MONOSACCHARIDE DERIVATIVES
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to monosaccharide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. The compounds disclosed herein can be useful for inhibition and prevention of inflammation and associated pathologies including inflammatory, cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases such as bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, type-I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allograft rejection, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, acne, atherosclerosis, pruritis or allergic rhinitis. Pharmacological compositions containing compounds disclosed herein and the methods of treating diseases such as bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, type-I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allograft rejection, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, acne, atherosclerosis, pruritis or allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory and/or autoimmune disorders, using the compounds are also provided.
Background of the Invention
Inflammation is a key defence mechanism of the body that is activated as a result of tissue injury. The inflammatory process is self containing, however, under certain pathophysiological conditions the inflammatory process tends to perpetuate itself, giving rise to chronic inflammatory diseases like bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis etc.
Although the exact cellular and molecular basis of most chronic inflammatory disease remain unclear, it has become apparent that several inflammatory cells act in concert towards initiation and perpetuation of an inflammatory response by releasing a wide range of chemokines, cytokines, proteolytic enzymes and other bioactive molecules. Mast cells primed by lymphocytes interact with environmental allergens and release mediators like histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes etc (Clin. Exp. Allergy 32, 1682, 2002) to initiate an early inflammatory response. This is followed by a delayed inflammatory response due to release of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha), chemokines and proteolytic enzymes (chymase, tryptase) (Chest U2, 523, 1997; Lancet 350. 59, 1997) that not only bring about tissue damage, but attract other inflammatory cells and initiate tissue fibrosis, and the cycle continues. Eosinophils infiltrate inflamed tissue following allergen-mast cell interaction in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Evidence is emerging that mast cells also interact with bacterial endotoxins leading to generation of cytokines like TNF-alpha, that encourage neutrophil influx into the site of inflammation (Br. J. Pharmacol.123, 31, 1998; Br. J. Pharmacol. 128, 700, 1999; Br. J. Pharmacol. 136, 111, 2002; J. Clin. Invest. 109, 1351, 2002). Involvement of mast cells in the inflammatory response of chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease (New Eng. J. Med. 347, 1040, 2002; Thorax 57, 649, 2002), inflammatory bowel disease (Gut. 45 Suppl. 116, 1999) as well as in rheumatoid arthritis (Science 297, 1626, 2002), pathologies with prominent neutrophilic inflammation, has been proposed.
U.S. Patent 6,329,344 Bl discloses several monosaccharide derivatives said to be useful as cell adhesion inhibitors. It generally relates to substituted pentose and hexose monosaccharide derivatives, which are said to exhibit cell adhesion inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. U.S. Patent 6,590,085 Bl discloses several monosaccharide derivatives described as inhibitors of cell adhesion and cell adhesion mediated pathologies, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. U.S. Patent Application US 2002/0173632 Al discloses furanose and amino furanose compounds reportedly useful for rheumatoid arthritis, immunomodulatory diseases, inflammatory and proliferative diseases. U.S. Patent 5,298,494 discloses derivatives of monosaccharides, which are said to exhibit anti-proliferative and/or anti-inflammatory activity and are useful for treating mammals having inflammatory disorders and/or autoimmune disorders. U.S Patent 4,996,195 discloses derivatives of a-D-glucofuranose and a-D-allofuranose described as useful for treating animals and mammals with inflammatory and/or autoimmune disorders.
WO 93/13117 and U.S. Patent 5,360,792 discloses 5- or 6-deoxy hexose monosaccharides having a saturated nitrogen containing heterocycle described as useful as anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory compounds. WO 94/28910 discloses 5,6-dideoxy-5-amino derivatives of iodose and 6-deoxy-6-amino derivatives of glucose, which reportedly exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity. WO 94/11381 discloses derivatives of pentose monosaccharides described as useful as anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory compounds. U.S. Patent 5,010,058 discloses 1, 2-O-isopropylidene-a-O-glucofuranoside derivatives useful for treating inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. U.S. Patent 4,849,512 discloses 3-acylamino-3-deoxyallose derivatives. U.S. Patent 5,367,062 discloses disubstituted and deoxy disubstituted derivatives of ot-D-lyxofuranosides reportedly having anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity. U.S. Patent 5,360,794 discloses disubstituted derivatives of a-D-mannofuranoside reportedly having anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity. WO 03/029263 discloses 3-deoxy-3-amide derivatives of carbohydrates described as useful as inducers of erythroid cell differentiation. FR 2735130 discloses regiospecific synthesis of new carbamic polyesters.
Summary of the Invention
Monosaccharide derivatives which can be used for the inhibition and prevention of inflammation and associated pathologies, including inflammatory, cancer, cardiovascular and

autoimmune diseases such as bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, type-I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allograft rejection, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, acne, atherosclerosis, pruritis or allergic rhinitis are described herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, enantiomers, diastereomers or N-oxides of these compounds having the same type of activity are also provided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and which may also contain pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, which may be used for the treatment of inflammatory, cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases such as bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, type-I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allograft rejection, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, acne, atherosclerosis, pruritis or allergic rhinitis are provided herein.
Other aspects will be set forth in accompanying description which follows and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learnt by the practice of the invention.
In accordance with one aspect, there are provided compounds having the structure of Formula I
(Figure Remove)

Formula I
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs, metabolites, wherein
RI and R2 can together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRg (wherein Q is O or NH and R6 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group].
RS can be
A) -(CH2)nG wherein n is an integer from 0-5 and G is selected from
1) ORe {wherein R« is selected from

a) acyl (with the proviso that n cannot be 0), and
b) -C(O)NRfRq [wherein Rf and Rq can be independently selected from hydrogen,
hydroxy (with the restriction that both Rf and Rq cannot both be hydroxy), alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)2R7 (wherein R7 is selected
from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,
heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino)]; and Rf and Rqmay also together join to form
a heterocyclyl ring; also, when n is zero, then Rf and Rq cannot be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, cycloalkyl and Rf and Rq together cannot join to form a heterocyclyl ring};
2) -NRjC(=O)ORs (wherein Rj is selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-C6) alkyl, lower (C2-C6)
alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl (with the proviso that
the heteroaryl ring is not linked through a heteroatom), aralkyl (Ci-C4), heteroarylalkyl (Ci-C4),
and heterocyclylalkyl (Cj-C^, and Rs is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
aralkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl);
3) NRjYRu [wherein Rj is the same as defined above and Y is -C(=O), -C(=S) or SO2 and Ru is
selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,
heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; and when n is 0 then Y cannot be -C(=O)];
4) -NRjC(=T)NRtRx (wherein Rt is OH or Rx and T is O, S, -N(CN), -N(NO2), -CH(NO2), Rj is
the same as defined above and Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2R7 wherein
Ry is the same as defined above);
5) heterocyclyl;
6) heteroaryl; and
7) -(C=O)NRaRb (wherein R a and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen, and Ru wherein
Ru is same as defined earlier, also, Ra and Rb together with the nitrogen atom carrying them can
be the N-terminus of an amino acid or di-tetrapeptide or Ra and Rb may together join to form a
heterocyclyl ring).
RS can also be
B) -NRjRm (wherein Rj is the same as defined above and Rm is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl);
C) -O(CH2)wGi [wherein w is an integer from 1-5 and GI is selected from ORe (wherein Re is
the same as defined above), -NRjC(=O)ORs (wherein Rj and Rs are the same as defined above), -

NRjC(=T)NRtRx (wherein Rj, T, Rt and Rx are the same as defined above), -NRjYRu (wherein Y, Ru and Rj are the same as defined above), heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl)];
D) -NRj(CH2)wGi (wherein w, Rj and GI are the same as defined above);
E) -O(CH2)WG2 [wherein w is the same as defined above and G2 is selected from
-C(=O)NRaRb (wherein Ra and Rb are the same as defined above), and -C(=O)ORk (wherein Rk is
H or R6 and Re is the same as defined above); or
F) -NRj(CH2)wG2 (wherein w is as defined above, Rj and G2 are the same as defined above)].
Also, when R3 is ORe then R2 and Re may together join to form a five membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier) and RI is independently selected from
a) -(CH2)tGi (wherein t is an integer from 2-4 and GI are the same as defined above and also
when GI is heterocyclylalkyl group then the said group cannot be 4-(l-pyrrolidinyl)butyl),
b) -(CH2)WG2 (wherein w and G2 are the same as defined above),
c) aryl,
d) aralkyl (with the proviso that aralkyl cannot be phenylpropyl),
e) heteroaryl, and
f) heterocyclyl (wherein the heteroaryl and heterocyclyl rings are not linked through a
heteroatom), and cycloalkyl (with the proviso that cycloalkyl cannot be cyclooctyl).
Rt and R5 can independently be selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-C6) alkyl, lower (C2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (CrC4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and R5 may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier) with the proviso that when R3 is ORe then the acetal must be isopropylidene acetal.
The following definitions apply to terms as used herein:
The term "alkyl" unless otherwise specified, refers to a monoradical branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, n-decyl, tetradecyl, and the like.
Alkyl may further be substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, azido, cyano,

halogen, hydroxy, oxo, thiocarbonyl, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), arylthio, thiol, alkylthio, aryloxy, aminosulfonyl, -NRjC(=O)Ru, -NRtRx, -C(=O)NRaRb, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -N(OH)C(=O)NRXR,, -C(=O)heteroaryl, C(=O)heterocyclyl, -OC(=O)NRXR, (wherein Rj, Ra, Rb, Ru, Rx and R,are the same as defined earlier), nitro, -S(O)mR7 (wherein m is an integer from 0-2 and R7 is the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, all substituents may be further substituted by 1-3 substituents chosen from alkyl, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), -NR,RX, -C(=O)NRaRb, -OC(=O)NRXR,, -N(OH)C(=O)NRxRt, -NHC(=O)NRXR, (wherein Ra, Rb Rx and R, are the same as defined earlier), hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, cyano, and -S(O)mR7 (where R7 and m are the same as defined earlier); or an alkyl group as defined above may also be interrupted by 1-5 atoms of groups independently chosen from oxygen, sulfur and -NRf, where Rf is chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, acyl, aralkyl, -C(=O)OR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), -S(O)2R7 (where R7 is same as defined earlier), -C(=O)NRaRb (wherein Ra, Rb, Rx and Rt are as defined earlier).
The term "alkenyl," unless otherwise specified, refers to a monoradical of a branched or unbranched unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms with cis or trans geometry. In the event that alkenyl is attached to the heteroatom, the double bond cannot be alpha to the heteroatom. Alkenyl groups may further be substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, -NRjC(=O)Ru, -NRXR,, -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(QH)C(=O)NRXR,, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -OC(=O)NRxRt (wherein Rj, Ra, Ru, Rb, Rx and Rt are the same as defined earlier), alkoxycarbonylamino, azido, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, oxo, thiocarbonyl, carboxy, -COORe (wherein R& is the same as defined earlier), arylthio, thiol, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, aminosulfonyl, alkoxyamino, nitro, and S(O)mR7 (wherein R7 and m are the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, all substituents may optionally be further substituted by 1-3 substituents chosen from alkyl, carboxy, -COORe (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, cyano, -NRXR,, -C(=O)NRaRb, -OC(=O)NRxRt (wherein Rx, Ra, Rb and Ry are the same as defined earlier) and -S(O)mR7 (where R7 and m are the same as defined earlier).
The term "alkynyl" unless otherwise specified, refers to a monoradical of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. In the event that alkynyl is attached to the heteroatom, the triple bond cannot be alpha to the heteroatom. Alkynyl groups may further be substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy,

cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, azido, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, oxo, thiocarbonyl, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), arylthio, thiol, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aminosulfonyl, nitro, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, -NRjC(=O)Ru, -NRtRx, -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRxRt, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -OC(=O)NRxRt (wherein Rj, Ra, Rb, Ru, Rx and Rtare the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, all substituents may optionally be further substituted by 1-3 substituents chosen from alkyl, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, -NRtRx, -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRxRt, -NHC(=O)NRxRt (wherein Ra, Rb, Rx and Rt are the same as defined earlier), cyano, and -S(O)mR7 (where R7 and m are the same as defined earlier).
The term "cycloalkyl," refers to cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed rings, which may optionally contain one or more olefmic bonds, unless otherwise constrained by the definition. Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclopentenyl, and the like, or multiple ring structures such as adamantanyl, and bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, or cyclic alkyl groups to which is fused an aryl group, for example indane, and the like. Cycloalkyl groups may further be substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, azido, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, oxo, thiocarbonyl, carboxy, -COORe (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), arylthio, thiol, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aminosulfonyl, -NRjC(=O)Ru, -NRtRx, -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRXR,, -NHC(=O)NRxRt, -OC(=O)NRXR, (wherein Rj? Ra, Rb, Ru, Rx and Rt are the same as defined earlier), nitro, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and -S(O)mR7 (wherein R7 and m are the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, all substituents may optionally be further substituted by 1-3 substituents chosen from alkyl, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, -NRtRx, -C(=0)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRxRt, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -C(=O)NRxRy, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -OC(=O)NRxRy (wherein Ra, Rb, Rx, Rt and Ry are the same as defined earlier), cyano, and -S(O)mR7 (where R7 and m are the same as defined earlier).
The term "alkoxy" denotes the group O-alkyl wherein alkyl is the same as defined above.
The term "aralkyl" refers to alkyl-aryl linked through alkyl (wherein alkyl is the same as defined above) portion and the said alkyl portion contains carbon atoms from 1 -6 and aryl is as defined below. Examples of aralkyl groups include benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl and the like.

The term "aryl" herein refers to a carbocyclic aromatic group, for example phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl ring and the like optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from -(CH2)wC(=O)Rg (wherein w is an integer from 1-4 and Rg is hydroxy), -ORZ (wherein Rz is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl), nitro, -NRxRt, -NHORZ or -NHOH, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, acyl, aryloxy, cyano, nitro, -NRjC(=0)Ru, -NRXR,, -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRXR,, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -S(O)mR7 (wherein R7, Rx, Rt, Ru, Rz and Rt and m are the same as defined earlier), carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl. The aryl group may optionally be fused with cycloalkyl group wherein the cycloalkyl group may optionally contain heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N or S.
The term "aryloxy" denotes the group O-aryl wherein aryl is the same as defined above. The term "carboxy" as defined herein refers to -C(=O)OH.
The term "heteroaryl," unless otherwise specified, refers to an aromatic ring structure containing 5 or 6 atoms, or a bicyclic aromatic group having 8 to 10 atoms, with one or more heteroatom(s) independently selected from N, O and S optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituent(s) selected from halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, acyl, carboxy, -COORe (wherein Re is the same as defined earlier), aryl, alkoxy, aralkyl, cyano, nitro, -NRxRt, -(CH2)wC(=O)Rg (wherein w is an integer from 1-4 and Rg is hydroxy, -ORZ, NRxRt, -NHORZ or -NHOH), -C(=O)NRaRb, -N(OH)C(=O)NRxRt and -NHC(=O)NRXR,, -SO2R7, and -OC(=O)NRxRt (wherein R7, Rz, Rt, Rx, Ra and Rb are the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, the substituents are attached to the ring atom, be it carbon or heteroatom. Examples of heteroaryl groups can include pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, isoxazolyl, triazinyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, and the like.
The term 'heterocyclyl," unless otherwise specified, refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 atoms in which 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the ring are replaced by heteroatoms selected from O, S or N, and are optionally benzofused or fused heteroaryl of 5-6 ring members and/or are optionally substituted wherein the substituents are selected from halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, acyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkaryl, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy, -COOR6 (wherein R6 is the same as defined earlier), -C(=0)NRaRb, -S02R7, -OC(=0)NRXR,, -N(OH)C(=O)NRXR,, -NHC(=O)NRXR,, and -NRXR, (wherein Ra, Rb, R7, Rx and Rt are the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, the substituents are attached to the ring atom, be it carbon or heteroatom. Also

unless otherwise constrained by the definition, the heterocyclyl ring may optionally contain one or more olefinic bond(s). Examples of heterocyclyl groups can include tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, azabicyclohexyl, dihydroindolyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl.
"Heteroarylalkyl" refers to alkyl-heteroaryl group linked through alkyl portion, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are the same as defined earlier.
"Heterocyclylalkyl" refers to alkyl-heterocyclyl group linked through alkyl portion, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl are the same as defined earlier.
"Acyl" refers to -C(=O)R" wherein R" is selected from the group alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl.
"Substituted amino" unless otherwise specified, refers to -N(Rk)2 wherein each Rk is independently selected from hydrogen (provided that both Rk groups are not hydrogen, defined as "amino"), alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, acyl, -S(O)mR7 (wherein m and Ry is the same as defined above), -C(=Rv)NRxRt or -NHC(=Rv)NRtRx (wherein Rv is O or S and Rt and Rx are the same as defined earlier). Unless otherwise constrained by the definition, all substituents may optionally be further substituted by 1-3 substituents chosen from alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, carboxy, -COORe (wherein Re is the same as defined earlier), hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, cyano, -C(=Rv)NRxRt, -O(C=O)NRxRt (wherein Rx, Rt and Rv are the same as defined earlier), -OC(=Rv)NRxRt, and -S(O)mR7, (where R7 is the same as defined above and m is 0, 1 or 2).
The term "leaving group" generally refers to groups that exhibit the properties of being labile under the defined synthetic conditions and also, of being easily removed from synthetic products under defined conditions. Examples of such leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), triflates, tosylate, mesylates, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, hydroxy radicals and the like.
The term "activated derivative of a carboxylic acid," can include, for example, protected amino acids, aliphatic acids or aromatic acids converted to their corresponding acyl halides (e.g., acid fluoride, acid chloride and acid bromide), corresponding activated esters [e.g., nitrophenyl ester, the ester of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole or the ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), acetone oxime, bis-(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate, 2-hydroxypyridine, N-hydroxypthalimide, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrotrifluoroacetate, pentafluorophenol (PFP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,2,2-trifluorophenol, 2,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide (HOTDO),

4,6-diphenylthio[3,4-tf]-l,3-dioxol-2-one-5,5-dioxide, N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-
sulphonate, em/o-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide (HONB)] or mixed anhydrides, for example, anhydride with ethyl chloroformate and other derivatives within the skill of the art.
The term "protecting groups" is used herein to refer to moieties which have the property of preventing specific chemical reaction at a site on the molecule undergoing chemical modification intended to be left unaffected by the particular chemical modification. Also the term protecting group, unless otherwise specified, may be used with groups such as hydroxy, amino and carboxy. Examples of such groups are found in T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y. The species of the carboxylic protecting groups, amino protecting groups or hydroxy protecting group employed are not critical, so long as the derivatised moieties/moiety is/are stable to conditions of subsequent reactions and can be removed without disrupting the remainder of the molecule.
"Amino acid" refers to both natural and unnatural amino acids. The term "natural amino acid," as used herein, is intended to represent the twenty two naturally-occurring amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, cysteine, proline, histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, y-carboxyglutamic acid, arginine, ornithine and lysine in their L form. The term "unnatural amino acid," as used herein, is intended to represent the 'D' form of the twenty two naturally-occurring amino acids described above. It is further understood that the term unnatural amino acid includes homologues of natural amino acids, and synthetically modified form of the natural amino acids commonly utilized by those in the peptide chemistry art when preparing synthetic analogues of naturally occurring peptides, including D and L forms. The synthetically modified forms include amino acids having alkylene chains shortened or lengthened by up to two carbon atoms, amino acids comprising optionally substituted aryl groups, and amino acids comprised halogenated groups preferably halogenated alkyl and aryl groups. The term "unnatural amino acids" as used herein is also intended to represent beta amino acids.
The term "peptide" refers to a molecule comprising amino acids linked through amide linkages. Dipeptide comprises of two amino acids, tripeptide refers to a peptide having three amino acids and tetrapeptide refers to one having four amino acids, wherein the term amino acid is as defined earlier. "LDVP" refers to a tetrapeptide leucyl-aspartyl-valyl-prolyl. "DVP" refers to a tripeptide aspartyl-valyl-prolyl. "VP" refers to a dipeptide valyl-prolyl.
Compounds disclosed herein contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and thus can exist as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual

diastereomers. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included herein. Each stereogenic carbon may be of R or S configuration. Although the specific compounds exemplified in this application may be depicted in a particular stereochemical configuration, compounds having either the opposite stereochemistry at any given chiral center or mixtures thereof are envisioned. Although amino acids and amino acid side chains may be depicted in a particular configuration, both natural and unnatural forms are envisioned.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Compounds disclosed herein may be prepared by techniques well known in the art and familiar to a practitioner of ordinary skill in art. In addition, compounds disclosed herein may be prepared by the processes described herein, these processes are not the only means by which the compounds described may be synthesised. Further, synthetic steps described herein may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds.
(Figure Remove)

Compounds of Formula X can be prepared by Scheme I. Thus, a compound of Formula II (wherein RI, R2, R4 and R5 are the same as defined earlier) can be reacted with a compound of Formula Ha [wherein L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)] to give a compound of Formula III, which can be reacted with sodium azide to form a compound of Formula IV, which can undergo reduction to form a compound of Formula V, which can be reacted with a compound of Formula VI (wherein Ru is the same as defined earlier) or with a compound of Formula Via (wherein X is oxygen or sulphur and Rx is the same as defined earlier) to furnish a compound of Formula VII (wherein W is -(CH2)n or -NH and where fl is an integer from 1-3), which can be hydrolyzed to give a compound of Formula VIII, which can be reacted with a compound of Formula IX (wherein f is an integer from 0-2) to give a compound of Formula X. The compound of Formula VII can be reacted with a compound of Formula Vila (wherein B and BI are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl) to give a compound of Formula Vllb. The compound of Formula VII can undergo thionation to a compound of Formula VIIc.
The reaction of a compound of Formula II with a compound of Formula Ha to form a compound of Formula III can be carried out in the presence of an organic base, such as pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or 2,6-lutidine.
Alternatively, the hydroxyl group in a compound of Formula II can also be converted to a triflyl group with triflic anhydride or to a mesyl group with methanesulphonyl chloride.
The reaction of a compound of Formula III with sodium azide to give a compound of Formula IV can be carried out in an organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dioxane or diethyl ether.
Alternatively, one may also use trimethylsilyl azide or lithium azide in place of sodium azide in the presence of catalytic amount of ammonium chloride.
The reduction of a compound of Formula IV to yield a compound of Formula V can be carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, diethylether or dioxane, with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride or sodium borohydride.
A compound of Formula V can be reacted with a compound of Formula VI to give a compound of Formula VII in the presence of coupling agents such as l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodimide (EDC), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide methyl-p-toluenesulphonate, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide

(DIG), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide, 2-(l-H-benzotriazol-l-yl)-
1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), (benzotriazol-l-yloxy)tris-
(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), propane phosphonic acid anhydride
(T3P), O-(benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), S-(l-
oxido-2-pyridinyl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethylthiouronium tetrafluoroborate (TOTT), N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl-O-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate (TDBTU),
O-(l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridyl]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TPTU), O-
((ethoxycarbonyl) cyanomethylenamino)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
(TOTU), 2-(5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxamido)-l ,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
(TNTU), 2-succinimido-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluroborate (TSTU), chlortripyrrolidino
phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyClop), benzotriazol-1 -yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-
phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), chlorodipyrrolidinocarbenium
hexafluorophosphate (PyClU), benzotriazol-1 -yloxy)dipiperidinocarbenium
hexafluorophosphate (HBPipU) or mixtures thereof in the presence of one or more of additives
or activating agents such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, acetone oxime, 2-hydroxypyridine, N-
hydroxysuccinimide, pentafluorophenol (PFP), bis-(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate, N-
hydroxypthalimide, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrotrifluoroacetate, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,
2,2,2-trifluorophenol, 2,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide
(HOTDO), 4,6-diphenylthio[3,4-d]-l,3-dioxol-2-one-5,5-dioxide, N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulphonate, e«^o-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide(HONB) or mixtures thereof and in the presence of one or more of organic bases, for example, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine oxide, N-ethylmorpholine, 1-methylpiperidine, triethylamine, tribenzylamine, piperidine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4,6-collidine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine, l-diethylamino-2-propanol, 1-ethylpiperidine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine or mixtures thereof, polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetonitrile, l,l,3,3,-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, trifluoroethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether or mixture thereof, halogenated solvents, for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride or chloroform or mixtures thereof.
The reaction of a compound of Formula V with Via to give a compound of Formula VII can be carried out in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.

Alternatively, a compound of Formula VII can also be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula V with an appropriate amine in the presence of reagents such as carbonyldiimidazole (GDI) or with carbamates such as phenyl carbamate or p-nitrophenyl carbamate of an amine. Also, optionally thiocarbonyldiimidazole or an isothiocyanate can be used in place of carbonyldiimidazole or isocyanate, respectively in the reaction.
The hydrolysis of a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIII can be carried out with the reagents, for example aqueous perchloric acid, aqueous acetic acid, aqueous sulphuric acid or Dowex 50W-8X (commercially available) in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, dioxane, acetonitrile or diethyl ether.
The reaction of a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX to give a compound of Formula X can be carried out in an organic solvent, for example toluene, dioxane, xylene or acetonitrile and molecular sieves in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, for example para-toluenesulphonic acid or camphorsulphonic acid.
Th reaction of a compound of Formula VII with a compound of Formula Vila to give a compound of Formula Vllb can be carried out in the presence of a base, for example, triethylamine, pyridine, trimethylamine or diisopropylethylamine in an optional solvent for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform or carbontetrachloride.
The thionation of a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIIc can be carried out in the presence of reagents for example, phosphorous pentasulphide, Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis-(p-methoxy)-l,3-dithiadiphosphetene-2,4-disulphide or Japanese reagent (phenyl phosphorotetrathionate) in an organic solvent for example, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, xylene, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), dimethoxy ethane, benzene, dichloromethane or acetonitrile.
Particular compounds are described below:
1,2 ;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3- [3 -(3 -cyanophenyl)-4-methyl-24hioxo-2,3 -dihydro-1H-imidazol-l-yl]-oc-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 8)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 9)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 10)
1,2 ;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [3 -(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihydro- l//-imidazol-l-yl]-ct-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 11)

l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-(3-phenyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l/7-imidazol-
l-yl)-ct-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 12)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-
l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 13)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-(3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-
D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 14)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(3-cyanophenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 18)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-nitrophenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 19)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 20)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 -[(2-methoxyphenyl)-thiourido] -a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 21)
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters,
enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs, metabolites.



Compounds of Formula X can also be prepared by Scheme II. Thus, a compound of Formula II (wherein RI, R2, R4 and R5 are the same as defined earlier) can be oxidized to form a compound of Formula XI, which can be reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a compound of Formula XII, which can undergo reduction to form a compound of Formula V, which can be reacted with a compound of Formula VI (Ru is the same as defined earlier) or with a compound of Formula Via (wherein X and Rx are the same as defined earlier) to furnish a compound of Formula VII (wherein W is the same as defined earlier), which can be hydrolyzed to give a compound of Formula VIII, which can be reacted with a compound of Formula IX (wherein f is an integer from 0-2) to give a compound of Formula X. The compound of Formula VII can be reacted with a compound of Formula Vila (wherein B and BI are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl) to give a compound of Formula Vllb. The compound of Formula VII can undergo thionation to give a compound of Formula VIIc.
The oxidation of a compound of Formula II to form a compound of Formula XI can be carried out under various conditions. For example, one may use Swern's oxidation utilizing dimethyl sulphoxide and acetic anhydride or oxalyl chloride, optionally in either dimethyl sulphoxide or dichloromethane as solvents. One may also utilize oxidizing agents such as pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, pyridine-sulfurtrioxide or Des-Martin periodinane in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform.
Thus, the oxidation of a compound of Formula II can be carried out utilizing dimethyl sulphoxide and acetic anhydride to furnish a compound of Formula XI.
The reaction of a compound of Formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a compound of Formula XII can be carried out in an organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, propanol or isopropyl alcohol, in the presence of an organic base such as pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
The reduction of a compound of Formula XII to yield a compound of Formula V can be carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, diethylether or dioxane, with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride or sodium borohydride.
A compound of Formula V can be reacted with a compound of Formula VI to give a compound of Formula VII in the presence of coupling agents such as l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodimide (EDC), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide methyl-p-toluenesulphonate, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIG), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide, 2-(l-H-benzotriazol-l-yl)-

1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), (benzotriazol-l-yloxy)tris-
(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), propane phosphonic acid anhydride
(T3P), O-(benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), S-(l-
oxido-2-pyridinyl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethylthiouronium tetrafluoroborate (TOTT), N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl-O-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate (TDBTU),
O-(l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridyl]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TPTU), O-
((ethoxycarbonyl) cyanomethylenamino)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
(TOTU), 2-(5-norbomene-2,3-dicarboxamido)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
(TNTU), 2-succinimido-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluroborate (TSTU), chlortripyrrolidino
phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (PyClop), benzotriazol-1 -yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-
phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), chlorodipyrrolidinocarbenium
hexafluorophosphate (PyClU), benzotriazol-1 -yloxy)dipiperidinocarbenium
hexafluorophosphate (HBPipU) or mixtures thereof in the presence of one or more of additives
or activating agents such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, acetone oxime, 2-hydroxypyridine, N-
hydroxysuccinimide, pentafluorophenol (PFP), bis-(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate, N-
hydroxypthalimide, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrotrifluoroacetate, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,
2,2,2-trifluorophenol, 2,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide
(HOTDO), 4,6-diphenylthio[3,4-d]-l ,3-dioxol-2-one-5,5-dioxide, N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulphonate, era/0-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide (HONB) or mixtures thereof and in the presence of one or more of organic bases, for example, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine oxide, N-ethylmorpholine, 1-methylpiperidine, triethylamine, tribenzylamine, piperidine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4,6-collidine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine, 1-diethylamino-2-propanol, 1-ethylpiperidine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine or mixtures thereof, polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetonitrile, l,l,3,3,-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, trifluoroethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether or mixture thereof, halogenated solvents, for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride or chloroform or mixtures thereof.
The reaction of a compound of Formula V with Via to give a compound of Formula VII can be carried out in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
Alternatively, a compound of Formula VII can also be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula V with an appropriate amine in the presence of reagents such as carbonyldiimidazole

(GDI) or with carbamates such as phenyl carbamate or p-nitrophenyl carbamate of an amine. Also, optionally thiocarbonyldiimidazole or an isothiocyanate can be used in place of carbonyldiimidazole or isocyanate, respectively in the reaction.
The hydrolysis of a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIII can be carried out with the reagents, for example aqueous perchloric acid, aqueous acetic acid, aqueous sulphuric acid or Dowex 50W-8X (commercially available) in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, dioxane or diethyl ether.
The reaction of a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX to give a compound of Formula X can be carried out in an organic solvent, for example toluene, dioxane, xylene or acetonitrile and molecular sieves in the presence of catalytic amount of acid, for example para-toluenesulphonic acid or camphorsulphonic acid.
Th reaction of a compound of Formula VII with a compound of Formula Vila to give a compound of Formula Vllb can be carried out in the presence of a base, for example, triethylamine, pyridine, trimethylamine or diisopropylethylamine in an optional solvent for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
The thionation of a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIIc can be carried out in the presence of reagents for example, phosphorous pentasulphide, Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis-(p-methoxy)-l,3-dithiadiphosphetene-2,4-disulphide or Japanese reagent (phenyl phosphorotetrathionate) in an organic solvent for example, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, xylene, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), dimethoxy ethane, benzene, dichloromethane or acetonitrile.
Particular illustrative compounds prepared following scheme II include:
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 1)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 2)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 3)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 4)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 5)

1,2 ;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 -(3 -phenyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihydro-1 //-imidazol-
l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 6) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-
dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 7)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [(4-fluorophenyl)-thioamido] -a-D-allofuranoside
(Compound No. 15) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-thioamido]-a-D-
allofuranoside (Compound No. 16) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-thioamido]-a-D-allofuranoside
(Compound No. 17) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-fluorohenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-
imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 22)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-fluorohenyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-1-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 23)
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs, metabolites.
Also, in all the above representative examples wherever esters are specified, one skilled in the art could optionally hydrolyze them to their respective acids, for example hydrolysis of alkyl esters (such as ethyl, methyl or benzyl ester) to their corresponding acids can be carried out in the presence of a base, for example, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Alternatively, hydrolysis of benzyl ester can be carried out hydrogenatically using catalysts, for example, palladium on carbon or platinum on carbon or ammonium formate in the presence of palladium on carbon. Esters such as tert-butyl can be hydrolyzed to their corresponding acids in the presence of acid, for example, trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid.
In the above schemes, where specific bases, acids, solvents, condensing agents, coupling agents, hydrolyzing agents, etc., are mentioned, it is to be understood that other acids, bases, solvents, condensing agents, coupling agents, hydrolyzing agents, etc., may also be used. Similarly, the reaction temperature and duration of the reactions may be adjusted according to the requirements that arise during the process.
The examples are provided to illustrate particular aspect of the disclosure and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLES
General Synthesis:
Synthesis of l,2,5.6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-amino-a-D-glucofuranoside
Step a: 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-O-tolyl-a-D-allofuranoside
To a solution of the compound l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-allofuranoside (20 g, 76.92 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 ml) was added pyridine (80 ml) and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (0.200 g, 1.639 mmol) and stirred at 0 °C. To the resulting reaction mixture was added a solution of jpora-toluenesulphonyl chloride (29.33 g, 153.84 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 ml) dropwise at the same temperature under constant stirring. The reaction mixture was subsequently stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by the addition of saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate till basic pH was attained. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was diluted with water under constant stirring. The solid thus obtained was filtered, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound. Yield: 23 g.
Stepb: l,2,5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-azido-a-D-glucofuranoside
To a solution of the compound obtained from step a above (23 g, 55.55 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (150 ml) was added sodium azide (18.05 g, 277.777 mmol) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to 170 °C for 12-15 hours under an argon atmosphere. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography using 5 % ethyl acetate in hexane as eluent to furnish the title compound.
Yield: 18g.
Stepc: 1.2,5.6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-amino-q-D-glucofuranoside
To a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (6.91 g, 182.496 mmol) in dry distilled tetrahydrofuran (150 ml) and cooled to 0 °C was added the compound obtained from step b above (26 g, 91.228 mmol) dropwise under constant stirring at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by the addition of ethyl acetate and saturated solution of sodium sulphate dropwise. The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, extracted with ethyl

acetate, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound. Yield: 17.3 g.
Synthesis of 1.2;5.6-Di-O-isoproDvlidene-3-deoxv-3-amino-a-D-allofuranoside
Step a; l,2:5.6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-oxo-a-D-glucofuranoside
To diacetoneglucose (25 g) (commercially available) was added dry dimethylsulphoxide (100 ml) and acetic anhydride (50 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50-60 °C for 24 hours. Dimethyl sulphoxide was evaporated under reduced pressure and water (2.5 ml) was added with vigorous stirring followed by the addition of ether (10 ml) and hexane (200 ml). The mixture was kept in refrigerator for overnight. The solid thus separated was filtered to obtain the title compound.
Yield: 16g.
Step b: 1.2:5.6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-hydroxvimino-a-D-glucofuranoside
To a compound from step a above (12 g), was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.5 g) pyridine (100 ml) and anhydrous ethanol (100 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for half an hour. The temperature of the reaction was raised to 75 °C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was poured into ice cold water. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate washed with water, brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography using 25% ethyl acetate in hexane as eluant to furnish the title compound. Yield: 8.5 g.
Step c: 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-amino-a-D-allofuranoside
To a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (2.33 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) at 0 °C, was added the compound obtained from step b above (8.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) with constant stirring. After complete addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to attain room temperature and stirred for 8 hours. The excess lithium aluminum hydride was decomposed by the addition of ethyl acetate (100 ml) followed by the addition of water and sodium hydroxide solution (2 ml, 15 %) dropwise at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was filtered off, washed with warm ethyl acetate and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography using 50 % methanol in ethyl acetate as eluant to furnish the title compound. Yield: 7.0 g.

Scheme I;
Example 1: Synthesis of 1.2;5.6-Di-O-isopropvIidene-3-deoxv-3-f(2-nitrophenyl)-
thiouridol-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 19)
To a solution of the compound l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-amino-a-D-glucofuranoside (0.075 g, 0.289 mmol ) in dichloromethane (3 ml) was added triethyl amine (0.096 ml, 0.694 mmol) and 2-nitrophenyl isothiocyanate (0.0626 g, 0.347 mmol) and stirred the reaction mixture at room temperature for 6-7 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was treated with dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography using 20% ethyl acetate in hexane as eluant to furnish the title compound. Yield: 0.0928 g.
'H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz): 6 9.84 (brs, 1H), 8.39-8.41 (m, 1H), 8.13-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.35 (m, 2H), 5.90-5.91 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz), 4.87-4.88 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz), 4.81 (brs, 1H), 4.42-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.26-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.85 (m, 1H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.37(s, 3H), 1.35(s, 6H). Mass (m/z, +ve ion mode): 462 [M++ 23].
Following compounds were prepared similarly:
1,2; 5,6-Di-Q-isopropvlidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [(3 -c vanophenvD-thiourido] -a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 18)
1.2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxv-3-[(2,6-dimethvlphenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 20)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-methoxvphenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside
(Compound No. 21)
Example 2; Synthesis of 1.2;5.6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-f3-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l/y-imidazol-l-yl1-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 9)
To a solution of the compound l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-nitrophenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside (disclosed in our co-pending Indian patent application No. 875/DEL/2006) (0.300 g, 0.683 mmol) in dry acetone (5 ml) was added triethylamine (0.09 ml, 0.700 mmol) and a solution of bromine (0.036 ml) in acetone (10 ml) dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred at room temperature till the completion of reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue thus

obtained was purified by preparative TLC using 50 % ethyl acetate and hexane as eluant to furnish the title compound. Yield: 0.200 g.
'H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz): 8 7.85-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.98-7.00 (m, 1H), 5.94-5.95 (d, 1H, J = 4.0 Hz), 5.33-5.34 (d, 2H, J = 4.0 Hz), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.23 (m, 3H), 4.12-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.23 (m, 1H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.27-1.54 (m, 12H). Mass (m/z, +ve ion mode): 478 [M++l].
Following compounds were prepared similarly by reacting appropriate thiourido compound with
the compound of Formula Vllb, respectively, as applicable in each case:
1.2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [3-(3 -c yanophenvl)-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihvdro-1H-
imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 8)
l,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(4-fluorophenvn-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-
imidazol-l-vl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 10)
1.2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(2,6-dimethvlphenvl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-
dihvdro-l//-imidazol-l-vl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 11)
l,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-(3-phenvl-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-
l-vll-q-D-glucofuranoside fCompoundNo. 12)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-methoxvphenvl)-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-
l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 13)
1.2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-(3-phenvl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihvdro-l//-imidazol-l-vl]-q-
D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 14)
Scheme II:
Example 3: Synthesis of l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(4-fluorohenvI)-4-
methyl-2-thioxo-2 J-dihydro-1/f-imidazol-l-yll-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 22)
To a solution of the compound l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-{[(4-fluorophenyl)-amino]thiocarbonyl}-amino-a-D-allofuranoside (disclosed in our co-pending Indian patent application No. 875/DEL/2006) (0.150 g, 0.364 mmol) in dry acetone (5 ml) was added triethylamine (0.05 ml, 0.364 mmol) and a solution of bromine (0.018 ml) in acetone (10 ml) dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred at room temperature till the completion of reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained was purified by preparative TLC using 50 % ethyl acetate and hexane eluant to furnish the title compound. Yield: 0.110 g.

'H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz): 5 7.22-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.14 (m, 2H), 5.84-5.85 (d, 1H, J = 4.0 Hz), 5.64-5.63 (d, 1H, J = 1.2 Hz), 4.92-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.47 (m, 1H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H). Mass (m/z, +ve ion mode): 451 [M++l].
Following compounds were prepared similarly: L2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-r3-(4-cvanophenvl)-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2.3-dihvdro-l//-
imidazol-1-vll-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 1)
1.2:5.6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(2-fluorophenvn-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2.3-dihvdro-l//-
iniidazol-1-vn-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 2)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-('2-methoxvphenvl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihvdro-
l//-imidazol-l-yl1-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 3)
l,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methvl-2-thioxo-2,3-
dihvdro-l//-imidazol-l-vl]-a,-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 4)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3 - [3 -(3 -methoxvphenvl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihydro-
l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 5)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-(3-phenvl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-
l-vl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 6)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-trifluoromethvlphenvl')-4-methvl-2-thioxo-23-
dihvdro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 7)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[3-(4-fluorohenvl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihvdro-l//-imidazol-
l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 23)
Example 4: Synthesis of l,2;5.6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-methoxyphenvl)-thioamidol-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 17)
To a solution of l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-amino]-carbonyl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (disclosed in our co-pending Indian patent application No. 875/DEL/2006) (0.212 g, 0.521 mmol) in dry distilled toluene (4 ml) was added Lawesson's reagent (0.126 g, 0.311 mmol) and stirred at room temperature overnight. Evaporated the solvent under vacuum to afford a yellow residue which was purified by column chromatography over basic alumina using 10 % ethyl acetate and hexane as the solvent of elution to afford the desired product. Yield: 0.055 g.

'HNMR (CDC13, 400 MHz): 5 8.15-8.n (d, IK, 8.0 Hz), 7.26-7.31 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.98 (m, 2H), 5.83-5.84 (d, 1H, J = 4.0 Hz), 4.80-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.23-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.13 (m, 4H), 3.87-3.91 (m, 5H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H). Mass (m/z, +ve ion mode): 424 [M++l].
Following compounds were prepared similarly:
L2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxv-3-[(4-fluorophenvn-thioamido1-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 15)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropvlidene-3-deoxv-3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenvl)-thioamido]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 16)
Pharmacological Activity
The compounds of the present invention are tested in one or both of the assays described herein. Standard assays are used to evaluate activity of compounds in present invention on inflammatory cells as well as recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Inhibiton of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme or attenuation of A23187-induced release of lipid mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis, leukotriene 84 (LTB4), is used to evaluate inhibitory effect on neutrophils.
A23187 induced LTBj release
Venous blood was collected from healthy human donors using heparin as an anti-coagulant. Neutrophils were isolated from freshly drawn blood after dextran sedimentation and ficoll separation (Eur. J. Biochem. 169, 175, 1987). 180 ul of the neutrophil suspension (0.2xl06 cells/ml) was taken and added 19 uL of Hank's Buffer salt solution along with luL of the test drug (200 times concentrated) in a 24 well plate and incubated at 37 °C for 1 hour. Three minutes before the end of test compound incubation, 0.25 mM Ca++/Mg++were added. Then, 0.3 ug/ml A23187 (Sigma Chem, USA) was added and incubated for further 10 min at 37 °C. The reaction was stopped by adding 80 uL of cold methanol and centrifuged to remove cell debris (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 297:267, 2001). The samples were analysed for LTB4 release using LTB4 ELISA kits (Assay Design Inc., USA). The amount of LTB4 released was quantified and percent inhibition of LTB4 release was calculated with respect to the difference between the A23187 stimulated and negative control cells, to compute IC50 values. In vitro data obtained on the disclosed compounds shows IC50 values of active compounds of < 10 uM and moderately active compounds with >10uM, ICso values

Assay for 5-Lipoxygenase Activity
In a 96 well UV-plate, 100 ul of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing DTT (200 uM), ATP (100 uM) and calcium chloride (100 uM) was added. To each well 0.5 ul of test drug (200 times concentrated) or vehicle was added, followed by 4 ul of recombinant 5-Lox (3 units/j^l) and was incubated at 37 °C for 5 min. The reaction was initiated by adding 1 ul of 1 mM freshly prepared arachidonic acid and increase in absorbance was monitored at 236 nm for 10 min. (J. Biol. Chem. 261:11512, 1986). A plot of absorbance verses time curve was prepared and area under curve (AUC) was computed for each well. Percent inhibition of AUC for different treatments was calculated with respect to the difference between the arachidonic acid stimulated and negative control values, to compute ICso values.

WE CLAIM:
1. The compound of Formula I
wherein
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRe (wherein Q is O or NH and Re is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
RI is selected from
A) -(CH2)nG wherein n is an integer from 0-5 and G is selected from
1) ORe {wherein Re is selected from
a) acyl (with the proviso that n cannot be 0), and
b) -C(=O)NRfRq [wherein Rf and Rq can be independently selected from
hydrogen, hydroxy (with the restriction that both Rf and Rq cannot both be
hydroxy), alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,
and -S(O)2R? (wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally
substituted amino)]; and Rf and Rq may also together join to form a heterocyclyl

ring; also, when n is zero, then Rf and Rq cannot be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and Rf and Rq together cannot join to form a heterocyclyl ring};
2) -NRjC(=O)ORs (wherein Rj is selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-C6) alkyl,
lower (C2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl (with the proviso that the heteroaryl ring is not linked through a
heteroatom), aralkyl (Ci-C4), heteroarylalkyl (Ci-C4), and heterocyclylalkyl (Cr
C4), and Rs is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl);
3) NRjYRu [wherein Rj is the same as defined above and Y is -C(=O), -C(=S) or -
SO2 and Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl; and when n is 0
then Y cannot be -C(=O)];
4) -NRjC(=T)NRtRx (wherein Rt is OH or Rx and T is O, S, -N(CN), -N(NO2), -
CH(NO2), RJ is the same as defined above and Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, and
-S(O)2R7 wherein Ry is the same as defined above);
5) heterocyclyl;
6) heteroaryl; and
7) -(C=O)NRaRb (wherein R a and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen,
and Ru wherein Ru is same as defined earlier, also, Ra and Rb together with the
nitrogen atom carrying them can be the N-terminus of an amino acid or di-
tetrapeptide or Ra and Rb may together join to form a heterocyclyl ring);
R3 is alternately selected from
B) -NRjRm (wherein Rj is the same as defined above and Rm is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl);
C) -0(CH2)wGi [wherein w is an integer from 1 -5 and GI is selected from -(wherein Re is the same as defined above), -NRjC(=O)ORs (wherein Rj and Rs are the same as defined above), -NRjC(=T)NRtRx (wherein RJ5 T, Rt and Rx are the

same as defined above), -NRjYRu (wherein Y, Ru and Rj are the same as defined above), heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl)];
D) -NRj(CH2)wGi (wherein w, Rj and GI are the same as defined above);
E) -O(CH2)WG2 [wherein w is the same as defined above and G2 is selected from
-C(=O)NRaRb (wherein Ra and Rb are the same as defined above), and -C(=O)ORk
(wherein Rk is H or Rf, and R6 is the same as defined above); or
F) -NRj(CH2)wG2 (wherein w is as defined above, Rj and G2 are the same as
defined above)];
further, when RB is ORe then R2 and Re may together join to form a five membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier, and RI is independently selected from
a) -(CH2)tGi (wherein t is an integer from 2-4 and GI are the same as defined
above and also when GI is heterocyclylalkyl group then the said group cannot be 4-
(l-pyrrolidinyl)butyl),
b) -(CH2)WG2 (wherein w and G2 are the same as defined above),
c) aryl,
d) aralkyl (with the proviso that aralkyl cannot be phenylpropyl),
e) heteroaryl, and
f) heterocyclyl (wherein the heteroaryl and heterocyclyl rings are not linked
through a heteroatom), and cycloalkyl (with the proviso that cycloalkyl cannot be
cyclooctyl); and
RI and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-C6) alkyl, lower (C2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Ci-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and R5 may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier) with the proviso that when R3 is ORe then the acetal must be isopropylidene acetal.

and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites, wherein
2. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-cyanophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 1) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 2) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 3) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 4) 1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [3 -(3 -methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 5) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-(3-phenyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 6)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 7) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 8) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 9) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 10) 1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 -[3 -(2,6-dimethy lphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 11) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-(3-phenyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 12) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 13) 1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 -(3 -phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihydro-1H-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 14)

l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)-thioamido]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 15)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-thioamido]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 16)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3 - [(2-methoxyphenyl)-thioamido] -a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 17)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [(3 -cyanophenyl)-thiourido] -a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 18)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2-nitrophenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 19)
l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-thiourido]-a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 20)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 - [(2-methoxyphenyl)-thiourido] -a-D-glucofuranoside (Compound No. 21)
1,2; 5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3 -deoxy-3 -[3 -(4-fluorohenyl)-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3 -dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 22) l,2;5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-[3-(4-fluorohenyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]-a-D-allofuranoside (Compound No. 23)
3. A method of making compounds of Formula X and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites, wherein
the method comprising
a. reacting a compound of Formula II
with a compound of Formula Ha
to give a compound of Formula III,

b. reacting a compound of Formula III with sodium azide to form a compound of Formula IV,
Formula IV c. reducing a compound of Formula IV to form a compound of Formula V,
(Figure Remove)

d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI
or with a compound of Formula Via
to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
(Figure Remove)

e. hydrolyzing a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIII,

(Figure Remove)

Wherein
Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)
W is -CH2 or -NH2; X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2R?;
R? is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL

and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRe (wherein Q is O or NH and R6 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
Rj and RS are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-Ce) alkyl, lower (€2-Ce) alkenyl, lower (Ca-Cg) alkynyl, lower (Cs-Cg) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Cj-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Q-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or Rj and RS may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
4. A method of making compounds of Formula Vllb and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites, wherein
the method comprising
a. reacting a compound of Formula II
with a compound of Formula Ila
to give a compound of Formula III,

b. reacting a compound of Formula III with sodium azide to form a compound of Formula IV,
(Figure Remove)

Formula IV c. reducing a compound of Formula IV to form a compound of Formula V,
(Figure Remove)

Formula V d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI
or with a compound of Formula Via
to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
e. reacting a compound of Formula VII with a compound of Formula Vila
Formula Vila to give a compound of Formula Vllb.
(Figure Remove)
Wherein
Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)
W is -CH2 or -NH2; X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2Ry;
RV is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRg (wherein Q is O or NH and Re is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-C6) alkyl, lower (C2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Ci-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and R5 may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
B and BI are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl.

5. A method of making compounds of Formula Vllb and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites, wherein
the method comprising
a. reacting a compound of Formula II
(Figure Remove)

with a compound of Formula Ha

to give a compound of Formula III,

b. reacting a compound of Formula III with sodium azide to form a compound of Formula IV,
c. reducing a compound of Formula IV to form a compound of Formula V,
(Figure Remove)

Formula V d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI

or with a compound of Formula Via
to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
e. converting the compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIIc
(Figure Remove)

Wherein
Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)
W is -CH2 or -NH2; X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2Ry;
Rv is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently

selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQR6 (wherein Q is O or NH and Re is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
R4 and RS are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Cj-Ce) alkyl, lower (C2-C&) alkenyl, lower (Ca-Ce) alkynyl, lower (Cs-Cg) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Ci-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and RS may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
B and BI are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl.
6. A method of making compounds of Formula X and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites,
wherein the method comprises:
a. oxidizing a compound of Formula II
to form a compound of Formula XI,

(Figure Remove)

b. reacting a compound of Formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a
compound of Formula XII,
c. reducing a compound of Formula XII to form a compound of Formula V,
(Figure Remove)

d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI
or with a compound of Formula Via
to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
(Figure Remove)

e. hydrolyzing a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIII,
f. reacting a compound of Formula VIII with a compound of Formula IX

(Figure Remove)

to give a compound of Formula X,

(Figure Remove)

Wherein
Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)
W is -CH2 or -NH2;
X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2R?;
R? is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and RI together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRf, (wherein Q is O or NH and Re is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
R4 and Rs are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Ci-Ce) alkyl, lower (C2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Ci-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (C

heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and RS may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
7. A method of making compounds of Formula VIIc and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites,
wherein the method comprises:
a. oxidizing a compound of Formula II
(Figure Remove)

to form a compound of Formula XI,

b. reacting a compound of Formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a compound of Formula XII,
(Figure Remove)

c. reducing a compound of Formula XII to form a compound of Formula V,
(Figure Remove)

d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI
or with a compound of Formula Via

to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
(Figure Remove)

Formula VII e. reacting a compound of Formula VII with a compound of Formula Vila

Formula Vila to give a compound of Formula Vllb.
(Figure Remove)

Wherein
Ruis selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I)
W is -CH2 or -NH2; X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2R?;
R? is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may

optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRe (wherein Q is O or NH and R6 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
R4 and RS are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (Cj-Ce) alkyl, lower (C2-Ce) alkenyl, lower (C2-Ce) alkynyl, lower (Ca-Cg) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Ci-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C4) heteroarylalkyl; or RI and RS may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
B and BI are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl.
8. A method of making compounds of Formula VIIc and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, esters, enantiomers, diastereomers, N-oxides, polymorphs or metabolites,
wherein the method comprises:
a. oxidizing a compound of Formula II
to form a compound of Formula XI,
(Figure Remove)

b. reacting a compound of Formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a compound of Formula XII,

(Figure Remove)

Formula XII c. reducing a compound of Formula XII to form a compound of Formula V,

(Figure Remove)

d. reacting a compound of Formula V with a compound of Formula VI
or with a compound of Formula Via
to furnish a compound of Formula VII,
e. converting a compound of Formula VII to give a compound of Formula VIIc
(Figure Remove)

Wherein
Ru is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl,
f is an integer from 0-2,
L is a leaving group such as tosyl, triflyl or mesyl and hal is a halogen (Cl, Br, I) W is -CH2 or -NH2;

X is oxygen or sulphur;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and -S(O)2R?;
R? is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and optionally substituted amino;
RI and R2 together form a five-membered acetal, wherein the carbon atom joining the oxygens can be substituted with RL and Rm [wherein RL and Rm are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form a 3-8 membered ring, wherein the ring may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N or S, and the ring may be optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, substituted amino, cycloalkyl, oxo, hydroxy, carboxy, -COQRe (wherein Q is O or NH and Rg is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyl), alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or RL and Rm can together join to form an oxo group];
R4 and RS are independently selected from hydrogen, lower (d-Ce) alkyl, lower (€2-C6) alkenyl, lower (C2-C6) alkynyl, lower (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, lower (Cj-C4) heterocyclylalkyl, and lower (Ci-C,*) heteroarylalkyl; or R4 and RS may together form a five-membered acetal wherein the carbon linking the two oxygens is substituted with RL and Rm (wherein RL and Rm are the same as defined earlier).
B and B i are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 or 2 and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
10. The use of compounds according to claim 1 or 2 for the manufacture of medicament
for treating or preventing inflammation, cardiovascular, cancer or autoimmune
diseases in mammal.

11. The use of compounds according to claim 1 or 2 for the manufacture of medicament
for treating or preventing bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder,
rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allograft rejection, cancer,
inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, acne, atherosclerosis,
pruritis, allergic rhinitis in mammal.
12. The use of compounds according to claim 1 or 2 for the manufacture of medicament
for treating or preventing disease or disorder which is mediated through 5-
lipoxygenase in mammal.
13. The use of pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 for the manufacture of
medicament for treating or preventing inflammation, cardiovascular, cancer or
autoimmune diseases in mammal.
14. The use of pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 for the manufacture of
medicament for treating or preventing bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allograft
rejection, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, acne,
atherosclerosis, pruritis, allergic rhinitis in mammal.
15. The use of pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 for the manufacture of
medicament for treating or preventing disease or disorder which is mediated through
5-lipoxygenase in mammal.