METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ASPECTS OF A DOSE DETECTION SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to techniques for an electronic dose detection system for a medication delivery device, and in particular to techniques for detecting a connection to a medication deliverry device, determining the type of medication delivery device, and monitoring battery life.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Patients suffering from various diseases must frequently inject themselves with medication. To allow a person to conveniently and accurately self-administer medicine, a variety of devices broadly known as pen injectors or injection pens have been developed. Generally, these pens are equipped with a cartridge including a piston and containing a multi-dose quantity of liquid medication. A drive member is movable forward to advance the piston in the cartridge to dispense the contained medication from an outlet at the distal cartridge end, typically through a needle. In disposable or prefilled pens, after a pen has been utilized to exhaust the supply of medication within the cartridge, a user discards the entire pen and begins using a new replacement pen. In reusable pens, after a pen has been utilized to exhaust the supply of medication within the cartridge, the pen is disassembled to allow replacement of the spent cartridge with a fresh cartridge, and then the pen is reassembled for its subsequent use.

[0003] Many pen injectors and other medication delivery devices utilize mechanical systems in which members rotate and/or translate relative to one another in a manner proportional to the dose delivered by operation of the device. Accordingly, the art has endeavored to provide reliable systems that accurately measure the relative movement of members of a medication delivery device in order to assess the dose delivered. Such systems may include a sensor which is secured to a first member of the medication delivery device, and which detects the relative movement of a sensed component secured to a second member of the device.

[0004] The administration of a proper amount of medication requires that the dose delivered by the medication delivery device be accurate. Many pen injectors and other medication

delivery devices do not include the functionality to automatically detect and record the amount of medication delivered by the device during the injection event. In the absence of an automated system, a patient must manually keep track of the amount and time of each injection. Accordingly, there is a need for a device that is operable to automatically detect the dose delivered by the medication delivery device during an injection event. Further, there is a need for such a dose detection device to be removable and reusable with multiple delivery devices. In other embodiments, there is a need for such a dose detection device to be integral with the delivery device.

[0005] It is also important to deliver the correct medication. A patient may need to select either a different medication, or a different form of a given medication, depending on the circumstances. If a mistake is made as to which medication is in the medication delivery device, then the patient will not be properly dosed, and records of dose administration will be inaccurate. The potential for this happening is substantially diminished if a dose detection device is used which automatically confirms the type of medication contained by the medication delivery device.

SUMMARY

[0006] The present disclosure relates to techniques for a dose sensing module that can be removably attached to a medication delivery device. The techniques can include determining whether the dose sensing module is attached to the medication delivery device. Such techniques can, for example, ensure that the dose sensing module only senses, processes, and/or reports events detected when attached to a medication delivery device (as opposed to accidental activation when the dose sensing module is not coupled to a medication delivery device), and can be used to determine when the dose sensing module is changed to a new medication delivery device. The techniques can also include detecting the color of a portion of a medication delivery device to determine the medication contained in the medication delivery device. Such techniques can, for example, ensure a patient is administering the correct medication to avoid mistakes as to which medication is in the medication delivery device. The techniques can further include monitoring the battery life of the battery in the dose sensing module. Such techniques can, for example, allow a user or patient to monitor

the battery life in a manner that allows the patient to know well-ahead of time, in a reliable manner, when the battery will die so that the user or patient can properly plan ahead.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Additional embodiments of the disclosure, as well as features and advantages thereof, will become more apparent by reference to the description herein taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale. Moreover, in the figures, like-referenced numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.

[0008] FIG. 1A is a diagram of an exemplary system, according to some embodiments.

[0009] FIG. IB depicts a block diagram of the controller and its components, according to some embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 1C is a diagram of an exemplary system, according to some embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method for determining a color associated with an object, according to some embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method for generating calibration parameters, according to some embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method for determining a battery indication, according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary medication delivery device with which the dose detection system of the present disclosure is operable.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the exemplary medication delivery device of FIG. 5.

[0016] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the proximal portion of the exemplary medication delivery device of FIG. 5.

[0017] FIG. 8 is a partially-exploded, perspective view of the proximal portion of the exemplary medication delivery device of FIG. 5, together with a dose detection system of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 9 is a side, diagrammatic view, partially in cross section, of a dose detection system module according to another exemplary embodiment attached to the proximal portion of a medication delivery device.

[0019] FIGS. 10A-B and 11A-B show yet other exemplary embodiments of dose detection systems utilizing magnetic sensing.

[0020] FIG. 12 is an axial view of yet other exemplary embodiment of the dose delivery detection system utilizing magnetic sensing.

[0021] FIG. 13 shows an exemplary computerized method for determining whether the apparatus is removably coupled to a medication injection device, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended.

[0023] The present disclosure relates to sensing systems for medication delivery devices. In one aspect, the sensing system is for determining whether the sensing system is mounted to a medication delivery device. The inventors have discovered and appreciated that it can be desirable to have a dose sensing system be removably coupled to a medication delivery device. However, the inventors have discovered and appreciated that given the various hardware, firmware and/or software desired to be included in such dose sensing systems, and a desire to keep the dose sensing system small, user friendly, and limited to only include components with a low likelihood of failure due to repeated use, it can be challenging to also incorporating additional components (e.g., switches, latches, and/or the like) to detect when the dose sensing system is connected to a medication delivery device. The techniques described herein provide for leveraging existing components of the dose sensing device to determine whether the dose sensing device is coupled to a medication delivery device. For example, a dose sensing device can include sensors (such as Hall effect sensors) and related hardware and/or software to determine the size of a dose administered by the medication

delivery device. The techniques can leverage such hardware and/or software used to perform dose detection to also determine whether (or not) the dose sensing system is coupled to a medication delivery device.

[0024] In a second aspect, the sensing system is for determining the type of medication contained within the medication delivery device. As described herein, the inventors discovered and appreciated that issues can occur without being able to determine the medication within the medication delivery device. For example, an incorrect medication can be administered to a patient, which can result in an improper patient dosing, cause incorrect dose administration records, and/or the like. The techniques described herein provide for sensing the color of a component of the medication being administered by the medication delivery device, where the color is indicative of the type of medication. In some embodiments, the techniques leverage one or more light emitting diodes and a light sensor to illuminate the applicable colored component and process the illumination data to match the color to a stored set of colors and associated medications.

[0025] In a third aspect, the sensing system is for monitoring the battery life of the sensing system. The inventors discovered and appreciated that determining the remaining battery life of a battery is complicated by various factors, such as temperature, relaxation time, duration of use, load variation, battery brand, battery variability, and other parameters. The inventors developed techniques to monitor the battery based on the dose sensing device architecture and in a manner that incorporates other relevant data, such as temperature. The techniques can provide for battery life estimations that adjust the measurement process in a manner that avoids errors that could otherwise be caused by existing battery measurement techniques.

[0026] By way of illustration, the medication delivery device is described in the form of a pen injector. However, the medication delivery device may be any device which is used to set and to deliver a dose of a medication, such as an infusion pump, bolus injector or an auto injector device. The medication may be any of a type that may be delivered by such a medication delivery device.

[0027] While various embodiments have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible.

Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are examples, not the only possible embodiments and implementations. Furthermore, the advantages described above are not necessarily the only advantages, and it is not necessarily expected that all of the described advantages will be achieved with every embodiment.

[0028] Devices described herein, such as a device 10, may further comprise a medication, such as for example, within a reservoir or cartridge 20. In another embodiment, a system may comprise one or more devices including device 10 and a medication. The term “medication” refers to one or more therapeutic agents including but not limited to insulins, insulin analogs such as insulin lispro or insulin glargine, insulin derivatives, GLP-1 receptor agonists such as dulaglutide or liraglutide , glucagon, glucagon analogs, glucagon derivatives, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), GIP analogs, GIP derivatives, oxyntomodulin analogs, oxyntomodulin derivatives, therapeutic antibodies and any therapeutic agent that is capable of delivery by the above device. The medication as used in the device may be formulated with one or more excipients. The device is operated in a manner generally as described above by a patient, caregiver or healthcare professional to deliver medication to a person.

[0029] FIG. 1A is a diagram of an exemplarry system 120, according to some embodiments. The system 101 includes a sensing system 103 in communication with a remote computing device 104 through the communication unit 106 (e.g., via a wired and/or wireless connection). The communication unit 106 can be, for example, a WiFi transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver, an RFID transceiver, a USB transceiver, a near-field communication (NFC) transceiver, a combination chip, and/or the like.

[0030] As described further herein, the sensing system 103 can be configured to determine illumination data indicative of a color of an object. The sensing system 103 includes a processing unit 108 (e.g., an MCU), in communication with a light sensor 110 and a control unit 112. The light sensor 110 is in optical communication with the object 116 (e.g., a portion of a medication delivery device). In some embodiments, the light sensor 110 is an Ambient Light Sensor (ALS), e.g., working in reflective mode. The LED driver 112 is in communication with a set of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 114A, 114B and 114C (collectively LEDs 114) in optical communication with the object 116. For example, the

LEDs 114 can include a red LED, a blue LED, and/or a green LED. The light sensor 110, the LEDs 114, or both, are optionally in optical communication with the object 116 through an optional light guide 118. The light guide 118 can be a transparent light guide, such as a Makrolon 2458 LightGuide. In some embodiments, the color sensor is made of separate LEDs, a single package RGB LEDs, or a combination thereof.

[0031] FIG. IB illustrates a detailed example of the electronics assembly of the sensing module, referred to as 1400, which can be included in any of the modules described herein. MCU is programmed to achieve the electronic features of the module. MCU includes control logic operative to perform the operations described herein, including detecting a connection to a medication delivery device, determining the type of medication delivery device, obtaining data used for determining a dose delivered by a medication delivery device, and monitoring the battery life of the medication delivery device. The MCU may be operable to obtain data by detecting and/or determining the amount of rotation of the rotation sensor fixed to the flange, which is determined by detecting the magnetic field of the rotation sensor by the sensing elements of the measurement sensor, such as, for example, Hall Effect sensors, of the system.

[0032] Assembly 1400 includes MCU that can be operably coupled to one or more of dose sensors 1402A-E, memory 1408, identification sensor 1404, counter 1414, light driver 1411 and light indicators 1412, power-on module 1406, communication module 1410, display driver/di splay 1416, power source 1418, and presence module 1420. Assembly 1400 may include any number of dose sensors, such as, for example, five magnetic sensors 1402A-E (shown) or six sensors. The dose sensors can be used to determine the total units of rotation of components within the medication delivery device that can be used to determine an administered dose amount (e.g., as discussed further herein in conjunction with FIGS. 5-12), and can also be used to detect a connection to the medication delivery device. MCU may be configured via the presence module 1420, shown in this embodiment to be optional by dashed lines, to determine via the triggering of the presence switch system whether the module is coupled to the device's button. MCU is configured to determine the color of the dose button via the identification sensor 1404, and in some examples, associate the color data determined onboard, or off board with an external device (e.g., remote computing device 104), the color corresponding to a particular medication (e.g., using the LEDs 114, as discussed further herein). MCU is configured to determine triggering of the wake-up switch in order to power on the electronic assembly for use, shown as power-on module 1406. In one example, the total rotation may be communicated to an external device that includes a memory having a database, look up table, or other data stored in memory to correlate the total rotational units to an amount of medication delivered for a given medication identified. In another example, MCU's may be configured to determine the amount of medication delivered. MCU may be operative to store the detected dose in local memory 1408 (e.g., internal flash memory or on-board EEPROM). MCU is further operative to wirelessly transmit a signal representative of device data, such as, for example, (any one or any combination thereof) the rotational units, medication identification (such as color) data, timestamp, time since last dose, battery charge status, module identification number, time of module attachment or detachment, time of inactivity, and/or other errors (such as for example dose detection and/or transmission error, medication identification detection and/or transmission error), to a paired remote electronic device, such as a user's smartphone, over a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) or other suitable short or long-range wireless communication protocol module 1410, such as, for example, near-field communication (NFC), WiFi, or cellular network. Illustratively, the BLE control logic and MCU are integrated on a same circuit. In one example, any of the modules described herein may include the display module 1420, shown in this embodiment to be optional by dashed lines, for indication of information to a user. Such a display, which may be LEDs, LCD, or other digital or analog displays, may be integrated with proximal portion finger pad. MCU includes a display driver software module and control logic operative to receive and processed sensed data and to display information on said display, such as, for example, dose setting, dosed dispensed, status of injection, completion of injection, date and/or time, or time to next injection. In another example, MCU includes a LED driver 1411 coupled to one or more LEDS 1412, such as, for example, RGB LED, Orange LED and Green LED, used to communicate by sequences of on-off and different colors to the patient of whether data was successfully transmitted, whether the battery charge is high or low, or other clinical communications. Counter 1414 is shown as a real time clock (RTC) that is electronically coupled to the MCU to track time, such as, for example, dose time. Counter 1414 may also be a time counter that tracks seconds from zero based on energization. The time or count value may be communicated to the external device.

[0033] In some embodiments, as discussed further in conjunction with FIGS. 8-12, the sensing system 103 is configured to be connected to a medication delivery device. In some embodiments, the object 116 is a portion of a medication delivery device (e.g., a button, a label, a color of an external compartment, etc.) that can be used to identify an aspect of the medication delivery device based on the color of the object 116. For example, the color of the object 116 can be indicative of a type of medication of the medication delivery device.

[0034] FIG. 1C is a diagram of an exemplary system 130, according to some embodiments. The system 130 includes aspects of a dose detection system, including sensing system 132 in communication with a remote computing device 134 through the communication unit 136 (e.g., via a wired and/or wireless connection). As described further herein, the sensing system 132 can be configured to determine a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of the battery 138. The apparatus 132 includes a processing unit 140 in communication with the communication unit 136, the battery 138 and the temperature sensing unit 142.

[0035] The exemplary aspects of a dose detection system described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A-1C are shown for exemplary purposes to highlight various aspects of dose detection systems. Aspects shown in FIGS. 1A-1C can be combined into a single apparatus, such as the dose delivery detection system 80 described in conjunction with FIGS. 8-12, and can be implemented using, for example, the various exemplary configurations discussed in conjunction with those figures.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the sensing system 103 is configured to determine the color of the object (e.g., the button of a pen medication delivery device). In some embodiments, the sensing system determines the object color by switching on in sequence the LEDs 114, and reading back the reflected beams through a wide spectra ambient light sensor 110. The sensing system 103 can generate various values, such as three values for each of three LEDs 114. The sensing system 103 can process the generated values to generate a final color value for matching. The sensing system 103 can check the final color value against a predefined set of colors to determine whether there is a match.

[0037] FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method 200 for determining a color associated with an object, according to some embodiments. A processor, such as the processing unit 108 of the sensing system 103, can execute computer readable instructions that cause the processor to perform the method 200. At step 202, the sensing system obtains illumination data of an object illuminated by a set of LEDs. The sensing system can optionally process the illumination data at steps 204 and/or 206 to generate processed illumination data. At step 204, the sensing system optionally adjusts the illumination data based on the temperature. At step 206, the sensing system optionally normalizes the illumination data. At step 208, the sensing system causes the light sensor to capture illumination data of the object while the object is illuminated by the set of LEDs. At step 208, the sensing system transmits the processed illumination data to a remote device (e.g., via a communication module in communication with the processor of the apparatus). At step 210, the remote device determines whether the illumination metrics match a stored set of colors. If the remote device determines a match, at step 212 the remote device outputs the matched color (e.g., to a program, to a display, etc.). If the remote device does not determine a match, at step 214 the remote device outputs that a color match was not found (e.g., by returning an error code, a no match code, and/or the like).

[0038] Referring to step 202, the sensing system can be configured to capture first illumination data when the object is not illuminated by the set of LEDs, second illumination data when the object is illuminated by each LED of the set of LEDs, or both. For example, the apparatus can be configured to capture illumination data for the object when the object is illuminated just by ambient light when the LEDs are not turned on. In some embodiments, the sensing system can include an exposure time during which to capture the dark illumination data.

[0039] As another example, if the set of LEDs comprises different color LEDs, the apparatus can be configured to capture illumination data of the object when the object is illuminated by each LED. For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, in some embodiments the apparatus includes a red LED 114A, a blue LED 114B, and a green LED 114C. The apparatus can be configured to coordinate the light sensor 110 and the LED driver 112 to coordinate lighting the LEDs 114 and capturing illumination data such that the light sensor 110 captures illumination data when the object is illuminated by the red LED 114A (and not the other LEDs), illumination data when the object is illuminated by the blue LED 114B, and illumination data when the object is illuminated by the green LED 114C. In some embodiments, the sensing system can be configured to use an exposure time during which to capture the illumination data, which can be the same for each LED and/or different for one or more LEDs.

[0040] Referring to step 204, the illumination data can be adjusted based on temperature. In some embodiments, the temperature is taken of the ambient air, the sensing system, and/or of the medication delivery device. In some embodiments, the sensing system can capture a plurality of temperature measurements and average the values to determine and averaged temperature to use for adjusting the illumination data. In some embodiments, the sensing system can adjust each illumination data value (X) using Equation 1 :

rgbTempX=rgbX * (1 -TempCoefficientX * (Temp-CalTemp)) (Equation 1)

Where:

• rgbTempX is the adjusted illumination data value determined for each color, such as a red value, a green value, and a blue value, depending on which color Equation 1 is being computed for;

• rgbX is each original illumination data value, such as a red value, a green value, and a blue value;

• TempCoefficientX is a temperature coefficient for each value, which can allow the various temperature measurements to be tracked using one coefficient (e.g., since there may be performance drift in different temperature measurements);

• CalTemp is a temperature measured during calibration of the sensing system, which can be used to account for temperature variation (e.g., for non-calibration measurements); and

• Temp is the measured (e.g., averaged) temperature.

[0041] Referring to step 206, the sensing system can normalize the (temperature adjusted) illumination data based on the dark illumination data captured without illumination of the LEDs. In some embodiments, the sensing system can normalize the illumination data based on one or more illumination measurements determined during calibration. For example, Equation 2 can be used to normalize each illumination data value (X):

(Equation 2)

Where:

• bNormX is the normalized illumination value, such as the red, green or blue normalizated value, depending on which color Equation 2 is being computed for (in percent, multiplied by 100);

• whiteX represents illumination values, such as the red, green and blue values, obtained during the calibration phase when using a white target object (described further in conjunction with FIG. 3);

• blackX represents illumination values, such as the red, green and blue values, obtained during the calibration phase when using a black target object (described further in conjunction with FIG. 3);

• calDark is a dark illumination value (with the LEDs off) determined during the calibration phase (described further in conjunction with FIG. 3); and

• darkValue is the dark illumination value determined during step 202.

[0042] Referring to step 210, the remote device can be configured to determine lightness A B (LABc) values. The system can determine the LABc values based on any of the illumination values, whether it be the raw illumination data or illumination data that is temperature adjusted and/or normalized illumination data. For illustrative purposes, the following examples refer to normalized illumination data for simplicity. The A value can be calculated depending on the normalized illumination values. For example, depending on whether

rgbNormRed determined using Equation 2 is greater than rgbNormGreen, then one of either Equations 3 or 4 is used to determine the A value:

(Equation 3)

(Equation 4)

[0043] The B value can also be calculated depending on the normalized illumination values. For example, depending on whether rgbNormBlue determined using Equation 2 is greater than rgbNormGreen, then one of either Equations 5 or 6 is used to determine the B value.

For equations 3-6, Kn is a coefficient used for the RGB to LABc transformation so that the A and B values will be in the range of -100 to 100, and that L is in the range 0 to 100 (e.g., 20, 21.5, 23, etc.).

(Equation 5)

(Equation 6)

[0044] The L value can be calculated using Equation 7:

(Equation 7)

[0045] In some embodiments, the remote device can include a table of metrics used for determining whether the illumination data meets a color. The remote device can include a set of colors (e.g., grey, blue, dark blue, red, and/or other colors), where each color has an associated set of data. The data associated with each color can include average data and/or sigma variation data determined during calibration and/or design of the system. In some embodiments, each color can include an average for each of the A, B and L values and a sigma variation value for each of the A, B and L values. The remote device can determine the sigma distance for the illumination data and each color in the stored set of colors. For example, Equation 8 can be used to determine the sigma distance for each color in the set of colors:

(Equation 8)

Where:

• SigmaDistanceX is the sigma distance for the color (X) under consideration from the set of colors;

• For the real-time measurement:

o L is calculated using Equation 7;

o A is calculated using either Equation 3 or 4;

o B is calculated using either Equation 5 or 6;

• For the color (X) under consideration:

o mLX is the average of the L value for color (X);

o sLX is the sigma variation of the L value for color (X);

o mAX is the average of the A value for color (X);

o sAX is the sigma variation of the A value for color (X);

o mBX is the average of the B value for color (X); and

o sBX is the sigma variation of the B value for color (X).

[0046] The remote device can determine whether the illumination data matches a color in the set of colors using the sigma distances. For example, the remote device can select the minimum among the sigma distance values (Mini) as the most likelihood matched color. The second smallest value (Min2) can be used for a match color check, as discussed further herein.

[0047] The sensing system and/or remote device can be configured to perform one or more checks for the illumination data. For example, the dark illumination data can be checked to determine whether the subsequent measurements under LED illumination are interfered with by ambient light. As another example, the acquired illumination data for the LEDs can be checked to ensure the illumination data is within an expected threshold between a lowest black value and a highest white value. As a further example, the LABc values can be

checked to determine whether they are within acceptable ranges (e g., -100 to 100 for A or B, 0 to 100 for L). As another example, a match color check can be performed to ensure that Mini and/or Min2 are within acceptable values. For example, Mini can be checked to ensure Mini is below a maximum sigma distance for an expected color match, and/or the ratio of Min2/Minl can be compared to a minimum ratio between the two minimum values for an acceptable match.

[0048] During calibration, the sensing device can take various measurements that can be used to calibrate the real-time measurements of an object. The calibration measurements can include the temperature and various light measurements, such as measurements using a white target, a black target, and dark illumination without any LEDs on. FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method 300 for generating calibration parameters, according to some embodiments. At step 302, the apparatus measures the temperature. At step 304, the apparatus captures illumination data for a white target object (e.g., a white object). At step 306, the apparatus captures illumination data for a black target (e.g., a black object). At step 308, the apparatus captures illumination data for dark light without the LEDs on. At step 310, the apparatus generates a set of calibration parameters. The calibration parameters can include an exposure time (or maximum/minimum exposure times) to use for dark measurement and/or for each LED (e.g., for red, green and blue LEDs), counts read during calibration for each LED for each of the white and/or black object, temperature, a temperature margin, and/or other calibration parameters.

[0049] As described herein, the dose sensing system includes a sensing module with various components, including a processor/MCU, sensors, LEDs, among other components. In some embodiments, the sensing module can be powered by a battery. Referring to FIG. 1C, for example, the sensing system 132 includes a battery 138 that powers the dose sensing system, including the exemplary components shown in FIG. 1C. The techniques described herein can be used to monitor the battery life of a dose sensing system. The battery life can be monitored to provide information to a user, such as a battery status indicator that tracks the life of the battery, alerts related to the battery (e.g., to alert the user to a low battery life, when to change the battery, etc.), and/or the like. For example, the dose sensing system can alert the user, whether it be through the sensing module or a remote computing device, when the battery will run out in a manner that provides the user with sufficient time to replace the battery (e.g., one or two weeks prior to the end of life of the battery).

[0050] The inventors have discovered and appreciated that estimating battery life, such as by using battery voltage measurements, can be complicated due to the fact that the battery behavior can depend on a number of variables, such as temperature, relaxation time from measure to measure, duration of an injection of an attached medication delivery device, load variation, battery brand, battery variability, and other parameters. To address such issues, which are often not controllable by the device provider, the inventors have developed techniques to monitor the battery based on the device architecture in a manner that provides sufficient margin on the battery life to compensate for the potential error(s) and variabilities that the inventors have appreciated can otherwise occur during battery measurement.

[0051] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary computerized method 400 for determining a battery indication, according to some embodiments. A processor, such as the processing unit 140 of the apparatus 132 in FIG. IB, can be configured to execute computer readable instructions that cause the processor to perform the method 400. At step 402, the apparatus obtains a set of voltage measurements of the battery. At step 404, the apparatus obtains a temperature measurement (e.g., via the temperature sensing module). At step 406, the apparatus determines a set of temperature-adjusted battery indications based on the temperature measurement. At step 408, the apparatus determines a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of the battery based on the temperature-adjusted battery indications and the set of voltage measurements.

[0052] Referring to step 402, the apparatus (e.g., the MCU) can obtain various voltage measurements when the battery is under different loads and/or at different operating states of the apparatus. In some embodiments, the apparatus obtains (a) a startup battery voltage when the apparatus is powered on, (b) a high current battery voltage when the processor is running at a maximum speed, (c) a low current battery voltage when the processor is running in a low-power mode, or some combination thereof. The startup battery voltage can be determined, for example, by obtaining a high current battery voltage within a certain amount of time from the sensing module being powered on. For example, when the apparatus is woken up (e.g., following a button press) the apparatus may increase the draw from the battery. In some embodiments, when woken up the apparatus may initiate a boot process.

The boot-up process may increase the draw from the battery due to, for example, various self-tests, the booting operation, and/or the like. In some embodiments, when woken up the apparatus may take magnetic measurements (e.g., to determine a starting position of one or more components). Such a boot-up process and/or magnetic sensing may therefore provide a high current battery voltage for measurement as the startup battery voltage.

[0053] The high current battery voltage can capture a high (e.g., maximum) current peak, e.g., which can be used to measure the voltage drop at that point. The high current battery voltage can be determined, for example, by running the microcontroller at maximum speed and all the other loads in low power mode for a predetermined time (e.g., in ms), and measuring the high current battery voltage. In some embodiments, the high current battery voltage is an average voltage computed based on a set of measurements. In some embodiments, the high current battery voltage can be calculated at the beginning of and/or at the end of the magnetic sensor activity. For example, a maximum voltage drop of the system may be obtained when the magnetic sensor(s) have completed a measurement.

[0054] The low current battery voltage can be used to measure the voltage drop with a lowest current load, e.g., to simulate an open circuit voltage check for the battery. The low current battery voltage can be determined, for example, by having the firmware running on the MCU put all the loads (e.g., including the MCU) in low power mode for a predetermined time (e.g., a rest period specified in ms), and measuring the low current battery voltage. In some embodiments, the low current battery voltage is an average voltage computed by averaging a set of measurements. In some embodiments, the low current battery voltage is determined after determining the high current battery voltage measurement.

[0055] As described herein, one or more voltage measurements can be used for step 402. For example, in some embodiments the voltages can be taken in a manner designed to obtain a voltage reading at a high and/or maximum current consumption (e.g., the point with a maximum voltage drop) and a representative open circuit voltage measurement for a

low/lowest current consumption. The voltages can be used, as described herein, to estimate the remaining battery energy. In some embodiments, the techniques may use, for example, a single voltage drop, such as the maximum voltage drop, to estimate the remaining battery energy (e.g., since the maximum voltage drop may be more dependent on battery status compared to other voltage drops, which may be more capacitive driven). For example, the power-on /start-up voltage drop can simply be used for comparison with the maximum voltage drop. For example, if the voltage drop during power on is bigger than a measured maximum drop of the system, the comparison can indicate there is a risk that the component may reset.

[0056] Referring to step 406, the apparatus can store battery indication tables at various temperatures. For example, the apparatus can store a set of low temperature battery indications that includes a set of battery indications that each have an associated voltage for a low temperature. Table 1 is an example of a set of low temperature battery indications (e.g., at 0 °C):

[0057] As another example, the apparatus can store a set of high temperature battery indications that includes a set of high temperature battery indications that each have an associated voltage for a high temperature. Table 2 is an example of a set of high temperature battery indications (e.g., at 22-24 °C):

Table 2

[0058] The sensing system can determine, based on the set of low temperature battery indications, the set of high temperature battery indications, and the temperature measurement(s) obtained at step 402, a set of temperature-adjusted battery indications. In some embodiments, the sensing system (e.g., via firmware executing on the MCU) can determine a correction factor based on the temperature measured at step 404. For example, the sensing system can determine a correction factor based on the measured temperature and one or more correction factors. A logarithmic (shown below) and/or linear relationship may be developed to characterize the correction factor. For example, the sensing system can use Equation 9 to determine the correction factor:

corrFactor= A*log2(Temp+LogOffset)+Temp*B+C (Equation 9)

Where:

• corrFactor is the correction factor;

• A, B and C are coefficients (e.g., determined based on collected data to provide a desired degrees of freedom for determining the correction factor); and

• LogOffset is a coefficient (e.g., determined based on collected data to provide a desired degrees of freedom for determining the correction factor).

[0059] The sensing system can determine a corrected set of battery indications (e.g., a corrected battery table) based on the temperature correction factor. In some embodiments, the sensing system can determine the corrected battery indications based on both the low and high temperature battery table. For example, the sensing system can use Equation 10 to determine each corrected battery voltage associated with each indicator:

corrBatCurvex={(VoltageTEMPHix-VoltageTEMPLOx) /

( TEMPHI-TEMPLO)}*(corrFactor-TEMPHI)+VoltageTEMPHix (Equation 10)

Where:

• corrBatCurvex is the corrected battery curve voltage for row X;

• VoltageTEMPHix is the voltage for row X in the high temperature battery table;

• VoltageTEMPLOx is the voltage for row X in the low temperature battery table;

• TEMPHI is the temperature used when determining the high temperature battery table;

• TEMPLO is the temperature used when determining the low temperature battery table; and

• corrFactor is the correction factor determined using Equation 9.

[0060] Referring to step 408, the apparatus can determine the battery indicator based on a previous battery indicator. For example, the apparatus can obtain the previous battery indicator for the battery, determine a current battery indicator for the battery based on the temperature-adjusted battery indications in the corrected battery table and the set of voltage measurements, and determine the battery indicator based on the previous battery indicator and the current battery indicator.

[0061] In some embodiments, the sensing system can determine the current battery indicator based on the stored battery tables and/or corrected battery table. For example, the sensing system can interpolate the points in the corrected battery table with the high current battery voltage (e.g., measured at step 402 in FIG. 4). For example, if the high current battery voltage is equal to a voltage value in the table, the sensing system can determine that the battery indicator is the associated indicator for that row. As another example, if the high current battery voltage is between two voltage values in the table, the sensing system can interpolate the two associated battery indicators to determine an associated battery indication. [0062] In some embodiments, the sensing system can determine a new battery indicator based on the previous battery indicator (e.g., which can be stored in storage on the sensing system, such as in EEPROM). For example, the sensing system can use Equation 11 to determine the new battery indicator: newBatInd=(FILTER*batlnd+curBatlnd)/(FILTER+1) (Equation 11)

Where:

• newBatlnd is the new battery indicator;

• batlnd is the previous battery indicator (e.g., obtained from EEPROM);

• curBatlnd is the current determined battery indicator; and

• FILTER is a filter value. FILTER can be determined based on the amount of time lapsed since the last operation associated with the sensing system (e.g., a communication sync with a remote computing device, such as remote computing device 104), a bonding event with a remote computing device, and/or detection of a dose administered by an associated medication delivery device).

[0063] The sensing system can store the determined new battery indicator (e.g., into EEPROM). In some embodiments, additional data can be stored with the new battery indicator, such as a timestamp, a number of remaining injections, and/or the like. For example, an initial injection number can be configured by the system that is associated with a new sensing system and/or new battery, and the sensing system can be configured to decrease the injection number for each sensed injection through the medication delivery device.

[0064] The apparatus of can transmit the battery indicator to a remote device (e.g., remote computing device 104). The remote device can process the new battery indicator. For example, the remote device can be configured to determine a battery status based on the battery indicator. As an example, the following Table 3 illustrates exemplary battery statuses and associated battery indicators:

Table 3

[0065] In some embodiments, the sensing device can enter a low battery state once the sensing device raises a low battery flag for the first time (e.g., when the device is unlikely to be able to provide more than a certain number of injections, such as 120 injections). The sensing device, once entering a low battery state, can avoid changing out of the low battery state for that battery (e.g., to avoid moving back-and-forth from a low battery state and a non-low battery state). In some embodiments, the sensing device can be configured to decrease the battery indicator by one for each new operation (e.g., a sync, bonding, or dose event) of the sensing device once it is in a low power state. In some embodiments, the sensing device can be configured to decrease the number of remaining injections by one for each new operation of the sensing device once it is in a low power state. Once the battery indicator equals zero, the sensing system can enter an end of life state. In some embodiments, the battery can be changed and the sensing system can reset upon detecting a new battery. In some embodiments, the sensing system is disposable and can be disposed upon reaching and end of life state.

[0066] In some embodiments, the sensing system can perform one or more checks on data obtained and/or measurements made during the battery monitoring processes. For example, the MCU can raise a low battery warning once the new battery indicator falls below a

predetermined threshold. As another example, the sensing system can check whether sensed voltages are within predetermined acceptable ranges, whether temperature measurements are within predetermined acceptable ranges, and/or the like.

[0067] As described herein, the techniques can be used with various types of medication delivery devices, including medication delivery devices that incorporate the aspects described herein, as well as add-on components that can be attached to a medication delivery device. For illustrative purposes, FIGS. 5-12 describe exemplary medication delivery devices and dose sensing systems into which the techniques can be incorporated. Such techniques are discussed further in PCT Application No. PCT/US19/18780 filed on February 20, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

[0068] FIGS. 5-6 illustrate an exemplary medication delivery device 10, according to some examples. The medication delivery device 10 is a pen injector configured to inject a medication into a patient through a needle. Pen injector 10 includes a body 11 comprising an elongated, pen-shaped housing 12 including a distal portion 14 and a proximal portion 16. Distal portion 14 is received within a pen cap 18. Referring to FIG. 6, distal portion 14 contains the reservoir or cartridge 20 configured to hold the medicinal fluid of medication to be dispensed through its distal outlet end during a dispensing operation. The outlet end of distal portion 14 is equipped with a removable needle assembly 22 including an injection needle 24 enclosed by a removable cover 25. A piston 26 is positioned in reservoir 20. An injecting mechanism positioned in proximal portion 16 is operative to advance piston 26 toward the outlet of reservoir 20 during the dose dispensing operation to force the contained medicine through the needled end. The injecting mechanism includes a drive member 28, illustratively in the form of a screw, axially moveable relative to housing 12 to advance piston 26 through reservoir 20.

[0069] A dose setting member 30 is coupled to housing 12 for setting a dose amount to be dispensed by device 10. In the illustrated embodiment, dose setting member 30 is in the form of a screw element operative to spiral (e.g., simultaneously move axially and rotationally) relative to housing 12 during dose setting and dose dispensing. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the dose setting member 30 fully screwed into housing 12 at its home or zero dose position. Dose setting member 30 is operative to screw out in a proximal direction from housing 12 until it reaches a fully extended position corresponding to a maximum dose deliverable by device 10 in a single injection.

[0070] Referring to FIGS. 6-8, dose setting member 30 includes a cylindrical dose dial member 32 having a helically threaded outer surface that engages a corresponding threaded inner surface of housing 12 to allow dose setting member 30 to spiral relative to housing 12. Dose dial member 32 further includes a helically threaded inner surface that engages a threaded outer surface of sleeve 34 (FIG. 6) of device 10. The outer surface of dial member 32 includes dose indicator markings, such as numbers that are visible through a dosage window 36 to indicate to the user the set dose amount. Dose setting member 30 further includes a tubular flange 38 that is coupled in the open proximal end of dial member 32 and is axially and rotationally locked to dial member 32 by detents 40 received within openings 41 in dial member 32. Dose setting member 30 may further include a collar or skirt 42 positioned around the outer periphery of dial member 32 at its proximal end. Skirt 42 is axially and rotationally locked to dial member 32 by tabs 44 received in slots 46. Further embodiments described later shown examples of the device without a skirt.

[0071] Dose setting member 30 therefore may be considered to comprise any or all of dose dial member 32, flange 38, and skirt 42, as they are all rotationally and axially fixed together. Dose dial member 32 is directly involved in setting the dose and driving delivery of the medication. Flange 38 is attached to dose dial member 32 and, as described later, cooperates with a clutch to selectively couple dial member 32 with a dose button 56. Skirt 42 provides a surface external of body 11 to enable a user to rotate the dial member 32 for setting a dose. For embodiments without the skirt, the dosage button 56 includes an outer wall that extends distally to form a surface to for the user to rotate.

[0072] Skirt 42 illustratively includes a plurality of surface features 48 and an annular ridge

49 formed on the outer surface of skirt 42. Surface features 48 are illustratively longitudinally extending ribs and grooves that are circumferentially spaced around the outer surface of skirt 42 and facilitate a user's grasping and rotating the skirt. In an alternative embodiment, skirt 42 is removed or is integral with dial member 32, and a user may grasp

and rotate dose button 56 and/or dose dial member 32 for dose setting. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, a user may grasp and rotate the radial exterior surface of one-piece dose button 56, which also includes a plurality of surface features, for dose setting.

[0073] Delivery device 10 includes an actuator 50 having a clutch 52 which is received within dial member 32. Clutch 52 includes an axially extending stem 54 at its proximal end. Actuator 50 further includes dose button 56 positioned proximally of skirt 42 of dose setting member 30. Dose button 56 includes a mounting collar 58 (FIG. 6) centrally located on the distal surface of dose button 56. Collar 58 is attached to stem 54 of clutch 52, such as with an interference fit or an ultrasonic weld, so as to axially and rotatably fix together dose button 56 and clutch 52.

[0074] Dose button 56 includes a disk-shaped proximal end surface or face 60 and an annular wall portion 62 extending distally and spaced radially inwardly of the outer peripheral edge of face 60 to form an annular lip 64 there between. Proximal face 60 of dose button 56 serves as a push surface against which a force can be applied manually, i.e., directly by the user to push actuator 50 in a distal direction. Dose button 56 illustratively includes a recessed portion 66 centrally located on proximal face 60, although proximal face 60 alternatively may be a flat surface. A bias member 68, illustratively a spring, is disposed between the distal surface 70 of button 56 and a proximal surface 72 of tubular flange 38 to urge actuator 50 and dose setting member 30 axially away from each other. Dose button 56 is depressible by a user to initiate the dose dispensing operation.

[0075] Delivery device 10 is operable in both a dose setting mode and a dose dispensing mode. In the dose setting mode of operation, dose setting member 30 is dialed (rotated) relative to housing 12 to set a desired dose to be delivered by device 10. Dialing in the proximal direction serves to increase the set dose, and dialing in the distal direction serves to decrease the set dose. Dose setting member 30 is adjustable in rotational increments (e.g., clicks) corresponding to the minimum incremental increase or decrease of the set dose during the dose setting operation. For example, one increment or “click” may equal one-half or one unit of medication. The set dose amount is visible to the user via the dial indicator markings shown through dosage window 36. Actuator 50, including dose button 56 and clutch 52,

move axially and rotationally with dose setting member 30 during the dialing in the dose setting mode.

[0076] Dose dial member 32, flange 38 and skirt 42 are all fixed rotationally to one another, and rotate and extend proximally of the medication delivery device 10 during dose setting, due to the threaded connection of dose dial member 32 with housing 12. During this dose setting motion, dose button 56 is rotationally fixed relative to skirt 42 by complementary splines 74 of flange 38 and clutch 52 (FIG. 6), which are urged together by bias member 68. In the course of dose setting, skirt 42 and dose button 56 move relative to housing 12 in a spiral manner from a “start” position to an “end” position. This rotation relative to the housing is in proportion to the amount of dose set by operation of the medication delivery device 10.

[0077] Once the desired dose is set, device 10 is manipulated so the injection needle 24 properly penetrates, for example, a user's skin. The dose dispensing mode of operation is initiated in response to an axial distal force applied to the proximal face 60 of dose button 56. The axial force is applied by the user directly to dose button 56. This causes axial movement of actuator 50 in the distal direction relative to housing 12.

[0078] The axial shifting motion of actuator 50 compresses biasing member 68 and reduces or closes the gap between dose button 56 and tubular flange 38. This relative axial movement separates the complementary splines 74 on clutch 52 and flange 38, and thereby disengages actuator 50, e.g., dose button 56, from being rotationally fixed to dose setting member 30. In particular, dose setting member 30 is rotationally uncoupled from actuator 50 to allow back-driving rotation of dose setting member 30 relative to actuator 50 and housing 12. The dose dispensing mode of operation may also be initiated by activating a separate switch or trigger mechanism.

[0079] As actuator 50 is continued to be axially plunged without rotation relative to housing 12, dial member 32 screws back into housing 12 as it spins relative to dose button 56. The dose markings that indicate the amount still remaining to be injected are visible through window 36. As dose setting member 30 screws down distally, drive member 28 is advanced

distally to push piston 26 through reservoir 20 and expel medication through needle 24 (FIG.

6)·

[0080] During the dose dispensing operation, the amount of medicine expelled from the medication delivery device is proportional to the amount of rotational movement of the dose setting member 30 relative to actuator 50 as the dial member 32 screws back into housing 12. The injection is completed when the internal threading of dial member 32 has reached the distal end of the corresponding outer threading of sleeve 34 (FIG. 6). Device 10 is then once again arranged in a ready state or zero dose position as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0081] The start and end angular positions of dose dial member 32, and therefore of the rotationally fixed flange 38 and skirt 42, relative to dose button 56 provide an “absolute” change in angular positions during dose delivery. Determining whether the relative rotation was in excess of 360° is determined in a number of ways. By way of example, total rotation may be determined by also taking into account the incremental movements of the dose setting member 30 which may be measured in any number of ways by a sensing system.

[0082] Various sensor systems are contemplated herein. In general, the sensor systems comprise a sensing component and a sensed component. The term “sensing component” refers to any component which is able to detect the relative position of the sensed component. The sensing component includes a sensing element, or “sensor”, along with associated electrical components to operate the sensing element. The “sensed component” is any component for which the sensing component is able to detect the position and/or movement of the sensed component relative to the sensing component. For the dose delivery detection system, the sensed component rotates relative to the sensing component, which is able to detect the angular position and/or the rotational movement of the sensed component. For the dose type detection system, the sensing component detects the relative angular position of the sensed component. The sensing component may comprise one or more sensing elements, and the sensed component may comprise one or more sensed elements. The sensor system is able to detect the position or movement of the sensed component(s) and to provide outputs representative of the position(s) or movement(s) of the sensed component(s).

[0083] A sensor system typically detects a characteristic of a sensed parameter which varies in relationship to the position of the one or more sensed elements within a sensed area. The sensed elements extend into or otherwise influence the sensed area in a manner that directly or indirectly affects the characteristic of the sensed parameter. The relative positions of the sensor and the sensed element affect the characteristics of the sensed parameter, allowing a microcontroller unit (MCU) of the sensor system to determine different rotational positions of the sensed element.

[0084] Suitable sensor systems may include the combination of an active component and a passive component. With the sensing component operating as the active component, it is not necessary to have both components connected with other system elements such as a power supply or MCU.

[0085] Any of a variety of sensing technologies may be incorporated by which the relative positions of two members can be detected. Such technologies may include, for example, technologies based on tactile, optical, inductive or electrical measurements. Such technologies may include the measurement of a sensed parameter associated with a field, such as a magnetic field. In one form, a magnetic sensor senses the change in a sensed magnetic field as a magnetic component is moved relative to the sensor. In another embodiment, a sensor system may sense characteristics of and/or changes to a magnetic field as an object is positioned within and/or moved through the magnetic field. The alterations of the field change the characteristic of the sensed parameter in relation to the position of the sensed element in the sensed area. In such embodiments the sensed parameter may be a capacitance, conductance, resistance, impedance, voltage, inductance, etc. For example, a magneto-resistive type sensor detects the distortion of an applied magnetic field which results in a characteristic change in the resistance of an element of the sensor. As another example, Hall effect sensors detect changes in voltage resulting from distortions of an applied magnetic field.

What is claimed is:

CLAIMS

1. An apparatus configured to determine illumination data indicative of a color of an object, the apparatus comprising:

a set of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in optical communication with the object; a light sensor in optical communication with the object;

a processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions that cause the processor to:

cause the light sensor to capture illumination data of the object while the object is illuminated by the set of LEDs;

process the illumination data to generate processed illumination data, comprising one or more of:

adjusting the illumination data based on a temperature associated with the object; and

normalizing the set of illumination data based on a set of normalization parameters; and

transmit, using a communication module in communication with the processor, the processed illumination data to a remote device.

2 The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light sensor is an ambient light sensor.

3. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the object is a portion of a medication delivery device that can be used to identify an aspect of the medication delivery device based on the color of the object.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a light guide disposed between (a) the set of LEDs, the light sensor, or both, and (b) the object.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein causing the light sensor to capture illumination data of the object while the object is illuminated by the set of LEDs comprises causing the light sensor to capture:

first illumination data when the object is not illuminated by the set of LEDs; and second illumination data when the object is illuminated by each LED of the set of

LEDs.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein:

the set of LEDs comprises a red LED, a blue LED, and a green LED; and causing the light sensor to capture the second illumination data comprises:

causing the light sensor to capture (a) third illumination data when the object is illuminated by the red LED; (b) fourth illumination data when the object is illuminated by the green LED; and (c) fifth illumination data when the object is illuminated by the green LED.

7. A method for determining illumination data indicative of a color of an object, the apparatus including a set of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in optical communication with the object, a light sensor in optical communication with the object,

causing the light sensor to capture illumination data of the object while the object is illuminated by the set of LEDs;

processing the illumination data to generate processed illumination data, comprising one or more of:

adjusting the illumination data based on a temperature associated with the object; and

normalizing the set of illumination data based on a set of normalization parameters; and

transmit, using a communication module in communication with the processor, the processed illumination data to a remote device.

8. The method claim 7, wherein causing the light sensor to capture illumination data of the object while the object is illuminated by the set of LEDs comprises causing the light sensor to capture:

first illumination data when the object is not illuminated by the set of LEDs; and second illumination data when the object is illuminated by each LED of the set of

LEDs.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein:

the set of LEDs comprises a red LED, a blue LED, and a green LED; and causing the light sensor to capture the second illumination data comprises:

causing the light sensor to capture (a) third illumination data when the object is illuminated by the red LED; (b) fourth illumination data when the object is illuminated by the green LED; and (c) fifth illumination data when the object is illuminated by the green LED.

10. The method of any one of the claims 7-9, wherein the light sensor is an ambient light sensor, and wherein the object is a portion of a medication delivery device that can be used to identify an aspect of the medication delivery device based on the color of the object, and a light guide is disposed between (a) the set of LEDs, the light sensor, or both, and (b) the object.

11. An apparatus configured to process illumination data to determine a color associated with the illumination data, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to executed computer-readable instructions that cause the processor to:

generate, based on illumination data captured of an object under illumination of a set of LEDs, a set of illumination metrics;

compare the set of illumination metrics to stored sets of representative illumination metrics, wherein each of the sets of representative illumination metrics is associated with a color to determine a closest matching set of representative illumination metrics;

determine, based on the closest matching set of representative illumination metrics, the illumination data is associated with the color associated with the set of representative illumination metrics.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the computer-readable instructions further cause the processor to receive, from a communication module in communication with the processor, the illumination data.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 11-12, wherein:

generating the set of illumination metrics comprises generating a lightness metric, a red/green metric, and a yellow/blue metric; and

each of the stored sets of representative illumination metrics comprises an associated lightness metric, red/green metric, and yellow/blue metric.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 11-13, wherein comparing the set of illumination metrics to the sets of representative illumination metrics comprises:

determining a set of sigma distances, comprising determining a sigma distance for the set of illumination metrics to each of the sets of representative illumination metrics;

determining, based on a lowest sigma distance and a second-lowest sigma distance in the set of sigma distances, that the lowest sigma distance is a closest-matching sigma distance.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 11-14, further comprising:

receiving a new set of representative illumination metrics; and

updating the stored sets of representative metrics to include the new set of representative illumination metrics.

16. A method for processing illumination data to determine a color associated with the illumination data, comprising:

generating, based on illumination data captured of an object under illumination of a set of LEDs, a set of illumination metrics;

comparing the set of illumination metrics to stored sets of representative illumination metrics, wherein each of the sets of representative illumination metrics is associated with a color to determine a closest matching set of representative illumination metrics;

determining, based on the closest matching set of representative illumination metrics, the illumination data is associated with the color associated with the set of representative illumination metrics.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising receiving, from a communication module in communication with a processor, the illumination data.

18. The method of any one of claims 16-17, wherein:

generating the set of illumination metrics comprises generating a lightness metric, a red/green metric, and a yellow/blue metric; and

each of the stored sets of representative illumination metrics comprises an associated lightness metric, red/green metric, and yellow/blue metric.

19. The method of any one of claims 16-18, wherein comparing the set of illumination metrics to the sets of representative illumination metrics comprises:

determining a set of sigma distances, comprising determining a sigma distance for the set of illumination metrics to each of the sets of representative illumination metrics;

determining, based on a lowest sigma distance and a second-lowest sigma distance in the set of sigma distances, that the lowest sigma distance is a closest-matching sigma distance.

20. The method of any one of claims 16-19, further comprising:

receiving a new set of representative illumination metrics; and

updating the stored sets of representative metrics to include the new set of representative illumination metrics.

21. An apparatus configured to determine a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of a battery, the apparatus comprising:

a battery;

a temperature sensing module;

a processor in communication with the battery and the temperature sensing module, the processor being configured to execute computer-readable instructions that cause the processor to:

obtain a set of voltage measurements of the battery;

obtain, via the temperature sensing module, a temperature measurement; determine a set of temperature-adjusted battery indications based on the temperature measurement; and

determine a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of the battery based on the temperature-adjusted battery indications and the set of voltage measurements.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein obtaining the set of voltage measurements comprises:

obtaining a startup battery voltage when the apparatus is powered on;

obtaining a high current battery voltage when the processor is running at a maximum speed; and

obtaining a low current battery voltage when the processor is running in a low-power mode.

23. The apparatus of any one of claims 21-22, wherein determining the set of temperature-adjusted battery indications based on the temperature measurement comprises:

storing:

a set of low temperature battery indications, wherein each low temperature battery indication comprises a battery indication and an associated voltage for a low temperature; and

a set of high temperature battery indications, wherein each high temperature battery indication comprises a battery indication and an associated voltage for a high temperature; and

determining, based on the set of low temperature battery indications, the set of high temperature battery indications, and the temperature measurement, the set of temperature-adjusted battery indications.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein determining the battery indicator indicative of the remaining life of the battery comprises:

obtaining a previous battery indicator for the battery;

determining a current battery indicator for the battery based on the temperature -adjusted battery indications and the set of voltage measurements;

determining the battery indicator based on the previous battery indicator and the current battery indicator.

25. The apparatus of any one of claims 21-23, further comprising transmitting the battery indicator to a remote device.

26. A method for determining a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of a battery, the apparatus including a battery, a temperature sensing module, a processor in communication with the battery and the temperature sensing module, the method comprising :

obtaining a set of voltage measurements of the battery;

obtaining, via the temperature sensing module, a temperature measurement; determining a set of temperature-adjusted battery indications based on the temperature measurement; and

determining a battery indicator indicative of a remaining life of the battery based on the temperature-adjusted battery indications and the set of voltage measurements.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein obtaining the set of voltage measurements comprises:

obtaining a startup battery voltage when the apparatus is powered on;

obtaining a high current battery voltage when the processor is running at a maximum speed; and

obtaining a low current battery voltage when the processor is running in a low-power mode.

28. The method of any one of claims 26-27, wherein determining the set of temperature-adjusted battery indications based on the temperature measurement comprises:

storing:

a set of low temperature battery indications, wherein each low temperature battery indication comprises a battery indication and an associated voltage for a low temperature; and

a set of high temperature battery indications, wherein each high temperature battery indication comprises a battery indication and an associated voltage for a high temperature; and

determining, based on the set of low temperature battery indications, the set of high temperature battery indications, and the temperature measurement, the set of temperature -adjusted battery indications.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein determining the battery indicator indicative of the remaining life of the battery comprises:

obtaining a previous battery indicator for the battery;

determining a current battery indicator for the battery based on the temperature -adjusted battery indications and the set of voltage measurements;

determining the battery indicator based on the previous battery indicator and the current battery indicator.

30. The method of any one of claims 26-29, further comprising transmitting the battery indicator to a remote device.

31. An apparatus configured to determine whether the apparatus is removably coupled to a medication injection device, the apparatus comprising:

a plurality of sensing elements;

a processor in communication with the set of sensing elements, the processor being configured to execute computer-readable instructions that cause the processor to:

obtain a set of voltage measurements from each of the plurality of sensing elements;

determine two-dimensional data representative of a magnetic field of a magnetic component of the medication injection device;

determine one-dimensional data based on the two-dimensional data; determine, based on the one-dimensional data, whether the set of voltage measurements is indicative of the apparatus being coupled to the medication injection device.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein determining the two-dimensional data comprises determining a quadrature signal comprising an inphase part and a quadrature part.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein determining the one-dimensional data comprises determining a scale factor based on the quadrature signal.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein determining the scale factor comprises determining the scale factor based on the quadrature signal and one or more of a predetermined offset and a predetermined gain.

35. The apparatus of any one of claims 31-34, wherein the plurality of sensing elements comprises five sensing elements equi-circumferentially and equi-radially spaced within the apparatus.

36. The apparatus of any one of claims 31-35, wherein the plurality of sensing elements comprises a plurality of Hall effect sensors.

37. A method for determining whether the apparatus is removably coupled to a medication injection device, the apparatus including a plurality of sensing elements, a processor in communication with the set of sensing elements, the method comprising:

obtaining a set of voltage measurements from each of the plurality of sensing elements;

determining two-dimensional data representative of a magnetic field of a magnetic component of the medication injection device;

determining one-dimensional data based on the two-dimensional data; determining, based on the one-dimensional data, whether the set of voltage measurements is indicative of the apparatus being coupled to the medication injection device.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the two-dimensional data comprises determining a quadrature signal comprising an inphase part and a quadrature part.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein determining the one-dimensional data comprises determining a scale factor based on the quadrature signal.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein determining the scale factor comprises determining the scale factor based on the quadrature signal and one or more of a predetermined offset and a predetermined gain.

41. The method of any one of claims 37-40, wherein the plurality of sensing elements comprises five sensing elements equi-circumferentially and equi-radially spaced within the apparatus.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the plurality of sensing elements comprises a plurality of Hall effect sensors.