Specification
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a molded article, and a molded article.
Background technique
[0002] In recent years, motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, building materials, in areas such as consumer electronics products, to answer to the needs of users, has come to design is regarded as important. Therefore, in particular, the shape of the exterior member tends to be complicated. However, a molded article of complicated shape from a metal plate, it is necessary to provide a large strain on the metal plate, tends to occur fine irregularities on the surface of the molded article of the follow increased processing amount, rough and it is there is a problem that detract from the aesthetic appearance.
[0003]
For example, Patent Document 1, it is disclosed about the stripes parallel to irregularities and rolling direction exits (ridging). Specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses the following. Molding controls the average Taylor factor when regarded as a plane strain deformation as a main strain direction rolling width direction, an aluminum alloy rolled plate for good molding of the ridging resistance. Mean Taylor factor calculated from all crystal orientations present in the texture is greatly related to the anti-ridging property. By the value of the average Taylor factors to control the texture to meet specific conditions, can reliably and to stably improve the anti-ridging property.
[0004]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 5683193
Summary of the Invention
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
[0005]
However, in Patent Document 1, in molding the metal plate uniaxial tensile deformation of the rolling width direction as the main strain direction, only it has been shown to suppress the ridging. Then, deep drawing, stretch forming or the like, no consideration is for molding the metal plate plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation.
[0006]
On the other hand, deep drawing, stretch forming or the like, even in molding the metal plate plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, are required to manufacture the recent moldings of complex shape. However, that when molding a metal plate with a large processing amount (processing amount as a sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more of the metal plate), irregularities on the surface of the molded article develops, impairing the aesthetics of appearance becomes rough at present, a problem has occurred. Similarly, at present, in molding the metal plate only plane strain tensile deformation, similar problems arise.
From the above reasons, for example, the products of the outer plate of the conventional automobile, is produced by limiting the amount of strain applied to the product surface processing amount to be sheet thickness reduction rate less than 10% of the metal plate. That is in order to avoid skin irritation occurs, there is a constraint on the processing conditions. However, it has been required a more complex outer plate product shape of the automobile, a method of molding when the metal plate thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more compatible with the rough skin inhibiting is desired.
[0007]
Accordingly, one aspect of the object of the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, the metal plate having the bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or cause the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, and wherein at least the metal plate even when partially subjected to molding to be 30% or less sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more, it is to provide a method for producing a molded article molded article occurrence of skin roughness and excellent suppressed design can be obtained .
Another embodiment of the subject of another present disclosure has a bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or a molded product of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred, molding the maximum thickness of the goods and D1, when the minimum thickness of the molded article was D2, formula: 10 ≦ (D1-D2) / D1 × of 100 ≦ 30 conditions, or the maximum hardness of the molded article and H1, molding when the minimum hardness of the article was H2, formula: 15 ≦ (H1-H2) / H1 even molded article satisfying the condition of × 100 ≦ 40, the molded article generates skin roughness and excellent suppressed designability it is to provide a.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0008]
We, in order to produce a recent moldings having a complicated shape, a large processing amount (processing amount to be sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more of the metal plate) surface texture at the time of molding a metal plate investigated. As a result, the inventors have obtained the following findings. Under plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, the crystal grains are preferentially deformed with crystal orientation within 15 ° of parallel {001} plane on the surface of the metal plate having a bcc structure, unevenness develops. Therefore, the inventors focused attention on the area fraction of crystal grains and the average crystal grain size having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of parallel {001} plane on the surface of the metal plate. As a result, the inventors by the area fraction and the average crystal grain size of these grains, suppress the development of irregularities, it found that molded articles having excellent generation is suppressed design of rough skin can be obtained.
[0009]
Furthermore, we obtained the following findings. Plane strain tensile deformation, or, in a variant under tension plane-strain tensile deformation and twin crystal grains of the non-crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of parallel {111} plane on the surface of the metal plate having a bcc structure priority deformation, unevenness develops. Therefore, the inventors focused attention on the grain area fraction of non-crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of parallel {111} plane on the surface of the metal plate. As a result, the inventors by the area fraction of crystal grains, suppress the development of irregularities, it found that molded article occurred is excellent in design properties is suppressed rough skin can be obtained.
[0010]
Subject matter of the present disclosure are as follows.
[0011]
<1>
has the bcc structure, the surface of the metal plate with respect to satisfy the metal plate below (a) or (b), occurs plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, and wherein at least of said metal plate partially subjected to molding to be 30% or less sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more, a manufacturing method of a molded article to produce a molded article.
(A) the grain of area fraction having a crystal orientation within 15 ° from the {001} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate is 0.20 to 0.35.
(B) the parallel to the surface of the metal plate from the {001} plane of the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.45 or less, and average crystal grain size is 15μm or less.
<2>
have the bcc structure, the surface of the metal plate with respect to satisfy the metal plate below (A) or (B), plane strain tensile deformation, or cause the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxially tensile deformation and at least partially subjected to a molding process to be 30% or less sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more, a manufacturing method of a molded article to produce a molded article of the metal plate.
(A) the metal plate crystal grains of the area fraction from the {111} plane parallel to the surface of the non-crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of is 0.25 to 0.55.
(B) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate of the crystal grains other than grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.55 or less, and average crystal grain size of 15μm or less is there.
<3>
The metal plate is a steel plate <1> or manufacturing method of the molded article according to <2>.
<4>
The metal plate is a ferritic steel of the ferrite fraction of 50% or more of the metallic structure <1> to <3> any method for producing a molded article according to one of.
<5>
have the bcc structure, a molded article of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred,
the maximum thickness of the molded article and D1, the minimum thickness of the molded article D2 when the formula: 10 ≦ (D1-D2) / D1 × meets 100 ≦ 30 conditions,
and satisfies moldings below the surface of the molded article (c) or (d).
(C) the crystal grains of the area fraction of the {001} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article having a crystal orientation within 15 ° is 0.20 to 0.35.
(D) from said parallel {001} plane on the surface of the molded article of the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.45 or less, and average crystal grain size is 15μm or less.
<6>
have the bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or a molded product of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred,
the maximum thickness of the molded article and D1, molding when the minimum thickness of the goods and D2, wherein: meet 10 ≦ (D1-D2) / D1 × 100 ≦ 30 conditions,
and satisfying molding below the surface of the molded article (C) or (D) goods.
(C) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article other than the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° crystal grain area fraction is 0.25 to 0.55.
(D) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article other than the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of the crystal grains, the area fraction of 0.55 or less, and average crystal grain size of 15μm or less is there.
<7>
The metal plate is a steel plate <5> or molded article according to <6>.
<8>
the metal plate is a ferritic steel of the ferrite fraction of 50% or more of the metallic structure <5> - molded article according to any one of <7>.
<9>
has the bcc structure, a molded article of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred,
the maximum hardness of the molded article and H1, the minimum hardness of the molded article was H2 when the formula: 15 ≦ (H1-H2) / H1 satisfies the condition × 100 ≦ 40,
and satisfy moldings below the surface of the molded article (c) or (d).
(C) the crystal grains of the area fraction of the {001} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article having a crystal orientation within 15 ° is 0.20 to 0.35.
(D) from said parallel {001} plane on the surface of the molded article of the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.45 or less, and average crystal grain size is 15μm or less.
<10>
has the bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or a molded product of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred,
the maximum hardness of the molded article and H1, moldings when the minimum hardness of the H2, the formula: 15 ≦ (H1-H2) / H1 satisfies the condition × 100 ≦ 40,
and satisfy moldings below the surface of the molded article (C) or (D).
(C) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article other than the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° crystal grain area fraction is 0.25 to 0.55.
(D) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the molded article other than the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of the crystal grains, the area fraction of 0.55 or less, and average crystal grain size of 15μm or less is there.
<11>
the metal plate is a steel plate <9> or molded article according to <10>.
<12>
the metal plate is a ferrite fraction of 50% or more of the steel sheet metal structure <9> - molded article according to any one of <11>.
Effect of the invention
[0012]
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the metal plate having the bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or cause the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, and at least a part of thickness reduction of the metal plate even when subjected to molding comprising 10% to 30% or less, it is possible to provide a manufacturing method of a molded article molded article occurrence of skin roughness and excellent suppressed design can be obtained.
Also, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, having a bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or a molded product of a metal plate having a shape plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation has occurred, molding the maximum thickness of the goods and D1, when the minimum thickness of the molded article was D2, formula: 10 ≦ (D1-D2) / D1 × of 100 ≦ 30 conditions, or, a maximum hardness of the molded article and H1, when the minimum hardness of the molded article was H2, wherein: even 15 ≦ (H1-H2) / H1 molded article satisfying the condition of × 100 ≦ 30, were excellent design occurrence of rough skin is suppressed molded it is possible to provide the goods.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013]
[1] Figure 1 is a surface of a metal plate after the bulge forming test, a diagram was observed using an SEM.
FIG. 2 is, after the bulge forming test, the further electrolysis polished surface of the metal plate, a diagram was observed using an SEM.
[Figure 3A] Figure 3A, the surface of the metal plate development irregularities Tsu small after bulge forming test, a schematic view when analyzed by EBSD method.
[Figure 3B] Figure 3B is a schematic view showing the surface irregularities of the metal plate in the A1-A2 cross-section of Figure 3A.
[Figure 4A] Figure 4A, the surface of the metal plate development irregularities were often after bulge forming test, a schematic view when analyzed by EBSD method.
[Figure 4B] Figure 4B is a schematic view showing the surface irregularities of the metal plate in the B1-B2 cross section of Figure 4A.
[Figure 5A] Figure 5A, the surface of the metal plate development irregularities were often after bulge forming test, a schematic view when analyzed by EBSD method.
[Figure 5B] Figure 5B is a schematic view showing the surface irregularities of the metal plate in the C1-C2 cross-section of Figure 5A.
6 is a schematic view for explaining the definition of "grains from {001} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate having a crystal orientation within 15 °".
[Figure 7A] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a stretch forming process.
[Figure 7B] Figure 7B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a molded article obtained by stretch forming process shown in Figure 7A.
[FIG. 8A] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a diaphragm stretch forming process.
[Figure 8B] Figure 8B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a molded article obtained by squeezing bulging process shown in Figure 8A.
[9] FIG. 9 is a schematic view for explaining a plane-strain tensile deformation, the biaxial tensile deformation, and the uniaxial tensile deformation.
[10] FIG 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for obtaining an average crystal grain size of the {001} crystal grains from the analysis result by the EBSD method.
[11] FIG 11 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the sheet thickness reduction rate in molding and processing hardness.
[12] FIG 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a molded article produced in Example.
[13] FIG 13 is a schematic diagram of observing the steel sheet from the top.
[14] Figure 14, embodiments corresponding moldings No. It is a schematic view showing a second cross-sectional microstructure and surface irregularities.
[15] Figure 15, embodiments corresponding moldings No. 3 sectional microstructure and surface irregularities is a schematic view showing a.
FIG. 16 is a comparative example corresponding moldings No. It is a schematic view showing a first cross-sectional microstructure and surface irregularities.
FIG. 17 is the obtained molded article in the first embodiment, the results of the visual evaluation is a diagram showing the relationship between the {001} an average crystal grain size and grain size of the crystal grains.
[18] Figure 18, embodiments corresponding moldings No. It is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional microstructure and surface irregularities of 102.
[19] Figure 19, embodiments corresponding moldings No. Sectional microstructure and surface irregularities of the 103 is a schematic view showing a.
FIG. 20 is a comparative example corresponding moldings No. It is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional microstructure and surface irregularities of 101.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014]
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrating one embodiment of the present disclosure in detail. Its description will not be repeated the same reference numerals designate like or corresponding parts in FIG.
[0015]
(Molded article production method)
invention have conducted various studies tissue for the metal plate molding. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
[0016]
(1) In a metal plate having a bcc structure, as compared to it is {111} plane of the {001} plane, weak equal biaxial tensile deformation and equal biaxial tensile stress unequal biaxial tensile deformation close to deformation . As compared with it is {111} plane of the {101} plane, weak equal biaxial tensile deformation and equal biaxial tensile stress unequal biaxial tensile deformation close to deformation. Therefore, a large amount of machining (at least a portion is equal to or less than 30% thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more machining amount of the metal plate), metal deep drawing and stretch forming or the like, plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation occurs Doing molding plate, the strain in the crystal grains is concentrated with a crystal orientation of 15 ° from parallel to the surface {001} plane of the metal plate.
[0017]
(2) strain concentrated in the crystal grains having a crystal orientation of 15 ° from parallel to the surface {001} plane of the metal plate, the surface of the metal plate is developed, thereby deteriorating surface properties (i.e. rough skin causes) .
[0018]
(3) When unevenness developed on the surface of the metal plate is connected, further surface properties are deteriorated (i.e. skin roughness occurs remarkably.).
[0019]
(4) crystal orientation near 15 ° to the surface and be crystal grains is too small from the parallel {001} plane with a crystal orientation of 15 °, parallel to the surface of the metal plate {001} plane of the metal plate even local deformation in the grain (e.g., {001} crystal grains having a crystal orientation in the range of 15 ° beyond 30 ° or less with respect to surface) with is dispersed. Therefore, irregularities on the surface of the metal plate is developed.
[0020]
Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface of the metal plate after the bulge forming test. 2, after the bulge forming test, a SEM image of a further electrolytic polished surface of the metal plate. 1 and 2 together, the observation point is a vertex portion of the metal plate that is raised like a mountain by bulge forming test. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, when the bulge forming test on the metal plate, the recess 1 and the recess 2 of about 10 ~ 20 [mu] m were observed.
[0021]
That, when the molded overhanging metal plate, the stress is concentrated on a point on the metal plate. In the portion where stress is concentrated, unevenness develops on the surface of the metal plate. Also, by connecting the irregularities developed further irregularities develop. These causes of skin irritation occurs.
[0022]
Figure 3A ~ FIG. 5A, the surface of the metal plate after the bulge forming test, a schematic view when analyzed by EBSD (Electron BackScattering Diffraction) method. Figure 3A, when a 40mm overhang height by bulge forming (when at least a portion of the metal plate corresponds to the molding to a thickness reduction rate of 25% plate), fewer surface development of unevenness of the metal plate and is a schematic view of the metal plate. FIGS. 4A and 5A, when a 40mm overhang height by bulge forming (when at least a portion of the metal plate corresponds to the molding to a thickness reduction rate of 25% plate), the irregularities on the surface of the metal plate development is a schematic diagram of frequent metal plate.
[0023]
On the other hand, FIG. 3B ~ FIG. 5B is a schematic view showing the surface irregularities of the metal plate in the cross section of FIG. 3A ~ Figure 5A. That is, FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional schematic view showing the surface roughness of the metal plate development unevenness was less in the surface of the metal plate. 4B and 5B are schematic views of a metal plate development irregularities were many on the surface of the metal plate.
[0024]
Here, among the crystal grains in FIG. 3A ~ Figure 5A, the crystal grain 3 in dark gray are crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° from the surface and parallel to {001} plane of the metal plate. Hereinafter, the crystal grains also referred to as "{001} crystal grains." Further, among the crystal grains in FIG. 3A ~ Figure 5A, a thin crystal grains 4 gray color, crystal grains having a crystal orientation close to 15 ° relative to the surface parallel to the {001} plane of the metal plate (for example { 001} is a crystal grain) having a crystal orientation in the range of 15 ° beyond 20 ° or less with respect to plane. Hereinafter referred to the grain as "{001} near the grain".
In FIG. 3B ~ Figure 5B, 31 represents the surface of the metal plate there is {001} crystal grains 3. Further, 41 indicates the surface of the metal plate there is {001} near the crystal grain 4.
[0025]
Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the surface of the metal plate development unevenness was less in the surface of the metal plate is {001} area fraction of crystal grains 3 was 0.20 to 0.35.
[0026]
With reference to FIGS. 4A ~ FIG. 5A and FIG. 4B ~ Figure 5B, the surface of the metal plate development irregularities were many on the surface of the metal plate is {001} or area fraction of crystal grains 3 0.20 less than , or greater than 0.35.
[0027]
This is {001} crystal grains 3, in order to concentrate the strain during stretch forming process. The strain was concentrated in {001} crystal grains 3, to develop surface irregularities of the metal plate. Further {001} high area fraction of crystal grains 3, more likely in contact with each other {001} crystal grains 3, resulting irregularities are easily connected. On the other hand, if {001} area fraction of crystal grains 3 is too low, {001} local deformation is dispersed in the vicinity of the crystal grains 4, to develop surface irregularities of the metal plate.
[0028]
Specifically, {001} if the area fraction of crystal grains 3 is within a proper range, the surface of the metal plate, {001} local deformation in the vicinity grains 4 can not be distributed. Whereby local deformation occurs only at {001} crystal grains 3. Thus, {001}, but a deep recess in the region where the crystal grain 3 is present is formed, a flat portion is secured in the region where the other crystal grain ({001} near the crystal grain 4, etc.) are present (Fig. 3B reference). This is be higher unevenness formation, if the recess is deep fine, it shows that the flat portion is secured.
On the other hand, if {001} area fraction of crystal grains 3 is too low, the surface of the metal plate, local deformation is dispersed in {001} near the crystal grain 4. Thereby {001} Any local deformation {001} near the crystal grain 4 with grain 3. Therefore, a region where a shallow recess is formed is increased, the flat portion is relatively small (see FIG. 4B).
Further, {001} if the area fraction of crystal grains 3 is too high, the surface of the metal plate, {001} crystal grains 3 local deformation occurs, the area becomes large shallow recesses are formed, less flat section (Figure 5B).
[0029]
Therefore, {001} be an area fraction is too high grain 3, is too low, and uneven development of the surface of the steel sheet, resulting irregularities are easily connected, irregularities by connecting further development.
[0030]
Therefore, we have considered the following things. When subjected to molding the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, {001} percentage of crystal grains 3 by a predetermined range, the development of unevenness of the surface of the metal plate that occurs during processing can be suppressed. That is, if the development of irregularities suppression, rough skin can be suppressed impairing the aesthetics of appearance of the molded article.
[0031]
On the other hand, we have considered the following things. {001} if the ratio of the crystal grain 3 is low, is sufficiently small {001} the size of the crystal grain 3 in {001} crystal grains 3, even if unevenness of the surface of the metal plate that occurs during processing develops, metal irregularities developed on the surface of the plate is not conspicuous, less likely to be recognized as a rough impairing the aesthetics of appearance of the molded article.
[0032]
Manufacturing method of the first aspect of the present disclosure of the molded article was completed based on the above findings, have a bcc structure, with respect to satisfy metal plate following (a) or (b) the surface of the metal plate, plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation occurs, and at least a portion of the metal plate is subjected to molding processing to be 30% or less sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more, a molded article production method for producing a molded article .
(A) the grain of area fraction having a crystal orientation within 15 ° from the {001} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate is 0.20 to 0.35.
(B) the parallel to the surface of the metal plate from the {001} plane of the crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.45 or less, and average crystal grain size is 15μm or less.
[0033]
Then, in the manufacturing method of the first aspect of the present disclosure of the molded article, the metal plate having the bcc structure, occurs plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, and at least a part of thickness reduction of the metal plate 10 even when subjected to 30% to become molding or less, a molded article having excellent generation is suppressed design of rough skin can be obtained.
[0034]
Here, the "grain from {001} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate having a crystal orientation within 15 °", as shown in FIG. 6, with respect to {001} plane 3A, one of the metal plate from crystal orientation. 3B on the side was 15 ° inclined at an acute, range up to the other crystal orientation 3C that the side was 15 ° inclined at an acute angle of the metal plate, it means a grain having a crystal orientation. That means the crystal grains having a crystal orientation in a range of angle θ which forms crystal orientation 3B and the crystal orientation. 3C.
[0035]
On the other hand, further, the inventors based on the above findings, studying the structure of the metal plate for molding. Then, we examined the crystal orientation of the crystal grains in unequal biaxial tensile deformation field near the plane strain tensile deformation field and plane strain deformation field, the relationship between the roughening of the molded article. As a result, the inventors have knowledge of the following:. The unequal biaxial tensile deformation field near equal biaxial tensile deformation field and equal biaxial tensile deformation field, and concentrated strain {001} crystal grains 3, preferentially deformed. In contrast, in the unequal biaxial tensile deformation field near the plane strain tensile deformation field and plane strain deformation field, {001} not grain 3 only within 15 ° of parallel {111} plane on the surface of the metal plate crystal grains having a crystal orientation (hereinafter "{111} grain" and also referred to) is also the strain in addition to the grain is concentrated in the preferentially deformed.
[0036]
In other words, we have considered the following things. Plane strain tensile deformation, or when subjected to molding the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, if the proportion of the crystal grains other than {111} crystal grains with a predetermined range, the surface of the metal plate that occurs during processing the unevenness of development can be suppressed. That is, if the development of irregularities suppression, rough skin can be suppressed impairing the aesthetics of appearance of the molded article.
[0037]
In addition, we have considered the following things. {{111} if the ratio of the crystal grains of the non-crystal grain is low, is sufficiently small grain size than {111} crystal grains, even if unevenness of the surface of the metal plate that occurs during processing develops, metal irregularities developed on the surface of the plate is not conspicuous, less likely to be recognized as a rough impairing the aesthetics of appearance of the molded article.
[0038]
Against more second was completed based on the finding of a method of manufacturing the molded article of the present disclosure has a bcc structure, satisfy the metal plate below (A) or (B) in the surface of the metal plate, plane strain tensile deformation, or cause the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation and subjected to at least a part is less than or equal to 30% thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more molding of the metal plate, to produce a molded article manufacturing method of a molded article.
(A) the metal plate crystal grains of the area fraction from the {111} plane parallel to the surface of the non-crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° of is 0.25 to 0.55.
(B) from said {111} plane parallel to the surface of the metal plate of the crystal grains other than grains having a crystal orientation within 15 °, the area fraction of 0.55 or less, and average crystal grain size of 15μm or less is there.
[0039]
Then, in the second production method of a molded article of the present disclosure, the metal plate having the bcc structure, the plane strain tensile deformation, or cause the plane strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation, and at least one metal plate even when the part is subjected to molding processing to be 30% or less sheet thickness reduction ratio of 10% or more, a molded article having excellent generation is suppressed design of rough skin can be obtained.
[0040]
Here, "parallel to the surface of the metal plate {111} crystal grains having a crystal orientation within 15 ° from the plane", with respect to {111} plane, 15 ° at an acute angle on one side of the metal plate from the inclined crystal orientation, the range to the other crystal orientation on the side was 15 ° inclined at an acute angle of the metal plate, it means a grain having a crystal orientation. That means the crystal grains having a crystal orientation in the range of the angle θ that the two crystal orientations are formed.
[0041]
(Molding)
The metal plate, the plane strain tensile deformation, or plane-strain tensile deformation and biaxial tensile deformation molding performed. As the molding, deep drawing, stretch forming, diaphragm bulging, there is a bending. Specifically, the molding, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A, and a method of molding projecting the metal plate 10. In this molding, sandwich the die 11, the edges of the metal plate 10 between the holder 12 drawbead 12A was arranged. Thereby, the surface of the edge of the metal plate 10 by bite into drawbead 12A, a state of fixing the metal plate 10. In this state, the top surface is pressed flat punch 13 to the metal plate 10, is molded projecting the metal plate 10. Here, FIG. 7B an example of a molded article obtained by stretch forming process shown in Figure 7A.
The stretch forming process shown in FIG. 7A, for example, a metal plate 10 (portion to be the side surface of the molded article) located on the side of the punch 10, the plane strain deformation. On the other hand, the metal plate 10 located on the top face of the punch 10 (the top surface of the molded article) is equal biaxial deformation, or relatively unequal biaxial tensile deformation occurs close to equal biaxial deformation.
[0042]
As the molding, for example, as shown in FIG. 8A, and a method of molding projecting squeezing a metal plate 10. In this molding, sandwich the die 11, the edges of the metal plate 10 between the holder 12 drawbead 12A was arranged. Thereby, the surface of the edge of the metal plate 10 by bite into drawbead 12A, a state of fixing the metal plate 10. In this state, the punch 13 in which the top surface protrudes substantially V-shape pressed against the metal plate 10, is molded protruding squeezing metal plate 10. Here, FIG. 8B for example of a molded article obtained by squeezing bulging process shown in Figure 8A.
The squeezing bulging process shown in FIG. 8A, for example, a metal plate 10 (portion to be the side surface of the molded article) located on the side of the punch 10, the plane strain deformation. On the other hand, the metal plate 10 located on the top face of the punch 10 (the top surface of the molded article) is relatively unequal biaxial tensile deformation occurs near the plane strain deformation.
[0043]
Here, as shown in FIG. 9, the plane strain tensile deformation extends in ε1 direction, the ε2 direction is a variant which is not deformed. Further, the biaxial tensile deformation extends in ε1 direction, a deformation elongation also occurs ε2 direction. Specifically, the plane strain tensile deformation, when the biaxial strain each maximum principal strain .epsilon.1 and minimum principal strains .epsilon.2, a variation which is a strain ratio β (= ε2 / ε1) is beta = 0. Biaxial tensile deformation is a strain ratio β (= ε2 / ε1) is 0 <β ≦ 1 and becomes deformed. Incidentally, the strain ratio β (= ε2 / ε1) is that 0 <β <1 become deformed unequal biaxial deformation, strain ratio β (= ε2 / ε1) is beta = 1 deformation equal biaxial deformation it is. Incidentally, the uniaxial tensile deformation extends in .epsilon.1 direction, a deformation shrinkage occurs in .epsilon.2 direction, a strain ratio β (= ε2 / ε1) is -0.5 ≦ β <0 and becomes deformed.
[0044]
However, the scope of the strain ratio β is the theoretical value, for example, calculated from the maximum strain mainly measured from the shape change before and after the steel sheet forming the scribed circles you transferred to the surface of the steel sheet (the front and rear steel plates deformed) and the minimum principal strain is the range of strain ratio β of the modifications are as follows.
· Uniaxial tensile deformation: -0.5
[of molded products]
Each steel slab having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1, was processed under the conditions shown in Table 2, to obtain a steel sheet. Specifically, first, for each billet steels A ~ B shown in Table 1, under the conditions shown in Table 2, the surface straining step, the heating step was carried out hot rolling and cooling steps. The process was used an experimental mill. Then, the cold-rolled steel sheet was cooled to coiling temperature, it was charged into an electric furnace held at a temperature corresponding to the coiling temperature. After held for 30 minutes, then cooled at 20 ° C. / h, simulating the winding process. Furthermore, implementing the cold rolling step at a reduction ratio shown in Table 2, and cold-rolled steel sheet thickness shown in Table 2. For each cold-rolled steel sheet thus obtained was subjected to annealing at a temperature shown in Table 2. There was thus obtained the steel plate 1 to 8. Ferrite fraction of the steel plate 1 to 8 were both 100%.
[0103]
Next, the obtained steel sheet, then subjected to bulging processing, as shown in FIG. 12, a diameter R = 150 mm, height H = 18 mm of the molded article 20 of the top plate portion 20A of the molded article 20, formed dish-shaped molded article of the angle theta = 90 ° C. of the vertical wall portion 20B of the goods 20 No. 1 to 5 and 8 were molded. Further, except for using the height H = 15 mm of the molded article 20, the molded product No. In the same manner as 1 to 5 and 8, the molded product No. 6 to 7 and 9 were molded.
In this molding, sheet thickness reduction rate of steel sheet comprising a top plate section 20A (in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section A of the top plate 20A (center of the top plate portion 20A)) is shown in Table 3 It was carried out in the processing amount as a sheet thickness reduction rate indicated.
[0104]
[Evaluation Method]
for each steel plate obtained, and the molded articles were next measurement test and visual evaluation. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below. Also, it is shown in FIG. 17, the molded article obtained in Example, the results of visual evaluation, {001} the relationship between the average grain size and grain size of the crystal grains.
[0105]
[Test for Measuring the mean grain size]
relative to the steel plate, measurement was carried out testing of the average crystal grain size of the {001} crystal grains. The measurement test was used EBSD method. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of observing the steel sheet from the top. Referring to FIG. 13, in the width direction of the steel sheet, at the center than 1/4 from the end, I chose three of 1mm square measurement region 4 as desired. In each measurement area 4, at the surface of the steel sheet, the crystal grains of a steel plate surface parallel to {001} plane with a crystal orientation within 15 ° ({001} crystal grains 3) was selected.
[0106]
As described above, it was calculated average crystal grain size of the {001} crystal grains 3. Measurements of three in the measurement area 4, was performed on all {001} crystal grains 3. The resulting {001} the arithmetic mean of the grain size of the crystal grains 3, and the average crystal grain size. The average crystal grain size of the {001} crystal grains 3 in the surface of the molded article is also a {001} an average grain size similar to the value of the crystal grain 3 of the steel sheet.
[0107]
[Measurement Test area fraction]
with respect to the steel sheet, measurements were carried out tests of {001} grain surface area fraction. As described above, select a measurement region 4 of a steel plate, using the EBSD method was selected {001} crystal grains 3. In each field, and calculating the area fraction of the {001} crystal grains 3, and the average value was obtained. Note that {001} area fraction of crystal grains 3 of the molded article is also a {001} same value as the area fraction of crystal grains 3 of the steel sheet.
[0108]
[Test for Measuring Mean r Value
relative to the steel plate was measured test average r value. Specifically, with respect to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, 0 °, of 45 ° and 90 ° directions, a plate-like No. 5 test piece (JIS Z 2241 (2011)) was collected. For each specimen were taken and applied strain of 10%. From the grant longitudinal strain, the width and the thickness of the test piece was calculated r value (Lankford value) for each test piece. The arithmetic mean of r value of the three directions of the test piece was defined as the average r value.
[0109]
[Thickness of Measurement Test]
relative to the molded article was subjected to the plate thickness of the measurement test. Specifically, carried out forming simulation by moldings computer has identified sites thickness is maximum and minimum. Thereafter, in each site where the plate thickness measurement of the molded article thickness is maximum and minimum, using the thickness gauge was measured. Thus, the maximum thickness D1, determining the minimum thickness D2. However, the maximum thickness D1 obtains the maximum thickness of the molded article (whole molded article), the minimum thickness D2 is determining the minimum thickness of the evaluation of the molded article.
[0110]
Hardness Measurement Test
against moldings was measured test hardness. Specifically, it carried out forming simulation by moldings computer, identified a site equivalent plastic strain is maximum and minimum. Thereafter, in each site of the molded article thickness maximum and minimum hardness measurements, in accordance with JIS standards (JIS Z 2244), it was measured. Thus, the maximum hardness H1, determining the minimum hardness H2. However, the maximum hardness H1 is determined the maximum hardness of the molded article (whole molded article), the minimum hardness H2, determining the minimum hardness of the evaluation of the molded article.
[0111]
[Unevenness Height Measurement Test]
relative to the molded article was measured test height of unevenness of the surface of the molded article. Specifically, cutting out an evaluation of the molded article, in roughness diameter of contact was measured irregularities in the longitudinal direction. The most prominent part irregularities in order to confirm the crystal orientation, and cut using a processing cross section polisher (Cross section polisher), and analyzed the relationship between the surface layer of the crystal orientation and unevenness.
[0112]
[Visual evaluation]
Originally, performing chemical conversion treatment after electrodeposition painting, as a simple evaluation method, after coating the surface of the uniformly molded article lacquer spray, was visually observed according to the following criteria, the degree of generation of rough We were examined for the sharpness of the evaluation plane with.
Further, as another parameter indicating the relative merits of the surface properties, the values of arithmetic mean waviness Wa measured by Keyence Corp. laser microscope. Measurement conditions, the evaluation length was 0.25 mm 1.25 mm, the cut-off wavelength [lambda] c. Then, to evaluate the profile of wavelengths longer than the cut-off wavelength [lambda] c.
The evaluation criteria are as follows.
A: pattern visually is not confirmed in the evaluation unit surface of the top plate portion of the molded article, which is glossy on the surface (Wa ≦ 0.5μm). More preferably as an automotive outer panel parts, it can also be used as an outer plate part of the luxury car.
B: The pattern visually on the evaluation unit surface of the top plate portion of the molded article is not confirmed, that gloss of the surface is off (0.5μm
[producing moldings]
Next, the steel sheet shown in Table 5 was subjected to overhang working. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 12, a diameter R = 150 mm of the top plate portion 20A of the molded article 20, the height H = 18 mm of the molded article 20, dish angle theta = 90 ° C. of the vertical wall portion 20B of the molded article 20 Jo of the molded product No. The 101 to 105 and 108 were formed. Further, except for using the height H = 15 mm of the molded article 20, the molded product No. In the same manner as 101 to 105 and 108, the molded product No. It was molded from 106 to 107,109,128.
In this molding, sheet thickness reduction rate of steel sheet comprising a top plate section 20A (in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section A of the top plate 20A (center of the top plate portion 20A)) is shown in Table 5 It was carried out in the processing amount as a sheet thickness reduction rate indicated.
[0119]
Further, in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section B of the top plate plate 20A of the molded product 20 (the central portion between the center and the edge of the top plate portion 20A) are molded product No. Sheet thickness reduction ratio of 101 to 109,128 (in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section A of the top plate plate 20A) so that the same as, except for adjusting the height H of the molded article 20, the molded product No. In the same manner as 101 to 109,128, moldings No. The 110 to 118,129 were molded.
[0120]
Further, in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section C of the top plate plate 20A of the molded product 20 (the edge of the top plate portion 20A) are molded product No. Sheet thickness reduction ratio of 101 to 109,128 (in FIG. 12, the thickness reduction rate of the evaluation section A of the top plate plate 20A) so that the same as, except for adjusting the height H of the molded article 20, the molded product No. In the same manner as 101 to 109,128, moldings No. The 119 to 127 and 130 were formed.
[0121]
Here, in the molding of the molded article, in advance to transfer the scribed circle on the surface of the steel sheet that corresponds to the evaluation of the molded article, by measuring the change in shape of the scribed circle shaped longitudinal (front and rear deformation), the maximum principal strain, the measurement of the minimum principal strain. From these values, it was calculated β deformation ratio in the evaluation of the molded article.
[0122]
[Evaluation Method]
Each steel sheet was used, and the obtained each shaped article, 1) {111} other than the crystal grains the crystal grains having an average grain diameter and area fraction, 2) the average r value, 3) the plate measurement test thickness, 4) measurement test of hardness, 5) uneven height measurement test, 6) visual evaluation was carried out according to the first embodiment. The results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6.
[0123]
[table 5]
[0124]
[Table 6]
[0125]
From the above results, Comparative Example corresponding moldings No. Compared to 101,106,109 ~ 110,115,118 ~ 119,124,127, embodiments corresponding moldings No. 102 ~ 105, 107 ~ 108, 111 ~ 114, 116 ~ 117, 120 ~ 123, 125 ~ 126, 128 ~ 130, it can be seen that the rough skin is suppressed is excellent in design property.
Here, examples corresponding moldings No. 102 and 103, the comparative example corresponding moldings No. A schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional microstructure and surface irregularities of the 101, shown in FIGS. 18 to 20. 18 to 20, the cross section of the molded article is a schematic diagram of an analysis by EBSD method. Incidentally, in FIGS. 18 to 20, ND denotes the plate thickness direction, TD denotes a plate width direction.
From comparison of FIGS. 18 to 20, Comparative Examples corresponding moldings No. Compared to 101, examples corresponding moldings No. 102 and 103, unevenness height of the surface of the molded article is low, it can be seen that the rough skin is suppressed is excellent in design property. However, from a comparison of FIGS. 18 and 19, the molded product No. Compared to 102, the molded product No. 103 is a high irregularity height of the surface of the molded article, it is understood that the rough skin is suppressed is excellent in design property. This is because even high unevenness of the surface of the molded article, or equivalent, if the recess is deep fine is because sometimes becomes difficult to recognize as a roughening (molded and the molded article No.106 article No.107 comparison with see also).
Then, from the above results, in the embodiment corresponding moldings, close to equal biaxial tensile deformation field and equal biaxial tensile deformation field unequal biaxial tensile deformation field close to, the plane strain tensile deformation field and the plane strain deformation field until unequal biaxial tensile deformation field, a wide range of deformation field, it can be seen that the roughening of the molded article is suppressed.
[0126]
It has been described embodiments and examples of the present disclosure. However, embodiments and examples described above are merely examples for carrying out the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and examples described above, it can be implemented by changing the embodiments and examples described above without departing from the scope and spirit thereof as appropriate.
[0127]
Incidentally, Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-242460 and Japanese Patent disclosure of Application No. 2016-180635 its entirety is incorporated herein by reference.
All documents described herein, patent applications, and technical standards, each individual publication, patent application, and that the technical specification is incorporated by reference to the same extent as if marked specifically and individually, It incorporated by reference herein.