MOSQUITO BED NET ASSEMBLY
INTRODUCTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a mosquito bed net assembly. More specifically,
the invention relates to a mosquito bed net assembly in which the bed net is a box net.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) are one of the most effective tools available
for the prevention of malaria. Not only have lTNs proved successful in protecting those
who sleep directly underneath them, but widespread use of lTNs has been shown to
reduce infection rates in the wider community, including those sleeping without nets.
[0003] The current generation of bed nets, termed long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs),
remain central to malaria control and elimination in Africa where indoor transmission of
malaria is of major significance. However, resistance to pyrethroids, currently the only
class of insecticides approved for use on LLINs, is emerging at an alarming rate in
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, the main indoor-biting vector of malaria in Africa, and
the species most effectively targeted by LLINs. Accordingly, this resistance to currentlyemployed
bed net insecticides represents a considerable threat for future malaria control.
I f , therefore, LLlNs are to remain central to malaria prevention, new designs or
approaches are urgently needed.
[0004] The present invention was devised with the foregoing in mind.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a mosquito
bed net assembly comprising a mosquito bed net and a barrier member disposed above
an upper portion of the bed net, wherein the bed net comprises a first insecticide and the
barrier member comprises a second insecticide. The inventor has surprisingly found that
for human-baited bed nets (i.e. those bed nets having a prone human beneath) the upper
portion of the net, particularly the area directly above a prone human, is the area most
visited by mosquitoes intent on feeding. At least one rationale for such a concentration of
mosquito activity is the combined effect of bodily stimuli, such as heat and odour,
emanating from the human below, which are channelled by the walls of the bed net to a
focal po~nt on its upper surface. For LLlNs treated with approved pyrethroids, feeding
mosquitoes have been demonstrated to adopt oscillating flight paths in the region above
the bed net, whether or not they eventually make contact with the treated surface. Other
studies have shown that those mosquitoes that do make contact with the upper treated
surface of the bed net often go on to make further contacts therewith in a bouncing or
hopping manner. The barrier member forming part of the present bed net assembly
markedly increases the likelihood of such oscillating and bouncing mosquitoes coming
into more frequent contact with an insecticide-treated surface. Additionally, the barrier
member forming part of the present invention is located above, and therefore outside, the
treated bed net meaning that it is unlikely, if not impossible, for it to come into contact
with a human sleeping thereunder. As a consequence, insecticidal alternatives to
pyrethroids may be applied to the barrier member, thereby increasing the likelihood of
k~llingm osquitoes that have developed some resistance to pyrethroids. Suitably, the bed
net is impregnated with the first insecticide and the barrier member is impregnated with
the second insecticide.
[0006] In an embodiment, the first and second insecticides are the same. In view of the
observed mosquito flying characteristics, the bed net assembly of the present invention
is configured so as to increase the frequency of mosquito-bed net collisions, thereby
increasing the likelihood of delivering a fatal dose of a single insecticide. The single
insecticide may be any insecticide currently, or eventually, approved by the World Health
Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for use with LLINs.
[0007] Suitably, the first and second insecticides are different.
[0008] In an embodiment, the first insecticide comprises at least one pyrethroid
insecticide. At present, pyrethroids are the only class of insecticides approved by the
World Health Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for use with LLINs.
[0009] In another embodiment, the second insecticide comprises at least one nonpyrethroid
insecticide. The barrier member forming part of the present invention is
located above the bed net, such that it is sufficiently distant from a human sleeping
thereunder. As a consequence, the barrier member may be impregnated with other,
preferably more effective non-pyrethroid insecticides, whose use on standard LLlNs
would otherwise be barred under the regulations imposed by WHOPES. Optionally, the
second insecticide may comprise at least one pyrethroid insecticide in combination with
at least one non-pyrethroid insecticide.
[OOIO] Suitably, the upper portion is defined by an upper surface of the net bed.
[001 I] In an embodiment, the barrier member is formed from netted, meshed or webbed
fabric. For the sake of cost and ease of manufacturing, the barrier member may be made
from the same material as the bed net itself. Alternatively, the barrier member may be
made from a more, or less, porous material, which may be partially or wholly stiffened
depending on the specific form of the barrier member, and the availability of any
overhead suspending means. In an embodiment, the bed net assembly is made from
polyester.
[0012] In another embodiment, at least a portion of the barrier member is attached to the
upper surface of the bed net. The barrier member forming part of the present invention
may therefore be integrally formed with the bed net. Suitably, the barrier member is
attached to the upper surface by stitching, gluing or any other known attachment means.
[0013] In a further embodiment, at least a portion of the barrier member is suspendable
from above the upper surface of the bed net. Depending on the location in which the bed
net assembly is to be used, the barrier member, or at least part of it, may be configured
so as to be suspendable from above, such as from a ceiling or other overhead object,
such that the barrier member is not itself in contact, or in intimate contact, with the bed
net. Alternatively, the barrier member may be formed integrally with the bed net, whilst at
the same time being configured so as to be suspendable, or partially suspendable, from
above.
[0014] Suitably, the barrier member extends substantially perpendicularly to the upper
surface of the bed net. The barrier member forming part of the present invention may be
configured so as to project upwardly from the plane defined by the bed net's upper
surface. Such a configuration is particularly effective at intercepting such oscillating and
low-flying mosquitoes, and delivering to them a fatal dose of an insecticide.
[0015] In an embodiment, the barrier member comprises a first upstanding planar sheet.
The barrier member may be a simple rectangular sheet whose bottom edge is
associated with the upper surface of the bed net.
[0016] In another embodiment, the first planar sheet extends longitudinally along at least
a portion of the length of the bed net. The barrier member may extend along the length of
the bed net. Suitably, the longitudinally-extending barrier member is disposed at a
substantially medium point along the width of the upper surface of the bed net. More
suitably, the first planar sheet extends along the entire length of the bed net.
[0017] In another embodiment, the first planar sheet extends laterally along at least a
portion of the width of the bed net. The barrier member may extend along the width of
the bed net. Suitably, the laterally-extending barrier member is disposed at a
substantially medium point along the length of the upper surface of the bed net. More
su~tably, the first planar sheet extends along the entire width of the bed net. Optionally,
the laterally-extending barrier member is disposed approximately one third along the
length of the upper surface of the bed net, such that it lies substantially over the chest
area of a sleeping human.
[0018] In a further embodiment, the barrier member further comprises a second
upstanding planar sheet, wherein the second planar sheet intersects and is
perpendicular to the first planar sheet. The barrier member may therefore be formed from
intersect~ng lateral and longitudinal planar sheets, thereby presenting further surfaces for
contact with hostseeking mosquitoes.
[0019] In a further embodiment, the barrier member is conical, frustoconical or
cylindrical. Suitably, the barrier member is centrally located on the upper surface of the
bed net. Optionally, the barrier member is disposed approximately one third along the
length of the upper surface of the bed net, such that it lies substantially over the chest
area of a sleeping human. The base of the conical, frustoconical or cylindrical barrier
member may define an opening in the upper surface of the bed net, thereby increasing
the surface area of the upper surface at the point where bodily stimuli are believed to be
most concentrated. Alternatively, where the upper surface of the bed net is unbroken, the
conical, frustoconical or cylindrical barrier member may comprise one or more mosquito
opening, thereby increasing the likelihood of mosquitoes becoming trapped within the
barrier member where they can receive a lethal dose of insecticide. Optionally, the one
or more openings define an opening to an internal passage provided within the barrier
member. Optionally the internal passage is tapered towards the upper surface.
Optionally, only an inner surface of the barrier member comprises the non-pyrethroid
insecticide.
[0020] In another embodiment, the barrier member is disposed substantially co-planar to
the upper surface of the bed net. Such a configuration is particularly effective at
~ntercepting oscillating and low-flying mosquitoes, and delivering to them a fatal dose of
an insecticide.
[0021] Suitably, the barrier member extends across substantially the same area as the
upper surface of the bed net. Accordingly, the barrier member may be of substantially
identical dimensions to the upper surface of the bed net, such that it may be viewed as a
second upper surface. More suitably, the barrier member may be spaced above the
upper surface of the bed net by supporting means disposed at its corners.
[0022] More suitably, the barrier member further comprises a mosquito opening,
permitting mosquito access to the space beneath the barrier member. Incoming
mosqu~toesp ass through the barrier member's opening and contact the upper surface of
the bed net. Those which go on to exhibit low-flying characteristics become sandwiched
between the bed net's upper surface and the co-planar barrier member, thereby
restrlctlng the mosquitoes' freedom of movement and hence increasing the likelihood of
receiving a fatal dose of insecticide. The opening may be centrally-located on the upper
surface, or in another region where bodily stimuli are believed to be at their most
concentrated.
[0023] In an embodiment, the co-planar barrier member is disposed above the upper
surface at a distance of between 0.5 and 10 cm. The narrow gap between the bed net's
upper surface and the barrier member increases the likelihood of delivering a fatal dose
of insecticide. Suitably, the edges of the barrier member do not form a closed structure
with the respective side walls of the bed net. Accordingly, the upper surface of the bed
net is accessible to a user to enable dead mosquitoes to be easily removed by sweeping,
blowing or vacuuming.
[0024] In another embodiment, the co-planar barrier member has a top surface and a
bottom surface. Suitably, both the top and bottom surfaces are impregnated with the
second insecticide. More suitably, only the bottom surface is so impregnated. Such a
configuration reduces the risk of human contact with the insecticide.
[0025] In yet another embodiment, the barrier member further comprises stiffening
means. Stiffening means may be used in order that the barrier member retains its
structure and orientation in use. The stiffening means may be disposed around the
edges of the barrier member, as a frame. Alternatively, the stiffening means may be
located at regular, or irregular, intervals along the length or width of the barrier member.
Suitable stiffening means include ribs, rigid strips, wire frames, wire mesh or support
posts.
[0026] In a further embodiment, the first insecticide comprises at least one insecticide
selected from the group consisting of allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin,
cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,
flucythrinate, flumethrin, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, methofluthrin, permethrin,
prallethrin, resmethrin, silafluofen, sumithrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin,
tralomethrin, transfluthrin and pyriproxyfen. At present, pyrethroids are the only class of
lnsecticldes approved by the World Health Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme
(WHOPES) for use with LLINs, although other, non-pyrethroid insecticides are currently
being tested for their suitability.
[0027] In another embodiment, the second insecticide comprises at least one insecticide
selected from the group consisting of organophosphates, carbamates, pyrroles, hormone
mimics and biological insecticides. In use, the barrier member comprising the second
insecticide is sufficiently distant from the user such that more potent, non-pyrethroid
insecticides can be used. Suitably, the second insecticide comprises at least one
insecticide selected from the group consisting of pirimiphos methyl, propoxur,
bendiocarb, indoxycarb, chlorphenapyr, pyriproxyfen, methoprene, Bacillus thuringiensis
~sraelensisa nd entomopathogenic fungi.
[0028] In still another embodiment, the first insecticide further comprises a synergist.
When the bed net assembly of the present invention is to be used in those areas where
rnosqu~toes have developed, or are developing, resistance to pyrethroid-type
insecticides, a synergist may be used in combination with the first insecticide in order to
restore its efficacy. Suitably, the synergist is piperonyl butoxide.
[0029] In a further embodiment, the bed net is a box net. Box nets are among the most
common types of mosquito bed net is use and generally take the form of a rectangular
box. The flat, upper surface of the box net provides an ideal site on which to locate the
barrier member forming part of the present invention.
[0030] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit
comprising:
a. a mosquito bed net, and
b. a barrier member disposed above an upper portion of the bed net,
whereln the bed net comprises a first insecticide and the barrier member comprises a
second insecticide.
[0031] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a barrier
member as herein defined, the barrier member being configured to be associated with an
upper portion of a mosquito bed net.
[0032] It will be appreciated that the barrier member may be identical in form any of the
barr~er members forming part of any of the mosquito bed net assemblies described
here~n.It will also be appreciated that the barrier member may comprise any insecticide
discussed hereinbefore in respect of the barrier members forming part of the mosquito
bed net assemblies.
[0033] In one embodiment, the barrier member is configured to be attached to an upper
portion of a mosquito bed net.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0034] One or more embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of
example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Fig. 1 IS a view from the front, one side, and above of one embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 2 is a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
Invention.
Fig. 3 is a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 4 IS a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
~rivention.
Fig. 5 is a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
iriverition.
Fig. 6 IS a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
~nvention.
Fig. 7 is a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 8 IS a view from the front, one side, and above of another embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 9 shows an example of the frequency of mosquito-net contacts at various points on
both ~nsecticide-treatedb ed nets and untreated bed nets.
Fig. 10 shows an example of the flight path of multiple mosquitoes over a human-baited
bed net.
Fig. 11 shows an example of the flight path of a single mosquito over a human-baited
bed net.
[0035] A mosquito bed net assembly 10a-h includes a mosquito bed "box net" 12
Impregnated with a pyrethroid insecticide and having a top surface 14, and a barrier
member 16a-h impregnated with a non-pyrethroid insecticide and disposed above top
surface 14.
[0036] Referring to Fig. 1, barrier member 16a is formed from a rectangular planar sheet
of netted material, attached to top surface 14 via its lower edge 18 and extending
upwardly in a direction perpendicular to top surface 14. Barrier member 16a is located at
a mlddle point along the length of top surface 14, and extends across its entire width.
Barrier member 16a is attachable at uppermost corners 20a,b to a ceiling or other
overhead object.
[0037] Referring to Fig. 2, barrier member 16b is formed from a rectangular planar sheet
of netted material, attached to top surface 14 via its lower edge 22 and extending
upwardly in a direction perpendicular to top surface 14. Barrier member 16b is located at
a middle point along the width of top surface 14, and extends across its entire length.
Barrier member 16b is attachable at uppermost corners 24a,b to a ceiling or an overhead
object.
[0038] Referring to Fig. 3, barrier member 16c is formed from first and second
rectangular planar sheets 26, 28 of netted material, attached to top surface 14 via their
lower edge 32 and extending upwardly in a direction perpendicular to top surface 14.
Flrst planar sheet 26 IS located at a middle point along the width of top surface 14, and
extends across its entire length. Second planar sheet 28 is located at a middle point
along the length of top surface 14, and extends across its entire width, such that first and
second planar sheets 26, 28 are arranged perpendicular to one another and intersect
one another at a middle point 34 along their lengths. Barrier member 16c is attachable at
uppermost corners 30a-d to a ceiling or other overhead object.
[0039] Referring to Fig. 4, cylindrical barrier member 16d is formed from stiffened netted
material and includes a cylindrical outer wall 38, extending upwardly from upper surface
14, and a top wall 40 lying in the same plane as upper surface 14. Barrier member 16d is
centrally located on upper surface 14 and is attached thereto via its lower edge 42.
Barrier member 16d is open at its bottom face, defining an opening 44 in the upper
surface 14.
[0040] Referring to Fig. 5, cylindrical barrier member 16e is formed from stiffened netted
material having a cylindrical outer wall 46 extending upwardly from upper surface 14, a
top wall 48 lying in the same plane as upper surface 14, and a bottom wall defined by
upper surface 14. Barrier member 16e is centrally located on upper surface 14 and is
attached thereto via its lower edge 50. Only the innermost surfaces of outer wall 46 and
top wall 48 are Impregnated with the non-pyrethroid insecticide. A plurality of openings
52 are disposed at regular intervals around cylindrical outer wall 46. Top wall 48 also
includes a centrally-disposed opening 54. Openings 52, 54 act as entrance points for
mosquitoes.
[0041] Referring to Fig. 6, frustoconical barrier member 16f is formed from stiffened
netted material having a conical outer wall 56 extending generally upwardly from upper
surface 14, a bottom wall defined by upper surface 14, and an upper edge 58 defining an
opening 60 Barrier member 16f is centrally located on upper surface 14 and is attached
thereto by its lower edge 62. Only the innermost surface of outer wall 56 is impregnated
wlth the non-pyrethroid insecticide. Opening 60 acts as an entrance point for mosquitoes.
[0042] Referring to Fig. 7, cylindrical barrier member 16g is formed from stiffened netted
material having a cylindrical outer wall 64 extending upwardly from upper surface 14, a
top wall 66 lying in the same plane as upper surface 14, and a bottom wall defined by
upper surface 14. Barrier member 16g is centrally located on upper surface 14 and is
attached thereto by its lower edge 68. Only the innermost surfaces of outer wall 64 and
top wall 66 are impregnated with the non-pyrethroid insecticide. Top wall 66 includes a
centrally disposed opening 70, acting as an entrance point for mosquitoes.
[0043] Referring to Fig. 8, barrier member 16h is formed from a rectangular planar sheet
of netted material arranged to lie above, and in an identical plane to, upper surface 14,
and spaced apart therefrom at a distance of approximately 2-3 cm. Barrier member 16h
is of Identical dimensions to upper surface 14, and is held apart therefrom by vertical
support posts 72a-d extending between the respective four corners of barrier member
1611 and upper surface 14. Barrier member 16h also includes a centrally disposed
circular opening 74, approximately 30-40 cm in diameter, acting as an entrance point for
mosqultoes The distance between upper surface 14 and barrier member 16h is
ma~ntalned in the region of opening 74 by a plurality of vertical support posts 76
extending between the edge of opening 74 and upper surface 14. Only the underside
surface of barrier member 16h is impregnated with the non-pyrethroid insecticide.
[0044] In use, and referring to Fig. 9, mosquito bed net assembly 10a-h addresses the
findings that for human-baited bed nets, the upper portion of the net, particularly the area
d~rectlya bove a prone human, is the area most visited by mosquitoes intent on feeding.
[0045] Referring to Fig. 10, an experiment conducted in total darkness using IR lighting
and IR-sensitive cameras demonstrates the flight path of 25 female Anopheles gambiae
mosquitoes over a standard, human-baited bed bet. Fig. 9 clearly shows a density of
rnosquito activity on the upper surface of the bed net, particularly in a central portion,
with little to no activity occurring at the side walls. Fig. 9 further demonstrates
mosqultoes' tendency to adopt oscillating flight paths within this densely populated
region. By virtue of barrier member 16, which comprises a non-pyrethroid, and therefore
comparatively more potent, insecticide, mosquito bed net assembly 10a-h, in particular
bed net assembly 10a-g, provides improved protection against those mosquitoes having
a tendency to adopt such oscillating flight paths over the upper surface of the bed net.
Barrier member 16 is therefore ideally located to maximize contacts with such
mosquitoes and deliver to them a lethal dose of insecticide.
[0046] Referring to Fig. 11, other experiments conducted in total darkness using IR
liyhtiriy and IR-sensitive cameras demonstrate the tendency of Anopheles gambiae
mosquitoes to exhibit low-flying trajectories over the upper surface of a standard, humanbaited
bed net, often making frequent contact with the upper surface. By virtue of barrier
member 16, which comprises a non-pyrethroid, and therefore comparatively more potent,
insecticide, mosquito bed net assembly 10a-h, in particular bed net assembly 10h,
provides improved protection against those mosquitoes having a tendency to adopt
these so-called "bouncing" flight trajectories over the upper surface of the bed net.
Barrier member 16a-h, in particular barrier member 16h, is therefore ideally located to
maximize contacts with such bouncing mosquitoes and deliver to them a lethal dose of
insecticide.
[0047] The improved mosquito-killing efficacy of bed net assembly 10a-h does not
compromise the health of a user. since when using mosquito bed net assembly 10a-h, a
user is protected from non-pyrethroid-containing barrier member 16a-h by upper surface
14 of box net 12. Accordingly, bed net assembly 10a-h adheres to the stringent
requirements imposed by WHOPES, yet offers markedly improved mosquito killing
potential.
[0048] After uslng bed net assembly 10a-h, a user simply removes dead mosquitoes
from upper surface 14 by known means, including brushing, blowing or vacuuming.
[0049] While specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for the
purpose of reference and illustration, various modifications will be apparent to a person
skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the
appended claims. For example, barrier member 16a-h, which has been described as
being formed from netted material, may equally be formed from other meshed or webbed
fabrics. Whilst barrier member 16a-g has been described as being attached to upper
surface 14 via its lower edge, it is equally envisagable that barrier member 16a-g be
suspended entirely from a ceiling or other overhead object, without therefore making
intimate contact with upper surface 14. Similarly, barrier member 16a,b, which has been
described as having portions attachable to a ceiling or other overhead object, may
equally comprise one or more rigid support member so as to render it free-standing.
Moreover, the positions of barrier member 16a-g on upper surface 14, or its general
shape, may vary depending on the flight trajectory tendencies of the surrounding
mosquitoes. For example, barrier member 16 may be located in the region approximately
one third along the length of upper surface 14, such that it is provided substantially
above the chest of a user.

CLAIMS
1. A mosquito bed net assembly comprising a mosquito bed net and a barrier
member disposed above an upper portion of the bed net, wherein the bed net
comprises a first insecticide and the barrier member comprises a second
insecticide.
2. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 1, wherein the bed net is impregnated
w~thth e first insecticide and the barrier member is impregnated with the second
insecticide.
3. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second
lnsectic~desa re the same.
4. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 3, wherein the first and second
Insecticides are selected from the group consisting of allethrin, bifenthrin,
cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox,
fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, imiprothrin, lambdacyhalothrin,
methofluthrin, permethrin, prallethrin, resmethrin, silafluofen,
sumithrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin and
pynproxyfen.
5. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second
insecticides are different.
6. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 5, wherein the first insecticide comprises
at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
7. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 5 or 6, wherein the second insecticide
comprises at least one non-pyrethroid insecticide.
8. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 5 to 7, wherein the second insecticide
comprises at least one pyrethroid insecticide in combination with at least one
non-pyrethroid insecticide.
9. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the upper
portion is defined by an upper surface of the net bed.
10. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the barrier
member is formed from netted, meshed or webbed fabric.
11 The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein at least a
portion of the barrier member is attached to the upper surface of the bed net.
12. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein at least a
portion of the barrier member is suspended above the upper surface of the bed
net.
13. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the barrier
member is suspended entirely above the upper portion without making contact
therewith.
14. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the barrier
member is disposed substantially perpendicularly to the upper surface of the bed
net.
15. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the barrier
member comprises a first upstanding planar sheet. #
16. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 15, wherein the first planar sheet
extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the length of the bed net.
17. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 16, wherein the first planar sheet
extends along the entire length of the bed net.
18. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 15, wherein the first planar sheet
extends laterally along at least a portion of the width of the bed net.
19. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 18, wherein the first planar sheet
extends along the entire width of the bed net.
20. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 15 to 19, wherein the barrier
member further comprises a second upstanding planar sheet, wherein the
second planar sheet intersects and is perpendicular to the first planar sheet.
21. ]-he mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the barrier
member is conical or frustoconical.
M'O 20 ISl063J.55 PCT/GB2014/053154
14
22. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 21, wherein the barrier member is
cylindrical.
23. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 21 or 22. wherein the barrier member
further comprises one or more mosquito openings.
24. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 23, wherein only an inner surface of the
barrier member comprises the second insecticide.
25. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the barrier
member is disposed substantially co-planar to the upper surface of the bed net.
26. The niosquito bed net assembly of claim 25, wherein the barrier member extends
across substantially the same area as the upper surface of the bed net.
27. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 25 or 26, wherein the barrier member
further comprises at least one mosquito opening.
28. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 27, wherein the mosquito opening is
centrally located.
29. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 25 to 26, wherein the barrier
member is disposed above the upper surface at a distance of between 0.5 and 10
cm.
30. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 29, wherein the barrier member is
disposed above the upper surface at a distance of between 2 and 5 cm.
31. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 25 to 30, wherein the barrier
member has a top surface and a bottom surface.
32. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 31, wherein both the top surface and
bottom surface comprise the second insecticide.
33. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 31, wherein only the bottom surface
comprises the second insecticide.
34. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the barrier
member further comprises stiffening means.
35. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 5 to 34, wherein the first
insecticide comprises at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting
of allethr~nb, ifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin,
esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin,
imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, methofluthrin, permethrin, prallethrin, resmethrin,
silafluofen, sumithrin, tau-fluvalinate. tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin,
transfluthrin and pyriproxyfen.
36. The mosquito bed net assembly of any of claims 5 to 35, wherein the second
insecticide comprises at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting
of organophosphates, carbamates, pyrroles, hormone mimics and biological
~nsectic~des.
37. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 36, wherein the second insecticide
comprises at least one insecticide selected from the group consisting of
pirimiphos methyl, propoxur, bendiocarb, indoxycarb, chlorphenapyr,
pyriproxyfen, methoprene, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and
entomopathogenic fungi.
38. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the first
Insecticide further comprises a synergist.
39. The mosquito bed net assembly of claim 38, wherein the synerg~stis piperonyl
butoxide.
40. The mosquito bed net assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the bed net is a
box net.
4 1 . A mosquito bed net assembly substantially as herein described or shown in any
of figures 1 to 8.
42. A kit comprising
a. a mosquito bed net, and
b. a barrier member disposed above an upper portion of the bed net,
wherein the bed net comprises a first insecticide and the barrier member
comprises a second insecticide.
43. A barrier member as defined in any preceding claim, the barrier member being
configured to be associated with an upper portion of a mosquito bed net.
44. The barrier member of claim 43, wherein the barrier member is configured to be
attached to an upper portion of a mosquito bed net.