FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
“METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR
MODULATORS AND SOLID FORMS THEREOF”
2. APPLICANT:
(a) NAME: CIPLA LIMITED
(b) NATIONALITY: Indian Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956
(c) ADDRESS: Cipla House, Peninsula Business Park, Ganpatrao Kadam
Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400013, Maharashtra, India.

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is
to be performed.
2
FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to novel processes for synthesizing 1-(4-{1-[(E)-4-
cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy imino]ethyl}-2-ethyl-benzyl)-azetidine3-carboxylic acid, to intermediates and solid forms thereof that are used in such
processes and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the CNS that affects around 2.3
million people worldwide. There are three main forms of MS: RRMS (the most
common form of the condition at diagnosis), PPMS (primary progressive MS) and
SPMS (secondary progressive multiple sclerosis). MS disrupts the normal
functioning of the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord through inflammation and
tissue loss.
SPMS follows an initial form of RRMS, which accounts for approximately 85% of
all MS diagnoses, and is characterized by gradual worsening of neurological
function over time. This leads to a progressive accumulation of neurological
disability. There remains a high unmet need for safe and effective treatments to help
delay disability progression in SPMS with active disease (with relapses and/or
evidence of new MRI activity).
Siponimod is a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator for oral use
that is used for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis,
including secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) with active disease,
relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome
(CIS). It is intended for once-daily oral administration.
Siponimod, is chemically termed as 1-(4-{ 1-[ (E)-4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy imino ]ethyl }-2-ethyl-benzyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (hereinafter
referred to as Compound I),
3
Compound I
Siponimod and its salt was first known from the following patents applications:
US 7,939,519 B2 ( US '519) / WO2004/1 03306/ US 2018/0118678 A1. These
patent applications disclose the compound, a process for its manufacture, a specific
salt form of this compound and the use of the compound or its salt in a
pharmaceutical composition to treat multiple sclerosis via inhibition of the
proliferation of target cells, alone or in combination with further therapeutic agents.
The process described in US '519 is schematically represented below:
Scheme 1
US 9,604,914 B2 disclose alternate process to prepare Siponimod and its
monofumarate salt . The process is schematically represented below:
Scheme 2
4
WO 2019/064184 Al disclose modified process to prepare Siponimod and its
monofumarate salt . The process is schematically represented below:
Scheme 3
5
III
6
Although the above-mentioned patent applications already describe a process to
manufacture the Siponimod and its salts, thereof an object of the present invention
is a new improved and commercially viable process for the manufacture of this
compound.
Further, crystalline forms and/or salts of Siponimod can possess advantageous
properties in terms of their solubility and/or stability and/or bioavailability and/or
impurity profile and/or filtration characteristics and/or drying characteristics and/or
their ability to be handled and/or micronized and/or preparation of solid oral forms.
It has now been found that the aqueous solubility of Siponimod, especially the
solubility in a gastric or intestinal environment may be distinctly enhanced by
combining this drug with certain organic acids.
In view of the foregoing, it would also be desirable to provide new forms of
Siponimod. Additionally, the various forms of Siponimod could be used to prepare
improved pharmaceutical compositions
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:
The object of the present invention is to provide processes for the preparation of
Siponimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide novel intermediates that are
useful in the synthesis of Siponimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
7
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process which is simple,
economical and suitable for industrial scale-up.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide novel solid state forms of
Siponimod such as novel crystalline forms and co-crystals.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the
preparation of novel solid state forms of Siponimod.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide pharmaceutical composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of novel solid state forms of
Siponimod and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
Yet another object of the invention is to provide method of treatment of human or
animal body by therapy, wherein novel solid state forms of Siponimod, are useful.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
This invention is directed to methods of preparing Siponimod of Formula I or
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Siponimod and intermediates thereof and to
the solid state forms thereof.
In a first embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing Siponimod of
Formula I
8
which comprises: converting compound of Formula IV
to Siponimod of Formula I
In one embodiment conversion comprises,
a) reacting compound of Formula IV with hydroxyl amine to provide
compound of Formula III
and;
b) condensing compound of Formula III with compound of Formula II
9
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and fluoro;
in the presence of a suitable base to provide Siponimod of Formula I.
In an alternative embodiment, conversion comprises, reacting compound of
Formula IV with compound of Formula VIII
to provide Siponimod of Formula I.
In a second embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula IV
In a third embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing compound
of Formula IV, which comprises:
reacting compound of Formula VI
10
wherein X2 is a leaving group selected from halo such as chloro, bromo and iodo;
mesylate, tosylate, trilate, brosylate or phosphonate ;
with compound of Formula V
in the presence of a suitable base, to provide a compound of Formula IV
In a fifth embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula VI
wherein X2 is a leaving group selected from halo such as chloro, bromo and iodo;
mesylate, tosylate, trilate, brosylate or phosphonate.
In a sixth embodiment , the invention provides a process for preparing compound
of Formula VI, which comprises reacting compound of Formula VII
11
HO
O VII
with a suitable leaving group, preferably halogenating agent to provide a compound
of Formula VI.
In a seventh embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula III
In an eighth embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing
compound of Formula III, which comprises reacting compound of Formula IV with
hydroxyl amine to provide compound of Formula III.
In a nineth embodiment, the invention provides yet an alternate process for
preparing Siponimod of Formula I
which comprises: converting compound of Formula XI
12
wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, nbutyl
and t- butyl; to Siponimod of Formula I
In an embodiment conversion comprises,

a) reacting compound of Formula XI with compound of Formula IX or a salt
thereof
to provide compound of Formula X or salt
N
O
F
F
F
N
O
R1
O
X
wherein R1 is as defined above,
and;
b) hydrolyzing compound of Formula X or salt in the presence of a suitable
acid or base to provide Siponimod of Formula (I).
13
In a tenth embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula XI
wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, nbutyl and t- butyl.
In an eleventh embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing
compound of Formula XI.
In one embodiment the process comprises:
reacting compound of Formula XIII
wherein R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl, aryl sulfonyl,
acetyl,
with compound of Formula XII

wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, nbutyl to provide compound of Formula XI.
In an alternative embodiment the process comprises:
14
reacting compound of Formula VI
wherein X2 is a suitable leaving group; with compound of Formula XII

in the presence of a suitable base, to provide a compound of Formula XI
In a twelfth embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula XIII

wherein R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl, aryl sulfonyl,
acetyl.
In a thirteenth embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing
compound of Formula XIII, which comprises: reacting compound of Formula VII,
with suitable protecting group to provide a compound of Formula XIII.
15
In a fourteenth embodiment, the invention provides a process for preparing
compound of Formula IX or salt thereof,
the process comprises:
reacting compound of Formula II
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and fluoro; with
n-hydroxy phthalimide of Formula XV
in the presence of a suitable base and suitable solvent to provide compound of
Formula XIV
16
and;
reacting compound of Formula XIV with hydrazine or salt thereof in the presence
of suitable solvent to provide compound of Formula IX and optionally converting
to salt.
In a fifteenth embodiment, the invention provides novel compounds III, IV, VI, IX
XI and XIII. The compounds may be prepared according to the processes described
above.
In a sixteenth embodiment, the invention provides Siponimod or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof prepared by a process as described above.
In a seventeenth embodiment, the invention provides crystalline Siponimod
fumarate Form-C1.
In an eighteenth embodiment, the invention provides a process for the preparation
of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1.
In a nineteenth embodiment, the invention provides crystalline Siponimod
fumarate Form-C2.
In a twentieth embodiment, the invention provides a process for the preparation of
crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2.
17
In a twenty first embodiment, the invention provides a co-crystal of Siponimod
and adipic acid, pharmaceutical compositions containing the co-crystal, and
methods of administering the co-crystal to a patient for treating a disease.
In a twenty second embodiment, the invention provides co-crystal of Siponimod
and glutaric acid, pharmaceutical compositions containing the co-crystal, and
methods of administering the co-crystal to a patient for treating a disease.
In a twenty third embodiment, the invention provides crystalline Siponimod
fumarate Form-C3.
In a twenty fourth embodiment, the invention provides a process for the preparation
of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3.
In a twenty fifth embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition comprising Siponimod or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or
crystalline polymorphs or co-crystal thereof, prepared by a process as described
above, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Such
excipients are well known to those skilled in the art.
In a twenty sixth embodiment, the invention provides the use of Siponimod or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystalline polymorphs or co-crystal thereof,
prepared by a process as described above in medicine.
In a twenty seventh embodiment, the invention provides Siponimod or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystalline polymorphs or co-crystal thereof,
prepared by a process as described above for use in the treatment of adults with
relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
In a twenty eighth embodiment, the invention provides the use of Siponimod or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystalline polymorphs or co-crystal thereof,
18
prepared by a process as described above, in the manufacture of a medicament for
treating adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
In a twenty nineth embodiment, the invention provides the use of Siponimod or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystalline polymorphs or co-crystal thereof,
prepared by a process as described above in the treatment of adults with relapsing
forms of multiple sclerosis.
In a thirtieth embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating relapsing
forms of multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment, which method
comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of
Siponimod or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystalline polymorphs or cocrystal thereof, prepared by a process as described above.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of crystalline
Siponimod fumarate Form-C1
Figure 2 depicts DSC of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1
Figure 3 depicts TGA of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1
Figure 4 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of crystalline
Siponimod fumarate Form-C2
Figure 5 depicts DSC of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2
Figure 6 depicts TGA of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2
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Figure 7 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of crystalline
Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
Figure 8 depicts DSC of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
Figure 9 depicts TGA of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
Figure 10 depicts Solid state 13C NMR of crystalline Siponimod fumarate FormC3
Figure 11 depicts Raman spectra of crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
Figure 12 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of Siponimod adipic
acid co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 13 depicts DSC of crystalline Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 14 depicts TGA of crystalline Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 15 depicts Solid state 13C NMR of crystalline Siponimod adipic acid cocrystal Form-C1
Figure 16 depicts Raman spectra of crystalline Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal
Form-C1
Figure 17 depicts an ORTEP representation of crystalline Siponimod adipic acid
co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 18 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of Siponimod
glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1
20
Figure 19 depicts DSC of crystalline Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 20 depicts TGA of crystalline Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1
Figure 21 depicts X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) pattern of Siponimod base
Form-C1
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of Siponimod which
process is economical, fast and which results in a high purity Siponimod product.
In an embodiment, Siponimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is
prepared by a process which comprises converting compound of Formula IV to
Siponimod of Formula I.
Accordingly, one embodiment of the process for the preparation of Siponimod is
as
shown in Scheme 4.
Scheme 4
21
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and fluoro,
preferably bromo or chloro.
22
The compound of Formula III and IV are hitherto unreported intermediates useful
in the process for the preparation of Siponimod as described herein.
In an embodiment ketone of Formula IV is reacted with hydroxylamine salt in the
presence of a suitable base to provide ketoxime of Formula III.
An oxime can be produced by any of the following processes:
(i) reacting a ketone with an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine;
(ii) reacting a ketone with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in the presence
of a catalyst such as titanosilicate;
In the production process (i) for an oxime, since hydroxylamine is unstable, a
method where a hydroxylamine salt undergoes double decomposition in the
presence of a ketone in a reaction vessel and then a liberated hydroxylamine and
ketone are reacted is generally employed for safety operation. Here, preferably, a
ketone of Formula IV and hydroxylamine are reacted in equimolar amounts.
Since hydroxylamine used in the production process (i) for an oxime is unstable, it
is produced and sold as an aqueous solution of an acid salt of hydroxylamine such
as hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine carbonate. Before conducting a
reaction, a base such as aqueous ammonia is added to the solution to liberate
hydroxylamine, which is used for the reaction. Although an aqueous solution of
hydroxylamine preliminarily liberated can be fed in the production process of an
oxime, generally an aqueous solution of an acid salt of hydroxylamine (preferably,
hydrochloride or sulfate) and a base (preferably, aqueous ammonia) are fed into an
oxime-forming reaction vessel, to liberate hydroxylamine in the reaction vessel.
The additional base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate or
23
lithium carbonate; alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium
bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium
methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium tbutoxide or potassium t-butoxide; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine and the like.
In a production step of an oxime, a solvent is used. Preferably, an oxime is highly
dissolvable in the solvent. A suitable solvent depends on the type of an oxime.
Generally, the reaction solvent must be inert. By “inert organic solvent” is meant
an organic solvent, which under the reaction conditions of a process according to
the present invention, does not react with either the reactants or the products.
In addition, as a solvent used in a production step of an oxime, a solvent which may
react with a starting material during production of the oxime, even if the solvent
exhibits good dissolvability of the oxime, is preferably precluded. For example,
when a ketone or aldehyde is used as a solvent, it reacts with hydroxylamine to form
a ketoxime or aldoxime. When a nitrile is used as a solvent, it reacts with
hydroxylamine to form an amidoxime. An amide also, when being used as a solvent,
forms an adduct with hydroxylamine. When an amine is used as a solvent, it reacts
with a ketone to form a Schiff base. Therefore, these solvents, although these exhibit
good dissolvability of an oxime, must be precluded from a solvent herein.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of C1 to C6 halogenated
hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon
tetrachloride and the like; C6 to Cl4 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene,
ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene
and cyclohexylbenzen, C1 to C5 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol,
t-butanol and the like; C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate,
24
isopropyl acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and the
like; C4 to C7 ethers, C1 to C5 carboxylic acids, water, or suitable mixtures of these
solvents.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 0°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 20°C to about 100°C, more
preferably about 30°C to about 80°C; for about an hour to about 20 hours,
preferably about 2 hours to about 15 hours, most preferably about 5 hours to about
12 hours.
Preferably, ketoxime is prepared by refluxing an aqueous solution of compound
of formula IV with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Preferably, the reaction mixture is neutralized with acid, and the product is isolated,
for example by filtration, extraction, and/or distillation.
Alternatively, ketoxime may be produced by applying methods known in the prior
art.
For example, oximation may be efficiently carried out with NH2OHꞏHCl under
microwave irradiation. The reaction is performed in water or water-ethanol as green
solvents to give in a perfect selectively with excellent yields.
Alternatively, ketoxime may be prepared by basic aluminia, CaO, and TiO2/(SO42-
) coupled with microwave irradiation under solvent-free condition.
Alternatively ZnO catalyst may be used in a microwave irradiation under solventfree condition to prepare ketoxime.
Alternatively, the ketoxime may be prepared by simply grinding ketone with
hydroxylamine hydrochloride and Bi2O3 in a mortar with a pestle at room
25
temperature for the required period of time. This method minimizes waste disposal
problems.
Ketoxime of Formula III obtained by the above processes may be optionally
purified by crystallization. There are no particular restrictions to a solvent in
crystallization purification of an oxime as long as it is inert to an oxime and can
appropriately solve an oxime.
Ketoxime of Formula III is reacted with compound of Formula II in the presence of
a suitable base, and a suitable solvent to provide Siponimod I.
The compound of Formula II can be prepared by the process described in this
application or any of the processes described in the art.
The base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate;
alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or
potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide,
potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide or
potassium t-butoxide; alkali metal phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate
or potassium hydrogen phosphate; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine; an alkali metal amides such as
sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium
diethylamide; an alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium
hydride; alkyllithiums such as BuLi and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine,
N-methylmorpholine , or 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[ 5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
26
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of C1 to C5 alcohols such as
methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol and
the like; C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and
the like; C4 to C7 ethers such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether,
cyclic ethers such as THF, 1,4-dioxane; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propanonitriel;
ketones such as acetone, propanone; polar aprotic solvents such as
dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; halogenated solvent
such as chloroform, dichloromethane (MDC), dichloroethane (EDC); C6 to Cl4
aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene; water, or suitable mixtures of these
solvents.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 0°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 10°C to about 120°C, more
preferably about 30°C to about 100°C; for about 10 minutes to about 20 hours,
preferably about 30 minutes to about 15 hours, most preferably about an hour to
about 10 hours.
Preferably, Siponimod is prepared by refluxing ketoxime of formula III with
compound II ( wherein X1 is chloro) in triethylamine and MDC.
Alternatively, Siponimod is prepared by treating ketoxime of formula III with
compound II ( wherein X1 is chloro) in cesium carbonate in DMF at 25°C, or
potassium carbonate in acetonitrile at reflux, or potassium carbonate in acetone at
35-40°C, or sodium iodide in THF at 60°C, or sodium hydroxide & TBAB in
toluene at 70°C

After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is added to water and the
organic layer is concentrated to obtain the Siponimod of Formula I.
27
In another embodiment ketone of Formula IV is reacted with compound of
Formula VIII to provide Siponimod I.
Preferably, compound of Formula VIII is first reacted with an acid to generate
insitu, an intermediate oxime of Formula IX or salt thereof.
Examples of acids include but not limited to the inorganic acids such as
hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid; organic acids such
as p-toluene sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid, benzyl
sulfonic acid and the like.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of C1 to C5 alcohols such as
methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, t-butanol or
mixture thereof and the like.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -20°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about -15°C to about 50°C, more
preferably about 5°C to about 40°C; for about 15 minutes to about to about 5 hours,
preferably about an hour to about 20 minutes to about 3 hours, most preferably
about 25 minutes to about 2 hours.
In one embodiment oxime of Formula IX is isolated.
In another embodiment oxime of Formula IX is not isolated.
28
Intermediate oxime of Formula IX is then reacted with ketone of Formula IV to
provide Siponimod I.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of C1 to C5 alcohols such as
methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, t-butanol or
mixture thereof and the like.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 0°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 15°C to about 80°C, more
preferably about 25°C to about 40°C; for about 1 hour to about 35 hours, preferably
about 5 hours to about 30 hours, most preferably about 10 hours to about 25 hours.
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture may be concentrated and the
resultant suspension may be filtered or the mixture may be extracted with a suitable
water immiscible solvent such as ethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate and the organic
layer is concentrated to obtain the Siponimod of Formula I.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided
process for the preparation of novel intermediate of Formula IV as shown in
Scheme 5.
Scheme 5
29
(Bracket indicates that the intermediate could be isolated, but is not isolated in the
preferred embodiment of the present invention.)
wherein X2 is a leaving group selected from halo such as chloro, bromo and iodo;
mesylate, tosylate, trilate, brosylate, phosphonate or another suitable leaving group.
30
Leaving groups and methods of adding them to organic compounds are well known
to those of skill in the art. (See Wuts, Peter G. M. and Greene, Theodore W.,
Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4'h Edition, Wiley, 2006, Print
ISBN: 978-0-471-697S4-1, Online ISBN: 97804700S348S). Preferably X2 is
selected from halo, more preferably chloro and bromo.
The compound of Formula IV and VI are hitherto unreported intermediates useful
in the process for the preparation of Siponimod as described herein.
In a preferred embodiment compound of Formula VII, is treated with a halogenating
agent to provide compound of Formula VI.
A suitable halogenating agent is selected from chlorinating agent, brominating
agent and iodinating agent. Examples of chlorinating agent are: thionyl chloride,
hydrogen chloride, N-chloro succinimide, sulfonyl chlorides such as methane
sulfonyl chloride, ethane sulfonyl chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, p-toluene
sulfonyl chloride; 1, 3-Dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, PCl3, PCl5, POCl3 or
HCl gas.
Examples of brominating agents are: hydrogen bromide, POBr3, N-bromo
succinimide, sulfonyl bromides, 1, 3-Dibromo-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, PBr3,
PBr5, or HBr gas.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of halogenated hydrocarbons such
as MDC, EDC, chloroform; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene; C1 to
C5 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile; acetic acid, acetic
anhydride, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or mixture thereof and the like.
31
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -10°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about -5°C to about 120°C, more
preferably about 0°C to about 100°C; for about 30 minutes to about to about 10
hours, preferably about 1 hour to about 7 hours, most preferably about 2 hours to
about 5 hours.
After completion of the reaction the mixture may be quenched with water and the
resultant solution may be extracted with a suitable water immiscible solvent such
as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene. The solvent layer may be concentrated
to get the compound of formula VI.
In an embodiment compound of formula VI is reacted with compound V in the
presence of a suitable base and a suitable solvent.
The base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate;
alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or
potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide,
potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide or
potassium t-butoxide; alkali metal phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate
or potassium hydrogen phosphate; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine; an alkali metal amides such as
sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium
hexamethyldisilazide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diethylamide; an
alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkyllithiums
such as BuLi and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine
, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[ 5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
32
Generally, the reaction solvent must be inert. By “inert organic solvent” is meant
an organic solvent, which under the reaction conditions of a process according to
the present invention, does not react with either the reactants or the products.
A suitable inert organic solvent for use in a process according to the present
invention can be selected from but are not limited to, the group comprising of polar
solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; 1,4-dioxane,
tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone; C1 to C5 alcohols
such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tbutanol; C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and
the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propanonitrile; ketones such as acetone,
propanone;
halogenated solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane (MDC); an alkane such
as hexane, heptane; dialkyl ether such as ethyl ether, diiosopropylether, tbutylmethyl ether or methyl cyclopentylether, water and other inert organic
solvents known in the art or mixtures thereof.
Alternatively, the above reaction can be carried in the presence of a weaker base
such
as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethyl
aminopyridine (DMAP), in a ketone solvent such as acetone, methylethylketone,
or cyclohexanone.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -40°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about -30°C to about 80°C, more
preferably about -20°C to about 70°C; for about 1 hour to about to about 30 hours,
preferably about 5 hours to about 25 hours, most preferably about 10 hours to
about 20 hours.
33
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture is added to water and the
resultant suspension may be filtered or the mixture may be extracted with a suitable
water immiscible solvent such as ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane and the
organic layer is concentrated to obtain the compound of formula IV. Compound IV
may be optionally purified by silica gel column chromatography.
Accordingly, second embodiment of the process for the preparation of Siponimod
is as shown in Scheme 6.
Scheme 6
34
HO
O
O
O
R2
HN
O
R1
O
Base
O
N
O
R1
O
O
2HN
CF3
N
O
F
F
F
N
O
R1
O
N
O
F
F
F
N
HO
O
Hydrolysis
X or salt
IX or salt
XI
XII
XIII
VII
SIPONIMOD I
35
(Bracket indicates that the intermediates could be isolated, but are not isolated in
the preferred embodiment of the present invention.)
wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, nbutyl and t- butyl and R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl,
aryl sulfonyl, acetyl.
The compounds of Formula IX, XI and XIII are hitherto unreported intermediates
useful in the process for the preparation of Siponimod as described herein.
In a preferred embodiment compound of Formula VII is reacted with a suitable
protecting group in the presence of a suitable base and solvent to provide compound
of Formula XIII. Leaving groups and methods of adding them to organic
compounds are well known to those of skill in the art. (See Wuts, Peter G. M. and
Greene, Theodore W., Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4'h
Edition, Wiley, 2006, Print ISBN: 978-0-471-697S4-1, Online ISBN:
97804700S348S).
In an embodiment, preferred protecting groups are selected from but are not limited
to, the group comprising alkyl sulfonyl halides such as methane sulfonyl chloride,
ethane sulfonyl chloride, aryl sulfonyl halides such as p-toluene sulfonyl chloride,
benzene sulfonyl chloride, p- bromophenyl sulfonyl chloride; p-chlorobenzene
sulfonyl chloride; acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride.
The base is preferably selected from organic base and inorganic bases. Preferably
base is organic base selected from the group comprising of amine bases such as
triethylamine, diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl
dimethyl amine; aromatic amines such as pyridine, piperidine and lutidine; an
alkali metal amides such as sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium
36
hexamethyldisilazide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide, lithium
hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diethylamide; an alkali metal hydrides such as
sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkyllithiums such as BuLi and Nmethylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine , or 1,8-diazabicyclo[
5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of halogenated hydrocarbons such
as MDC, EDC, chloroform; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene; aprotic
solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; 1,4-dioxane,
tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone; C2 to C7 esters such
as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and the like; or mixture thereof
and the like.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -10°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about -5°C to about 120°C, more
preferably about 0°C to about 100°C; for about 1 hour to about to about 30 hours,
preferably about 2 hours to about 20 hours, most preferably about 5 hours to about
10 hours.
After completion of the reaction the mixture may be quenched with water and the
resultant solution may be extracted with a suitable water immiscible solvent such
as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene. The solvent layer may be concentrated
to get the compound of formula XIII.
In an embodiment compound of Formula XIII is reacted with compound of Formula
XII (wherein R1 is methyl) in the presence of a suitable base and a suitable solvent
to provide compound of Formula XI.
37
In an alternative embodiment compound of Formula VI is reacted with compound
of Formula XII (wherein R1 is methyl) in the presence of a suitable base and a
suitable solvent to provide compound of Formula XI.
The base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate;
alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or
potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide,
potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide or
potassium t-butoxide; alkali metal phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate
or potassium hydrogen phosphate; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine; an alkali metal amides such as
sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium
hexamethyldisilazide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diethylamide; an
alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkyllithiums
such as BuLi and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine
, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[ 5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
Generally, the reaction solvent must be inert. By “inert organic solvent” is meant
an organic solvent, which under the reaction conditions of a process according to
the present invention, does not react with either the reactants or the products.
A suitable inert organic solvent for use in a process according to the present
invention can be selected from but are not limited to, the group comprising of polar
solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl
sulfoxide
(DMSO), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; 1,4-dioxane,
38
tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone; C1 to C5 alcohols
such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tbutanol; C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and
the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propanonitrile; ketones such as acetone,
propanone;
halogenated solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane (MDC); an alkane such
as hexane, heptane; dialkyl ether such as ethyl ether, diiosopropylether, tbutylmethyl ether or methyl cyclopentylether, water and other inert organic
solvents known in the art or mixtures thereof.
Alternatively, the above reaction can be carried in the presence of a weaker base
such
as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethyl
aminopyridine (DMAP), in a ketone solvent such as acetone, methylethylketone,
or cyclohexanone.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 0°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 5°C to about 100°C, more
preferably about 10°C to about 80°C; for about 1 hour to about to about 30 hours,
preferably about 5 hours to about 25 hours, most preferably about 10 hours to
about 20 hours.
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture is added to water and the
resultant suspension may be filtered or the mixture may be extracted with a suitable
water immiscible solvent such as ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane and the
organic layer is concentrated to obtain the compound of formula XI. Compound XI
may be optionally purified by silica gel column chromatography.
In an embodiment , compound of Formula XI is reacted with the oxime of
Formula IX or salt thereof in the presence of a suitable solvent to provide
Siponimod ester of Formula X or salt thereof.
39
A suitable inert organic solvent for use in a process according to the present
invention can be selected from but are not limited to C1-C4 alcoholic solvent such
as methanol,
ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, or n-butanol, isobutanol, t- butanol;
tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, water or mixtures thereof.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -5°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 0°C to about 100°C, more
preferably about 10°C to about 80°C; for about 1 hour to about to about 40 hours,
preferably about 5 hours to about 35 hours, most preferably about 10 hours to
about 25 hours.
Preferably, reaction is conducted in the absence of a base.
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture is concentrated and the
resultant suspension may be filtered or the mixture may be extracted with a suitable
water immiscible solvent such as ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane and the
organic layer is concentrated to obtain the compound of formula X or salt thereof.
Compound X or salt thereof may be optionally purified by silica gel column
chromatography.
In an embodiment, Siponimod ester of Formula X or salt thereof is hydrolyzed in
the presence of a suitable acid or a base in the presence of a suitable solvent to
provide Siponimod of Formula I.
The base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate;
40
alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or
potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide,
potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide or
potassium t-butoxide; alkali metal phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate
or potassium hydrogen phosphate; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine; an alkali metal amides such as
sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium
hexamethyldisilazide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diethylamide; an
alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkyllithiums
such as BuLi and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine
, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[ 5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
The acid is preferably selected from the group comprising of hydrochloric acid
methane sulfonic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, para toluene sulfonic acid and
the like.
A suitable inert organic solvent for use in a process according to the present
invention can be selected from but are not limited to C1-C4 alcoholic solvent such
as methanol,
ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, or n-butanol, isobutanol, t- butanol;
tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, water or mixtures thereof.

The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about -10°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about -5°C to about 80°C, more
preferably about 0°C to about 60°C; for about 1 hour to about to about 40 hours,
preferably about 5 hours to about 35 hours, most preferably about 10 hours to
about 25 hours.
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture may be concentrated and the
resultant suspension may be filtered or the mixture may be extracted with a suitable
41
water immiscible solvent such as ethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate and the organic
layer is concentrated to obtain the Siponimod of Formula I.
The obtained crude Siponimod may be purified using known purification
techniques such as slurring and recrystallization using a suitable solvent to get pure
Siponimod of Formula I or using silica gel column chromatography.
Siponimod base obtained by the processes of the present invention may be
converted to the pharmaceutically acceptable salt by reacting the free base form of
the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of Siponimod include
salts with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, nitrate and sulfate,
salts with organic acids, such as acetate, adipate, fumarate, hemifumarate, malate,
maleate, benzoate, citrate, malate, methanesulfonate, oxalate, tartrate, glutarate and
benzenesulfonate salts, or, when appropriate, salts with metals such as sodium,
potassium, calcium and aluminium, salts with amines, such as triethylamine and
salts with dibasic amino acids, such as lysine. In a preferred embodiment
Siponimod is Siponimod hemifumarate.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided
process for the preparation of Intermediate oxime of Formula IX or of Formula
IV as shown in Scheme 7.
Scheme 7
42
(Bracket indicates that the intermediate could be isolated, but is not isolated in the
preferred embodiment of the present invention.)
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and fluoro,
preferably bromo or chloro.
The compound of Formula IX is hitherto unreported intermediate useful in the
process for the preparation of Siponimod as described herein.
In an embodiment compound II is reacted with n-hydroxy phthalimide of Formula
XV
in the presence of a suitable base and suitable solvent to provide compound of
Formula XIV.
43
The base is preferably selected from the group comprising of alkali metal
hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide; alkali metal
carbonates such as sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate;
alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate or
potassium bicarbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide,
potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide or
potassium t-butoxide; alkali metal phosphates such as sodium hydrogen phosphate
or potassium hydrogen phosphate; amine bases such as triethylamine,
diisopropylamine, tripropyl amine, tributyl amine, or cyclohexyl dimethyl amine;
aromatic amines such as pyridine, and lutidine; an alkali metal amides such as
sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium
hexamethyldisilazide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diethylamide; an
alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkyllithiums
such as BuLi and N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine
, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[ 5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like.
Generally, the reaction solvent must be inert. By “inert organic solvent” is meant
an organic solvent, which under the reaction conditions of a process according to
the present invention, does not react with either the reactants or the products.
A suitable inert organic solvent for use in a process according to the present
invention can be selected from but are not limited to, the group comprising of polar
solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl
sulfoxide
(DMSO), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; 1,4-dioxane,
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone; C1 to C5
alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol; C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropyl
44
acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propanonitrile; ketones such as
acetone, propanone;
halogenated solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane (MDC); an alkane such
as hexane, heptane; dialkyl ether such as ethyl ether, diiosopropylether, tbutylmethyl ether or methyl cyclopentylether, water and other inert organic
solvents known in the art or mixtures thereof.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 20°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 30°C to about 100°C, more
preferably about 40°C to about 80°C; for about 30 minutes to about to about 10
hours, preferably about 1 hour to about 5 hours.
After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture is cooled to the room
temperature and solids are isolated by filtration to obtain the compound of formula
XIV.
Compound XIV may be optionally purified by known techniques.
In an embodiment, compound of Formula XIV is reacted with hydrazine or salts
thereof of suitable solvent to provide compound of Formula IX.
Examples of hydrazine salts include but not limited to the hydrazine hydrochloride,
hydrazine sulfate and the like.
The reaction is preferably conducted in any suitable solvent, which may for
example be selected from the group comprising of THF, DMF, DMSO, C1 to C5
alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol or mixture thereof and the like.
The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of about 0°C to about reflux
temperature of the solvent used, preferably about 10°C to about 50°C, more
45
preferably about 20°C to about 40°C; for about 1hour to about 10 hours, preferably
about 2 hours to 8 hours, most preferably about 3 hours to about 6 hours.
After completion of the reaction, the inorganics are separated and clear filtrate is
concentrated to obtain oxime of Formula IX.
In one embodiment oxime of Formula IX is isolated.
In another embodiment oxime of Formula IX is not isolated and converted to the
salt.
Example of acid addition salts include but not limited to the salts with organic
acids, such as oxalate, tartrate, citrate, malate, acetate, adipate, fumarate,
hemifumarate, malate, maleate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, glutarate and
benzenesulfonate salts, salts with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride,
hydrobromide, nitrate and sulfate. In a preferred embodiment oxime of Formula IX
is converted to oxalate salt.
In another embodiment, the invention provides crystalline polymorphs of
Siponimod fumarate.
As polymorphic forms are reliably characterized by peak positions in the X-ray
diffractogram, the polymorphs of the present invention have been characterized by
powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy which produces a fingerprint of the
particular crystalline form. Measurements of 2θ values are accurate to within ± 0.2
degrees. All the powder diffraction patterns were measured on a PANalytical
X’Pert3 X-ray powder diffractometer with a copper-K-α radiation source.
The invention further provides processes for the preparation of polymorphs.
46
Thus, in first aspect, the present invention provides the crystalline Siponimod
fumarate, wherein the said fumarate is referred to as “Form-C1”.
The crystalline Form-C1 is relatively stable towards moisture and humidity, thereby
representing a crystalline form of Siponimod fumarate, thus enhancing the efficacy
of the parent molecule in lower doses.
The crystalline Form-C1 according to the present invention may be characterized
by powder X-ray diffraction.
Crystalline Form-C1 may be characterized by having an XRPD diffractogram
comprising peaks at 7.23, 12.34, 12.70, 16.49 and 17.78 ± 0.2 °2θ. The XRPD
diffractogram may comprise further peaks at 11.75, 13.65, 15.67, 18.58 and 26.05
± 0.2 °2θ. The XRPD diffractogram may be as depicted in Figure 1.
The crystalline Form-C1 according to the present invention may also be
characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting three endothermic peaks,
melting with a first endotherm onset at around 65.50±5°C and a peak maximum at
78.61±5°C, second endotherm onset at around 95.79±5°C and a peak maximum at
105.66±5°C and third endotherm onset at around 115.75±5°C and a peak maximum
at 134.22±5°C .
In an embodiment, crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1 may be characterized
by having a DSC spectrum as shown in Figure 2.
The crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1 may also be characterized by having
a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in Figure 3.
TGA data indicated little or no weight loss up to 140°C. A small weight loss,
typically about 1.8%, was observed between 30°C and 145°C, probably associated
with inclusion of the water in the crystals. The TGA analysis indicates the
crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C1 may be a hydrate form.
47
Those skilled in the art would recognize that Form C1 may be further characterized
by other methods including, but not limited to IR, solid state NMR, intrinsic
dissolution and Raman spectroscopy.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for
preparing crystalline Form C1 of Siponimod fumarate, the process comprising:
a) suspending Siponimod fumarate in a non polar solvent selected from but
not limited to hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene and the like ;
b) stirring for at least 20-25 hours at 25-30°C;
c) isolating the precipitated crystalline Form C1; and
d) drying under reduced pressure at 40-50°C, preferably at 30-50°C for at least
3-4 hours.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides the crystalline Siponimod
fumarate, wherein the said fumarate is referred to as “Form C2”.
The crystalline Form C2 is relatively stable towards moisture and humidity, thereby
representing a crystalline form of Siponimod fumarate, thus enhancing the efficacy
of the parent molecule in lower doses.
The crystalline Form C2 according to the present invention may be characterized
by powder X-ray diffraction.
Crystalline Form C2 may be characterized by having an XRPD diffractogram
comprising peaks at 6.46, 11.96, 15.66, 17.54 and 18.08 ± 0.2 °2θ. The XRPD
diffractogram may comprise further peaks at 3.94, 13.53, 16.64, 22.85 and 24.60 ±
0.2 °2θ. The XRPD diffractogram may be as depicted in Figure 4.
The crystalline Form C2 according to the present invention may also be
characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting two endothermic peaks, melting
48
with a first endotherm onset at around 88.67±5°C and a peak maximum at
98.72±5°C, and second endotherm onset at around 124.58±5°C and a peak
maximum at 138.57±5°C.
In an embodiment, crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2 may be characterized
by having a DSC spectrum as shown in Figure 5.
The crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2 may also be characterized by having
a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in Figure 6.
TGA data indicated little or no weight loss up to 140°C. A small weight loss,
typically about 2.24%, was observed between 30°C and 145°C, probably associated
with inclusion of the crystallizing solvent in the crystals. The TGA analysis
indicates the crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C2 may be a solvate of Nmethyl pyrrolidone (NMP).
Those skilled in the art would recognize that Form C2 may be further characterized
by other methods including, but not limited to IR, solid state NMR, intrinsic
dissolution and Raman spectroscopy.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for
preparing crystalline Form C2 of Siponimod fumarate, the process comprising:
a) dissolving Siponimod fumarate in a polar aprotic solvent selected from but
not limited to acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF),
dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl
pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, diglyme; 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran,
methyltetrahydrofuran,;
b) adding water to the mixture;
c) stirring for at least 2-5 hours at 25-30°C;
49
d) isolating the precipitated crystalline Form C2; and
e) drying under reduced pressure at 40-70°C, preferably at 50-60°C for at least
3-5 hours.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the crystalline Siponimod
fumarate, wherein the said fumarate is referred to as “Form-C3”.
The crystalline Form-C3 is relatively stable towards moisture and humidity, thereby
representing a crystalline form of Siponimod fumarate, thus enhancing the efficacy
of the parent molecule in lower doses.
The crystalline Form-C3 according to the present invention may be characterized
by powder X-ray diffraction.
Crystalline Form-C3 may be characterized by having an XRPD diffractogram
comprising peaks at 4.67, 9.37, 10.68, 11.72, 14.50 and 19.17± 0.2°2θ. The XRPD
diffractogram may be as depicted in Figure 7.
The crystalline Form-C3 according to the present invention may also be
characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting single endothermic peak,
melting with an endotherm onset at around 130.18±5°C and a peak maximum at
134.76±5°C.
In an embodiment, crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3 may be characterized
by having a DSC spectrum as shown in Figure 8.
The crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3 may also be characterized by having
a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in Figure 9.
TGA data indicated little or no weight loss up to 140°C. A small weight loss,
typically about 0.42%, was observed between 30°C and 145°C, probably associated
50
with inclusion of the crystallizing solvent in the crystals. The TGA analysis
indicates the crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3 is the anhydrous form.
In an embodiment, crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3 may be characterized
by having a Solid-state 13C NMR spectra as shown in Figure 10.
In an embodiment, crystalline Siponimod fumarate Form-C3 may be characterized
by having a Raman spectra as shown in Figure 11.
Those skilled in the art would recognize that Form-C3 may be further characterized
by other methods including, but not limited to IR, intrinsic dissolution and Raman
spectroscopy.
Preferably the crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate, has a crystalline purity
of at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, most
preferably at least 99% by weight.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for
preparing crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate, the process comprising:
a) treating Siponimod fumarate in a suitable first organic solvent or mixture
of organic solvents;
b) treating with a second organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents;
c) isolating the precipitated crystalline Form-C3; and
d) drying the solids.
The Siponimod fumarate may be in any polymorphic form or in a mixture of any
polymorphic forms. Preferably, Siponimod fumarate is in the amorphous form.
The starting material Siponimod fumarate can be obtained by the process of the
present invention or any methods known in the art, such as the one described in
U.S. Pat. No. US 9,604,914 B2 which is incorporated herein by reference.
51
In an embodiment first and second organic solvents used in the preparation of Form
C3, are different. Preferably, first organic solvent is polar solvent and second
organic solvent is non-polar solvent.
In one embodiment treating includes mixing, dissolving, slurring or suspending the
Siponimod fumarate in the first solvent.
Suitable first solvent includes polar solvent and non polar solvent. Polar solvents
include but are not limited to C1-C4 alcohol such as methanol, ethanol,
isopropanol, n-propanol, t-butanol, iso-butanol, trifluoro ethanol and the like;
ketones such as acetone, butanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl
ketone, methyl vinyl ketone; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile; polar aprotic
solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran,
methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, sulfolane, diglyme, trioxane, N-methyl
pyrrolidone and dimethyl acetamide;
halogenated hydrocarbons such as MDC, EDC, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride;
aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as
toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene and the like or mixture thereof.
Preferably, Siponimod fumarate is treated with first solvent at about -20°C to about
reflux temperature of the solvent used.
Preferably, the solution is maintained at about 40°C to about 60°C.
Suitable second solvent includes polar solvent and non-polar solvent. Polar solvents
include but are not limited to water, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether,
diisopropyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,4-dioxane;
ketones such as isobutyl methyl ketone, ethyl methyl ketone, acetone, methyl tbutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone.
Non-polar solvents include but are not limited to hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene,
tetraline, chlorobezene and the like or mixture thereof.
52
Prior to the addition, preferably, second solvent is maintained at about -20°C to
about 30°C, preferably at about -15°C to about 15°C.
Prior to the addition, optionally Form-C3 seeds are charged to the second solvent
solution to form the seed slurry.
In one embodiment, solution of first solvent is added to the either solution or slurry
of second solvent while stirring.
In another embodiment, solution or slurry of second solvent is added to the solution
of first solvent while stirring.
Typically, after the addition, a slurry is obtained. The obtained slurry is preferably
maintained while stirring. Preferably, stirring is done for a period of about 15
minutes to about 10 hours, more preferably, for about 30 minutes to about 5 hours
at about -15°C to about 15°C, preferably at about -10°C to about 15°C, more
preferably at -5°C to about 5°C.

Typically, a precipitate is formed in the solution. In an embodiment, isolation
include but not limited to filtration by gravity or suction, centrifugation,
decantation, and any other known techniques in the art. Preferably, removing the
precipitate is done by filtration.
Preferably, the obtained precipitate is dried to obtain a solid form. In an
embodiment, drying can be carried out in a tray dryer, vacuum oven, air oven, cone
vacuum dryer, rotary vacuum dryer, fluidized bed dryer, spin flash dryer, flash
dryer, or the like.
53
The drying may be done at a temperature of about 30°C to about 60°C, preferably
at about 40°C to about 50°C. Preferably, drying is performed for about 1 hour to
about 10 hours, more preferably, for about 2 to about 5 hours.
Crystalline forms of Siponimod fumarate of the present invention may be used in
the purification of Siponimod hemifumarate and in the preparation of other
crystalline forms.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides novel synergistic
pharmaceutical compounds of Siponimod with group of organic acids also recalled
as "co-former”. The pharmaceutical compound may be a co-crystal
The novel pharmaceutical compounds are relatively stable towards the moisture and
humidity, thereby representing an amorphous or a crystalline form of
pharmaceutical compound, thus enhancing the efficacy of the parent molecule in
lower doses.
In an embodiment “co-former” is selected from one or more pharmaceutically
acceptable organic acids.
Organic acids are preferably selected from but not limited to the group comprising
of adipic acid and glutaric acid.
The present co-crystal, typically comprises Siponimod and the organic acid within
the same crystalline phase in a molar ratio ranging from 1:0.25 to 1:1.2.
In a first aspect of the invention is provided a co-crystal of Siponimod and adipic
acid. In some embodiments, co-crystal is hemi adipic acid co-crystal. In some
embodiments, co-crystal is mono adipic acid co-crystal. The adipic acid co-crystal
can, in certain embodiments, be in hydrated or solvated form. Preferably, the co-
54
crystal comprises Siponimod and adipic acid within the same crystalline phase in a
molar ratio ranging from 1 :0.25 to 1:0.75. More preferably the co-crystal comprises
Siponimod and adipic acid within the same crystalline phase in a molar ratio of 1 :
0.5.
The crystalline Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal is referred to as “Form C1”.
In an embodiment, Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form C1, can be characterized
as having peaks in X-ray powder diffraction patterns obtained therefrom. For
example, co-crystal can be characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern
having peaks at one or more of the following 2-theta diffraction angles: 4.97, 6.50,
9.58, 13.03, 16.79, 19.58 and 21.85±0.2˚2θ.
In another embodiment, Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form C1, is characterized
by having an XRD pattern as shown in Figure 12.
The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1, according to the present invention
may also be characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting single endothermic
peak, melting with an endotherm onset at around 123.48±5°C and a peak maximum
at 129.48±5°C.
In an embodiment, Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 may be characterized
by having a DSC spectrum as shown in Figure 13.
The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 may also be characterized by having
a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in Figure 14.
TGA data indicated little or no weight loss up to 130°C. A small weight loss,
typically about 0.144%, was observed between 30°C and 135°C, probably
associated with inclusion of the crystallizing solvent in the crystals. The TGA
55
analysis indicates the Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 is the anhydrous
form.
In an embodiment Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 may be
characterized by having a Solid-state 13C NMR spectra as shown in Figure 15.
In an embodiment, Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 may be
characterized by having a Raman spectra as shown in Figure 16.
In an embodiment, Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot (ORTEP) of the Siponimod
adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 was drawn with ORTEP-3, v.2.02. The ellipsoids
are at 50% probability.
In an embodiment, an ORTEP drawing of the Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal
Form-C1 is shown in Figure 17.
A summary of the crystal data and crystallographic data collection parameters are
provided in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Crystallographic
parameters
Siponimod Adipic acid co-crystal
Form-C1
Chemical formula C32 H40 F3 N2 O5
Asymmetric unit C29 H35 F3 N2 O3, C3 H5 O2
Formula weight 589.66
Crystal system triclinic
Space group P -1
T [K] 100
a [Å] 5.87360(10)
b [Å] 14.3533(3)
c [Å] 19.2507(4)
56
α [°] 110.386(2)
β [°] 95.759(2)
γ [°] 90.638(2)
Z 2
V[Å3] 1511.76(5)
Unique reflns. 5287
Observed reflns. 4902
R1 [I > 2(I)] 0.0373
wR2 (all) 0.0961
Goodness-of-fit 1.033
In a second aspect of the invention is provided a co-crystal of Siponimod and
glutaric acid. In some embodiments, co-crystal is hemi glutaric acid co-crystal. In
some embodiments, co-crystal is mono glutaric acid co-crystal. The glutaric acid
co-crystal can, in certain embodiments, be in hydrated or solvated form. Preferably,
the co-crystal comprises Siponimod and glutaric acid within the same crystalline
phase in a molar ratio ranging from 1 :0.5 to 1:1.2. More preferably the co-crystal
comprises Siponimod and glutaric acid within the same crystalline phase in a molar
ratio of 1 : 0.5.
The crystalline Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal is referred to as “Form C1”.
In an embodiment, Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form C1, can be
characterized as having peaks in X-ray powder diffraction patterns obtained
therefrom. For example, co-crystal can be characterized by an X-ray powder
diffraction pattern having peaks at one or more of the following 2-theta diffraction
angles: 6.45, 9.85, 10.15, 12.93, 17.24 and 23.40 ±0.2˚2θ.
In another embodiment, Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1, is
characterized by having an XRD pattern as shown in Figure 18.
57
The Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1, according to the present invention
may also be characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting single endothermic
peak, melting with an endotherm onset at around 102.93±5°C and a peak maximum
at 108.01±5°C.
In an embodiment, Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1 may be
characterized by having a DSC spectrum as shown in Figure 19.
The Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1 may also be characterized by
having a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in Figure 20.
TGA data indicated little or no weight loss up to 130°C. A small weight loss,
typically about 0.161%, was observed between 30°C and 140°C, probably
associated with inclusion of the crystallizing solvent in the crystals. The TGA
analysis indicates the Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1 is the anhydrous
form.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for
preparing Siponimod co-crystal, the process comprising,
a) dissolving Siponimod and the corresponding organic acid in a suitable first
organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents at a temperature of 25°C to the
reflux temperature of the solvent used;
b) removing the solvent;
c) stirring the residue in a second organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents
for at least 1 hour to 30 hours at 25-30°C;
d) isolating the precipitated Siponimod and organic acid co-crystal and
e) drying at 30-60°C, preferably at 40-50°C for at least 1 hour to 10 hours.
The Siponimod may be in any polymorphic form or in a mixture of any polymorphic
forms. The starting material Siponimod can be obtained by the process of the
58
present invention or any methods known in the art, such as the one described in
U.S. Pat. No. US 7,939,519 B2 which is incorporated herein by reference.
In an embodiment, organic solvents are selected from but not limited to the group
comprising of C1 to C5 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol
and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like; C1 to C6
halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform,
carbon tetrachloride and the like; C6 to Cl4 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,
xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, trimethylbenzene,
tetramethylbenzene and cyclohexylbenzen, C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate,
methyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and the like; C4 to C7 ethers such as dimethyl
ether, diethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether; cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuan, 1 ,4-
dioxane; aromatic ethers such as diphenyl ether; DMF, DMSO, or suitable mixtures
of these solvents.
In an embodiment, removal of solvent include but not limited to evaporation, flash
evaporation, simple evaporation, rotational drying, spray drying, agitated thin-film
drying, Rotary vacuum paddle dryer, agitated nutsche filter drying, pressure nutsche
filter drying, freeze -drying or any other suitable technique known in the art. In an
embodiment solvent may be removed at normal pressure or under reduced pressure.
In an embodiment, isolation include but not limited to filtration by gravity or
suction, centrifugation, decantation, and any other known techniques in the art.
In an embodiment, drying can be carried out in a tray dryer, vacuum oven, air
oven, cone vacuum dryer, rotary vacuum dryer, fluidized bed dryer, spin flash
dryer, flash dryer, or the like.
The invention is further defined by reference to the following examples. It will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, both to materials
and methods, may be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention.
59
Examples
Example 1: Preparation of Siponimod
Example A: Synthesis of 1-(4-(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl) ethan-1-one
(Compound VI)
To a stirred solution of 1-(3-ethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (
Compound VII) (10 g) in methylene dichloride (100 ml) and dimethyl formamide
(1 ml) was added thionyl chloride (15ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1hr
at room temperature. The reaction mixture washed with water. The organic layer
was washed with brine solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The
organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C to yield 1-(4-
(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl) ethan-1-one (Compound VI) as yellow oil.
Example B: Synthesis of 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid
(Compound IV)
60
To a stirred solution of 1-(4-(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl)ethan-1-one (Compound
VI) (10 g) and azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (Compound V) (5 g) in methylene
dichloride (100 ml), was added triethyl amine (5 ml) at room temperature. The
reaction mixture was stirred for overnight at room temperature. The reaction
mixture washed with water. The organic layer was washed with brine solution and
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under
reduced pressure at 40°C. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography to yield 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (
Compound IV).
Example C: Synthesis of 1-(2-ethyl-4-(1-
(hydroxyimino)ethyl)benzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (Compound III)
61
To a stirred solution of 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (
Compound IV) (10 g) in methanol- water (100ml) was added hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (10 g) in 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction mixture was
heated to 60°C for 10 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction
mixture neutralized with acetic acid to yield 1-(2-ethyl-4-(1-
(hydroxyimino)ethyl)benzyl) azetidine-3-carboxylic acid ( Compound III) as oil.
Example D: Synthesis of Siponimod (I)
To a stirred solution of 1-(2-ethyl-4-(1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl)benzyl)azetidine-3-
carboxylic acid (Compound III) (10 g) and 4-(chloromethyl)-1-cyclohexyl-2-
(trifluoromethyl) benzene ( Compound II) (10 g) in methylene chloride (100 ml)
was added the triethyl amine (10 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with water. The
organic layer was washed with brine solution and dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C to yield
Siponimod. The crude product is further purified by silica gel column
chromatography to yield 18 g of pure Siponimod (I).
Example 2: Synthesis of Siponimod
62
Example A: Synthesis of 4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl methanesulfonate
(Compound XIII) (R2 –Mesyl)
1-(3-ethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (Compound VII) (50 g) was
dissolved in toluene (500 ml) and cooled to 0-5°C. Charged methane sulfonyl
chloride (50ml) at 0-5°C. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 50-
55°C and stirred for 4 hours at same temperature. The reaction mass was cooled to
room temperature and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and
solvent was removed completely under vacuum at 45-50°C to yield 60 g of 4-acetyl2-ethylbenzyl methanesulfonate( compound XIII) as an oily residue. Purity
(98.5%).
The oily residue was used in the next step without further purification .
Example B: Synthesis of methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-
carboxylate (Compound XI )( R1 is methyl)
63
4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl methanesulfonate (compound XIII) (30 g) and
methylazetidine-3-carboxylate (compound XII ) (R1 is methyl) (27.2 g) dissolved
in methanol (100 ml). Added triethylamine (31ml) at 0-5°C. The temperature of the
reaction mass was raised to 25-30°C and stirred for 24 hours at same temperature.
Methanol was removed completely under vacuum. The water (300 ml) and ethyl
acetate (150 ml) were added to the reaction mass and stirred further for 30 min. The
organic layer was separated and solvent was removed completely under vacuum to
yield 32 g of methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylate (compound
XI) as brown oily residue. Purity 95.6%.
The oily residue was used in the next step without further purification
Example C: Synthesis of methyl ester of Siponimod (Compound X ) ( R1 is
methyl)
methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylate (Compound XI )(10g)
and O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)hydroxylamine (Compound IX)
(15g) were dissolved in IPA (100 ml). The temperature of the reaction mass as
raised to 50-55°C and maintained at same temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was
removed completely under vacuum to yield 13.2 g of methyl ester of Siponimod
(compound X) as a yellow thick oily mass.
Purity 96.4%
Example D: Synthesis of Compound of formula-I (Siponimod)
64
methyl ester of Siponimod (Compound X) (10g) was dissolved in methanol (100
ml). A 1N solution of sodium hydroxide (100 ml) was added and the reaction mass
was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Ethyl acetate (100 ml) was added and
the pH of reaction mass was adjusted to 6.0-6.5 with acetic acid. The organic layer
was separated, washed with water. The solvent was removed completely under
vacuum. The residue was stirred in a mixture of methyl tertiary butyl ether and
heptane to yield 6 g of title compound. Purity 98.5%
Example 3: Synthesis of Siponimod (I)
Example A: Synthesis of 1-(4-(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl) ethan-1-one
(Compound VI)
To a stirred solution of 1-(3-ethyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (
Compound VII) (100 g) in toluene ( 1000 ml) was added TEA (150 ml) at 0-10°C.
Charged methane sulfonyl chloride (100 ml) slowly maintaining temperature at 0-
10°C. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 50-55°C and stirred for
4.0 hours at same temperature. Charged water (1000 ml) at 25-30°C and stirred for
15-20 minutes. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (4x 1000
ml). The organic layer was washed with brine solution (1000 ml) and dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed completely under vacuum at
50-55°C to yield 110 g of 1-(4-(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl) ethan-1-one
(Compound VI) as yellow oil.
The oily residue was used in the next step without further purification .
65
Example B: Synthesis of methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-
carboxylate (Compound XI ) ( R1 is methyl)
1-(4-(chloromethyl)-3-ethylphenyl) ethan-1-one (Compound VI) (100 g) oil
dissolved in DMF (500 ml) at 25-30°C. Added triethylamine (150.0 ml) at 25-30°C.
Added methyl azetidine-3-carboxylate(Compound XII) (120 g) in lots to the
reaction mass. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 45-50°C and
stirred for 2 hours at same temperature. Water (1800 ml) and ethyl acetate (1000
ml) were added to the reaction mass and stirred further for 30 min. The organic
layer was separated, water (1000 ml) was added and pH of the reaction mass was
adjusted to 1-2 with dil. HCl. The aqueous layer was separated, pH of the reaction
mass was adjusted to 6-7 with DIPEA. Extracted with ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The
organic layer was separated, washed with water (500 ml) and solvent was removed
completely under vacuum at 45-50°C to yield 120 g of methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-
ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylate (compound XI) as brown oily residue.
The oily residue was used in the next step without further purification.
Example C: Synthesis of fumarate salt of methyl ester of Siponimod
(Compound X) ( R1 is methyl)
66
methyl 1-(4-acetyl-2-ethylbenzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylate (Compound XI) (100 g)
was dissolved in methanol (500 ml). The pH of the rection mass was adjusted to 0
to1 with dilute HCl. Charged O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)hydroxylamine (Compound IX) (120 g). The reaction
mass was stirred at 25-30°C for 5-6 hours.
Water (1000 ml) and ethyl acetate (1000 ml) were added to the reaction mass and
stirred further for 30 min. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7-8 with
DIPEA. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (500 ml) and solvent
was removed completely under vacuum at 45-50°C to yield residue. The residue
was dissolved in IPA (600 ml) and treated with fumaric acid (40 g). The
temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 70-75°C and stirred for 30 minutes
at same temperature. The reaction mass was cooled to 25-30°C and stirred for 60
minutes. The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with IPA and dried under
vacuum at 50°C to yield 160 g of fumarate salt of methyl ester of Siponimod
(compound X).
67
Example D: Synthesis of Compound of formula-I (Siponimod)
Fumarate salt of methyl ester of Siponimod (Compound X) (100g) was stirred in
a mixture of water (1000 ml) and ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The pH of reaction mass
was adjusted to 6-7 with TEA and stirred at 25-30°C for 15-20 minutes. The
organic layer was separated washed with 5%NH4Cl solution. The solvent was
removed completely under vacuum at 45-50°C. Added 4% NaOH solution (1000
ml) at 25-30°C, followed by IPA (1000 ml) and stirred the reaction mass at 25-30°C
for 1 hour. The pH of reaction mass was adjusted to 4.5-5 with acetic acid. Water
(4000 ml) was added, and the reaction mass was stirred at 25-30°C for 20 hours.
The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum
at 45-50°C for 10 hours to yield 70 g of Siponimod (compound I).
Example 4: Purification of Siponimod (I)
Siponimod (70 g) was stirred in acetone (350 ml) at 40-45°C for 30 minutes. The
reaction mass was cooled to 25-30°C, further chilled to 0-5°C and stirred for 60
minutes. The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with chilled acetone and
dried under vacuum at 45-50°C for 10 hours to yield 60-65 g of Siponimod
(compound I).
Example 5: Synthesis of oxalate salt of O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)hydroxylamine (Compound IX)
68
To a stirred solution of 4-(chloromethyl)-1-cyclohexyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)
benzene (Compound II) in DMF ( 10 vol) was added n-hydroxy phthalimide
(compound XV) (1.5 moles eq) at 25-30°C. Charged diisopropylethylamine
(0.1mol eq). The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 65-70°C and stirred
for 1 hour. The rection mass was cooled to 25-30°C and stirred for another 1 hour.
The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum
to yield 2-((4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione
(compound XIV).
Compound XIV was dissolved in THF (10 vol). Charged Hydrazine hydrochloride
(1.8 mol eq). The reaction mass was stirred for 3-4 hours at 25-30°C. After
completion of reaction, the insoluble were removed by filtration. The clear filtrate
was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40°C. The residue was dissolved in a
mixture of water (10 vol) and ethyl acetate (10 vol). The organic layer was
separated, washed with water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Oxalic acid
69
(0.2 mol eq) was added to the organic layer and stirred for 3-4 hours at 25-30°C.The
solids were isolated by filtration, washed and dried under reduced pressure at 40°C
to yield oxalate salt of O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)hydroxylamine
(Compound IX).
Example 6: Synthesis of Siponimod fumarate Form-C1
Siponimod fumarate amorphous (3g) was suspended in (20 V) n-Heptane and
stirred for 20-22 hours at Room temperature. The material was filtered under
vacuum and dried in the VTD at 45-50°C for 3-4 hours to obtain the title compound.
Water content: 3.63%.
Residual solvents: Heptane: 84 ppm.
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C1, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 1, DSC in FIG. 2 and TGA in
FIG.3.
Example 7: Synthesis of Siponimod fumarate Form-C2
Siponimod fumarate amorphous (2g) was dissolved in (2 V) NMP. To the above
clear solution charged (8 V) of water and stirred for 2-3 hours at Room temperature.
The material was filtered under vacuum and washed with (3 V) of water and dried
in the VTD at 55-60°C for 3-5 hours to obtain the title compound.
Water content: 1.79%
Residual solvents: NMP content: 40,775 ppm, Methanol: 48 ppm.
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C2, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 4, DSC in FIG.5 and TGA in FIG.6.
Example 8: Synthesis of Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1
70
Siponimod (2g) and adipic acid (0.28 g) (2:1 mole/mole) was dissolved in (25 V)
of ethanol at 55-60°C. Then distilled under vacuum at 55-60°C. To the crude
charged (30 V) of acetonitrile and stirred for 17-19 hours at room
temperature(~25°C). The material was filtered under vacuum and dried in the VTD
at 45-50°C for 3-4 hours to obtain the title compound.
Water content: 0.89%, Adipic acid content: 12.46 %
Residual solvents: Ethanol -40 ppm; Acetonitrile-11 ppm; IPA -ND; N-heptane -
ND
ND-Not detected
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C1, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 12, DSC in FIG 13, TGA in FIG. 14,
Solid state 13C NMR in FIG. 15, Raman spectra in FIG.16 and an ORTEP diagram
in FIG 17.
Example 9: Synthesis of Siponimod glutaric acid co-crystal Form-C1
Siponimod (0.25g) and glutaric acid (0.032g) (2:1 mole/mole) was dissolved in (28
V) of ethanol at 55-60°C. Then distilled under vacuum at 55-60°C. To the crude
charged (24 V) acetonitrile and (24 V) diisopropyl ether stirred for 15-18 hours at
room temperature. The material was filtered under vacuum and dried in the VTD
at 45-50°C for 3-4 hours to obtain the title compound.
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C1, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 18, DSC in FIG. 19 and TGA in FIG.
20.
Example 10: Synthesis of Siponimod base
Siponimod fumarate (2g) was suspended in (20 V) ethyl acetate and (10 V) water.
To the above suspension slowly charged (0.5 V) of tri ethyl amine and stirred for
71
1hour at 20-25°C. Separated layers and collected ethyl acetate layer and back
extracted aqueous layer with (20 V) of ethyl acetate. Washed Ethyl acetate layer
with 10% sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate solution (20 V). Then collected ethyl
acetate layer and dried on sodium sulphate. Then distilled ethyl acetate layer under
vacuum at 45-50°C. Stripped oily mass with (10 V) of isopropyl acetate and
distilled under vacuum at 45-50°C. To the above crude charged (5 V) of iso propyl
acetate and (15 V) of n-Heptane and stirred for 14-16 hours at room temperature.
Then filtered the material under vacuum and dried the material in VTD at 45-50°C
for 4-6 hours to obtain the title compound
The sample was subsequently analysed by XRPD and showed the spectrum of
Crystalline Form-C1, which is shown in FIG. 21.
Example 11: Preparation of Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
Siponimod fumarate amorphous (3g) was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (4V) at
50-55°C. In another RBF was taken n- heptane (20V) and chilled to below -15°C.
The chilled solution of n-Heptane was seeded with Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
seed and maintained the RBF temperature at -15°C to -10°C. To the obtained seed
slurry, clear solution of Siponimod fumarate was added slowly and reaction mass
was stirred at same temperature for 0.5-1 hour. The stirring continued further at 0-
5°C for 0.5-1 hour. The material was filtered under vacuum and dried in VTD at
40-45°C for 3-4 hours to obtain 2.7 gm of the title compound.
Water content: 0.58%
Residual solvents: IPA- ND, Heptane-373 ppm, Methanol-11ppm.
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C3, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 7, DSC in FIG.8, TGA in FIG.9,
Solid state 13C NMR in FIG. 10 and Raman spectra in FIG.11.
Example 12: Preparation of Siponimod fumarate Form-C3
72
Dissolved Siponimod crude (60 g) in Isopropyl alcohol (360 ml) at 45-50°C and
then cooled to RT. In another flask was prepared a solution of Fumaric acid (6.73
g) in Isopropyl alcohol (190 ml) at 60-65°C and cooled to RT. In another flask,
was charged n-Heptane (1400 ml) and cooled to 0-5°C. To the pre-chilled nheptane, was added Siponimod fumarate Form C3 seed (6.5 g) and stirred to get
suspension. To the resulted suspension was added simultaneously, above
Siponimod solution and Fumaric acid solution, over a period of 15-30 min at 0-5°C.
The reaction mass was stirred for 2-3 hours at 0-5°C. The solids were isolated by
filtration, washed with n- Heptane (50 ml), and dried at 40-45°C in VTD for 4-6
hours to obtain 65 gm of the title compound.
The sample was subsequently analysed and showed the spectrum of Crystalline
Form-C3, which is depicted as XRPD in FIG. 7, DSC in FIG.8, TGA in FIG.9,
Solid state 13C NMR in FIG. 10 and Raman spectra in FIG.11.

73
We Claims,
1. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate.
2. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to claim 1,
characterized by having an XRD pattern comprising peaks at 4.67, 9.37, 10.68,
11.72, 14.50 and 19.17± 0.2°2θ.
3. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to claim 1,
characterized by having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as
depicted in Figure 7.
4. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any preceding
claim, characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting an endothermic
peak, melting with an endotherm onset at around 130.18±5°C and a peak
maximum at 134.76±5°C.
5. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any preceding
claim, characterized by having a DSC spectrum substantially as depicted in
Figure 8.
6. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any preceding
claim, characterized by having a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted
in Figure 9.
7. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any preceding
claim, characterized by having a Solid-state 13C NMR spectra substantially as
depicted in Figure 10.
74
8. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any preceding
claim, characterized by having a Raman spectra substantially as depicted in
Figure 11.
9. A process for preparing crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate
according to any preceding claim, the process comprising:
f) treating Siponimod fumarate in a suitable first organic solvent or mixture
of organic solvents;
g) treating with a second organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents;
h) isolating the precipitated crystalline Form-C3; and
i) drying the solids.
10. A process according to claim 9, further comprising:
b1) seeding the organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents from step (b)
with Form-C3 at room temperature and allowing the solution to stir until a
slurry forms.
11. A process according to claim 9, wherein the Siponimod fumarate is in any
polymorphic form or in a mixture of any polymorphic forms.
12. A process according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the first solvent is selected
from C1-C4 alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, tbutanol, iso-butanol, trifluoro ethanol and the like; ketones such as acetone,
butanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl vinyl
ketone; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile; polar aprotic solvents such
as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran,
methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, sulfolane, diglyme, trioxane, N-methyl
pyrrolidone and dimethyl acetamide; halogenated hydrocarbons such as MDC,
EDC, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as
heptane, hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene,
chlorobenzene and the like or mixture thereof.
75
13. A process according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the second solvent is selected
from water, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tbutyl methyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,4-dioxane; ketones such
as isobutyl methyl ketone, ethyl methyl ketone, acetone, methyl t-butyl ketone,
methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone. Nonpolar solvents include but are not limited to hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene,
tetraline, chlorobezene and the like or mixture thereof.
14. A process according to claims 12 and 13, wherein the first organic solvent is
polar solvent and second organic solvent is non-polar solvent.
15. A process according to claims 9 to 14, wherein solution of Siponimod
fumarate in the first organic solvent is maintained at about 40°C to about
60°C.
16. A process according to claims 9 to 15, wherein second solvent is maintained
at about -20°C to about 30°C, preferably at about -15°C to about 15°C during
addition of first solution to second solution or in either order to form a slurry.
17. A process according to claim 16, wherein the slurry is maintained for a period
of about 15 minutes to about 10 hours, more preferably, for about 30 minutes
to about 5 hours at about -15°C to about 15°C, preferably at about -10°C to
about 15°C, more preferably at -5°C to about 5°C.
18. Crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate prepared by a process according
to any one of claims 9 to 17.
19. A Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal, or a solvate or hydrate, and premixes
thereof.
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20. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal according to claim 19, wherein, the
mole ratio of Siponimod to adipic acid is ranging from 1 :0.25 to 1:1.2.
21. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal according to claim 20 in a substantially
crystalline form designated as Form-C1.
22. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to claim 21,
characterized by having an XRD pattern comprising peaks at 4.97, 6.50, 9.58,
13.03, 16.79, 19.58 and 21.85±0.2˚2θ.
23. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to claim 21,
characterized by having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as
depicted in Figure 12.
24. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1, according to any one of the
claims 21 to 23, characterized as having a DSC spectrum exhibiting an
endothermic peak, melting with an endotherm onset at around 123.48±5°C
and a peak maximum at 129.48±5°C.
25. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any preceding
claims 21 to 24, characterized by having a DSC spectrum substantially as
depicted in Figure 13.
26. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any preceding
claims 21 to 25, characterized by having a TGA thermogram substantially as
depicted in Figure 14.
27. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any preceding
claims 21 to 26, characterized by having a Solid-state 13C NMR spectra
substantially as depicted in Figure 15.
77
28. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any preceding
claims 21 to 27, characterized by having a Raman spectra as shown in Figure
16.
29. The Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any preceding
claims 21 to 28, characterized by having an ORTEP drawing substantially as
depicted in Figure 17.
30. A process for preparing Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal according to any
preceding claims 19 to 29, the process comprising:
a) dissolving Siponimod and the corresponding organic acid in a suitable
first organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents at a temperature of
25°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent used;
b) removing the solvent;
c) stirring the residue in a second organic solvent or mixture of organic
solvents for at least 1 hour to 30 hours at 25-30°C;
d) isolating the precipitated Siponimod and organic acid co-crystal and
e) drying at 30-60°C, preferably at 40-50°C for at least 1 hour to 10 hours.
31. A process according to claim 30, wherein the Siponimod is in any
polymorphic form or in a mixture of any polymorphic forms.
32. A process according to claim 30, wherein, organic solvent is selected from but
not limited to the group comprising of C1 to C5 alcohols such as methanol,
ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile,
propionitrile and the like; C1 to C6 halogenated hydrocarbons such as
dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the
like; C6 to Cl4 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene,
propylbenzene, butylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene and
cyclohexylbenzen, C2 to C7 esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate,
isopropyl acetate and the like; C4 to C7 ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl
78
ether, ethyl methyl ether; cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuan, 1 ,4-dioxane;
aromatic ethers such as diphenyl ether; DMF, DMSO, or suitable mixtures of
solvents.
33. Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal prepared by a process according to any one
of claims 30 to 32.
34. A process for preparing Siponimod of Formula I
which comprises: converting compound of Formula IV
to Siponimod of Formula I.
35. The process according to claim 34, wherein conversion comprises,
c) reacting compound of Formula IV with hydroxyl amine or salt thereof to
provide compound of Formula III
79
and;
b) condensing compound of Formula III with compound of Formula II
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and
fluoro; in the presence of a suitable base and solvent to provide Siponimod
of Formula I.
36. The process according to claim 34, wherein conversion comprises,
a) reacting compound of Formula VIII
with an acid to provide, an intermediate oxime of Formula IX or salt
thereof.
and;
d) reacting an intermediate oxime of Formula IX or salt thereof with
compound of Formula IV to provide Siponimod of Formula I.
80
37. The process according to claim 36, wherein acids include but not limited to
the inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid,
or sulfuric acid; organic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, methane
sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid, benzyl sulfonic acid and the like.
38. The process according to any one of the claim 34 to 37, wherein compound
of Formula IV, is prepared by reacting compound of Formula VI
wherein X2 is a leaving group selected from halo such as chloro, bromo and
iodo;
with compound of Formula V
in the presence of a suitable base, to provide a compound of Formula IV.
39. The process according to claim 38, wherein compound of Formula VI, is
prepared by reacting of Formula VII
81
HO
O VII
with a suitable halogenating agent to provide a compound of Formula VI.
40. The process according to claim 39, wherein a suitable halogenating agent is
selected from chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride, hydrogen chloride,
N-chloro succinimide, sulfonyl chlorides such as methane sulfonyl chloride,
ethane sulfonyl chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, p-toluene sulfonyl
chloride; 1, 3-Dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, PCl3, PCl5, POCl3 and HCl
gas; brominating agent such as hydrogen bromide, POBr3, N-bromo
succinimide, sulfonyl bromides, 1, 3-Dibromo-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, PBr3,
PBr5, and HBr gas and iodinating agent.
41. The process according to the claim 35, wherein compound of Formula III,
is prepared by reacting compound of Formula IV with hydroxyl amine or
salt to provide compound of Formula III.
42. A process for preparing Siponimod of Formula I
82
which comprises: converting compound of Formula XI
wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl and t- butyl; to Siponimod of Formula I.
43. The process according to claim 42, wherein conversion comprises,
a) reacting compound of Formula XI with compound of Formula IX or a
salt thereof
in the presence of a suitable solvent to provide compound of Formula X or
salt thereof
wherein R1 is as defined above, and;
83
b) hydrolyzing compound of Formula X or salt thereof in the presence of a
suitable acid or base to provide Siponimod of Formula I.
44. The process according to any one of the claim 42 or 43, wherein compound
of Formula XI, is prepared by
a) reacting compound of Formula XIII
O
O
R2
XIII
wherein R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl, aryl
sulfonyl,
acetyl, with compound of Formula XII

wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,
n-butyl, in the presence of a suitable base and a suitable solvent to provide
compound of Formula XI;
or
b) reacting compound of Formula VI
wherein X2 is a suitable leaving group selected from halo such as chloro,
bromo and iodo; with compound of Formula XII
84

wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
isopropyl,
n-butyl and t- butyl; in the presence of a suitable base and a suitable
solvent, to provide a compound of Formula XI.
45. The process according to claim 44, wherein compound of Formula XIII,
O
O
R2
XIII
wherein R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl, aryl
sulfonyl, acetyl, is prepared by reacting compound of Formula VII,
with suitable protecting group to provide a compound of Formula XIII.
46. The process according to claim 43, wherein compound of Formula IX or salt
thereof,
85
is prepared by :
a) reacting compound of Formula II
wherein X1 is a leaving group selected from bromo, chloro, iodo and fluoro; with
n-hydroxy phthalimide of Formula XV
in the presence of a suitable base and suitable solvent to provide compound of
Formula XIV
;
and,
b) reacting compound of Formula XIV with hydrazine or salt thereof in the
presence of suitable solvent to provide compound of Formula IX and
optionally converting to salt.
47. A compound of Formula IV
86
48. A compound of Formula VI
wherein X2 is a suitable leaving group selected from halo such as chloro,
bromo and iodo.
49. A compound of Formula III
50. A compound of Formula XI
wherein R1 is C1-C4 alkyl, selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl and t- butyl.
87
51. A compound of Formula XIII
O
O
R2
XIII
wherein R2 is suitable leaving group selected from alkyl sulfonyl, aryl
sulfonyl,
acetyl.
52. A compound of Formula IX or salt thereof,
53. A process according to any one of claims 34 to 46, wherein the Siponimod is
converted to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
54. A process according to claim 53, wherein the salt is the fumarate salt.
55. Siponimod or a salt thereof prepared according to any one of claims 34 to 46
or 53.
56. Use of Siponimod or a salt thereof according to claim 55 in the preparation of
crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any one of claims 1
to 8 or 18, or Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any
one of claims 19 to 29 or 33.
88
57. A pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod
fumarate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or 18, together with one or
more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
58. A pharmaceutical composition comprising Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal
Form-C1 according to any one of claims 19 to 29 or 33, together with one or
more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
59. A pharmaceutical composition comprising Siponimod or a salt thereof
according to claim 55, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable
excipients.
60. Use of crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod fumarate according to any one of
claims 1 to 8 or 18, in the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple
sclerosis.
61. Use of Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal Form-C1 according to any one of
claims 19 to 29 or 33, in the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of
multiple sclerosis.
62. Use of Siponimod or a salt thereof according to claim 55, in the treatment of
adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
63. A method of treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in a patient in need
of such treatment, which method comprises administering to the patient a
therapeutically effective amount of crystalline Form-C3 of Siponimod
fumarate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or 18.
64. A method of treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in a patient in need
of such treatment, which method comprises administering to the patient a
therapeutically effective amount of Siponimod adipic acid co-crystal FormC1 according to any one of claims 19 to 29 or 33.
89
65. A method of treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in a patient in need
of such treatment, which method comprises administering to the patient a
therapeutically effective amount of Siponimod or a salt thereof according to
claim 55.