Groundnut is one of oil seed which is in high demand for the production of edible oil & used as fodder etc., Groundnut is cultivated in more than 60 countries in the world. Groundnut occupied an area of 26,46,286 hectare with the production of 35,65,843 tonnes in the world. Groundnut is mainly produced in Asian countries. China is the largest producer of Groundnut accounting for 37.71% of total world production followed by India (21.30%). China and India together, accounted for about 58.74% of world Groundnut production. Groundnut is chiefly used for the extraction of oil and to a small extent as spice. As India is an agriculture based country, Groundnut seeds are also used for sowing purpose. Groundnut is a dicot plant, having externa! covering shell, which is to be removed, prior to using. This is also known as Deshelling or decorticating. But hand shelling of Groundnut pods is laborious and labour intensive process which is time consuming. There are so many types of Groundnut sheller available in market, which is of high capacity and cost, But the resource poor farmers facing poor purchasing ability towards costlier equipments and machineries.
Hence an attempt was made to mechanize the process of hand shelling with efficient device to suit their requirements depending on his land holdings, save time in the process to a large extent and low cost. Several researchers-have been involved for the past few years in designing and testing a decorticator to meet the needs of farmers. As a result of this, a device called Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller was designed and fabricated. But the primary design had some drawbacks and hence an effort has been made to overcome the drawbacks. More importantly, i seeds should not be damaged for sowing process. By focusing on this point of view the Groundnut sheller was designed. A strong market exists in world for an affordable and capable Groundnut sheller device. Hence, this present work emphasizes on Groundnut sheller, which is inevitable for small farmers and high production with simple technology.

Objectives:
The present invention referred as Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller has been developed with following objectives.
• To develop a Deshelling for Groundnut of different sizes.
• To reduce the human effort for Deshelling the Groundnut pods.
• To optimize the performance, adopt simple technology and cost effective hence affordable by resource poor farmers.
• To know the Deshelling efficiency and economical.
• To know the seed damage while Deshelling using the Groundnut sheller.
• Summary of invention:
Groundnut is a dicot plant, having eternal covering shell, which is to be removed, prior to using. This is also known as Deshelling or decorticating. Groundnut is chiefly used for the extraction of oil and to a small extent as spice. As India is an Agriculture based country, Groundnut seeds are also used for sowing purpose. But hand shelling of Groundnut pods is laborious and labour intensive process which is time consuming. There are so many types of Groundnut sheller available in market, which is of high capacity and cost, but the resource poor farmers facing Poor purchasing ability towards costlier equipments and machineries. Hence an attempt was made to mechanize the process of hand shelling with efficient device to suit their requirements depending on his land holdings, save time in the process to a large extent and low cost. Several researchers have been involved for the past few years in designing and testing a decorticator to meet the needs of farmers. As a result of this, a device called Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller was designed and fabricated. Groundnuts vary in size and therefore the adjustable member must be moved towards or away from the chamber depending upon the size of Groundnut which is intended to be shelled. If the gap between the resilient strip and the band is too large then Groundnuts will pass through the gap without being shelled. And if the gap is too small then the kernels will be damaged. Thus Groundnuts must be graded and the adjustable member adjusted for each size of nut. Alternatively, by using three of these sieves/screen of different Radius size ( 4mm, 5mm & 6mm) in series and adjusting the first (R 6mm) to shell only the large nuts', the second (R 5mm) the medium sized nuts and the third (R 4mm) the small nuts, it is possible to shell most sizes of nuts effectively by arranging the three sieves/screen to make use of gravity and suitably sized screens between each in the alternative form of the invention shown in Fig.l. But the primary design had some drawbacks and hence an effort has been made to overcome the drawbacks. More importantly, seeds should not be damaged for sowing process. By focusing this point of view the Groundnut sheller was designed. A strong market exists in world for an affordable and capable Groundnut sheller device.

A. Description of the invention
This invention is about a Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller. It is manually Hand operate) Groundnut pod Sheller machine, it consists of handle which Rotate the shaft drum with rubberizei beaters to decorticate or remove the outer shell of groundnut pods. This Deshelling is accomplishei by clearance provided between shaft drum and the circulating housing and the shell on the Groundnu shear off by rubberized beater. But hand shelling of Groundnut pods is laborious and labor intensivi process which is also time consuming process. Hence, an attempt was made to mechanize the proces of hand shelling for small and rural marginal farmers, so as to save labour and time consumed in th> process to a large extent. Several researchers have been involved for quite some time in designinj and testing a decorticator/sheller to meet the needs of the farmers. The present innovation 'Mini ham operated Groundnut sheller" device work on simple technology, low cost and high efficient. We cai de-shell different types of seeds like Groundnut, Castor shells and Jatropha.
B. Description of Machine Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following example read in conjunctioi with accompanying drawing details description of the design and materials adopted for the purpose o developing Groundnut sheller.
It is a useful device for small farmers to conveniently shell Groundnut pods requires less storag space, can be relocate and install easily. It is also suitable for shelling castor seeds just by adjusting appropriate concave sieves to device. SALIENT FEATERS
Functions: To de-shell the Groundnut pods.
Specifications: (a) Overall dimensions : 651x366x476 mm
(b) Capacity : 150 kg/day
(c) Power required : Manual (single person)
(d) Cost of the unit : 2,800/-
(e) Shelling efficiency : 90-95%
(f) Broken kernels : 3-5%
Figure:-1 Illustrates the assembled view of the Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller developed These decorticating machine components are
1. Hopper with semi cylindrical disk.
2. Regulating door.
3. Shaft Drum or Rotor with rubberized beater.
4. Base / supporting structure.
5. Handle
6. Sieve
7. Bearing

Hopper with semi circular disk. The Figure-3 shows detailed dimension description of hopper with semi cylindrical disk / circular housing. There is inverted square pyramiding hopper which is connected to the semi cylindrical disk / circular housing having 14 parts beating chamber which is semi-cylinder. The square cutout is made for purpose of feeding Groundnut to beating chamber from hopper, the Regulating door as shown in Figure 8 with, it is provided to control the flow rate of Groundnut into the beating chamber. Hinge is provided to lock base and hopper with semi circular disk to insert'sieves by opening the circular housing/ upper part of the decorticator
Rotor or Shaft Drum with rubberized beater. The Figure-4 shows detailed dimension of Rotor which is assembled with shaft, rotating drum, metal beater and rubberized beater, which is able to rotate horizontally in the beating chamber / circular housing when handle is applied with driving force. The clearance maintained between rubberized beater and sieves/screen helps in sharing the groundnut pods/ external covering of groundnut to deshell the groundnut seeds. The rubberized beater and metal beater are locked by nuts and bolts and there are five beaters in the shaft drum to perform deshelling operations.
Base I supporting structure: With the reference to on Figure-5, the base consists of 4 legs which support the beating chamber to perform the shelling operation, the circular arc is made on one side to support and restrict sieves movement. The separate the shell and the seeds of Groundnut through sieves will be collected at the bottom of the base.
Handle: The Figure-6 represents the detailed dimension of handle lever which is coupled to. the shaft using nut. Purpose to rotate/drive the rotor or shaft drum with rubberized beater to decorticate the Groundnut.
Sieve: The Figure-7 represents the design detailed dimension of sieves with different size, which is fitted in the circular arc in base/supporting structure of Groundnut decorticator, Groundnuts vary in size and therefore the adjustable member/sieves must be moved towards or away from-the chamber depending upon the size of Groundnut which is intended to be shelled. If the gap between the resilient strip and the band is too large then Groundnuts will pass through the gap without being shelled. And if the gap is too small then the kernels will be damaged. Thus Groundnuts must be graded and the adjustable sieves/screen of different Radius size (4mm, 5mm & 6mm) adjusted

orque at shaft to shell one Groundnut pod (T2) = F2 x D2 F2= Force required to shell one Groundnut pod in N
D2= Distance from rubberized beater to rotating axis / radius of Rotor in mm T2= 1.47x78 = 114.66 N-mm Torque by handle (T|) = Torque at Rotor (T2)
' F| x Di = F2 x D2 Fj- Drive Force required at handle to shell groundnut in N
Di= Distance from rotating axis to handle axis / radius of handle rotation axis in mm Fi x D| = F2 x D2 F,x 133 = 1.47x78 F,x 133 = 114.66
Fi = 114.66= 0.862 N 133 The Drive Force required at handle to shell one Groundnut is 1.087 N
Assuming 5 -10 Groundnuts will be shelled/Revolution
Then:
From —► Ref-01
(F2)= 9.81xf0.15x5) =7.35N 1 T2 = F2 x D2
= 7.35x78 = 573.88 N-mm
Torque by handle (T|) = Torque at Rotor (T2J
F, x Di = F2 x D2
F,x 133 = 7.35x78
F,x 133 = 573.88
Fi = 573.88= 4.31 N 133 The Drive Force required at handle to shell 10-5 Groundnut/Revolution is 4.31 N The experiment suggests that appropriate 312 grams of Groundnut can be shelled by Mini hand
operated Groundnut shelter device for 30 revolutions per minute.
For 1 min-312 grams
60min—- ?
Quantity of Groundnut shelled/hr = 0.312 x 60 = 18.72 Kg/hr
1
Assuming 8 hr of labour work,
Quantity of Groundnut shelled/day = 18.72 x 8 = 149.76- 150 Kg/day

Preliminary arrangements
• Drying: the Groundnut, caster and jatropha pods should be completely dried off, for. the
purpose of shelling by using decorticator. drying can be achived by natural method and also by
adopting artificial methods but it costs more because fuels like secondary energy source like
electric power are utilized & hence better is to go for natural method i.e., solar drying it can be
a means of supplementing or replacing artificial dryers with consequential saving in fuels &
costs. Solar drying provides higher air temperature and lower relative humidity than simple sun
drying. It enhances the drying rate and completely lowers the final moisture content of
groundnut pods. These pods are suitable for decortications.
• Sieving: As we know Groundnut, castor and Jatropha pods are not of uniform size, the size is
varied for each pod. In order to carry out the shelling process with this decorticator it is the
main criteria to grade the Groundnut pods of different size. This is done to select the concave
sieve which is to be adjusting for the device.
The following steps shows the working of "Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller"
Step 1:
Insert the sieve at the base of decorticator by opening the circular housing/ upper part of the decorticator (Hinge is provided).
Step 2:
Close semi circular housing and feed the Groundnut to the hopper and feed the Groundnut to the beating chamber / circular hosing in required manner using regulating door by sampling on the circular housing ( upper part) to slit provided in the hopper as shown is figure 3A & 3B.
Step3:
Rotate the shaft drum with rubberized beaters to decorticate or remove the shell of Groundnut. This Deshelling is accomplishment by clearance provided between shaft drum and the circular housing. The shell on the Groundnut shears off by rubberized beater.
Step 4:
The nature of shell and Groundnut seed is collected on floor and seeds and sheller are separated by winnowing.

Due to change in beater material i.e. the rubber fixed on metal strip is smooth & the damage occurs for the kernels are reduced to large extent in the proposed device. This device can take maximum load if the shaft and drum size is increased to handle easily or to allow relatively smooth operation bearings are used on both sides of the shaft. Hence, the force required to rotate the shaft by hand lever is reduced, so one can sit and decorticate the Groundnut seeds for more numbers of hours easily. The trails are conducted over the years by modifying the designs in order to reduce unshelled pods and damages of Groundnut.
Inference: Over the year 'Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller1 decorticates an average of 150 kg pods/day/labour (women) and percentage of damage is 1.98%. Therefore Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller proves to be viable large for Groundnut grown area for small and marginal farmers with labour scarce condition.

laim:-
A. I claims that the invention 'Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller'.
It consists of following parts,
i. A Hopper with semi cylindrical disk.
ii. A Regulating door.
iii. A Shaft Drum or Rotor with rubberized beater iv. A Base / supporting structure A Sieve
v. A Handle, vi. A Sieve.
B. I claim that the assembled design dimension of A Mini Hand operated Groundnut sheller
consisting of claim A parts.
• A Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller device in accordance with where in the device is operated by using manually hand operated.
• A Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller device in accordance with claim A where in the device has Base. This is having four legs as shown and attachment to fix the base on floor. This base commits of Sieve'guided Description to requirement.
• A Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller device in accordance with claim A where in the device has rubberized beater. The clearance between the circular housing and rubberized beater helps in sharing the pods/ external covering of the Groundnut to deshell the Groundnut seeds.
• A Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller device in accordance with claim A where in the device has sieves. This is fitted in the base of Groundnut sheller. These sieves are used to separate the shell and the seed.
A Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller device an in claim A having a method of operation consisting in the steps of, Feed the Groundnut to the hopper and feed the Groundnut to the beating chamber / circular hosing in required manner using regulating door, Rotating the handle, this handle lever act
. power input the sheller using manual power, the handle lever used to rotate the shaft drum or rubberized beater to decorticate the groundnut, These sieves are used to separate the shell and the seed.
C. I claim that the Device economical, efficient, simple technology, requires less storage space,
portable, install easily.and user friendly device, hence small and marginal resource poor farmers
can be conveniently use to shell Groundnut pods. It is also suitable for shelling Castor, Jatropha
seeds just by adjusting appropriate concave sieves to device.
D. I claim that the Design calculations are satisfy the design, Capacity and efficiency of the 'Mini
hand operated Groundnut sheller1 device.
E. I claims that the invention with accompanying detailed drawing description of the design and
materials adopted for the purpose of developing a 'Mini hand operated Groundnut sheller' Device
in the University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga for helping farming
community.