Specification
The present invention relates to a mine transport surveillance system for monitoring and controlling
transportation of minerals for opencast mines. The present invention particularly relates to
development of a system to check unauthorized entry of vehicle, mineral overloading and illicit
mineral transportation in opencast mines. The present invention more particularly relates to
facilitate an efficient dumper tracking and management system, effective visualization of
transportation activities throughout the mine lease, optimum deployment of shovel-dumper
combination for enhancement of production, efficient measurement of mineral weight using
weighbridge automation, on-board weighbridge and in-motion truck weighing system, controlling
illicit mineral transportation from mines, and optimization of transportation schedule depending on
the operational constraints.
The mine transport surveillance system of the present invention monitors and controls
mineral overloading, mineral theft and illicit mineral transportation from mines. Vehicles passing
through authorized routes are checked, monitored and billed according to the requirement of mine
management. The present invention consists of different sub-systems to perform various functions.
The present invention uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag to identify location of each
vehicle in mines. RF positioning sensor is used for accurate measurement of mineral weight by
ensuring appropriate dumpers/trucks position on weighbridge platform. The present invention uses
a weighbridge automation system for efficient and automatic control of weighing and mineral
dispatch in mines using RFID tags, boom barrier, number-plate scanning camera, weighbridge
automation on-board truck weighing system and in-motion weighbridge, computer and peripherals.
The present invention uses a programmable ·logic controller (PLC) for automatic operation of
different sub-systems integrated with weighbridge. The present invention also incorporates a RFID
based system for tracking and monitoring of dumpers throughout the mine. Global positioning
system (GPS) based mine transport surveillance system also tracks vehicles throughout the long
range transport route up to destination. The present invention provides guidance for optimum
deployment of shovel-dumper combination to improve productivity of an opencast mine. The
present invention incorporates an anisotropic magneto resistive (AMR) and microwave sensors in
unauthorized paths and mine lease periphery for controlling illicit mineral transportation. The
present invention also provides a wireless communication system for transferring data and video
from different locations of mine to a remote control room. The present invention is developed by
integrating hardware and software for monitoring, controlling and data processing of all the subsystems.
The mine transport surveillance system of the present invention is particularly useful for
controlling illicit mineral transportation, vehicle's number plate scanning and increasing
productivity in opencast mines. The present invention is useful for accurate weighing with the help
of integrated weighbridge automation system and RF positioning sensors. Use of the present
invention would help in tracking the unauthorised vehicle to enter mining lease area with the help
of AMR sensor, microwave sensor, RFID tag, GPS system and boom barrier. This would also help
in checking unauthorized mineral transportation, vehicle overloading, controlling mineral stealing,
improving productivity and safety in opencast mines etc.
The hitherto known prior art generally related to system for mine transport surveillance in
opencast mines is referred to herein below.
Reference may be made to patent numbers: W0/20101122570, US2012/0127924Al and
US8816850B2 entitled "Tracking and monitoring system for opencast mines", wherein a system
has been described and claimed for continuous tracking and monitoring of vehicles and moveable
equipment in opencast mines using ZigBee-enabled active RFID devices. The device forms a
dynamic wireless network among them and other static and mobile ZigBee devices placed at
strategic locations. The system comprises in combination of ZigBee-compliant devices
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3
Reference may be made to patent number: US20100127853Al entitled "Method and
apparatus for locating and tracking objects in a mining environment" wherein the system selects an
operational area within which the locations of a plurality of objects are to be determined and
tracked over time. Radio transceiver systems and associated display systems provided to the
plurality objects are operated to form an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer network. The relative positions of the
various objects are determined by measuring the time-of-flight of the radio signals exchanged
between various radio transceiver systems and analyzing the time-of-flight of such exchanged radio
signals. The relative positions of at least some of the o~jects within the operational area are then
displayed on the display system.
The drawbacks of the above said patent number: US20100127853Al is that the system
discloses only the locating and tracking objects in a mining environment, but it is limited to specific
operational area. The system is not capable of tracking objects outside of mine lease boundary and
it cannot monitor any vehicle which doesn't carry radio transceiver system. The system are not
capable of accurate weighing with integrated weighbridge, vehicle's number plate scanning,
automatic transportation and wireless communication from different locations to control room. It
has no GPS based mine transport surveillance system for tracking of vehicles throughout the long
range transport route up to destination.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN101379842A entitled "Computerized mine
production system", wherein a system has been described and claimed for a central computer unit ·
having a first database controlled by a first logic unit. At least one mobile computer unit is joined
with the mobile equipment. Each of the mobile computer units has a second database controlled by
a second logic unit. At least one wireless communication device enable communication between
said first logic unit and said second logic unit, wherein said mobile computer unit is operable
independent of the first logic unit.
Reference may be made to patent number: W02014042508Al entitled "Wireless
production monitoring system", wherein a system has been described and claimed for wirelessly
· transmitting production data of a plurality of production lines within a manufacturing plant to a
remote server via a wireless access point so that the manufacturing plant's production can be
monitored remotely. The wireless production monitoring system including a plurality of detection
and data input collection modules, for detecting and collecting productio·n line related data,
including at least one RFID tag; a data transmission module comprising a plurality of RFID
readers, a plurality of wireless routers and a wireless access point that enable wireless
communication of said production line related data between anyone of the plurality of detection and
data input collection modules to a data management module; the data management module
including a local host serving as a web based server that includes a web based data acquisition
system.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN203054580U entitled "Safety production
monitoring and scheduling system based qn coal mine mobile private network", wherein a system
has been described and claimed for coal mine information network is connected with a data
acquisition server, a database server and a wireless access server; the database server is used for
storing data collected by the data acquisition system; the wireless access server is used for verifying
user usage right and realizing remote terminal user access; the coal mine information network is
connected with a communication scheduling subsystem through a firewall; the communication
scheduling subsystem consists of a scheduling server which is connected with the firewall, the coal
mine mobile private network which is connected with the scheduling server, a 3G network which is
connected with the coal mine mobile private network, and mobile communication terminal devices;
the mobile communication terminal devices are connected with the 3G network; and the coal mine
information network is connected with the coal mine mobile private network. The safety production
monitoring and scheduling system base on a coal mine mobile private network is characterized in
I P 0 OliittlM iruc!ui. rs tlr~pte;?cGallrrSne ikfety }i06uction management can be standardized in a real-
4
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time and highly-efficient manner, industry supervision strength and safety production scheduling
operation can be improved, and safety production hidden trouble can be timely tracked and
eliminated.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN102968686A entitled "Digital mine
production scheduling system", wherein a system has been described and claimed for system
hardware and network platform collects relevant data of mine production and transmits the data to
the database management system platform, the database management system platform performs
information interaction with the system hardware and network platform, processes the interaction
information and transmits the interaction information to the production scheduling basic platform;
the production scheduling basic platform stores the information transmitted by the database
management system platform; and the production scheduling management platform scans and
processes the information stored by the production scheduling basic platform and sends the control
information to the database management system platform through the production scheduling basic
platform so that integral optimization production scheduling is achieved. By means of the digital
mine production scheduling system, production efficiencies and economic benefits of mines are
improved.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN1 01126927 A entitled "Coal mine production
scheduling system", wherein a system has been described and claimed for a coal mine production
scheduling systems, including mine multimedia integrated services digital network, web-based
information integration system, safety production monitoring, network-based digital video
surveillance systems, distribution monitoring system and office automation systems. The utility
model relates to a scheduling system in coal production, comprising: a data source apparatus, a data
management apparatus, a data integration apparatus and a data applying apparatus; wherein the data
source apparatus is composed of a monitoring subsystem and an information management
subsystem, the data management apparatus is used to set the gateway used for transferring of the
protocols, the data integration apparatus is used to accomplish the system data integration, the data
applying apparatus is used for providing the users with application services functions according to
the data Sl;lpplied by the data integration apparatus.
The drawbacks of the above said patent numbers: CN101379842A,
W02014042508A1,CN203054580U, CN102968686A and CN101126927A are that the system is
designed only for safety mine production system and scheduling system. But the system has no
feature of tracking vehicles outside the mine. There is no provision for detecting vehicles in
unauthorized path, accurate weighing with integrated weighbridge, vehicle's number plate scanning
and weighbridge automation system. It has no GPS based mine transport surveillance system for
tracking of vehicles throughout the long range transport route up to destination.
Reference may be made to patent number: US8626565B2 entitled "Vehicle dispatching
method and system", wherein a system has been described and claimed for dispatching a plurality
of vehicles operating in a work area among a plurality of destination locations and a plurality of
source locations includes implementing linear programming that takes in an optimization function
and constraints to generate an optimum schedule for optimum production, utilizing a reinforcement
learning algorithm that takes in the schedule as input and cycles through possible environmental
states that could occur within the schedule by choosing one possible action for each possible
environmental state and by observing the reward obtained by taking the action at each possible
environmental state, developing a policy for each possible environmental state, and providing
instructions to follow an action associated with the policy.
Reference may be made to patent number: US63 51697B 1 entitled "Autonomous dispatch system
linked to mine development plan", wherein a system has been described and claimed for an
autonomous dispatch system links positioning-system units mounted on mining and haulage
equipment to a com_puterized mine development plan for ascertaining the origin of mined material
DSls ali&' mafi:i"?als) and personnel associated with a work site.
9
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Personnel are equipped with tracking devices having at least gee-location capability. Assets are
tagged with RFID tags, which are interrogated at portals, by mobile scanners, or by personnel
tracking devices having RFID reading capability. The tag readers and tracking devices are all in
communication with a common information backbone and all data is delivered to, and processed
by, a common command and control subsystem.
The drawbacks of the above said patent number: US7123149 are that the system is
especially designed for tracking of assets and personnel of a commercial enterprise. The system
cannot be used for opencast mining application. The system was designed only for human tracking
and communication purpose working in underground atmosphere. The system has no provision for
weighbridge automation technique to avoid mineral overloading and control illicit mineral
transportation. Further, it has no integrated software for monitoring, controlling and data processing
of all the sub-systems.
Reterence may be made to patent number: U777DEL2UO~ entitled "Wireless information
and safety system for mines", wherein a system has been described and claimed for wireless
tracking and communication in mine. The system was designed for tracking human working in
underground mines.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN1953408 entitled "A method to realize realtime
monitoring of the underground coal miners by ZigBee network", wherein a system has been
described and claimed for real-time monitoring of underground miners using a ZigBee network.
Reference may be made to patent number: CN2871852Y entitled "Mine comprehensive
information system under well based on ZigBee technology wireless network", wherein a system
has been described and claimed for wireless communication in mine. The system was developed for
monitoring miner's location.
The drawbacks of the above said patent numbers: 0777DEL2008, CN1953408 and
CN2871852Y are that the systems are purely based on tracking of miners through tag that may be
insufficient in present scenario of security of mine personal and mineral activity. It is a static
wireless network. The system is designed only for human tracking and communication purpose
working in underground atmosphere. There are no provision for mine transport surveillance,
weighbridge automation technique for avoiding mineral overloading, controlling illicit mineral
transportation. Further, there is no integrated software for monitoring, controlling and data
processing of all the sub-systems.
Reference may be made to literature published in Journal of Coal Science and Engineering
(China), Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 176-181, (20 1 0) entitled "Mining production information management
system in an open pit based on GIS/GPS/GPRS/RFID" by GU Qing-hua, LU Cai-wu, LI Fa-ben
and JING Shi-gun wherein a dynamic information management system of digital mining in an open
pit has been designed and developed. A linear programming model has been set up in a practical
application. By the model, the system can automatically draw up production plan of ore blending
well every day. The system can monitor and dispatch open-pit vehicle and shovels well, and can
play back their historical paths. It can monitor and control the process of mining production in real
time by RFID, the system can also count the number of vehicles' delivery and shovels' loading
automatically. .
The drawbacks of the above said literature are that the system monitors and controls the
process of mining production in real time by RFID and automatically draw up production plan of
ore blending well every day. The systems do not have any facility for GPS based surveillance,
weighbridge automation technique to avoid mineral overloading, controlling illicit mineral
transportation, and integrated software for monitoring, controlling and data processing of all the
sub-systems.
The main objective of the present invention is to develop a mine transport surveillance
system for m.onitoring and controlling unauthorized transportation of mineral in mining areas.
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10
Another objective of the present invention is to develop an integrated system that enables
efficient monitoring and deployment of dumpers, effective visualization of transportation
throughout the mine lease area, optimization of transportation schedule depending on the
operational constraints, and controlling illicit mineral transportation.
Still another objective of the present invention is to develop a weighbridge automation
system for efficient controlling of mineral dispatch and weighing in mining industry using RFID
tags, boom barrier, number plate scanning camera, computer and peripherals.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to integrate two pairs of RF positioning
sensor with weighbridge platform for accurate positioning and weighing of mineral loaded
dumpers. ·
Still yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a PLC based control system
for automatic operation of different sub-systems integrated with weighbridge.
Further objective of the present invention is to develop a KFllJ based system ±or tracking and
monitoring of dumpers throughout the mine.
Still further objective of the present invention is to develop a GPS based mine transport
surveillance system for tracking of vehicles throughout the long range transport route up to
destination.
Yet further objective of the present invention is to establish a microwave and AMR sensors
on the possible unauthorized transportation routes for tracking vehicles.
Still yet further objective of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system
for transferring of data, signals and videos from different locations of mine to a remote control
room.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide an on-board truck weighing system
for accurate measurement of mineral loaded truck dumping in stockyard of the mine.
A still further objective of the present invention is to provide in-motion weighbridge for online
and fast production monitoring.
A yet further objective of the present invention is to provide a guidance for optimum
deployment of shovel-dumper combination in an opencast mine.
A still yet further objective of the present invention is to develop integrated software for
monitoring, controlling and data processing of all the sub-systems.
The mine transport surveillance system of the present invention provides a monitoring
system for continuous control of illicit mineral transportation, accurate weighing of transport
vehicle with the help of integrated weighbridge automation and RF positioning sensors, vehicle's
number plate scanning, and increasing productivity in opencast mines. The system tracks and
checks unauthorised vehicle entering into mining lease area with the help of AMR sensor,
microwave sensor, RFID tag, GPS device and boom barrier. At check post, RFID tag and GPS
device are issued to each truck entering into mine. Once the driver shows the RFID tag to the RFID
reader, boom barrier automatically opens for passing truck on weighbridge if platform is empty. RF
positioning sensors at edges are placed for checking the proper positioning of truck. Once a truck is
placed at correct position then the system becomes ready for weight measurement. Subsequently,
the system measures tare weight, captures image by closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera, scans
the number plate of vehicle and prints it with acknowledgement slip. Driver can also see the weight
on kiosk display placed in front of vehicle. On completion of weighing empty truck, boom barrier
opens and truck proceeds to loading point. After loading, truck goes to another path where another
RFID reader is placed for checking authorised vehicle RFID tag. On verification of correct RFID
tag of the truck the boom barrier opens and the truck proceeds for second weighbridge (with
minerals). Again the truck weight is measured with mineral. Then the system automatically
subtracts tare weight of the truck from the current weight to calculate the actual weight of mineral.
The CCTV camera again captures the image of loaded truck, scans the number plate of vehicle and
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11
of second weight measurement, the external truck driver deposits RFID tag at check post while the
internal truck driver deposits only RFID tag after completion of duty. A microwave and AMR
sensors are installed in every possible unauthorized route for detection of unauthorized vehicle in
mines. Sensor generates an electromagnetic field between transmitter and receiver, and creates an
invisible volumetric detection zone. When an intrusion occurs, the electromagnetic field changes
are registered and it notifies the server administrator. Each microwave sensor node is connected to
each other and forming a wireless sensor network (WSN). When any unauthorized vehicle is sensed
to be entering the boundary, wireless sensor node transmits alarm to the main computer. The GPS
monitoring system helps to locate accurate position of truck throughout the authorised route, and
improves services, manage time and improve truck/ dumper scheduling. Therefore, this integrated
system would help in checking illicit mineral transportation, vehide overloading, improving
efficiency of mineral transportation, enhancing productivity etc.
ln the figures 1 to 7 of the drawings accompanying this specification describes mine transport
surveillance system for mines.
Figure 1 of the drawings shows the schematic block diagram of mine transport surveillance system
consists of different sub-units (1) to (18) of the whole system.
Figure 2 of the drawings shows the schematic diagram of weighbridge platform enabled with RF
positioning sensors system. The sub-system is integrated with two pairs of RF positioning sensor
(S 1) and (S2) at each corner of weighbridge platform for accurate positioning and weighing of
mineral loaded dumpers/trucks.
Figure 3 of the drawings shows the. schematic block diagram of PLC based weighbridge
automation system. The automation system consists of different parts (19) to (32) for accurate and
efficient weighing of mineral by using weighbridge automation system.
Figure 4 of the drawings shows the schematic diagram of weigh-in-motion weighbridge system.
Subsystems consist of different parts (A) to (J) for real time weighing of mineral loaded truck.
Figure 5 of the drawings shows the schematic diagram of AMR sensor placement with the change
in magnetic field due to ferromagnetic material. AMR sensor system consists of different parts (33)
to (3 7) for illegal vehicle detection in unauthorised route.
Figure 6 of the drawings shows the schematic diagram of alignment of microwave sensor for
perimeter surveillance. The subsystem consists of different sub-units (38) to (44) for tracking of
unauthorized vehicle and illicit transportation through mine lease boundary.
Figures 7a, b and c of the drawings show the flow chart of the integrated software for monitoring,
controlling and data processing of all the sub-systems.
The details of the figures 1 to 7 of the drawings are given below:
The schematic diagram of the mine transport surveillance system for monitoring and
controlling unauthorized transportation in figure 1 consists of different parts: RFID tag (1), RFID
reader (2), boom barrier (3), weighbridge (4), weighbridge platform (5), number plate scanning
cameras (6), CCTV (7), AMR sensors (8, 16), GSM tower (10), control room (11), wireless sensor
network (15) and RF positioning sensor (17), GPS, server (SV), hooter (H), liquid crystal display
(LCD) and GPS communication module (GPSCM). The present invention consists of different subunits
those perform various functions. RFID tag (1) is provided to each truck entering the mine
area. Empty truck proceeds for weighing towards the weighbridge (5). It weighs coal carrying
vehicle in mines and provides details like tare weight, gross weight, net weight, customers' name,
date, time-in, time-out etc. RF positioning sensor (17) is used for accurate measurement of mineral
weight by ensuring dumper's appropriate position on weighbridge platform (5). The present
invention uses a weighbridge automation system for efficient controlling of mineral dispatch and
weighing in mines using RFID tags, boom barrier (3), number plate scanning camera (6, 7),
computer and peripherals.A microwave sensor (16) is installed in every possible unauthorized route
~) to detect aw illicit entry of vehicle in _to a mine. Sensors (9) generate an electromagnetic field
I P 0 D We~& trahsmiltg land ~~elv~ toliteat\~ ln invisible volumetric detection zone. When an
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intrusion occurs, the electromagnetic field changes are registered and it notifies the server
administrator. Each microwave sensor ( 16) is connected to other and forming a WSN (15), and
when any unauthorized vehicle is sensed to be entering the mine lease boundary, wireless sensor
node (15) transmits signal which is received and processed by the developed software installed in
server (SV) for displaying the location of intrusion on LCD screen (LCD) and providing warning
alarm by hooter (H) at control room. The authorized vehicle is equipped with a RFID tag (1) and
GPS transceiver which has the capability to send its location without human intervention.
Figure 2 represents the schematic diagram of weighbridge platform enabled with RF
positioning sensor system for monitoring and controlling illegal loading of minerals consists of
· different parts: RF transmitter (S 1 ), RF receiver (S2) and weighbridge platform (WB). RF
positioning sensor (S 1 and S2) are connected to weigh bridge platform (WB). Empty truck. proceeds
for weighing towards the weighbridge (WB). The dumper operator shows the passive RFII) tag in
front of R.FID reader near the weighbridge (WB). The boom barrier opens if the platform is emply
and truck comes on weighbridge platform. PLC based intelligent control system activates photo
sensor and finds out vehicle position and makes further process for weighment. RF positioning
sensors (S 1, S2) ensure that the truck is positioned completely on the platform.
Figure 3 represents the schematic block diagram of weighbridge automation system and
transport scheduling consists of different parts: green LED ( 19), red LED (20), yellow LED (21 ),
weight scale system (22), RFID reader (23), RFID signal transmitter (24), boom barrier opens as
green glows (25), boom barrier closes as red glows (26), alarm on/off based on LED (27), camera
for further recording operations (28), main controller (PLC) (29), wireless sensor network (30),
control room (31) and human machine interface (HMI) panel (32). When a mineral loaded truck
moves from a mine gate, the RFID tagged vehicle is tracked continuously throughout the
authorized path; scans at weight scale (22) check points and the weight of loaded truck is measured.
A long range camera (28) with snapshot facility captures image of vehicle and prints on bill which
is attached with challan. Two pairs of positional sensor installed in weighbridge platform for
checking proper positioning of dumper tires on weighbridge (22) so that weight of mineral is
measured accurately. Subsequently, the data collected at the base station is transmitted to the
central room (31) through wireless links (30), which is displayed on the monitor panel (32) and also
on the LED display (19, 20, 21) next to the person checking the vehicle weight. If weight of coal is
same to their claimed weight and server authenticates the RFID tag number of the truck, the main
computer gives command to the road barrier (25) to open i.e. green LED glows. If the weight is
inconsistent/ overloaded and/or RFID tag is not found or incorrect, an alarm (27) triggers. The main
computer gives command to the barrier (26) to remain close i.e. red LED glows (20). Whole
process is recorded in a long distance surveillance camera (28) for further investigation. The whole
weighbridge automation process is controlled and processed through PLC (29).
Figure 4 represents the schematic diagram of In-motion weighbridge for online and fast
production monitoring. The system consists of different parts: weighbridge (A), traffic barrier (B),
traffic lights (C), surveillance camera (D), kiosk display (E), number plate recognition camera (F),
control room (G), operational kiosk (H), weigh-in-motion load cell (1) as well as On-board weigh
sensor(J). When driver shows the RFID tag to the RFID reader at kiosk display (E), boom barrier
(B) opens for weighing of the loaded truck on weighbridge (A), if platform is empty. Driver can see
the weight on kiosk display (E). Weigh-in-motion sensor measures the weight of vehicle running at
normal speed as it drives over the weigh measuring platform. Photo of number plate, top of truck
and operator is taken by surveillance camera (D) and stored. After weighing, CCTV camera
captures the image of number plate of truck and then acknowledgment slip is printed. After loading,
truck moves forward and reaches to another RFID reader and boom barrier to exit from loading
area. After authentication from RFID reader there are two possibilities firstly, if weight is less than
or eciual to Registered Laden Weight (RL W) then truck proceeds to the checkpoint and if weight is
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13
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measurement. The system also incorporates on-board weigh sensor (J) for real-time measurement
of mineral weight and on-line production monitoring in mine.
Figure 5 represents the schematic diagram of AMR sensor system for detection of illegal
vehicle in mine consists of different parts: AMR sensors (34), magnetic field (33), magnetic field
before vehicle entry (35), magnetic field variation after vehicle entry (37) and magnetic diploe (36).
AMR sensors are placed inside the earth surface in illegal routes decided by the mine's
management. AMR sensors create magnetic field in surrounding areas of illegal routes. Whenever a
vehicle passes through illegal routes (33) in mining area, vehicle disrupts the magnetic field due to
their ferromagnetic properties of chassis material. The rate of disruption of magnetic field depends
on weight of ferrous material and indicates type of vehicles. Whenever vehicle passes through the
AMR sensors (34 ), an alarm or message is created to inform the security personnel and mine
management.
Figure 6 represents the schematic diagram of microwave radar sensor system consists ot
different parts: microwave radar (38), power and data cable (39), controller cabinet (40), pole or
mast (41), antenna (42), transmitted wave (43) and reflected wave (44). Microwave radar (38)
transmits energy towards an area of the roadway from an overhead antenna (42). The area, in which
the radar .energy is transmitted, is controlled by the size and distribution of energy across the
aperture of the antenna (41). When a vehicle passes through the antenna (42), a portion of the
transmitted (43) energy is reflected (44) back towards the antenna at a certain distance that is
controlled linearly by an external input signal, by which the radar (38) can judge the existence of
vehicles through the echo intensity. The energy then enters into a receiver where the detection is
made and vehicle data, such as volume, speed, occupancy and length are calculated.
Figures 7a, b and c represent flow chart of the integrated software covering four main
modules, namely (i) peripheral survey module, (ii) vehicle tracking module, (iii) weighbridge
automation module, and (iv) production monitoring and optimization module. Figure 7a shows
flow chart for mine periphery survey using AMR and microwave sensors, and vehicle tracking
module using GPS system. Figure 7b depicts flow chart for weighbridge automation module being
controlled by PLC and sensors. Figure 7c illustrates flow chart for production monitoring and
optimization of shovel-dumper deployment in opencast mine.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a mine transport surveillance system to use
in mines, characterized in combination of RFID based system for tracking vehicle throughout the
mine, a GPS unit for monitoring the vehicle in and out of the mine throughout the destination, RF
positioning sensors for proper positioning and accurate weighing of vehicle on weighbridge and
PLC based system for controlling all the action of the vehicle on weighbridge.
In an embodiment of the present invention, mine transport surveillance system for monitoring
and controlling unauthorized transportation consists of RFID tag ( 1 ), RFID reader (2), boom barrier
(3), weighbridge (4), weighbridge platform (5), number plate scanning cameras (6), CCTV camera
(7), AMR sensors (8, 16), unauthorized route (9), GSM tower (1 0), control room (11 ), wireless
sensor network (15) and RF positioning sensor (17), GPS, server (SV), hooter (H), liquid crystal
display (LCD) and GPS communication module (GPSCM); wherein consists of different sub-units
those perform various functions; the said RFID tag (1) is provided for each truck entering the mine
area;.the empty truck proceeds for weighing towards the weighbridge (5); weighs mineral carrying
truck/dumper and provides details like tare weight, gross weight, net weight, customers' name,
date, time-in and time-out; the said RF positioning sensor (17) is used for accurate measurement of
mineral weight by ensuring dumper's appropriate position on weighbridge platform (5); the system
uses a weigh bridge automation system for efficient controlling of mineral dispatch and weighing in
mines using RFID tags (1), boom barrier (3), number plate scanning camera (6, 7), computer and
peripherals; the said microwave sensor (16) is installed in every possible unauthorized route (9) to
clete£l an ilycy ~eAicle_ in mine~ the sai~ sensors (9) generate an electromagnetic field between
n ;:: 1 J" ~ . 7 Jo i.l 1 .... 1 7; .b~ 7 1 . d . h · · .... 'tfci'fi~mmer tthu rec~tver, er~tl'hg'an 'thvtsi re vo umetnc etectwn zone; w en an mtruswn occurs
14
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the electromagnetic field changes are registered and it notifies the server administrator; the said
each microwave sensor ( 16) is connected to other and forming a WSN (15), if any unauthorized
vehicle is sensed to be entering the boundary then the said wireless sensor node (15) transmits
signal to the computer which is received and processed. by the developed software installed in
server (SV) for displaying the location of intrusion on LCD screen (LCD) and providing warning
alarm by hooter (H) at control room.; the authorized vehicle is equipped with a RFID tag and GPS
transceiver which has the capability to send its location without human intervention.
In another embodiment of the present invention, wejghbridge platform enables with RF
positioning sensors system consists of RF transmitter (S 1 ), RF receiver (S2) and weighbridge
platform (WB); wherein subsystem RF positioning sensors (S 1 and S2) are connected to
weighbridge platform; when an empty truck proceeds for weighing towards the weighbridge
dumper operator shows the passive RFID tag in front of RFID reader near the weigh bridge; then
. booiTibarrier opensi:f the platform is empty and truck comes on weigh bridge platform;-whei\~in
PLC based intelligent system manages photo sensor and verifies vehicle position, and makes
further process for weight measurement; the said RF positioning sensors (S 1, S2) ensures that the
truck is positioned completely on the platform.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, PLC based mine transport automation
system is provided for controlling different functions of the system consists of green LED (19), red
LED (20), yellow LED (21), weight scale system (22), RFID reader (23), RFID signal transmitter
(24), boom barrier open as green glows (25), boom barrier closes as red glows (26), alarm on/off
based on LED (27), camera for· further recording operations (28), main controller (PLC) (29),
wireless sensor network (30), control room (31) and human machine interface (HMI) panel (32);
wherein a mineral loaded truck moves from a mine gate, the RFID tagged vehicle is tracked
continuously through the authorized path and scanned at weight scale (22) check points where
weight of loaded truck is measured; the said long range camera (28) with snapshot facility captures
image of vehicle and prints on bill which is attached with challan; two pairs of positional sensor are
installed on weighbridge platform for checking proper positioning of dumper tires on weighbridge
(22) such that accurate weight of coal is measured; then the data collected at the base station are
transmitted to the central room (31) through wireless links (30) and displayed on the monitor panel
(32) and also on the LED display (19, 20, 21) next to the person checking the vehicle weight; if
weight of mineral is same to their claimed weight and server authenticates the RFID tag number of
the truck, then the main computer gives command to the road barrier (25) to open i.e. green LED
glows; if the weight is inconsistent/ overloaded and/or RFID tag is not found or incorrect, then an
alarm (27) is triggered and the main computer gives command to the barrier (26) to remain close
i.e. red LED glows (20); the whole process is recorded in a long distance surveillance camera (28)
for further investigation and the whole weighbridge automation process is controlled and processed
through PLC (29).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, weighbridge automation system for
accurate measurement of mineral weight in mine consists of weighbridge (A), traffic barrier (B),
traffic lights (C), surveillance camera (D), kiosk display (E), number plate recognition camera (F),
control room (G), operational kiosk (H) and RF positioning sensors (I); wherein truck driver shows
the RFID tag to the RFID reader then boom barrier (B) opens for weighting on weighbridge (A) if
platform is empty; the truck driver can see the weight on kiosk display (E); the said weigh-inmotion
sensor (I) measures weight of mineral loaded truck running at normal speed; the system also
incorporates on-board weigh sensor (J) installed within trucks for real time weight of minerals and
monitoring production: after weighing number plate (front and rear view), top of truck and oper~tor
image are taken by CCTV camera (D) and stored; after weighing, CCTV camera captures the
image of number plate of truck and then acknowledgment slip is printed; after loading, truck moves
n J;op~rq. anq l:fa~~~t<.?_ ~n~ther RFID re_ader and boom barrier to exit from loading area; afler
..., auiheht'tcatiOn"'frorlf RFIJJ-rPade?thett lre· t~d possibilities firstly, if weight is less than or equal to
15
Registered Laden Weight (RL W) then truck proceeds to the checkpoint and if weight is greater than
RLW, the truck has to remove the excess mineral and comes back again for gross weight
measurement.
In still yet another embodiment of the present invention, AMR sensor system for illegal
vehicle detection in mines consists of AMR sensors (34), magnetic field (33), magnetic field before
vehicle entry (35), magnetic field variation after vehicle entry (37) and magnetic dipole (36);
wherein AMR sensors are placed inside the earth surface in illegal routes decided by the mine
management; the said AMR sensors (34) create magnetic field in surrounding areas of illegal
routes; whenever a vehicle passes through illegal routes (33) in mining area, vehicle disrupts the
magnetic field due to their ferromagnetic properties of chassis material; the rate of disruption of
magnetic field depends on weight of ferrous materials and indicates types of vt:hides; auy vebide
whenever passes through the AMR sensors (34) an alarm or message is created to inform the
. securifypersonr1efand-rrune management.---
In a further embodiment of the present invention, microwave radar sensor system consists of
microwave radar (38), power and data cable (39), controller cabinet ( 40), pole or mast ( 41) antenna
(42), transmitted wave (43) and reflected wave (44); wherein the said microwave radar (38)
transmits energy towards an area of the roadway from an overhead antenna ( 42); the area in which
the radar energy is transmitted, is controlled by the size and distribution of energy across the
aperture of the antenna ( 41 ); when a vehicle when passes around the antenna ( 42), the beam of a
portion of the transmitted (43) energy is reflected (44) back towards the antenna at a certain
distance which is controlled linearly by an external input signal from which the radar (38) judges
the existence of vehicles through the echo intensity; the energy then enters into a receiver where the
detection is made and vehicle data, such as volume, speed, occupancy and length are calculated.
In a still further embodiment of the present invention, an integrated system is provided for
efficient monitoring and deployment of· dumpers, effective visualization of transportation
throughout the mine lease, optimization of transportation schedule depending on the operational
constraints, and controlling illicit mineral transportation.
In a yet further embodiment of the present invention, RFID based system provided for tracking and
monitoring of dumpers throughout the mine.
In a still yet further embodiment of the present invention, GPS based mine transport surveillance
system is provided for tracking of vehicles throughout the long range transport route up to
destination.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the system provides guidance for optimum
deployment of shovel-dumper combination in an opencast mine.
In still another embodiment of the present invention is to provide an on-board truck
weighing system for accurate measurement of mineral loaded truck dumping in stockyard of the
mine.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention is to provide an in-motion weigh bridge for online
and fast production monitoring.
In still yet another embodiment of the present invention, an integrated software is provided for
monitoring, controlling and data processing of all the sub-systems.
In the present invention there is provided mine transport surveillance system for monitoring
and controlling unauthorized transportation, which comprises of estimation method and software
for monitoring and controlling unauthorized transportation. The whole system consists of different
sub-parts (1 to 44).The said system provides a monitoring system for continuous control of illicit
mineral transportation, accurate weighing of transport vehicle with the help of integrated
weighbridge automation and RF positioning sensors (S 1, S2), vehicle's number plate scanning, and
increasing productivity in opencast mines. Wherein system tracks and checks unauthorized vehicle
ente~ip&. into mini~ lease area with the h~lpofAMR sensor (8), microwave sensor (16), RFID tag
I p Q. Dfi~ tiPS· deli~ arm 6oorJ ~Jia. Aflcheck!p6st; RFID tag (1) and GPS device are issued to each
16
truck entering into mine. Once the driver shows the RFID tag (1) to the RFID reader (2), boom
barrier automatically opens for passing truck on weighbridge (A) if platform is empty. Said RF
positioning sensors (17) at edges are placed for checking the proper positioning of truck. Once a
truck is placed at correct position then the system becomes ready for weight measurement.
Subsequently, the said system measures tare weight captures image by CCTV (7) camera, scans the
number plate of vehicle and prints it with acknowledgement slip. Driver can also see the weight on
kiosk display (E) placed in front of vehicle. On completion of weighing empty truck, boom barrier
(B) opens and truck proceeds to loading point. After loading, truck goes to another path where
another RFID reader (2) is placed for checking authorized vehicle RFID tag. On verification of
correct RFID tag of the truck the boom barrier (B) opens and the truck proceeds for second
weighbridge (A) (with minerals). Again the truck weight is measured with mineral. Then Lhe said
system automatically subtracts tare weight of the truck from the current weight to calculate the
actual weight of mineral. The CCTV camera (7) again captures the image of loaded truck, scans the
number plate of vehicle and prints the same on the final bill with customer's name, date, time-in
and time-out. After completion of second weight measurement, the external truck driver deposits
RFID tag ( 1) at check post while the internal truck driver deposits only RFID tag (1) after
completion of duty. Said microwave (16) and AMR (8) sensors are installed in every possible
unauthorized route for detection of unauthorized vehicle in mines. Sensor generates an
electromagnetic field (33) between transmitter and receiver, and creates an invisible volumetric
detection zone. When an intrusion occurs, the electromagnetic field (33) changes are registered and
it notifies the server administrator. Each microwave sensor (16) node is connected to each other and
forming a wireless sensor network (WSN). When any unauthorized vehicle is sensed to be entering
the boundary, wireless sensor node transmits signal which is then received and processed by the
developed software installed in server (SV) for displaying the location of intrusion on LCD screen
(LCD) and providing warning alarm by hooter (H) at control room .. Said GPS monitoring system
helps to locate accurate position of truck throughout the authorized route, and improves services,
manage time and improve truck/ dumper scheduling. Therefore, this said integrated system would
help in checking illicit mineral transportation, vehicle overloading, improving efficiency of mineral
transportation, enhancing productivity etc.
In physical embodiment of mine transport surveillance system of the present invention
specifications ofthe system are given below.
Weighbridge: Weight range: 0-100 t, Platform size: 18 x 3m.
Passive RFID tag/reader: Operating frequency- ISM band using UHF.
HD IR camera for taking number plate image: Range-30m, Vari-focal6-12 mm.
Boom barrier: Length - 4 m.
Truck position sensor: Range - 5 m.
Programmable logic controller: CPU 224xPsi 24VDC AI/AO DilDO
AMRsensor: Range - 15 m, Bandwidth - 5 MHz.
Wireless sensor network: Range-100m, Frequency band- 2.4 GHz.
The novel features of mine transport surveillance system of the present invention have been
realized by the non-obvious inventive steps for remotely monitoring of transportation activities in
mining areas, automatic and accurate weight measurement of mineral, optimum deployment of
shovel-dumper combination, controlling illegal mining, unauthorized mineral transportation and
mine periphery survey.
The novelty of the present invention with respect to the prior art are:
1. Capable of monitoring and controlling unauthorized transportation of mineral throughout the
mine periphery by detecting vehicles using AMR sensor (34) of Fig. 5 and microwave radar
(38) of Fig. 6, transmitting the detected signal of corresponding sensor to control room through
I p 0 DEL ~lfless1 s~~o0 ~t~~b.\1 5~of {~· ?'s a9d processing the received signal by the developed
17
T--C....n... ·
software installed in server (SV) for displaying the location of intrusion on LCD screen (LCD)
and providing warning alarm by hooter (H) at control room.
2. Capable of continuously monitoring the vehicles in a mine by attaching a RFID tag (1) with
each vehicle and tracking il by RFID reader (2) for preventing unauthorized entry of vehicles in
a mine and installing a GPS in a vehicle carrying mineral for constant surveillance throughout
their transportation route as well as production monitoring using the developed software.
3. Capable of accurate measurement of minerals and thereby checking mineral overloading using
RFJD reader (23)~ ,;o,reigh scale (22) and RF positioning sensors (S 1 and S2) for ensuring proper
placement of vehicle on weighbridge platform as shown in Fig. 3.
4. Capable of performing different automation processes using programmable logic controller (29)
to control boom barrier (16), RF posit~oning sensor (S 1 and S2), number plate scan camera (6),
KIOSK display(E)and other mechanical devices as shown in Fig. 3.
5. Capable of providing guidance for optimum deployri1ent ot shovel-dumper combination in an
opencast mine using GPS and long range CCTV camera (7) for constant observation of
different mining operations, particularly coal carrying dwnpers/trucks, shovels and other
auxiliary equipment, and real time assignment of work using LCD display, web
application/software ~;md GPS communication module (GPSCM).
6. Capable of providing an on-board truck weighing device (J) of Fig. 4 for installation in
transportation truck/dumper for real-time measurement of mineral weight and on-line
production monitoring in mine.
7. Capable of providing an in-motion weigh bridge using weigh-in-motion load cell (1) as shown in
Fig. 4 for measuring weight of mineral loaded truck/dumper running at normal speed which
helps in fast production monitoring.
8. Capable of providing a wireless communication system for transferring of data and video from
different locations of a mine to a remote control room using wireless sensor node (WSN) (15)
as shown in Fig. 1.
9. Capable of providing integrated software for monitoring, controlling and data processing of all
the modules, namely: periphery surveillance module, vehicle tracking module, weighbridge
automation module, and production monitoring and optimization module as shown in the flow
chart of the software (Fig. 7).
Use of a mine transport surveillance system of the present invention should be done as follows:
The mine transport surveillance system is especially designed for controlling illicit mineral
transportation, accurate weighing of transport vehicle with the help of integrated weighbridge
automation and RF positioning sensors, vehicle's number plate scanning, and increasing
productivity in open pit mines by optimwn deployment of shovel-dumper combination. The system
has facility for tracking unauthorised vehicle entering in mining lease area with the help of AMR
and microwave sensors, and tracking and controlling transportation vehicle throughout the mine
using RFID tag, GPS system and boom barrier. At check post RFID tag and GPS device are issued
for each truck entering into mines' area. Driver shows the RFID tag to the RFID reader and
subsequently boom barrier opens for weighing on weighbridge if platform is empty. Where, RF
positioning sensors at weighbridge edges check the proper positioning of truck, and if a truck is
placed at proper position then it is ready for weight measurement. Subsequently the system takes
tare weight, captures image by CCTV camera, scans the number plate of vehicle and prints it with
acknowledgement slip. Driver can also see the weight on kiosk display. Boom barrier opens and
truck proceeds to loading point. RFID reader authenticates that it has entered appropriated loading
point then boom barrier open for loading. After loading, a truck passes through another RFID
reader and boom barrier opens, and the truck proceeds for second weight (with mineral). Again the
truck is weighed with mineral and automatically subtracts the tare weight from the current loaded
n J!Vch'"eig~t ~ ~%t¥e_ a~tual weight of rpineral. The CCTV camera again captures the image of
..... 1o~"detl1tucl(, stanS"'tl1e numCBJ·~atetlven~ll and prints it on the final bill which is attached with
18
T...I.O...I.!..'.".l
the challan. After completing second weight measurement, the external truck driver deposits RFID
tag and GPS device at check post during each trip and the internal truck driver deposits RFID tag
only on completion of duty. The AMR and microwave sensors control unauthorised vehicles
entering though mine boundary. The GPS monitoring system helps to locate accurate position of
truck throughout the route and improve services, manages time and improves truck/dumper
scheduling. Therefore, 'this integrated system helps to check unauthorized mining, prevents vehicle
overloading, helps in accurate measurement of mineral, controls illicit mineral transportation,
improved productivity by deploying optimum shovel-dumper combination, helps in mine periphery
surveillance etc.
The following examples are given by way of illustration in actual practice of the mine transport
surveillance system for monitoring and controlling illicit mineral transportation aeti vi ties u1
opencast mines, which should not be considered to limit the scope of invention.
Example~ 1
The developed technology was tested at Moonidih (West) mine, Bharat Coking Coal Limited
(BCCL), Dhanbad for monitoring and tracking vehicles, and manless weighing arrangement. The
CCTV cameras were installed at loading and unloading points to record the movement of vehicle at
electronic weighbridge. At weighbridge corners four RF positioning sensors were installed for
checking proper alignment of truck. In case of proper alignment of truck on weighbridge, RF
positioning sensors sent the data wirelessly to control room PC in which an advance tracking and
monitoring software was installed. The real time image of vehicle was displayed on the screen.
Subsequently the software performed other tasks related to dispatch.
Example- 2
Field trial of the developed system was also conducted at Kusanda mine, BCCL, Dhanbad for
monitoring and tracking vehicle, and automated weighing of coal transportation trucks. CCTV
cameras, RF positioning sensors, RFID tags and reader, boom barriers, display unit, computer and
software, and other sub-systems were installed at the mine site. At weighbridge corners four RF
positioning sensors were installed for checking proper alignment of truck. In case of proper
alignment of truck on weighbridge, camera sent the data wirelessly to control room PC in which an
advanced tracking and monitoring software was already installed. The real time location of vehicle
displays on the screen. The system and software performs different tasks related to dispatch and
coal transportation activities.
The mine transport surveillance system of the present invention essentially enabled to monitor
mining transportation activities, tracking of unauthorised or illegal vehicle movement in the mine,
automatic and accurate weighing of coal, and controlling illicit mineral transportation. The
integrated software helped in automation for monitoring, controlling and data processing of all subsystems.
The system generated loud audio and visual alarm when illegal or unauthorised vehicle
enters into the mine lease area, which ultimately helped the security men to take quickly action for
stoping theft of coal.
Therefore, it is conclusively shown that the novel feature enabled by the inventive steps of mine
transport surveillance system is the present invention essentially proved useful for the mine
management to improve productivity, illicit transportation of coal, automated weighing of coal and
on-line monitoring of coal production and transportation.
The main advantages of the mine transport surveillance system of the present invention are:
1. The system precisely monitors unauthorized transportation of mineral in mines.
2. The system efficiently monitors deployment of dumpers, effective visualization of
transportation throughout the mine lease, optimization of transportation schedule depending on
the operational constraints, and controlling illicit mineral transportation.
3. The system efficiently controls mineral dispatch and weighing on weighbridge in mines using
RFID. tags, boom. barrier, and number plate scanning camera, computer and peripherals.
nii:II-&T 'i!"Z:-r.l7'-?r.1i111!:: 17~U::::7 ....,.._._1111 .... .-!1> . ..1 .._,, e-....., ... _, OIIIIIL.t' --"If'
19
4. The system accurately measures mineral loaded trucks by proper positioning of truck tyres on
weigh bridge using two pairs of RF positioning sensor.
5. The system provides an on-board truck weighing system for accurate measurement of mineral
loaded truck dumping in stockyard of the mine.
6. The system provides an in-motion weighbridge for on-line and fast production monitoring.
7. The system enables automatic operation of different sub-systems integrated with weighbridge
through a PLC based control system.
8. The system enables tracking and monitoring of dumpers throughout the mine by using RFID
based system.
9. The system tr~cks vehicles throughout the long range transport route up to destination by using
GPS based mine transport surveillance system.
10. The system enables optimum deployment of shovel-dumper combination for improving
productivity of a mine.
11. The system provides microwave and anisotropic magneto-resistive sensors on unauthorized
paths and periphery of mine lease boundary for tracking vehicle in illicit routes.
12. The system transfers data and video from different locations of a mine to a remote control room
through a wireless communication system.
13. The system performs monitoring, controlling and data processing of all the sub-systems using
an integrated software.
IPO DELKI 13-07-2015 17 C_,:,.7
20
We claim:
1. A mine transport surveillance system for monitoring and controlling transportation of minerals
for opencast mines, which essentially consists of RFID tag (1 ), RFID reader (2), boom barrier
(3), weighbridge (4), weighbridge platform (5), number plate scanning cameras (6), CCTV
camera (7), AMR sensors (8, 16), GSM tower ( 1 0), control room ( 11 ), wireless sensor network
(15) and RF positioning sensor (17), GPS, server (SV), hooter (H), liquid crystal display (LCD)
and GPS communication module (GPSCM); wherein the system consists of different sub-units,
a RFID tag ( 1) is provided for each truck entering the mine area; empty truck being weighing
by weighbridge (5) , the said RF positioning sensor (17) provided accurate measurement of
mineral weight by ensuring dumper's appropriate position on weighbridge platform (5); the said
weighbridge automation system for controlling of mineral weighing and dispatch in mines
using the said RFID tags (1), RFID reader (1), boom barrier (3), number plate scanning cameta
(6, 7), computer and peripherals; the said microwave sensor (16) is installed in every possible
unauthorized route (9) to detect an illicit vehicle movement in mines; the said AMR sensors (9)
generate an electromagnetic field between transmitter and receiver by creating an invisible
volumetric detection zone; when an intrusion occurs, the electromagnetic field changes are
registered and it notifies the server administrator; the said each microwave sensor (16) is
connected to other and forming a WSN (15); a wireless sensor node (15) sends signal to the
computer on entering of any unauthorized vehicle is sensed to be entering the mine lease
boundary, the said signal received and processed by the developed software installed in server
(SV) for displaying the location of intrusion on LCD screen (LCD) and providing warning
alarm by hooter (H) at control room.; the authorized vehicles are equipped with a RFID tag (1)
and GPS transceiver which has the capability to send its location without human intervention.
2. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1, wherein the weigh bridge platform
enabled with RF positioning sensor system consists of RF transmitter (S 1 ), RF receiver (S2)
and weighbridge platform (WB); wherein the sub-system RF positioning sensor (S 1 and S2)
are installed in the four corners ofweighbridge platform; on sensing the passive RFID tag (1) in
front of RFID reader (2) near the weighbridge the boom barrier opens; another sub-system PLC
(29) based intelligent control system manages photo sensor and finds out vehicle position, and
makes further process for weight measurement; the said RF positioning sensors (S 1, S2)
ensures properly position of truck on the weighbridge platform.
3. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 2, wherein the mine transport
automation system is provided for manless operation of weighbridge consists of a green LED
(19), red LED (20), yellow LED (21 ), weight scale system (22), RFID reader (23 ), RFID signal
transmitter (24), boom barrier open as green glows (25), boom barrier closes as red glows (26),
alarm on/off based on LED (27), camera for further recording operations (28), main controller
(PLC) (29), wireless sensor network (30), control room (31) and human machine interface
(HMI) panel (32).
4. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein a PLC (29) based
weighbridge automation system consists weighbridge (A), traffic barrier (B), traffic lights (C),
surveillance camera (D), kiosk display (E), number plate scanning camera (F), control room
(G), operational kiosk (H) and in-motion weigh sensor (I), on-board weigh sensor (J); wherein
truck driver shows the RFID tag to RFID reader located at kiosk display (E), then the boom
barrier (B) opens for weighing on weighbridge (A) if platform is empty; the truck driver can see
n ~t:· 1 f8e-f"eigpt£~ ~.o¥ _di)Pk~ (E); tl1e1ai.d ~9gh-in-motion sensor (I) measures weight of mineral
""" .... -Joaaed truCk nmn'ing afnormal speed;- tlleesystem also incorporates on-board weigh sensor (J)
21
installed within trucks for real time weight of minerals and monitoring production; after
weighing number plate (front and rear view), top of truck and operator image. are taken by
CCTV camera (D) and stored; after loading, truck moves forward and reaches to another RFID
reader (2) and subsequently to another boom barrier for exiting from the loading area; after
authentication from RFID reader (2) there are two possibilities firstly, if weight is less than or
equal to Registered Laden Weight (RL W) if weight is greater than RLW, the truck has to
remove the excess mineral and comes back again for gross weight measurement.
5. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the AMR sensor (34)
are placed inside the earth surface in illegal routes decided by the mine management consists of
AMR sensors (34), magnetic field (33), magnetic field before vehicle entry (35), magnetic field
variation after vehicle entry (37) and magnetic dipole (36); the said AMR sensors (34) create
magnetic field in surrounding areas of illegal routes; whenever a vehicle passes through illegal
routes (33) in mining area, vehicle disrupts the magnetic field the rate of disruption of magnetic
field depends on weight of ferrous materials and indicates types of vehicles; as vehicle
whenever passes through the AMR sensors (34) an alarm or message is created to inform the
security personnel and mine management.
6. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the microwave radar
sensors system consists of consists of microwave radar (38), power and data cable (39),
controller cabinet (40), pole or mast (41) antenna (42), transmitted wave (43) and reflected
wave (44); wherein the said microwave radar (38) transmits energy towards an area of the
roadway from an overhead antenna ( 42); the area in which the radar energy is transmitted, is
controlled by the size and the distribution of energy across the aperture of the antenna ( 41 );
when a vehicle when passes around the antenna (42), the beam of a portion of the transmitted
(43) energy is reflected (44) back towards the antenna at a certain distance that is controlled
linearly by an external input signal from which the radar (38) judges the existence of vehicles
through the echo intensity; the energy then enters into a receiver where the detection is made
and vehicle data, such as volume, speed, occupancy and length are calculated.
7. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 6, wherein the system provides
an on-board truck weighing device (J) for installation in transportation truck/dumper for realtime
measurement of mineral weight and on-line production monitoring in mine.
8. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 7, wherein the system provides
an in-motion weighbridge using weigh-in-motion load cell (I) as shown in Fig. 4 for measuring
weight of mineral loaded truck/dumper running at normal speed.
9. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 8, wherein the system is
installing a GPS in a vehicle carrying mineral
10. A mine transport surveillance system as claimed in claims 1 to 9, wherein the provide guidance
for optimum deployment of shovel-dumper combination using GPS and long range CCTV
camera (7) using LCD Jisplay (LCD), web application/software and GPS communjcation
module (GPSCM).