwidth by optimising antenna parameters such as taper length(lt), Aperture Width, Opening Rate (wap), Slot Line Width ( ws), Cavity diameter(d), Cavity to Taper Spacing (s), Ground Plane Length(l), and Ground Plane Width (w).”
Figure 2. depicts a diagrammatic depiction of the 3D tilt angle pattern at various angles. Figures (a), (b), (c), and (d) demonstrate the tilt of the antenna at angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 90°, respectively. The output, frequency, extreme value, smallest value, elevation and azimuth are all specified for each tilt.
Figure 3. illustrates the result of The polar plot. In graphically shows the directivity of the IGWO-FU over traditional models like ABC, PSO, DE, and ABC-DE for different tilt angles at the specific frequency = Fig (a) depicts the polar plot at tilt angle = , Fig (b) shows the polar plot polar plot at tilt angle = , Fig (c) shows the polar plot at tilt angle = and Fig (d) depicts the polar plot at tilt angle =.
Figure 4. The antenna's surface current distribution is also vital in achieving the objective, so it's essential to investigate it carefully. The absolute value of the current on the antenna's surface at the specific frequency = is computed using the current distribution. Figure 4 shows the current distribution of the IGWO-FU over the traditional model on the antenna's metal surface. Fig 4 (a), Fig 4(b), Fig 4(c), Fig 4(d) and Fig 4 (e) manifests the current distribution of ABC, ABC-DE, PSO, DE and IGWO-FU on the antenna metal surface.