Claims:1. A mixer assembly (100) for an exhaust treatment system, the mixer assembly (100) comprising:
a spiral cone-shaped mixer (104) configured within a mixing chamber (102) of the exhaust treatment system and oriented perpendicular to an exhaust line of the exhaust treatment system, the spiral cone-shaped mixer (104) is defined by a sheet (202) rolled spirally about an axis of revolution (A-A’) with the surface of the sheet (202) inclined at an acute angle with the axis of revolution (A-A’) such that a predefined gap is maintained between adjacent layers of the rolled sheet 202, and a tangential inlet (204) is formed;
wherein the mixer (104) is configured to receive, into an internal space of the mixer (104), exhaust gas flowing along the exhaust line through the tangential inlet (204), and an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) through an open-top of the mixer (104), creating an axial vortex flow of the received exhaust gas and the ETF to facilitate mixing and/or vaporization of the exhaust gas and the ETF.
2. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer (104) is adapted to discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas axially through a bottom open base (208) of the mixer (104) into the mixing chamber (102).
3. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixing chamber (102) comprises a first baffle (106) comprising an opening (302) being configured at an inlet of the mixing chamber (102), wherein the mixer (104) is coupled to the first baffle (106) such that the opening (302) of the first baffle (106) is in line with the tangential inlet (204) of the mixer (104).
4. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first baffle (106) comprises a first set of perforations (304) to allow at least a portion of the exhaust gas to enter into the mixing chamber (102).
5. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mixing chamber (102) is configured to mix the ETF mixed exhaust gas discharged from the mixer (104) and the exhaust gas entering into the mixing chamber (102) through the first set of perforations (304) of the first baffle (106).
6. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber (102) comprises a second baffle (108) comprising a second set of perforations (402) being configured at an outlet of the mixing chamber (102), wherein the ETF mixed exhaust gas exits the mixing chamber (102) through the second set of perforations (402).
7. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer (104) comprises a set of louvers (502) and/or a set of slots configured with the inner layers of the mixer (104).
8. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer assembly (100) comprises an injector configured to inject the ETF into the internal space of the mixer (104) through an open-top end (206) of the mixer (104).
9. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer assembly (100) comprises:
an upstream duct fluidically coupled to the inlet of the mixing chamber (102) and configured to facilitate the flow of the exhaust gas into the mixing chamber (102); and
a downstream duct fluidically coupled to an outlet of the mixing chamber (102) and configured to collect and discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas to SCR substrate.
10. The mixer assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixer assembly (100) is adapted to be configured with the exhaust treatment system associated with any vehicle, a diesel-powered electrical generator, a local exhaust ventilation, and a contaminant ventilated enclosure.
, Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of exhaust treatment systems, and more particularly the present disclosure relates to a compact, efficient, and easy to be manufactured mixer assembly with improved mixing performance for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, and the likes, which efficiently mixes an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, and restricts urea deposition within the mixer and improves NH3 mixing.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Exhaust treatment systems (systems) are employed in vehicles, diesel power generators, and industries to reduce or neutralize harmful pollutants present in exhaust gases before releasing the exhaust gas into the atmosphere. To minimize emissions and neutralize contaminants, the system routes the generated exhaust gases through various components and processes. An injector sprays a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) or reducing reagents such as urea or urea water solution, upstream of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Furthermore, before reaching the SCR catalyst, a mixer or mixer assembly mixes the DEF into the exhaust gas stream to convert the urea into ammonia, which helps neutralize the harmful pollutants from the exhaust gases.
[0004] A mixing chamber configured in a conduit connects the vehicle's exhaust to the SCR catalyst in existing mixers used in car exhaust treatment systems. The mixing chamber also has an injector, which allows the DEF to be sprayed into the stream of the exhaust gas flowing through the chamber. Fine droplets of DEF combined with exhaust gas must be consistently dispersed over the SCR catalyst for successful exhaust gas treatment. However, mixer assemblies of conventional treatment systems just spray the DEF over the stream of exhaust gases, failing to adequately mix and evaporate the DEF.
[0005] To increase the mixing period of the DEF with the exhaust gas within the housing, baffles with apertures are installed to the front and back edges of the housing in existing mixers. The baffles, on the other hand, increase the backpressure in the mixer, causing DEF deposition within the mixing chamber, as well as DEF impingement on the front baffle. Although such mixers improve DEF mixing with exhaust gases, they still fail to efficiently evaporate the DEF and distribute the DEF mixed exhaust (NH3 rich exhaust gas) uniformly over the SCR substrate. Besides, it has been observed that a liquid film of DEF is formed inside the existing mixers due to the direct impact of DEF on the internal surface of existing mixers, which is a sign of urea deposition within the mixer. Thus, the risk of urea deposition and inhibition of NH3 mixing is high in existing mixers. Furthermore, the existing mixers are huge, making it difficult to configure them efficiently with vehicle exhaust.
[0006] In addition, the existing mixers are not compatible with existing exhaust systems having different architectures such as in-line, side inlet, parallel substrate, and compact box exhaust systems. The majority of mixers cannot be used in both local exhaust ventilation and contaminant ventilated enclosures. Further, the existing mixers have a complex structure and involve different types of materials and components for manufacturing, making them costly and difficult to be manufactured and serviced.
[0007] There is, therefore, a need to overcome the above drawback, limitations, and shortcomings associated with existing mixer assemblies and provide a compact, efficient, and easy to be manufactured mixer assembly with improved mixing performance for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, which efficiently mixes an exhaust treating fluid or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, and restricts urea deposition within the mixer and improves NH3 mixing.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0008] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0009] It is an objective of the present disclosure to uniformly mix an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) or pollutant neutralizing fluid with exhaust gas.
[0010] It is an objective of the present disclosure to restrict urea deposition within the mixer and improve NH3 mixing.
[0011] It is an objective of the present disclosure to reduce backpressure and SCR deposits in a mixer assembly of an exhaust treatment system.
[0012] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide a spiral cone-shaped mixer that is capable of creating an axial vortex to facilitate efficient mixing of exhaust and ETF.
[0013] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide a spiral cone-shaped mixer that restricts urea deposition within the mixer, and improves NH3 mixing.
[0014] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system, which uniformly mixes an exhaust treating fluid or pollutant neutralizing fluid such as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, restricts urea deposition within the mixer, and improves NH3 mixing.
[0015] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system, which is compatible with both local exhaust ventilation and contaminant ventilated enclosure and can be used with different architectures such as in-line, side inlet, parallel substrate, and compact box exhaust systems.
[0016] It is an objective of the present disclosure to provide a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, which is compact, efficient, cost-effective, and easy-to-be-manufactured.

SUMMARY
[0017] The present disclosure relates to a compact, efficient, and easy to be manufactured mixer assembly with improved mixing performance for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, and the likes, which efficiently mixes an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, and restricts urea deposition within the mixer and improves NH3 mixing.
[0018] An aspect of the present disclosure pertains to a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system. The mixer assembly may comprise a mixing chamber configured in an exhaust line (along flow of the exhaust gas) of the exhaust treatment system, where an upstream duct is connected to an inlet of the mixing chamber to supply the exhaust stream into the mixing chamber for mixing of exhaust gas with exhaust treating fluid (ETF), and a downstream duct is connected to an outlet of the mixing chamber to collect and discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas to an SCR substrate.
[0019] The mixer assembly may comprise a spiral cone-shaped mixer configured within the mixing chamber and oriented perpendicular to the exhaust line. The spiral cone-shaped mixer may be defined by a sheet rolled spirally about an axis of revolution with the surface of the sheet inclined at an acute angle with the axis of revolution such that a predefined gap is maintained between adjacent layers of the rolled sheet, and a tangential inlet, an open top vertex end, and an open base is created in the axial vortex cone.
[0020] The mixer is configured to receive, into an internal space of the mixer, the exhaust gas flowing along the exhaust line through the tangential inlet, and the ETF through the open top vertex of the mixer, creating an axial vortex flow of the received exhaust gas and the ETF to facilitate mixing and/or vaporization of the exhaust gas and the ETF. An injector may be configured with the mixer to inject the ETF into the internal space of the mixer through the open top vertex of the mixer. The mixer may then discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas axially through the bottom open base of the mixer into the mixing chamber.
[0021] In an aspect, the mixing chamber may comprise a first baffle (inlet baffle) comprising an opening being configured at the inlet of the mixing chamber. Further, the mixer may be coupled to the inlet baffle such that the opening of the inlet baffle is in line with the tangential inlet of the mixer to allow the flow of the exhaust gas into the internal space of the mixer through the opening of the inlet baffle and the tangential inlet of the mixer. Further, the inlet baffle may comprise a first set of perforations to allow at least a portion of the exhaust gas to enter into the mixing chamber. The exhaust gas may directly enter into the mixing chamber through the first perforations of the baffle, and via the mixer. The mixing chamber may be configured to further mix the ETF mixed exhaust gas discharged from the axial vortex cone-shaped mixer and the exhaust gas entering into the mixing chamber through the first perforations of the first baffle.
[0022] The mixing chamber may comprise a second baffle (outlet baffle) comprising a second set of perforations being configured at the outlet of the mixing chamber. The ETF mixed exhaust gas may exit the mixing chamber through the second perforations of the outlet baffle.
[0023] In an aspect, the spiral cone-shaped mixer may comprise a set of louvers and/or a set of slots configured with the inner layers of the mixer to enhance the vortex flow of exhaust gas and ETF and to reduce the backpressure.
[0024] When exhaust gas enters the spiral cone-shaped mixer, the mixer due to its unique shape develops an axial vortex flow, and when ETF such as DEF is injected into the mixer from the top, the created axial vortex efficiently mixes the exhaust gas and DEF and spreads or distributes the DEF droplets across the internal surface area of the mixer, which reduces the chances of direct spray impact of the urea on the internal surface of the mixer. Since the DEF spray droplets are spread across the internal surface area of the mixer, as a result, the local liquid film formation of DEF is reduced within the mixer, thereby reducing the ammonia deposit risks and improving NH3 mixing.
[0025] The unique, compact, and efficient design of the spiral cone-shaped mixer enables it to be configured with the exhaust treatment system associated with any vehicle, a diesel-powered electrical generator, local exhaust ventilation, and contaminant ventilated enclosure, but not limited to the likes. Further, the use of a single material and component (sheet) for the mixer makes it easy to be manufactured and configured within the mixer assembly.
[0026] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure.
[0028] In the figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary view of the proposed mixer assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate exemplary views of the spiral cone-shaped mixer of the proposed mixer assembly of FIG. 1 being coupled to the first baffle.
[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary view of the first baffle (inlet baffle) of the proposed mixer assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary view of the second baffle (outlet baffle) of the proposed mixer assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIGs. 5A to 5D illustrates exemplary views of the mixer being coupled to the first baffle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
[0034] FIGs. 6A to 6C illustrate computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Moderate CCM+ Film Modelling deposit risk study of the proposed spiral cone-shaped mixer to understand the liquid film formation inside the mixer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0036] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0037] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a compact, efficient, and easy to be manufactured mixer assembly with improved mixing performance for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, which efficiently mixes an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, and restricts urea deposition within the mixer and improves NH3 mixing.
[0038] According to an aspect, the present disclosure elaborates upon a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system. The mixer assembly can include a spiral cone-shaped mixer configured within a mixing chamber of the exhaust treatment system and oriented perpendicular to an exhaust line of the exhaust treatment system. The spiral cone-shaped mixer can be defined by a sheet rolled spirally about an axis of revolution with the surface of the sheet inclined at an acute angle with the axis of revolution such that a predefined gap is maintained between adjacent layers of the rolled sheet, and a tangential inlet is formed. The mixer can be configured to receive, into an internal space of the mixer, exhaust gas flowing along the exhaust line through the tangential inlet, and an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) through an open top end of the mixer, creating an axial vortex flow of the received exhaust gas and the ETF to facilitate mixing and/or vaporization of the exhaust gas and the ETF.
[0039] In an embodiment, the mixer can be adapted to discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas axially through a bottom open base of the mixer into the mixing chamber.
[0040] In an embodiment, the mixing chamber can include a first baffle comprising an opening being configured at an inlet of the mixing chamber. The mixer can be coupled to the first baffle such that the opening of the first baffle is in line with the tangential inlet of the mixer.
[0041] In an embodiment, the first baffle can include a first set of perforations to allow at least a portion of the exhaust gas to enter into the mixing chamber.
[0042] In an embodiment, the mixing chamber can be configured to mix the ETF mixed exhaust gas discharged from the mixer and the exhaust gas entering into the mixing chamber through the first set of perforations of the first baffle.
[0043] In an embodiment, the mixing chamber can include a second baffle comprising a second set of perforations being configured at an outlet of the mixing chamber. The ETF mixed exhaust gas can exit the mixing chamber through the second set of perforations.
[0044] In an embodiment, the mixer can include a set of louvers and/or a set of slots configured with the inner layers of the mixer.
[0045] In an embodiment, the mixer assembly can include an injector configured to inject the ETF into the internal space of the mixer through an open top end of the mixer.
[0046] In an embodiment, the mixer assembly can include an upstream duct fluidically coupled to the inlet of the mixing chamber and configured to facilitate the flow of the exhaust gas into the mixing chamber, and a downstream duct fluidically coupled to an outlet of the mixing chamber and configured to collect and discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas to SCR substrate.
[0047] In an embodiment, the mixer assembly can be adapted to be configured with the exhaust treatment system associated with any vehicle, a diesel-powered electrical generator, local exhaust ventilation, and a contaminant ventilated enclosure.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, the proposed mixer assembly 100 (also referred to as assembly 100, herein) can include a mixing chamber 102 configured in an exhaust line (along the flow of the exhaust gas) of an exhaust treatment system. An inlet of the mixing chamber 102 can be fluidically coupled to an upstream duct to supply the exhaust stream into the mixing chamber 102, where the mixing chamber 102 mixes the exhaust gas with an exhaust treating fluid (ETF). Further, a downstream duct can be connected to an outlet of the mixing chamber 102, which helps collect and discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas to a selective catalyst reductions (SCR) substrate 112 of the exhaust treatment system. In an embodiment, the mixer assembly 100 can be adapted to be configured with the exhaust treatment system associated with any vehicle, a diesel-powered electrical generator, local exhaust ventilation, and a contaminant ventilated enclosure.
[0049] In an embodiment, the mixer assembly 100 can include a spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 (also referred to as mixer 104, herein) configured within the mixing chamber 102 and oriented perpendicular to the exhaust line as shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIGs. 2A and 2B, the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 can be defined by a sheet 202 rolled spirally about an axis of revolution A-A’ with the surface of the sheet 202 inclined at an acute angle with the axis of revolution A-A’ such that a predefined gap is maintained between adjacent layers of the rolled sheet 202, and a tangential inlet 204, an open-top vertex 206, and an open base 208 are created in the axial vortex cone 104. The mixer 104 can be configured to receive, into an internal space of the mixer 104, the exhaust gas flowing along the exhaust line through the tangential inlet 204, and the ETF through the open top vertex 206 of the mixer 104, creating an axial vortex flow of the received exhaust gas and the ETF. Further, the ETF/DEF particles can be carried by this axial vortex and break into smaller particles and then vaporizes to facilitate mixing as well as vaporization of the exhaust gas and the ETF. The mixer 104 can then discharge the ETF mixed exhaust gas axially through the bottom open base 208 of the mixer 104 into the mixing chamber 102.
[0050] In an embodiment, an injector (not shown) can be arranged on the mixer 104 and above or over the top open-top vertex 206 of the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 for injecting an ETF or DEF into the internal space of the mixer 104 through the open-top vertex 206 of the mixer 104. Particularly, mounting support can be arranged on the open-top vertex 206 to fix the injector. This arrangement allows a gap in between the mixer 104 and the mounting support.
[0051] In an embodiment, a diesel oxidation catalyst 110 can be configured in the upstream duct to reduce Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from the exhaust gas before discharging the exhaust into the mixing chamber 102.
[0052] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the mixing chamber 102 can include a first baffle 106 (also referred to as inlet baffle 106, herein) including a large opening 302, being configured at the inlet of the mixing chamber 102. Further, referring to FIG. 5A to 5D, the mixer 104 can be coupled to the inlet baffle 106 such that the opening 302 of the inlet baffle 106 is in line with the tangential inlet 204 of the mixer 104 to allow the flow of the exhaust gas into the internal space of the mixer 104 through the opening 302 of the inlet baffle 106 and the tangential inlet 204 of the mixer 104.
[0053] In an embodiment, the inlet baffle 106 can include a first set of perforations 304 (also referred to as first perforations 304, herein) configured below the opening 302 to allow at least a portion of the exhaust gas flowing through the upstream duct to enter into the mixing chamber 102. A first portion of the exhaust gas can enter into mixing chamber 102 through the axial vortex cone-shaped mixer 104 via the opening 302. A second portion (remaining portion) of the exhaust gas can directly enter into mixing chamber 102 through the first perforations 304 of the inlet baffle 106. The mixing chamber 102 can be configured to further mix the ETF mixed exhaust gas discharged from the mixer 104 and the exhaust gas entering into the mixing chamber 102 through the first perforations 304 of the inlet baffle 304.
[0054] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, the mixing chamber 102 can include a second baffle 108 (also referred to as outlet baffle 108, herein) including a second set of perforations 402 (also referred to as second perforations, herein) being configured at the outlet of the mixing chamber 102. The second perforations 402 can be provided at any or a combination of the center of the outlet baffle 108, and circumferential area of the outlet baffle 108. The outlet baffle 108 can allow the ETF mixed exhaust gas to exit the mixing chamber 102 into the downstream duct or SCR substrate 112.
[0055] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 5D, the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 can include a set of louvers 502 and/or a set of slots configured with the inner layers of the mixer 104 to enhance the vortex flow of exhaust gas and ETF, thereby enhancing mixing and/or vaporization of the exhaust gas and the ETF, and also to reduce the backpressure.
[0056] The vortex of the ETF mixed exhaust gas which was created at the first side (in the mixer 104) of the mixing chamber 102 can mix with the exhaust entering through the first perforations 304 of the inlet baffle 106, creating a swirl of the exhaust gas and ETF at the first side of the mixing chamber 102, which go to the second side (towards outlet baffle 108) of the mixing chamber 102. The second perforations 402 of the outlet baffle 108 can further vaporize the particles of the ETF and also facilitate uniform spreading of the ETF mixed exhaust gas over the SCR substrate 112 associated with the exhaust treatment system. Furthermore, the second perforations 402 provided at the central portion of the outlet baffle 108 can prevent the creation of catalyst cold spots at the center of the swirl of ETF mixed exhaust gas within the mixing chamber 102.
[0057] Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the creation of the vortex flow within the internal space of the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 helps the ETF particles (or DEF) to have a longer path for the breakup and mixing, thereby reducing backpressure and efficiently mixing the ETF with the exhaust gas and uniformly distributes the EFT/DEF mixed exhaust (NH3 rich exhaust gas) over the SCR substrate 112. In addition, the second perforations 402 at the central portion of the outlet baffle 108 also prevent the creation of catalyst cold spots within the mixing chamber 102.
[0058] In another aspect, the unique, compact, and efficient design of the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 is compatible with other existing exhaust systems such as local exhaust ventilation, and a contaminant ventilated enclosure, and also allows the proposed assembly 100 to be used with different architectures such as in-line, side inlet, parallel substrate, and compact box exhaust systems, but not limited to the likes. In such implementation, the injector can inject an exhaust treating fluid (ETF) or pollutant neutralizing fluid specific to certain pollutants to be neutralized, in the mixing chamber 102, and can allow the mixer 104 to create the axial vortex and uniformly mix the fluid with the stream of exhaust gas. This can allow the fluid to efficiently interact with the exhaust gas for a sufficient time and neutralize the specific pollutants before being discharged into the atmosphere.
[0059] It is to be further appreciated by a person skilled in the art that when exhaust gas enters the spiral cone-shaped mixer 104, the mixer 104 due to its unique shape develops an axial vortex flow, and when ETF such as DEF is injected into the mixer 104 from the top, the created axial vortex efficiently mixes the exhaust gas and DEF and spreads or distributes the DEF droplets across the internal surface area of the mixer 104, which reduces the chances of direct spray impact of the urea on the internal surface of the mixer 104. Since the DEF spray droplets are spread across the internal surface area of the mixer 104, as a result, the local liquid film formation of DEF is reduced within the mixer 104, thereby reducing the ammonia deposit risks and improving NH3 mixing.
[0060] FIGs. 6A to 6C illustrate computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Moderate CCM+ Film Modelling deposit risk study of the proposed spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 to understand the liquid film formation inside the mixer 104. The spiral cone-shaped mixer 104 is creating an axial vortex of the exhaust gas ss shown in FIG. 6A. FIG. 6C illustrates CFD Analyses performed on the spiral cone shaped mixer 104 to understand the liquid film formation inside the mixer 104. Further, a negligible amount of liquid film which eventually results in deposit formation is created inside the mixer 104 as shown in FIG. 6C. Furthermore, the spray droplets of the ETF are uniformly spread throughout the mixer 104 as shown in FIG. 6C.
[0061] Besides, the use of a single material and component (sheet) for the mixer 104 makes it easy to be manufactured, serviced, and configured within the mixer assembly 100.
[0062] Moreover, in interpreting the specification, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C ….and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.
[0063] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0064] The proposed invention uniformly mixes an exhaust treating fluid or pollutant neutralizing fluid with exhaust gas.
[0065] The proposed invention restricts urea deposition within the mixer and improves NH3 mixing.
[0066] The proposed invention reduces backpressure and SCR deposits in a mixer assembly of an exhaust treatment system.
[0067] The proposed invention provides a spiral cone-shaped mixer that is capable of creating an axial vortex to facilitate efficient mixing of exhaust and ETF, which restricts urea deposition within the mixer, and improves NH3 mixing
[0068] The proposed invention provides a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system, which uniformly mixes an exhaust treating fluid or pollutant neutralizing fluid such as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust gas, restricts urea deposition within the mixer, and improves NH3 mixing.
[0069] The proposed invention provides a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system, which is compatible with both local exhaust ventilation and contaminant ventilated enclosure and can be used with different architectures such as in-line, side inlet, parallel substrate, and compact box exhaust systems.
[0070] The proposed invention provides a mixer assembly for an exhaust treatment system of a vehicle and/or a diesel power generator, which is compact, efficient, cost-effective, and easy-to-be-manufactured.