Specification
MILD TO THE SKIN, FOAMING DETERGENT COMPOSITION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to mild to the skin, foaming aqueous detergent
compositions comprising mixed surfactants and in particular to mixtures of anionic
surfactant and biosurfactant. The compositions are suitable for use in personal
wash, shower gel or shampoo formulations.
BACKGROUND
Sophorolipids are biosurfactants produced by several yeast species. In Candida
bombicola, the hydrophilic moiety of the biosurfactant molecule is a disaccharide
(i.e., sophorose), and the hydrophobic portion is an omega- or (omega-l )-hydroxy
fatty acid attached to the sophorose via a glycosidic bond. The fatty acid chain,
most commonly containing 16- and 18-carbon atoms, may be unsaturated and
lactonized to the disaccharide. The disclosed potential applications of
Sophorolipids include serving as environmentally friendly surfactants in oil
recovery, and as active ingredient in detergent, cosmetic and lubricant
formulations. Sophorolipids are also known to have antimicrobial activity.
Sophorolipids produced by Torulopsis sp. consist of a dimeric sugar (sophorose)
and a hydroxyl fatty acid linked by a B-glycosidic bond.
There are generally considered to be two types of sophorolipids, the acidic (nonlactonic)
and the lactonic sophorolipids. The hydroxyl fatty acid moiety of the
acidic Sophorolipids forms a macrocyclic lactone ring with the 4"-hydroxyl group
of the sophorose by intramolecular esterification. Lactonic Sophorolipids have
attracted more attention then their acidic counterparts. The acetylated lactonic
Sophorolipids have been applied in cosmetics as antidandruff, bacteriostatic
agents and deodorants.
Sophorolipids may be obtained from Candida apicola, Candida bombicola ATCC
22214, Candida lipolytica and Candida bogoriensis when grown on
carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, vegetable oils or their mixtures. They are produced
as a mixture of six to eight different hydrophobic sophorosides.
EP 499 434 (Unilever) discloses the improved oily soil detergency of mixtures of a
sophorolipid (SOL-TUBS a sophoroselipid from technical University of
Braunchweig, Germany); produced by torulosis bombicola. It comprised a mixture
of four different sophorolipids, the main fatty acid chain length being Cis.
Examples 5, 6 and 7 of this patent application use blends of sophorolipids
with specified nonionic surfactants. The nonionic cosurfactants used were:
Synperonic A3 (an alcohol ethoxylate containing a certain amount of branching in
the hydrophobe and manufactured from petrochemical fatty alcohol by reaction
with 3 moles of ethylene oxide), a C12 ,2-diol and a C10 monoglycerolether. The
application also suggests that the biosurfactants can be used with anionic
surfactant: dialkyl sulphosuccinates are said to be of especial interest on page 7 .
There is no mention of mildness or foaming.
US 541 7879 (Unilever) also discloses combinations of glycolipid and nonglycolipid
surfactants for oily / fatty soil detergency. Sophorolipids are mentioned
among the glycolipids and dialkylsulphosuccinat.es are mentioned among the
preferred non-glycolipid surfactants. However, all of the examples with
sophorolipids use nonionic cosurfactants.
US 5520839 (Unilever) makes a similar general disclosure and synergistic
detergency claim, but also describes specific examples of dialkyl
sulphosuccinates to include those in which both alkyl substituents contain at least
4 carbon atoms, and together contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms in total; such as di-
Cs alkyl sulphosuccinate. This surfactant was exemplified with rhamnolipid, but
the sophorolipids were only exemplified in combination with nonionic surfactants.
DE 19600743 (Henkel) discloses combinations of sophorolipids and anionic
surfactants. No disclosure of combinations with dialkoxy sulphosuccinates or alkyl
glycinate is made.
EP 1 445 302 (Ecover) discloses a detergent composition comprising at least one
glycolipid biosurfactant and at least one non-glycolipid surfactant. In several
examples, a Sophorolipid (Sopholiance from methyl ester of rapeseed oil ex
Soliance) was used. Foam quality when used in combination with various
nonionic surfactants and also anionic surfactant (SLS) was investigated.
EP 1 953 237 (Ecover) discloses a method for producing short chain
sophorolipids. It says that sophorolipids are one of the most promising
biosurfactants, due to their high production yields and ease of recovery. It also
says that they are mild to the skin.
WO 98/1 6 192 (Alterna Inc) discloses a germicidal composition suitable for
cleaning fruits, vegetables, skin and hair. The composition may comprise a
mixture of anionic surfactant and sophorolipids biosurfactant. The anionic
surfactants mentioned are those with biocidal activity: Sodium lauryl sulphate
(SLS), Sodium lauryl ethoxy sulphate (SLES).
EP 550 276 (Unilever) describes a personal care composition comprising a mild
and foaming glycolipid used with a co surfactant (e.g. SLS). The glycolipid is a
uronic acid derivative. No synergy is observed for either mildness or foam
between the biosurfactant and the SLS or SDS.
WO 96/1 2469 (Unilever) describes a personal care composition comprising a lipid,
which may be a glycolipid such as a glycosyl glyceride of diacyl o dialkyl
saccarides (eg a sugar ester), a surfactant and a deposition aid. Preferred mild
surfactants include alkyl ether sulphate, alkyl glyceryl ether sulphate,
sulphosuccinates, taurates, sarcosinates, sulphoacetates, alkyl phosphate, alkyl
phosphate esters, acyl lactylate, and alkyl glutamates. Examples used SLES or
APG with the sugar ester lipid.
DE 196 48 439 & DE 196 00 743 (Henkel) describe the use of a mixture of
glycolipids, which specifically includes sophorolipids and a long list of possible
anionic surfactants, including mono and dialkyl sulphosuccinates. In the only
example for each document that uses sophorolipid, it is combined with SLS as
anionic surfactant.
FR 2 792 193 (Lavipharm Lab) describes a cosmetic base comprising a
composition rich in lipids of vegetable origin and at least one surfactant. A
shampoo composition is disclosed with the lipids used in approx 1:1 ratio with a
surfactant, which is itself a mixture of anionic and amphoteric surfactants. The
anionic component is an alkyl sulphate.
US56541 92 (Institut Francais du Petrole) discloses compositions containing an
anionic and/or nonionic surfactant, and at least one glycolipid. The composition is
used for decontaminating a polluted porous medium. Sulphosuccinates and
sophorolipids are both mentioned. There are specific examples using
combinations of sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate and sophorolipids showing the
synergistic effect on lowering of interfacial tension. Neither foaming, nor mildness
to human skin is mentioned. No aqueous concentrated composition is disclosed.
In use, the materials are mixed with water but there is then less than 1% of the
sophorolipids.
JP 2006070231 A (Saraya), discloses a biodegradable liquid cleaning composition
e.g. liquid body cleaning composition for jet washing. The composition contains
sophorolipids comprising 90% or more acid-type sophorolipids. The compositions
are used as a liquid body cleaning composition for jet washing. The
biodegradable liquid cleaning composition has excellent cleaning power and low
foaming property. The acid-type sophorolipid is chemically stable in the liquid
cleaning composition.
KR 2004033376 A (LG Household & Healthcare Ltd) describes a cosmetics
composition comprising sophorolipids. The cosmetics composition comprises, as
an active ingredient, sophorolipids, which are produced from Candida bombiocola
(ATCC 22214). The cosmetic composition has excellent sterilization effect as well
as moisturising and softening effects on the skin. A cosmetics composition is
characterized by comprising, as a biosurfactant, 0.01-1 0 weight% of
sophorolipids. The composition is formulated into face lotion, nutritive emulsion,
face cream and the like.
WO 9534282 (INST FRANCAIS DU PETROLE) discloses cosmetic and
dermatological compositions containing sophorolipid (s) - as radical scavengers,
elastase inhibitors and antiinflammatory agents.
There is an unmet need for a mild and high foaming surfactant system for use in
personal care (cleaning) products that employs surfactant systems that can be
considered relatively environmentally friendly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a mild to the skin, foaming
detergent composition comprising:
a) 1 to 20 wt% sophorolipid biosurfactant,
b) 1 to 20 wt% of anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
glycinate, sulphosuccinate, and mixtures thereof,
c) 0 to1 0 wt% foam boosting surfactant,
d) 0 to 2 wt% additional electrolyte,
e) 0 to 10 wt% additional detergent additives,
f) 40 to 98 wt% water.
The weight ratio a:b is preferably 3:1 to 1:3, most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1 .5.
It is preferred to select a) and b) to be both mild and foaming. However, if
additional foaming is required than a foam boosting surfactant may be included as
component c), the foam boosting surfactant is advantageously 2 to 8 wt%
olivamidopropyl betaine, due to its mildness.
The anionic surfactant component b).advantageously comprises cocoyi glycinate
(sodium salt) or dialkoxy sulphosuccinate (disodium salt).
The additional electrolyte component d) may comprise sodium chloride.
The additional additives e) may comprise materials selected from the group:
silicones, polymers, structurants thickeners, pH adjusters and mixtures thereof.
The invention also comprises use of a mixture of 1-20 wt% sophorolipids and 1-20
wt% anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of glycinate,
sulphosuccinate, and mixtures thereof in a detergent composition to increase the
mildness to the skin of the composition. Especially it comprises use of the
composition as a mild and foaming shampoo or body wash.
The invention results from the finding that a blend of a specific type of
biosurfactant with a specific type of anionic surfactant shows increased mildness
to skin with excellent foaming properties.
Mild to the skin means: that in the skin protein protection assay described as for
example 1 below the absorbance measured is greater than 0.8%. The basis of
the mildness assay is the enzymatic activity of Chynnotrypsin on a chromogenic
substrate. Surfactant mildness is assessed by the effect of a surfactant on the
enzyme protein. A harsh surfactant will degrade Chynnotrypsin, leading to a lower
optical density reading in the reaction well. The enzyme used for this assay is a-
Chymotrypsin from bovine pancreas. The enzyme used is the chromogenic
substrate for Chymotrypsin, N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. The 0.8 value is
for the optical density at 450nm of the system, and the units should be %, as in
0.8% of the incident light was transmitted. CHECK AGAINST EG1 etc.
Foaming means: that in the foaming assay described as Phase 2 below, the foam
thickness doesn't decrease significantly within 10 minutes of agitation.
The inclusion of the sulphosuccinates or the glycinate reduces the amount of
relatively expensive sophorolipids biosurfactant as expected but surprisingly it
confers further synergistic mildness and foaming benefits as described more fully
below. Blends according to the invention give both mildness and foaming. Such
a combination is desired for personal products applications such as shampoo,
shower gel, skin cleansing compositions, foam bath or any other cleaning
composition that comes into contact with skin during its use. Thus, hand dish
washing compositions, hard surface cleaning applications and some laundry
composition uses could also be made using the detergent compositions of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a personal wash shower gel or shampoo
formulation containing a mixture of sophorolipid and glycinate surfactants, for
improved skin protein protection. Specifically the present invention comprises the
use of mixture of sophorolipids, with 1 to 20 wt% of selected anionic surfactant,
preferably amilite, a cocoyl glycinate (sodium salt), for improved skin protein
protection.
A preferred sophorolipid for such Personal Products applications, like hair
shampoo, is Sopholiance S - ex Soliance. It is said to be a Candida Bombicola /
Glucose / Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment (and) water (and) Potassium Sorbate.
Some published analysis gives the raw material as 50% sophorolipid. It is
believed that the material is mainly lactonic.
Short chain length sophorolipids (500 micron) fibres is significant. Fibres less than
500 microns long are therefore preferred for this reason and due to the added
difficulty in agitation of the longer fibres. While oxidation results in significant
gross particle size reduction, this does not compensate for decreased fibril surface
accessibility in the long fibres. Celluloses that have not been previously subjected
to acid hydrolysis are a preferred starting material, due to reactivity, cost and
resultant product dispersibility. Relatively unrefined a-cellulose, for example filter
aid fibres, provides one of the most readily oxidised and dispersed sources of
cellulose. An unexpected advantage of the process of the invention is the ability
to use unbleached starting materials that might be regarded as unsuitable for
structuring a clear liquid detergent composition. This is because the oxidation
process also serves to bleach coloured components, such as lignin, in such
unbleached cellulose starting materials.
Because of its known specificity for primary alcohol oxidation TEMPO (and related
nitroxy radical species) mediated oxidation of cellulose is preferred. The process
proceeds well without cooling, at relatively high weight % cellulose in the initial
suspension. Simple workup procedures afford clean material suitable for
dispersion. Such TEMPO mediated oxidation of cellulose is described in the
published literature and the skilled worker will be able as a matter of routine to
adapt known methods to achieve the oxidation required by this invention.
While aqueous NaOCI/TEMPO/NaBr is a highly preferred oxidation system.
There are a number of other systems available to the skilled worker, especially for
large scale production. Among such systems, there may be mentioned use of
peracetic acid or monoperoxysulfate salts (Oxone®) as the oxidant with 4-
acetamido-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine-1 -oxyl (4-acetamido-TEMPO) as the
radical transfer catalyst or mediator and sodium bromide co-catalyst for the
oxidation. Elimination of chlorine from the oxidation system is environmentally
desirable.
The use of 4-acetamido-TEMPO as radical transfer catalyst is also advantageous
as, although it has a higher molecular weight than TEMPO, it has significantly
lower vapour pressure reducing potential exposure hazards. Many other 4-
substituted TEMPO analogues exist, but many, such as 4-hydroxy-TEMPO exhibit
poor stability. TEMPO on solid supports or on soluble polymers may be used.
Electrochemical oxidation is a potentially clean means of effecting oxidation of
carbohydrate moieties, although mediation by a radical transfer catalyst (such as
TEMPO) is still required.
Laccase mediated oxidation, which also requires a radical transfer catalyst (e.g.
TEMPO) but replaces the oxidant with an enzyme, may advantageously be used.
Using the TEMPO system the degree of reproducibility of oxidation of cellulose
from the same source is good.
By degree of oxidisation of the modified cellulose we refer to the percentage
glucose units oxidised to carboxylic acid as measured by titration with sodium
hydroxide. It is assumed that all oxidation takes place at the primary alcohol
positions. A reasonable assumption, given that primary alcohol specific oxidation
chemistry is employed. Furthermore it is assumed that all oxidation leads to
carboxylic acid formation.
Degree of polymerisation (DP) does not seem greatly to influence the
performance of the modified cellulose. The key thing is that the modified cellulose
must remain insoluble.
During oxidation, there is some degradation of the cellulose allowing release of
polymer chains. It is particularly advantageous to keep this to a minimum in order
to increase the yield of the modified insoluble cellulose material suitable for
structuring applications. We have determined that above 70 % oxidisation, the
yield is unacceptably low and the processing costs become unacceptably high.
The degree of oxidation of the modified cellulose should lie in the range 10 to
70%. As the degree of oxidation increases, the amount of soluble material
produced will rise and this reduces the yield of insoluble structuring material, thus
the higher degrees of oxidation confer no real structuring benefits. For this
reason, it is preferred to restrict the degree of oxidation to 60%, or even 50% and
the most preferred modified materials have degrees of oxidation even lower than
40 or sometimes even lower than 30%.
To achieve a high enough dispersibility/solubility for the modified cellulose to act
as a structurant it must be oxidised to at least 10%. The exact amount of
oxidation required for a minimum effect will vary according to the starting material
used. Preferably, it is at least 15% oxidised and most preferably, at least 20%
oxidised.
At small scale, high energy sonication is the preferred method to give the high
shear necessary to achieve the aqueous dispersion of the modified cellulose.
However, other techniques are more suitable for large scale applications. These
include the use of a high speed and high shear stirrer, or a blender, or a
homogeniser. Homogenisation may achieve higher levels of dispersed material
than are attainable via sonication.
When degrees of oxidation of less than 10% are used, the partially oxidised
cellulose proves too resistant to dispersion to produce a transparent or translucent
mixture and higher energy input is required. Provided the lower limit of 10% is
exceeded, those modified celluloses with a lesser degree of oxidation appear to
provide greater structuring capacity once dispersed. This is attributed to less
degradation of the material during oxidation and thus the existence of longer
individual dispersed (not dissolved) fibrils. This may be because the structure of
the cellulose starting material is partially retained, but the fibrils are rendered
dispersible by the introduction of negatively charged functional groups on the
surface during oxidation.
Oxidised, dispersed cellulose is a largely insoluble polymer that occurs in the form
of well dispersed fibrils rather than isolated solvated polymer chains. The fibrils
have a large aspect ratio and are thin enough to provide almost transparent
dispersions. Carboxylate groups provide anionic surface charge, which results in
a degree of repulsion between fibrils, militating against their reassociation into
larger structures. Addition of acid to dispersions of oxidised cellulose results in
separation of gelled material while at pH between ca 5-9 fibrils may be maintained
in a dispersed form as the COO- salt of an appropriate counterion.
Aesthetic and Adiunct Ingredients: A wide variety of optional ingredients can be
incorporated in the formulation provided they do not interfere with the mildness
and foaming benefits provided by the composition. These include but are not
limited to: perfumes, pearlizing and opacifying agents such as higher fatty
alcohols, fatty acids, solid esters, nacreous "interference pigments" such as TiO2
coated micas, dyes and colorants, sensates such as menthol, preservatives
including anti-oxidants and chelating agents, emulsion stabilizers, auxiliary
thickeners, and mixtures thereof.
A variety of optional additional hair or skin benefit agents may be incorporated into
the compositions. However, these agents should be selected consistent with the
mildness of the composition. Such benefit agents include, but are not limited to:
lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides, and pseudoceramides, additional nonsilicone
conditioning agents such as synthetic hydrocarbon esters, humectants
such as glycerol, antimicrobial agents such as zinc pyridinethione, sunscreens,
and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the invention may take the form of shampoos. These may
also include minor amounts of other ingredients such as antibacterial agents,
foam boosters, pearlescers, perfumes, dyes, colouring agents, preservatives,
thickeners, proteins, polymers such as silicone polymers, phosphate esters,
sunscreens, antidandruff agents and buffering agents. Suitable thickeners include
ANTIL 141 (Goldschmidt) which has the CTFA adopted name PEG 55 propylene
glycol dioleate and comprises a polyoxyethylene-propylene glycol oleate, and
REWOPOL PEG 6000 DS (ex Rewo) which is a polyethylene glycol distearate.
Formulation mildness to skin is a function of both lipid and protein integrity, that
ensure limited trans-epidermal water loss. The stratum corneum chymotryptic
enzyme (SCCE) and the stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE) are serine
proteases of the kallikrein family, named KLK7/hK7 and KLK5/hK5, respectively.
SCCE and SCTE are directly involved in desmosome degradation. A delicate
balance between the proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors is responsible for
proper desquamation and good skin condition. We have found that blends,
especially 1:1 mixtures, of sophorolipid and glycinate or sulphosuccinate offer
better protein protection scores of the stratum corneum enzyme chymotrypsin
than either of the single systems when added at equal concentrations. This
synergy was not expected.
In addition to this mildness benefit, we have also found the surfactant combination
to have extremely desirable foaming properties, as discussed further below.
Phase I - Mildness test (chymotrypsin pNA assay)
The basis of the surfactant protein mildness detecting assay used was the
enzymatic activity of Chymotrypsin on a chromogenic substrate. A harsh
surfactant degrades Chymotrypsin, leading to a lower absorbance reading. Any
reading greater than 0.8% is taken to be a pass for mildness.
We tested non biosurfactants already described in the literature as mild together
with some generally thought to be harsher, like SDS. We also tested a number of
biosurfactant and other non-petrochemical surfactants. These surfactants were
tested alone and in pairs. Tests were repeated with the further addition of a
known naturally derived foam booster.
The data includes the double system combinations in order of ranking when
compared to the single system controls. Only the milder systems were explored
further to determine their foaming properties. Hence, SLES/Sophorolipid (is),
which was not sufficiently mild, was not explored further in terms of foaming. All
the double surfactant systems performing well in mildness/ cmc/ compatibility/
green credentials were taken through to Phase 2, where they were tested for
foaming.
Phase 2 - Foaming test
We tested all the milder surfactant combinations for foaming. The aim of the foam
test was to differentiate between the foaming properties of the chosen systems on
the basis of foam thickness and foam stability. Aqueous solutions of the
surfactant mixtures were treated with a homogenizer, under a standard set of
conditions, to create foam and then the extent and stability of the foam were
assessed by turbidity measurements.
The main differentiating feature was the thickness of the foam after 10 minutes
compared with its initial thickness. The systems exhibiting a thicker foam that was
stable over the 10 minutes, i.e. showed little sign of collapse, were ranked higher
than those with a thick foam that collapsed quickly or those with only a small
amount of foam. Any system that did not pass the 10 minute test was discarded
as insufficiently foaming.
Some, but not all, blends of the sophorolipid with other mild surfactants were
found to exhibit increased mildness and foaming compared to the prior art
systems using SLES/SLS surfactants as the non biosurfactant components.
Example 1
For the skin protein protection assay, 70m I stock buffer solution (33mM of Tris
pH8.0, 180mM of NaCI, 1mM of CaCI2) , 0m I substrate stock solution (Ala-Ala-
Pro-Phe-pNA; 4 mg/ml) and 20m I enzyme (a-Chyotrypsin; 10ng per well) were
added to the wells of a 96-well plate together with 10Oul of the formulations pre
dicted 1: 0 in water. Reaction mixes were incubated for 45 minutes before
colohmetric measurements were taken at 405nm by a SpectraMax plate reader.
Natural formulations were prepared as described in Table 1. The key to the
surfactant systems is given in Table 2 .
Table 1
INGREDIENT % FORMULATION (w/w)
Surfactant (single) 15
Surfactant (double) 15
NaCI 0.5
Table 2
Table 3 shows Single system protein protection scores for single surfactant
systems.
Table 3
The terms used in the tables have the following meanings:
Lsmean - the least squares mean of Absorbance values for the treatment -
adjusted for number of replicates or "run number" in the experiment (n=4).
StdErr - the standard error for the treatment
double - 1 the "extra" mildness of the treatment over the first single surfactant
(e.g. ac - aa ) ;
double - 2 the "extra" mildness of the treatment over the second single surfactant
(e.g. ac - cc ) ;
StdErr - the standard error of double - 1;
tValue - the t-value to see if double - 1 is significantly different from zero;
Prob - the p-value for the tValue;
tValue - the t-value to see if double - 2 is significantly different from zero;
Prob - the p-value for the tValue.
IND = 1 if the combination is better than ALL other singles.
Table 4 shows the double systems protein protection scores. In Table 4 bf ( 1 .34)
is better than aa ( 1 .08), bb(1 .23), ...ss (0.53). IND = 0 if the combination is not
better than all other singles (e.g. af ( 1 .13) is not better than bb ( 1 .23) and so this
double cannot beat all singles).
If Prob < 0.05 and IND=1 , then there is clear significance and synergistic mildness
for the particular surfactant system. Thus in Table 4 the only doubles to:
a) outperform all singles; and
b) be significantly different from their corresponding singles
are ei (Disodium Laureth Sulphosuccinate with Sophorolipid) and f i (Sodium
Cocoyl Glycinate with Sophorolipid). bf = APG / glycinate. Prob. is too high for
that combination.
Table 4
surf Ls Std Double Std t Prob Double Std t Prob IND
mean Err - 1 Err Value - 2 Err Value
af 1.13 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.56 0.57 0.25 0.10 2.50 0.01 0
ai 1.21 0.08 0.14 0.10 1.40 0.16 0.28 0.10 2.89 0.00 0
bf 1.34 0.08 0.11 0.10 1.15 0.25 0.45 0.10 4.61 0.00 1
g 0.95 0.08 0.31 0.10 3.15 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.29 0.77 0
ck 0.73 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.95 0.34 0.34 0.10 3.46 0.00 0
dg 1.15 0.08 0.35 0.10 3.59 0.00 0.23 0.10 2.36 0.02 0
di 1.02 0.08 0.22 0.10 2.25 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.93 0.35 0
dk 0.85 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.43 0.66 0.45 0.10 4.62 0.00 0
ef 1.10 0.06 0.18 0.09 2.05 0.04 0.21 0.09 2.48 0.01 0
eg 1.11 0.08 0.19 0.10 1.91 0.06 0.19 0.10 1.97 0.05 0
ei 1.23 0.08 0.31 0.10 3.14 0.00 0.30 0.10 3.06 0.00 1
fg 1.11 0.08 0.22 0.10 2.21 0.03 0.74 0.10 7.48 0.00 0
f i 1.25 0.08 0.36 0.10 3.69 0.00 0.32 0.10 3.25 0.00 1
gi 1.09 0.06 0.17 0.09 2.02 0.04 0.16 0.09 1.89 0.06 0
g 0.96 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.37 0.72 0.48 0.10 4.93 0.00 0
kl 0.58 0.06 0.19 0.09 2.18 0.03 0.10 0.09 1.19 0.23 0
ks 0.62 0.06 0.23 0.09 2.64 0.01 0.09 0.08 1.18 0.24 0
is 0.67 0.06 -0.26 0.09 -3.04 0.00 0.14 0.08 1.89 0.06 0
Claims
1. A mild to the skin, foaming detergent composition comprising:
a) 1 to 20 wt% sophorolipid biosurfactant,
b) 1 to 20 wt% of anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of
glycinate, sulphosuccinate, and mixtures thereof,
c) 0 to1 0 wt% foam boosting surfactant,
d) 0 to 2 wt% additional electrolyte,
e) 0 to 10 wt% additional additives,
f) 40 to 98 wt% water.
2 . A composition according to claim 1, comprising cocoyl glycinate (sodium
salt) as component b).
3 . A composition according to claim 1, comprising dialkoxy sulphosuccinate
(disodium salt) as component b), preferably disodium laureth-3-
sulphosuccinate.
4 . A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the additional
electrolyte component d) comprises sodium chloride.
5 . A composition according to any preceding claim, comprising 2 to 8 wt%
foam boosting surfactant component c).
6 . A composition according to claim 5, comprising 3 to 7 wt% olivamidopropyl
betaine, as foam boosting surfactant component c).
7 . A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the additional
additives e) comprise materials selected from the group: silicones,
polymers, structurants thickeners, pH adjusters and mixtures thereof.
A composition according to any preceding claim wherein component e)
comprises 0.5 to 5 wt %, preferably 1 to 2 wt%, dispersed modified
cellulose biopolymer as a structurant, wherein the modification consists of
the cellulose having its C6 primary alcohols oxidised to carboxyl moieties
(acid/COOH-) on 10 to 70% of the glucose units and substantially all the
remainder of the C6 positions occupied by unmodified primary alcohols,
Use of a mixture of 1-20 wt% sophorolipids and 1-20 wt% anionic
surfactant selected from the group consisting of glycinate, sulphosuccinate,
and mixtures thereof in a detergent composition to increase the mildness to
the skin of the composition.
Use according to claim 9, wherein the mildness to the skin of the
composition is further increased by structuring the liquid with 0.5 to 5 wt %,
preferably 1 to 2 wt%, dispersed modified cellulose biopolymer, wherein the
modification consists of the cellulose having its C6 primary alcohols
oxidised to carboxyl moieties (acid/COOH-) on 10 to 70% of the glucose
units and substantially all the remainder of the C6 positions occupied by
unmodified primary alcohols,