MOLD-TOOL ASSEMBLY INCLUDING HEATER HAVING RESISTIVE ELEMENT
ENCASED IN ALUMINUM NITRIDE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The subject matter generally relates to (and is not limited to) a mold-tool assembly,
comprising: a heater providing, in use, heat to, at least a portion of, a component, the
heater having a resistive element being encased, at least in part, in aluminum nitride.
BACKGROUND
The first man-made plastic was invented in Britain in 1851 by Alexander PARKES. He
publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 International Exhibition in London, calling the material
Parkesine. Derived from cellulose, Parkesine could be heated, molded, and retain its shape
when cooled. It was expensive to produce, prone to cracking, and highly flammable. In
1868, American inventor John Wesley HYATT developed a plastic material he named
Celluloid, improving on PARKES' concept so that it could be processed into finished form.
HYATT patented the first injection molding machine in 1872. It worked like a large
hypodermic needle, using a plunger to inject plastic through a heated cylinder into a mold.
The industry expanded rapidly in the 1940s because World War I I created a huge demand
for inexpensive, mass-produced products. In 1946, American inventor James Watson
HENDRY built the first screw injection machine. This machine also allowed material to be
mixed before injection, so that colored or recycled plastic could be added to virgin material
and mixed thoroughly before being injected. In the 1970s, HENDRY went on to develop the
first gas-assisted injection molding process.
Injection molding machines consist of a material hopper, an injection ram or screw-type
plunger, and a heating unit. They are also known as presses, they hold the molds in which
the components are shaped. Presses are rated by tonnage, which expresses the amount of
clamping force that the machine can exert. This force keeps the mold closed during the
injection process. Tonnage can vary from less than five tons to 6000 tons, with the higher
figures used in comparatively few manufacturing operations. The amount of total clamp
force is determined by the projected area of the part being molded. This projected area is
multiplied by a clamp force of from two to eight tons for each square inch of the projected
areas. As a rule of thumb, four or five tons per square inch can be used for most products.
If the plastic material is very stiff, more injection pressure may be needed to fill the mold,
thus more clamp tonnage to hold the mold closed. The required force can also be
determined by the material used and the size of the part, larger parts require higher
clamping force. With Injection Molding, granular plastic is fed by gravity from a hopper into
a heated barrel. As the granules are slowly moved forward by a screw-type plunger, the
plastic is forced into a heated chamber, where it is melted. As the plunger advances, the
melted plastic is forced through a nozzle that rests against the mold, allowing it to enter the
mold cavity through a gate and runner system. The mold remains cold so the plastic
solidifies almost as soon as the mold is filled . Mold assembly or die are terms used to
describe the tooling used to produce plastic parts in molding. The mold assembly is used in
mass production where thousands of parts are produced. Molds are typically constructed
from hardened steel, etc. Hot-runner systems are used in molding systems, along with mold
assemblies, for the manufacture of plastic articles. Usually, hot-runners systems and mold
assemblies are treated as tools that may be sold and supplied separately from molding
systems.
SUMMARY
The inventors have researched a problem associated with known molding systems that
inadvertently manufacture bad-quality molded articles or parts. After much study, the
inventors believe they have arrived at an understanding of the problem and its solution,
which are stated below, and the inventors believe this understanding is not known to the
public.
Nozzle tips are difficult to heat directly and precisely due to size, space, and lead wire
constraints. When typical oxide insulated ni-chrome wire based heaters are utilized , the
heat must be conducted to the tip through the various materials comprising the nozzle
system . Ni-chrome wire is also known as nickel-chromium resistance wire. This
arrangement puts disadvantageous limitations on geometries and configurations of the
heaters.
According to one aspect, there is provided a mold-tool assembly, comprising: a component;
and a heater providing, in use, heat to, at least a portion of, the component, the heater
having a resistive element being encased, at least in part, in aluminum nitride.
Other aspects and features of the non-limiting embodiments will now become apparent to
those skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description of the non-limiting
embodiments with the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The non-limiting embodiments will be more fully appreciated by reference to the following
detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments when taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a schematic representation of a mold-tool assembly (100); and
FIG. 2 depicts another schematic representation of the mold-tool assembly (100).
The drawings are not necessarily to scale and may be illustrated by phantom lines,
diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details not
necessary for an understanding of the embodiments (and/or details that render other details
difficult to perceive) may have been omitted.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NON-LIMITING EMBODIMENT(S)
FIG. 1 depicts the mold-tool assembly (100). The mold-tool assembly (100) may include
components that are known to persons skilled in the art, and these known components will
not be described here; these known components are described, at least in part, in the
following reference books (for example): (i) "Injection Molding Handbook ' authored by
OSSWALD/TURNG/G RAMANN (ISBN: 3-446-21 669-2), (ii) "Injection Molding Handbook '
authored by ROSATO AND ROSATO (ISBN: 0-41 2-99381 -3), (iii) "Injection Molding
Systems" 3rd Edition authored by JOHANNABER (ISBN 3-446-1 7733-7) and/or (iv) "Runner
and Gating Design Handbook ' authored by BEAUMONT (ISBN 1-446-22672-9). It will be
appreciated that for the purposes of this document, the phrase "includes (and is not limited
to)" is equivalent to the word "comprising". The word "comprising" is a transitional phrase or
word that links the preamble of a patent claim to the specific elements set forth in the
claims which define what the present invention itself actually is. The transitional phrase acts
as a limitation on the claim, indicating whether a similar device, method, or composition
infringes the patent if the accused device (etc) contains more or fewer elements than the
claim in the patent. The word "comprising" is to be treated as an open transition, which is
the broadest form of transition, as it does not limit the preamble to whatever elements are
identified in the claim.
The mold-tool assembly (100) uses a small compact high wattage heater to heat an
injection molding nozzle tip (or a nozzle tip). The heater is made of a resistive element
encased in aluminum nitride. Aluminum nitride has the advantage of being dense, has good
dielectric properties, good thermal conductivity, and high temperature resistance. The
combination of high wattage and small size allow this heater to be placed in close
proximate (near) to the nozzle tip so as to permit or allow more direct heating and increased
control of the actual nozzle tip. In one option, the heater may be placed proximate to the
nozzle tip, so that the heater provides direct heat to the nozzle tip. The construction method
and materials may also provide for a moisture-sealed heater. This configuration may be
used in hot runner nozzles, edge gate nozzles, and side gate nozzles. The heater may have
a variety of geometric configurations, including (and not limited to): flat, cylindrical, or
conical. Portions of the heater may define the melt channel passageways if so desired.
FIG. 1 depicts an example configuration of the mold-tool assembly (100), such as a side
gating style hot runner. Many other implementation configurations are possible. The moldtool
assembly (100) includes (and is not limited to): (i) a component, and (ii) a heater (102)
configured to heat, at least a portion of, the component (also known as a part or structural
element, etc). It is understood that the heater (102) provides, in use, heat to, at least a
portion of, the component. The heater has a resistive element that is encased, at least in
part, in aluminum nitride. The component may include a nozzle tip. The component may
include or may define a melt channel that is configured to contain a plastic resin, and the
heater is configured to provide (in use) heat to, at least a portion of, the plastic resin. The
melt channel contains, in use, the plastic resin. The heater may be placed proximity to the
nozzle tip, whereby the heater thus so placed allows more direct heating and increased
heating control of the nozzle tip. The heater may define, at least in part, a melt channel.
According to an example the heater may define, at least in part, a gate orifice (not
depicted). According to another example, the heater may define, at least in part, a molding
surface (not depicted).
FIG. 2 depicts another example of the mold-tool assembly (100) having an aluminum nitride
encased resistive heating element. FIG. 2 depicts a section through both the injection
molding nozzle with heater, and the injection molding nozzle tip without heater
It is understood that the scope of the present invention is limited to the scope provided by
the independent claims, and it is also understood that the scope of the present invention is
not limited to: (i) the dependent claims, (ii) the detailed description of the non-limiting
embodiments, (iii) the summary, (iv) the abstract, and/or (v) description provided outside of
this document (that is, outside of the instant application as filed, as prosecuted, and/or as
granted). It is understood, for the purposes of this document, the phrase "includes (and is
not limited to)" is equivalent to the word "comprising". The word "comprising" is a transitional
phrase or word that links the preamble of a patent claim to the specific elements set forth in
the claim which define what the invention itself actually is. The transitional phrase acts as a
limitation on the claim, indicating whether a similar device, method, or composition infringes
the patent if the accused device (etc) contains more or fewer elements than the claim in the
patent. The word "comprising" is to be treated as an open transition, which is the broadest
form of transition, as it does not limit the preamble to whatever elements are identified in
the claim. It is noted that the foregoing has outlined the non-limiting embodiments. Thus,
although the description is made for particular non-limiting embodiments, the scope of the
present invention is suitable and applicable to other arrangements and applications.
Modifications to the non-limiting embodiments can be effected without departing from the
scope of the independent claims. It is understood that the non-limiting embodiments are
merely illustrative.
CLAIMS
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A mold-tool assembly (100), comprising:
a component; and
a heater (102) providing, in use, heat to, at least a portion of, the component,
the heater having a resistive element being encased, at least in part, in aluminum
nitride.
2. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein:
the component includes a nozzle tip.
3. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 2, wherein:
the heater (102) provides direct heat to the nozzle tip.
4. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein:
the heater (102) defines, at least in part, a melt channel.
5. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein:
the heater (102) defines, at least in part, a gate orifice.
6. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein:
the heater (102) defines, at least in part, a molding surface.
7. The mold-tool assembly (100) of claim 1, wherein:
the component includes:
a melt channel containing, in use, a plastic resin, and the heater (102)
provides, in use, heat to, at least a portion of, the plastic resin.