FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to methods for improving membrane bioreactor
systems, and in particular, to methods of conditioning microbial mixed liquor and
improving flux in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wastewater from municipal and industrial plants can be clarified by biologically
treating the wastewater in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. In an MBR,
microorganisms consume dissolved organic compounds in the wastewater and
membranes sieve the suspended solids or biomass from the treated wastewater (or mixed
liquor) to produce clarified water.
An optimized output of clarified water depends on the efficiency of the MBR
system and the flux of the membranes. The conditions and qualities of the biological
populations of the microorganisms in the MBR system will affect the operation of the
MBR and the filterability of the mixed liquor. Substances in the mixed liquor, such as
extracellular polymeric substances, colloidal and soluble organic substances, can deposit
onto the membranes, plugging them and causing increased membrane resistance and
decreased flux.
Inorganic coagulants and inert particle additives can be added to MBR systems to
condition the mixed liquor by coagulating and flocculating colloids and other substances,
which decreases the soluble substances in the mixed liquor and improves filterability and
membrane flux. However, these additives can require specific and narrow pH ranges, can
increase sludge concentrations, cause membrane wear from the abrasiveness of the
treatment additive particles or cause additional membrane plugging when the treatment
additives themselves become lodged in the pores of the membrane.
Water soluble cationic polymers are also available for conditioning the mixed
liquor in the MBR and enhancing membrane flux. However, large amounts of the
cationic polymers are needed for effective treatment. Continuing efforts are needed for
developing and finding more improved and cost-effective water soluble treatment
additives for conditioning the mixed liquor in an MBR system to enhance membrane flux
and improve MBR efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, a method of conditioning mixed liquor in a membrane
bioreactor includes dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor, wherein said
treatment additive includes a water soluble block copolymer.
In another embodiment, a method of improving flux in a membrane bioreactor
includes conditioning mixed liquor by dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor
and passing the conditioned mixed liquor through a membrane, wherein said treatment
additive includes a water soluble block copolymer.
In another embodiment, a method of clarifying wastewater includes adding
wastewater to a membrane bioreactor, preparing a mixed liquor by adding
microorganisms to the wastewater in the presence of oxygen, conditioning the mixed
liquor by dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor, filtering the conditioned
mixed liquor with a membrane to produce clarified wastewater, said treatment additive
including a water soluble block copolymer.
The various embodiments provide improved MBR efficiency by increasing
filterability of sludge membrane flux, reduced membrane cleanings and reduced risk from
problems associated with handling peak flows. The improved efficiency can reduce costs
by allowing operation of the MBR with fewer membranes, higher membrane flux and
reduced membrane cleanings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context
clearly dictates otherwise. The endpoints of all ranges reciting the same characteristic are
independently combinable and inclusive of the recited endpoint. All references are
incorporated herein by reference.
The modifier "about" used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated
value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., includes the tolerance ranges
associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
"Optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event or
circumstance may or may not occur, or that the subsequently identified material may or
may not be present, and that the description includes instances where the event or
circumstance occurs or where the material is present, and instances where the event or
circumstance does not occur or the material is not present.
"Water soluble" means that the compound, such as polymer, block copolymer or
monomer, that is described as water soluble is dissolvable in water or an aqueous solution.
In one embodiment, the term "water soluble" means that the compound, block copolymer
or monomer that is described is fully miscible in water or an aqueous solution.
"Water insoluble" means that the compound, such as polymer or monomer, that is
described as water insoluble is not dissolvable or is poorly dissolvable in water or an
aqueous solution.
In one embodiment, a method of conditioning mixed liquor in a membrane
bioreactor includes dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor, wherein said
treatment additive includes a water soluble block copolymer.
The mixed liquor or activated sludge may be a mixture of wastewater,
microorganisms used to degrade organic materials in the wastewater, organic-containing
material derived from cellular species, cellular by-products or waste products, or cellular
debris. The mixed liquor may contain colloidal and particulate material (biomass or
biosolids), soluble molecules or biopolymers, such as polysaccharides or proteins.
An MBR system couples biological wastewater treatment and membrane filtration.
The MBR may be any type of MBR system. In one embodiment, an MBR system
includes membranes and a bioreactor tank containing microorganisms, which biodegrade
the organic material in the wastewater. The bioreactor tank may be an aerobic tank or
reactor and may include other types of reactors, such as anaerobic reactors, anoxic
reactors or additional aerobic reactors. Influent wastewater may be pumped or gravityflowed
into a bioreactor tank where it is brought into contact with microorganisms to
form a mixed liquor in the presence of oxygen or aeration. Excess activated sludge may
be pumped out of the bioreactor tank into a sludge holding tank to maintain a constant
sludge age in the bioreactor. The oxygen supply or aeration may be provided by blowers.
In one embodiment, the mixed liquor is filtered through membranes and clarified
water is discharged from the system. The mixed liquor may be passed through the
membranes under pressure or may be drawn through the membranes under vacuum. The
membrane module may be immersed in the bioreactor tank or contained in a separate
membrane tank to which wastewater is continuously pumped from the bioreactor tank.
The membrane may be a hollow fiber with an outer skin micro- or ultrafilter or a flat
sheet (in stacks) micro- or ultrafilter. The membrane materials may include, but are not
limited to, chlorinated polyethylene (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),
polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylalcohol
(PVA), cellulose acetate (CA), regenerated cellulose (RC) as well as inorganics, such as
metallic and ceramic.
In one embodiment, the mixed liquor is conditioned with the dispersion of a
treatment additive. The treatment additive enhances membrane flux by coagulating and
flocculating soluble organic compounds in the mixed liquor to prevent membrane fouling.
The treatment additive may include a water soluble block copolymer. The water soluble
block copolymer may include water soluble monomers and water insoluble monomers.
The block copolymer may include a polymeric segment obtained from the polymerization
of hydrophobic or water insoluble monomers attached to a polymer chain obtained from
the polymerization of one or more water soluble monomers.
In one embodiment, the block copolymer contains two segments as shown in the
following formula:
_ [E]_[D]-
wherein E is a polymeric segment obtained from the polymerization of one or
more hydrophobic monomers or water insoluble monomers and D is a polymeric segment
obtained from the polymerization of one or more water soluble monomers.
The hydrophobic polymers are water insoluble and can be prepared by
precipitation or emulsion polymerization techniques of one or more hydrophobic
monomers. In one embodiment, the hydrophobic monomers include, but are not limited
to, alkylacrylates, alkylmethacrylamidesalkylacrylamidesalkylmethacrylates,
alkylstyrenes, higher alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, akylaryl
esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated amides,
vinyl alkylates wherein the alkyl group has at least 8 carbons, such as vinyl laureate and
vinyl stearate, vinyl alkyl ethers, such as dodecyl vinyl ether and hexadecyl vinyl ether,
N-vinyl amides, such as N-vinyl and vinyl alkyl ethers, and arylalkyl, such as t-butyl
styrene. The higher alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids include, but
are not limited to, alkyl dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tridecyl
methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, ethyl half ester of maleic
anhydride, diethyl maleate and other alkyl esters derived from the reactions of alkanols
having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such
as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and
aconitic acid. The akylaryl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids include,
but are not limited to, nonyl-a-phenyl acrylate, nonyl-a-phenyl methacrylate, dodecyl-aphenyl
acrylate and dodecyl-a-phenyl methacrylate. Ethylenically unsaturated amides
include, but are not limited to, N-octadecyl acrylamide, N-octadecylmethacrylamide,
N ,N -dioctyl acrylamide and similar derivaties thereof.
The hydrophobic monomer may be an alkyl acrylate. The alkyl group in the alkyl
acrylate has from 4 to 16 carbon atoms. The hydrophobic monomer may also be 2-
ethylhexyl acrylate. The 2-ethylhexyl acrylate may be polymerized by a diperoxide
initiator, 2,5-dihydroperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexane to obtain poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)
(PEHA). E may be poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (PEHA).
In one embodiment, D is a polymeric segment obtained from the polymerization
of one or more water soluble monomers. The water soluble monomers may be nonionic
or cationic. D may be obtained from the polymerization of a cationic monomer, a
nonionic monomer or a combination of a cationic monomer and a nonionic monomer.
In one embodiment, D has the formula:
wherein A is a nonionic monomer, J is a cationic polymer, x is 0 or a positive
integer and y is 0 or a positive integer. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of x:y is from
about 0:100 to about 95:5. In another embodiment, the molar ratio of x:y is from about
10:90 to about 75:25.
In one embodiment, the nonionic monomer may be an acrylamide. A may have
the formula:
CH2 C
C=0
NH2
wherein \ is hydrogen or a Ci-C3 alkyl group. In one embodiment, R is hydrogen. In
another embodiment, Ri is methyl.
In one embodiment, J has the formula:
R
CH2 C
G
wherein R is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group and G is a salt of an ammonium
In one embodiment, R2 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R is methyl.
In one embodiment, G is
~NHR N(R4 R 5,R6) M
or
~OR3N(R4 R5R )+ M
wherein R3 is a C to C4 linear or branched alkylene group and R , R and R can be the
same or different and are hydrogen, C \ to C4 linear, substituted or branched alkyl group,
C5 to Cg cycloalkyl group, aromatic or alkylaromatic group and M- is an anion, such as
chloride, bromide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate. R4, R5 and R6 may be methyl or allyl
and R may be ethylene, propylene or -methylethylene. G may also be derived from 2-
acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC), 3-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl
ammonium chloride (MAPTAC), 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride
(METAC) or diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC).
In one embodiment, J has the structure:
CH2 CH
C=0
O
CH2
CH2
CH3 N+ CH3 C
3
The block copolymers may be prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion technique.
Such processes have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,284,393, Re. 28,474 and Re.
28,576, which are herein incorporated by reference. The resulting copolymers may also
be further isolated by precipitating in an organic solvent, such as acetone, and dried to a
powder form. The powder can be easily dissolved in an aqueous medium for use.
Branching agents, such as polyethyleneglycoldi(meth)acrylate, methylene
bis(meth)acrylamide, N-vinyl acrylamide, ally! glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate and the
like may also be added, providing the resulting block copolymer is water soluble.
In one embodiment, the water soluble block copolymer has a number average
molecular weight within the range of from about 100,000 to about 8,000,000. The water
soluble block copolymer may have a number average molecular weight within the range
of from about 500,000 to about 6,000,000. The molecular weight of the block copolymer
is not critical, as long as it is soluble in water.
The structure of the block copolymer may be substantiated by conventional means,
such as by solution viscosity study or C1 NMR spectroscopy.
In one embodiment, the treatment additive is dispersed in the mixed liquor in any
conventional manner and mixed with the mixed liquor prior to being in contact with the
membrane surface. The treatment additive may be added to the mixed liquor upstream
from the membranes. The treatment additive may also be added into an area of the
bioreactor where an intensive mixing occurs or is allowed sufficient mixing time with the
mixed liquor, such as near a pump station, an aeration nozzle or a sludge/mixed liquor
recycling pipe.
The treatment additive is dispersed in any amount suitable for conditioning the
mixed liquor. This amount will vary depending upon the particular system for which
treatment is desired and can be influenced by the characteristics of the wastewater, such
variables as turbidity, pH, temperature, flow rate, water quantity, mixed liquor
concentrations and properties, suspended solids, floe size, viscosity and type of
contaminants present in the system. The treatment additive may be added in amount of
from about 0.1 ppm by volume active polymers to about 100 ppm by volume active
polymers, based on the volume of wastewater. The treatment additive may also be added
in an amount of from about 1ppm by volume active polymers to about 80 ppm by
volume active polymers. The treatment additive may also be added in an amount of from
about 10 ppm by volume active polymers to about 50 ppm by volume active polymers,
based on the volume of wastewater.
In another embodiment, the treatment additive may include other water-soluble
polymers or inorganic coagulants. The additional water soluble polymers or inorganic
coagulants may be added separately to the mixed liquor or in a combination with the
water-soluble block copolymer. These additional polymers and coagulants work in
collaboration with the water soluble block copolymer for conditioning the mixed liquor
and improving flux in the MBR systems. The additional polymers or coagulants may be
added in amounts effective for reducing the dosage of the treatment additive while
achieving similar membrane flux enhancement performance. In another embodiment, use
of the treatment additive can substantially reduce the amount of the additional polymers
and coagulants. Examples of the water soluble polymers may be tannin- containing
polymers, polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC),
polymethacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (polyMETAC) or copolymers of
N ,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Acrylate Methyl Chloride (AETAC) and acrylamide (AM).
In one embodiment, the inorganic coagulants may be selected from the group of
inorganic compounds containing Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe and combinations thereof. The
inorganic coagulant may be selected from the group of inorganic salts or their
polymerized forms containing Al, Fe, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, a
method of improving flux in a membrane bioreactor includes conditioning mixed liquor
by dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor and passing the conditioned mixed
liquor through a membrane, wherein said treatment additive includes a water soluble
block copolymer.
In one embodiment, the mixed liquor is conditioned with the dispersion of a
treatment additive. The treatment additive enhances membrane flux by coagulating and
flocculating soluble organic compounds in the mixed liquor to prevent membrane fouling.
In one embodiment, the treatment additive includes a water soluble block copolymer,
which is described above.
In one embodiment, the treatment additive is dispersed in the mixed liquor in any
conventional manner and mixed with the mixed liquor prior to being in contact with the
membrane surface. The treatment additive may also be added to the mixed liquor
upstream from the membranes. The treatment additive may also be added into an area of
the bioreactor where an intensive mixing occurs or is allowed sufficient mixing time with
the mixed liquor, such as near a pump station, an aeration nozzle or a sludge/mixed liquor
recycling pipe.
The treatment additive is dispersed in any amount suitable for conditioning the
mixed liquor. This amount will vary depending upon the particular system for which
treatment is desired and can be influenced by the characteristics of the wastewater, such
variables as turbidity, H, temperature, flow rate, water quantity, mixed liquor
concentrations and properties, suspended solids, floe size, viscosity and type of
contaminants present in the system. The treatment additive may be added in amount of
from about 0.1 ppm by volume active polymers to about 100 pp by volume active
polymers, based on the volume of wastewater. The treatment additive may also be added
in an amount of from about 1ppm by volume active polymers to about 80 ppm by
volume active polymers. The treatment additive may also be added in an amount of from
about 10 ppm by volume active polymers to about 50 ppm by volume active polymers,
based on the volume of wastewater.
In another embodiment, the treatment additive may include other water-soluble
polymers or inorganic coagulants as described above.
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) and mixed liquor are described above. In one
embodiment, the conditioned mixed liquor is filtered through membranes and clarified
water is discharged from the system. The conditioned mixed liquor may also be passed
through the membranes under pressure or may be drawn through the membranes under
vacuum. The membrane module may be immersed in the bioreactor tank or contained in
a separate membrane tank to which wastewater is continuously pumped from the
bioreactor tank. The membrane may be a hollow fiber with an outer skin micro- or
ultrafilter or a flat sheet (in stacks) micro- or ultrafilter.. The membrane materials may
include, but are not limited to, chlorinated polyethylene (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES),
polyvinylalcohol (PVA), cellulose acetate (CA), regenerated cellulose (RC) as well as
inorganics, such as metallic and ceramic.
In another embodiment, a method of clarifying wastewater includes adding
wastewater to a membrane bioreactor, preparing a mixed liquor by adding
microorganisms to the wastewater in the presence of oxygen, conditioning the mixed
liquor by dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor, filtering the conditioned
mixed liquor with a membrane to produce clarified wastewater, said treatment additive
including a water soluble block copolymer.
Wastewater may be from municipal and industrial plants and can contain
extracellular polymeric substances and colloidal and soluble organic substances.
In one embodiment, the mixed liquor is conditioned with the dispersion of a
treatment additive. The treatment additive may include a water soluble block copolymer,
which is described above. The treatment additive may be dispersed in the mixed liquor in
any conventional manner and mixed with the mixed liquor prior to being in contact with
the membrane surface. The treatment additive may be added to the mixed liquor
upstream from the membranes. The treatment additive may also be added into an area of
the bioreactor where an intensive mixing occurs or is allowed sufficient mixing time with
the mixed liquor, such as near a pump station, an aeration nozzle or a sludge/mixed liquor
recycling pipe.
The treatment additive is dispersed in any amount suitable for conditioning the
mixed liquor. This amount will vary depending upon the particular system for which
treatment is desired and can be influenced by the characteristics of the wastewater, such
variables as turbidity, pH, temperature, flow rate, water quantity, mixed liquor
concentrations and properties, suspended solids, floe size, viscosity and type of
contaminants present in the system. The treatment additive may be added in amount of
from about 0.1 ppm by volume active polymers to about 00 ppm by volume active
polymers, based on the volume of wastewater. The treatment additive may also be added
in an amount of from about 1ppm by volume active polymers to about 80 ppm by
volume active polymers. The treatment additive may also be added in an amount of from
about 10 ppm by volume active polymers to about 50 ppm by volume active polymers,
based on the volume of wastewater.
In another embodiment, the treatment additive may include other water-soluble
polymers or inorganic coagulants as described above.
The conditioned mixed liquor may be filtered through membranes to sieve
suspended solids or biomass and clarified water is discharged from the system. The
conditioned mixed liquor may be passed through the membranes under pressure or may
be drawn through the membranes under vacuum. The membrane module may be
immersed in the bioreactor tank or contained in a separate membrane tank to which
wastewater is continuously pumped from the bioreactor tank. The membrane may be a
hollow fiber with an outer skin ultrafilter, a flat sheet (in stacks) microfilter or a hollow
fiber with an outer skin microfilter. The membrane materials may include, but are not
limited to, chlorinated polyethylene (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),
polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylalcohol
(PVA), cellulose acetate (CA), regenerated cellulose (RC) as well as inorganics, such as
metallic and ceramic.
In order that those skilled in the art will be better able to practice the present
disclosure, the following examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of
limitation.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
Mixed liquor samples for testing in Examples 1-3 were taken from a municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plant at the GE China Technology Center. The samples were
taken from the activated sludge recycling line where the MLSS concentration was above
lOg/L.
A standard jar test with a Jar Tester (Phipps & Bird™) on each testing sample
and control sample was conducted to ensure proper mixing. Four 500 ml aliquots of the
mixed liquor were added to four jars. A treatment additive, Polymer A or Polymer B,
was quickly added to each sample, in the amounts shown in Table 1. A control sample
was also prepared by adding 500 ml of the mixed liquor to a control jar without the
addition of a treatment additive. All the samples were rapidly agitated at 200 rpm for 30
seconds and then at a slow agitation speed of 50 rpm for 15 minutes to thoroughly mix
the samples.
The filterability of the mixed liquor for each sample including the Control Jar was
evaluated by the Time-to-Filter (TTF) test method. The TTF test method was adapted
from Standard Methods (APHA, 1992), Method #271 OH. A 9 cm filter paper (Whatman
GF/C, Catalog No. 1822 090) was placed in a Buchner funnel and was wet to form a
good seal. A 200 ml sample from each of the treated mixed liquor samples and the
Control Jar was added to a separate Buchner funnel (as prepared above). A vacuum
pressure of 51 kPa ( inch Hg) was applied using a vacuum pump with a pressure
regulator. The time required to filter 50 ml (or 25% of the initial sample volume (25%-
TTF)) of each mixed liquor sample was measured and is shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
AETAC/AM/EHA. Its molecular weight is in the range of 4,000,000 to 6,000,000.
2Polymer B is another block copolymer product containing about 45% actives (by
weight). The block copolymer is polymerized by monomers of AETAC/AM/EHA and its
molecular weight is in the range of 4,000,000 to 6,000,000. The monomers of
AETAC/AM/EHA refer to N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Acrylate Methyl Chloride
(AETAC), acrylamide (AM) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), respectively.
The data shows a very significant improvement in the filterability of the mixed
liquor by adding the treatment additive of either Polymer A or Polymer B.
EXAMPLE 2
A standard jar test with a Jar Tester (Phipps & Bird™) on each following testing
sample and control sample was conducted to ensure proper mixing. Five 500 ml aliquots
of the mixed liquor were added to five jars. A treatment additive as shown in Table 2
was added to each sample. A control sample was also prepared by adding 500 ml of the
mixed liquor to a control jar without the addition of a treatment additive. All of the
samples were rapidly agitated at 200 rp for 30 seconds and then at a slow agitation
speed of 50 rpm for 15 minutes to thoroughly mix the samples.
The filterability of the mixed liquor for each sample including the Control Jar was
evaluated by the TTF test method as described in Example . A 200 ml sample from
each of the treated mixed liquor samples and the Control Jar was added to a separate
Buchner funnel. A vacuum pressure of 51 Pa ( inch Hg) was applied using a vacuum
pump with a pressure regulator. The time required to filter 100 ml (or 50% of the initial
sample volume (50%-TTF)) of each mixed liquor sample was measured and is shown in
Table 2.
Table 2.
'Polymer C contains about 38% actives (by weight) of a block copolymer of
tannin/AETAC wherein the weight percentage of AETAC is about 57.5%. The
molecular weight is about 75,000.
2 Polymer A contains about 38% actives (by weight) of a block copolymer of
AETAC/AM/EHA. Its molecular weight is in the range of 4,000,000 to 6,000,000.
The data shows that the treatment additive with the tannin-containing polymer
enhances the filterability of the mixed liquor samples. With aid of the block copolymer,
the dosage of the tannin-containing polymer can be reduced, while still providing good
filterability. As the block copolymers showed very strong flocculation capability, it
required much lower dosage to achieve the same filterability enhancement.
EXAMPLE 3
A standard jar test with a Jar Tester (Phipps & Bird™) on each following testing
sample and control sample was conducted to ensure proper mixing. Six 500 ml aliquots
of the mixed liquor were added to six jars. A treatment additive as shown in Table 3 was
quickly added to each testing sample. A control sample was also prepared by adding 500
ml of the mixed liquor to a control jar without the addition of a treatment additive. All
the samples were rapidly agitated at 200 rpm for 30 seconds and then at a slow agitation
speed of 50 rpm for 15 minutes to thoroughly mix the samples.
The filterability of the mixed liquor for each sample including the Control Jar was
evaluated by the TTF test method as described in Example 1. A 200 ml sample from
each of the treated mixed liquor samples and the Control Jar was added to a separate
Buchner funnel. A vacuum pressure of 5 1 kPa (15 inch Hg) was applied using a vacuum
pump with a pressure regulator. The time required to filter 100 ml (or 50% of the initial
sample volume (50%-TTF)) of each mixed liquor sample was measured and is shown
Table 3.
Table 3
The polymer and alum coagulant or FeCl3 were added to the mixed liquor separately.
The alum coagulant product was an aluminum chlorohydrate aqueous product
(A1 (0H) C1) that contained 50% actives.
The FeCl3 solution was prepared directly using an anhydrous FeCl3 chemical reagent
(Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China).
The data shows that the block copolymer can be added together with either alum
or ferric based inorganic coagulants to enhance the filterability of the mixed liquor
samples. With aid of the block copolymer, the dosage of the inorganic coagulants can be
greatly reduced.
While typical embodiments have been set forth for the purpose of illustration, the
foregoing descriptions should not be deemed to be a limitation on the scope herein.
Accordingly, various modifications, adaptations and alternatives may occur to one skilled
in the art without departing from the spirit and scope herein.
CLAIMS
What is claimed is:
1. A method of conditioning mixed liquor in a membrane bioreactor comprising
dispersing a treatment additive in the mixed liquor, wherein said treatment additive
comprises a water soluble block copolymer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed liquor is passed through the
membranes in the membrane bioreactor under pressure.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the membrane in the membrane bioreactor is
selected from the group consisting of a hollow fiber with an outer skin microfilter or
ultrafilter and a flat sheet ultrafilter.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the membrane material is selected from the group
consisting of chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile,
polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylalcohol, cellulose acetate and regenerated
cellulose.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the water soluble block copolymer comprises
water-soluble monomers and water-insoluble monomers.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the block copolymer comprises a polymeric
segment obtained from the polymerization of hydrophobic or water insoluble monomers
attached to a polymer chain obtained from the polymerization of one or more water
soluble monomers.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the water-insoluble monomer is selected from the
group consisting of alkylacrylates, alkylmethacrylamides, alkylacrylamides,
alkylmethacrylates, alkylstyrenes, higher alkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acids, akylaryl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,
ethylenically unsaturated amides, vinyl alkylates, vinyl alkyl ethers, N-vinyl amides and
arylalkyl.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the block copolymer contains two segments as
shown in the following formula:
- [E]—[D]—
wherein E is a polymeric segment obtained from the polymerization of
hydrophobic monomers or water insoluble monomers and D is a polymeric segment
obtained from the polymerization of one or more water soluble monomers.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in one embodiment, the water-soluble monomers
may be nonionic or cationic.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein E is poly(2-ethylhyexyl acrylate).
11. The method of claim 8, wherein D has the formula:
wherein A is a nonionic monomer, J is a cationic polymer, x is 0 or a positive
integer and y is 0 or a positive integer.
1 . The method of claim 11, wherein the molar percentage of x:y is from about 0:100
to about 95:5.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the nonionic monomer is an amide.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein A has the formula:
CH2 C
C=0
NH2
wherein Ri is hydrogen or a C -C3 alkyl group. In one embodiment, R is hydrogen.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein J has the formula:
R2
CH2 C
C O
G
wherein R is hydrogen or a C 1-C3 alkyl group and G is a salt of an ammonium
The method of claim 15, wherein G has the formula:
or
-OR N(R4 R5R 6)+
wherein R3 is a C to C linear or branched alkylene group and R4, R5 and R6 can be the
same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CI to C4 linear
or branched alkyl, C5 to C8 cycloalkyl, aromatic or alkylaromatic group and M- is an
anion, such as chloride, bromide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate.
7. The method of claim 15, wherein G is derived from the group consisting of 2-
acryloxyethyletrimethyl ammonium chloride, 3-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl
ammonium chloride, 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and diallyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein J has the structure:
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the water soluble block copolymer has a number
average molecular weight within the range of from about 100,000 to about 8,000,000.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the treatment additive is added to the mixed liquor
upstream from the membranes.
. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment additive is added into the mixed
liquor in a location selected from the group consisting of a pump station, an aeration
nozzle and a sludge or mixed liquor recycling pipe.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein the treatment additive is added in amount of from
about 0.1 ppm by volume active polymers to about 100 ppm by volume active polymers,
based on the volume of the mixed liquor.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein the treatment additive further comprises a water
soluble polymer or inorganic coagulant.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the additional water-soluble polymers are
blended with the water-soluble block copolymer or added separately to the mixed liquor.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the inorganic coagulants are blended with the
water-soluble block copolymer or are added separately to the mixed liquor.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the additional water-soluble polymers are
selected from the group consisting of tannin- containing polymers, polydiallyldimethyl
ammonium chloride, polymethacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride,
copolymers of N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Acrylate Methyl Chloride and acrylamide.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the inorganic coagulants are selected from the
group of inorganic compounds containing Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe and combinations thereof.
28. A method of improving flux in a membrane bioreactor comprising dispersing a
treatment additive in the mixed liquor and passing the mixed liquor through a membrane,
wherein said treatment additive comprises a water soluble block copolymer.
29. A method of clarifying wastewater comprising adding wastewater to a membrane
bioreactor, adding microorganisms to the wastewater to prepare a mixed liquor,
conditioning the mixed liquor with a treatment additive, filtering the mixed liquor with a
membrane to produce clarified water, said treatment additive comprising a water soluble
block copolymer.