DESC:FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention is directed to provide liquid nano complex and fertilizer formulation thereof involving a selective blend of silica, potassium and carbamide liquid fertilizer formulated in nano scale as a nano complex.

BACKGROUND ART

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the world economy, and is known as the backbone of several developing countries. The extensive and relentless application of agrochemicals in the agricultural cropping systems to secure greater yield has led to many health risks and environmental concerns. The accomplishment of sustainable agriculture through the exploitation and development of nano-technological advancements seems to be a capable approach. The development and use of nano based materials including nano fertilizers is one of the promising solution to all the agricultural problems. Extremely small size, large surface to volume ratio, surface specificities and many other unique characteristics prove to be a magical tool and their application in agriculture can be carried out to obtain highly balanced and nutritive food.
On this reference is invited to the following prior arts
CN110283014 relates to sustained and controlled release chemical fertilizer field, the preparation method of the biodegradable organic nano fertilizer with semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure of specially a kind of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium silicon. Specifically: the sodium silicate aqueous solution of certain concentration is prepared first, after so that a certain amount of formaldehyde and urea is reacted a period of time at a certain temperature later, temperature is risen to after set temperature again and a certain amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium silicate aqueous solution is added the reaction was continued, until system is sticky. Afterwards obtained thick product is granulated and dried a period of time at a set temperature, the biodegradable high molecular semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure for then obtaining the silicon of N P and K containing nutrient delays controlled release organic nano fertilizer, together it is interacted by both the slow controlled release organic nano fertilizer strand of biological degradation polyalcohol of the N P and K containing nutrient and inorganic silica gels network are mutual, form semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the excellent sustained release performance of silicon can be assigned, to greatly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.

CN1451636 teaches about a nano-class composite liquid fertilizer contains N, P, K, mannose, amino acids, trace elements, soil microbes and water. Its preparation process is also disclosed. Its advantages are rich broad-spectrum nutrients, easy being assimilated, and high effect on increasing yield of plant and its power to resist the diseases and pests.
In view of the above state of the art disclosures which clearly portrays the fact that very few works have been done related to nano complex fertilizers which is not only eco-friendly but also provides better yield and hence the present invention has been undertaken to satisfy the growing agricultural demands of the farmers.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is thus the primary object of the present invention to provide for a nano liquid complex fertilizer applicable to large scale farming, hydroponics, horticulture and more importantly space restricted gardens.

Another object of the present invention is to provide for said nano liquid complex fertilizer which would be eco-friendly and would not cause any adverse effect on soil fertility.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide for said nano liquid complex fertilizer in the form of foliar sprays which would not only reduce wastage but also increase bioavailability to plant metabolic systems as it would get absorbed through the stomata due to its extremely small size.

Another object of the present invention is to provide for said nano liquid complex fertilizer, application of which would result better yield but with a lesser investment compared to the conventional fertilizers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided for a liquid fertiliser complex comprising of a nano complex fertiliser comprising of silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex in nano size level of 15 to 25 preferably 20 - nm.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided for the Liquid fertiliser complex as above comprising a blend of 0.01-50 Wt% of silica dioxide, 0.01-50 Wt% of potassium and 5- 50 Wt% of carbamide.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided for a Liquid fertiliser complex as above wherein said silica-potassium carbamide complex includes 25-35 Wt% of silica dioxide, 20-30 Wt% of potassium, 20- 30 Wt% of carbamide.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided for a Liquid fertilizer complex as above having nanoscale grain size in the range of 20-50 nm at concentration level of 10 to 15 % preferably about 80% and optionally including micro non-carbamide plant nutrients selected from oxford chemical llp in amounts of 25 to 30 % by wt and /or micro carbamide containing compounds selected from oxford chemicals llp in amounts of 20 to 30 % by wt.

According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided for nano complex as above wherein said nano complex liquid having said nanoscale grain size is obtained of binding carbamide solution to potassium silica base under critical parameters of about 1000 RPM, about 25-80 °C and time of about 4.5-5 hours.

According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided for the Liquid fertilizer complex as above as nano complex liquid comprising approximately 250 ml 40000 ppm of said nano complex liquid based fertilizer providing activity equal to 50 kg bag of conventional granular fertilizer in terms of crop benefit thereby reducing fertilizer transportation cost for farmers by about 100 times.

According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided for a process for manufacturing the Liquid fertilizer complex as above comprising the steps of providing potassium-silica liquor composition and binding the same with carbamide solution to generate silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex.

According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided for the process as above comprising:
i) providing 0.01 to 50 wt % silicon dioxide;
ii) providing 0.01 to 50 wt % potassium salt liquor;
iii) providing 5 to 50 wt % carbamide solution;
Subjecting the thus obtained carbamide solution to binding onto the silica potassium surface at select operating temperature of 25-80 0C at 1000 RPM based continuous stirring for about 5 hrs such as to obtain the said nano silica potassium carbamide liquid.

According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided for the process as above wherein said step of forming potassium-silica base involves the following steps:
i) Providing Potassium liquor: 35-50 wt % of potassium salt dissolved in distilled water at 15-20 degree centigrade temperature under 1 hour continued stirring at 1000 rpm to produce the potassium liquor
ii) providing Carbamide liquor: 35-50 wt % of Carbamide salt dissolved in distilled water at room temperature in 2 hour under continued stirring at 500 to 1000 rpm to produce the Carbamide liquor
iii) Mixing of silica with Potassium liquor at room temperature to obtain said potassium-silica liquor base;
and wherein said step of binding said potassium-silica base with carbamide solution involves:
subjecting the carbamide liquor to binding with the potassium-silica base surface at 25 to 80 oC under continuous stirring for 5 hours at 1000 rpm, to obtain therefrom silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided for the process as above involving said nano sized actives to generate nano complex liquid based fertilizer formulation comprising said silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex having nanoscale grain size in the range of 20-50 nm at concentration level of about 20 to 30 % preferably about 80% and optionally including micro non-carbamide plant nutrients selected from oxford chemical llp in amounts of 20 to 30% by wt or micro carbamide containing compounds selected from Oxford chemical llp in amounts 20-30% by wt.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As discussed hereinbefore, the present invention provides for nano complex comprising silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex suitable for fertilizer formulation and including a blend of 0.01-50 Wt% silica dioxide, 0.01-50 Wt% potassium, 5- 50 Wt% carbamide.
Preferably said noncomplex involves 25-35 Wt% of silica dioxide, 20-30 Wt% of potassium, 20- 30 Wt% of carbamide and preferably is a nano complex liquid suitable for nano complex liquid based fertilizer formulation having nanoscale grain size in the range of 20-50 nm at concentration level of 0.01 to 0.04 % preferably about 80%.
According to another embodiment of the present invention is provided nanocomplex based fertilizer formulation comprising said silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex having nanoscale grain size in the range of 20-50 nm at concentration level of about 20 to 30 % preferably about 80% with or without micro non-carbamide plant nutrients in amount of 20 to 30 % by wt or micro carbamide containing compounds selected from oxford chemical llp preferably in amounts of 20 to 30 % by wt.
The above disclosed silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex suitable for fertilizer formulation is synergistically active as a fertilizer formulation and is a significant advancement in terms of:
1. The advanced nano liquid complex fertilizer is readily applicable to large scale farming, hydroponics, horticulture and more importantly even to space restricted gardens.
2. The advanced nano liquid complex fertilizer is ecofriendly as it has no adverse effect on soil fertility.

3. The advanced nano liquid complex fertilizer is in the form of foliar sprays which not only reduces wastage but due to delayed hydrolysis of potassium and carbamide also increases bioavailability of NH4+ and K+ ions to plant metabolic systems as it gets absorbed through the stomata thereby increasing the yield of the crop.

4. The advanced nano liquid complex fertilizer is required in small amounts of the actives and approximately 1.5 litre of fertilizer as a foliar spray is enough for 1 hectare, which further reduces the fertilizer transportation cost for farmers by 100 times.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION IN RELATION TO NON-LIMITING ACCOMPANYING FIGURES WHEREIN:
Figure 1: Schematic representation of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of the process technology of nano complex comprising silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex.
Figure 2: is an illustration of the particle size distribution of the silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex of the invention;
Figure 3: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex.
Figure 4: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex.
Figure 5: is an illustration of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis report
Figure 6: Plants at tillering stage
Figure 7: Chlorophyll analysis of plant leaves with PK formulation
Figure 8: Chlorophyll analysis of plant leaves with NK formulation
Figure 9: Plants at grain filling stage

NON-LIMITING EXAMPLES:
Example 1:
In accordance with an exemplary illustration of the silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex, the same was obtained following a process as illustrated in accompanying Figure 1.
Thus the preparation method of nano complex comprising silica-potassium carbamide comprises basically of providing the carbamide in a form suitable to bind onto the silica potassium surface to provide the nano silica potassium carbamate liquid which advantageously can be applied as foliar spray on the plants. Such a constitution of the nano silica potassium carbamide liquid is found to surprisingly and unexpectedly delay in carbamide and potassium hydrolyzation and synergistically improve availability of NH4+ and K+ ion absorption through the stomata of plants, thereby reduces NH3 volatilization which further increases the yield of the crop with reduced production of greenhouse gases, namely, N2O and CH4 and increase carbamide and potassium absorbing quantity of crops and thereby synergistic improvement in crop yield.
A simple two step preparation of the nano silica potassium carbamate liquid include:
i) Providing silicon dioxide;
ii) Providing potassium salt liquor;
iii) Providing carbamide solution;
subjecting the thus obtained carbamide solution to binding on to the silica potassium surface at select operating temperature of 25-80 0C preferably 50-80 0 C at 1000 RPM stirring about 5 Hrs continuously to obtain the said nano silica potassium carbamate liquid.

Critical operating parameters and preferred active involvement included:
1. RPM 1000 2. Temperature 50-80 0 C 3. Time 4.5 -5 hours

a. Silica dioxide (LR) (Prabha Chemicals Allied products) and Potassium (LR) (Oxford lab fine chem llp) are used as obtained without further purification for the formulation. Potassium liquor is prepared by dissolving 35-50 wt % of potassium salt in distilled water at 15-20 degree centigrade temperature in 1 hour continuous stirring at 1000 rpm.
Similarly as obtained Carbamide (LR) from supplier (Oxford lab fine chem llp) is used for the present invention. Preparation of Carbamide liquor involves dissolving 35-50 wt % of Carbamide salt in distilled water at room temperature with 2 hour continuous stirring at 500 to 1000 rpm.
c. Targeted range of 20-50 nm grain size in 80 %

Thus obtained nano silica potassium carbamide liquid complex having attributes of a fertilizer can be applied as foliar spray on the plants. Delayed hydroxylation of the nano silica potassium carbamide liquid complex, improves the availability of NH4+ and K+ ion and thus absorption through the stomata of plants and thereby reduces NH3 volatilization causing further increase in the yield of the crop with reduced production of greenhouse gases, namely, N2O and CH4.

Example 2:

Comparatives of granular (conventional) vs. nano form of the nano silica potassium carbamide liquid complex fertilizer in accordance to the present invention are as noted hereunder:

S.No. Quality of fertilizer conventional granular fertilizer Nano complex liquid fertilizer
1 Quantity 50 kg 250 ml
2 Concentration with respect to 80% 40000 ppm
3 Yield of product 20% 30-35 %
4 Soil pollution 90% 0 %

The above comparative data clearly and sufficiently demonstrate the synergistic advantages of nano complex fertilizer over the conventional granular fertilizer and the superiority in the process of manufacture of the nano complex vis a vis its conventional granular fertilizer components which cannot achieve the unexpected and hereto before unknown, delayed hydrolyzation of the potassium and carbamide liquor of the liquid nano complex of the present invention which improves the availability of NH4+ and K+ ion absorption through the stomata of plants, thereby reducing NH3 volatilization which further increases the yield of the crop with reduced production of greenhouse gases, namely, N2O and CH4.
Importantly, 250 ml of nano-size complex fertilizer was found to be equal to 50 kg bag of conventional granular fertilizer and approximately 1.5 litre of fertilizer as a foliar spray was enough for 1 hectare, which further reduces the fertilizer transportation cost for farmers by 100 times.

Example-3
Nano Fertilizer application on Rice crop

1. Product Selection:

Nano liquid foliar fertilizers, including Potassium Urea complex liquid fertilizer (NK) and Potassium Phosphate complex liquid fertilizer (PK) suitable for application on rice crop were manufactured in accordance to the present invention and the effect of both these nano liquid fertilizers were then evaluated on rice crop.
Said nutrient compositions, potassium Urea complex liquid fertilizer (NK) and potassium Phosphate complex liquid fertilizer (PK), both were having particle size 20 to 80 nm.

Dilution and Concentration of foliar application: Said manufactured NK and PK liquid fertilizer were diluted to different concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 500 ppm and were also evaluated on rice crop at different growth stages of the crop. Details of the application of NK liquid fertilizer are summarised in Table 1 and details of PK liquid fertilizer application are summarised in Table 2. Concentration of NK-1, NK-2, NK-3, NK-4, NK-5 were 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm respectively. Applications T1 to T5 were constituted by 100 ppm to 500 ppm concentrations of NK liquid fertilizers. T6 was conventional urea potash of 10 gm. Apart from different concentrations of fertilizers, water was used as the control for foliar application. As it is very important to reach a balance between over-fertilization and nutrient deficiency all the liquid fertilizers were diluted and applied at a ratio of 2 ml/ lit.

Table1: Liquid nano fertilizer NK application details

S. No. Fertilizer Concentration Application
1 NK-1 100 ppm T1
2 NK-2 200 ppm T2
3 NK-3 300 ppm T3
4 NK-4 400 ppm T4
5 NK-5 500 ppm T5
6 Urea potash (Conventional) 10 gm T6
7 Water Control/ Blank T7

Table 2: Liquid nano fertilizer PK application details

S. No. Fertilizer Concentration Application
1 PK-1 100 ppm T1
2 PK-2 200 ppm T2
3 PK-3 300 ppm T3
4 PK-4 400 ppm T4
5 PK-5 500 ppm T5
6 Potash Phosphate (Conventional) 10 gm T6
7 Water Control/ Blank T7

Application Timing: Different concentrations of the NK liquid nano fertilizer (Table 3) and PK liquid nano fertilizer (Table 4) were applied at different stages of crop life including early vegetative, tillering stage, panicle initiation and flowering stage. Foliar application is carried out either during early morning or in the late evening.

Table 3 : NK liquid nano fertilizer foliar application stages

S. No. NF Conc. (ppm) Rice plant stages NF Application Details (ml/lit)
1 NK-1 100 early vegetative 2
tillering 2
panicle initiation 2
Flowering stage 2
2 NK-2 200 early vegetative 2
tillering 2
panicle initiation 2
Flowering stage 2
3 NK-3 300 early vegetative 2
tillering 2
panicle initiation 2
Flowering stage 2
4 NK-4 400 early vegetative 2
tillering 2
panicle initiation 2
Flowering stage 2
5 NK-5 500 early vegetative 2
tillering 2
panicle initiation 2
Flowering stage 2
6 Conventional Urea potash 13-0-45 early vegetative 10 g
tillering 10 g
panicle initiation 10 g
Flowering stage 10 g
7 Control/Blank/ water - early vegetative 0
tillering 0
panicle initiation 0
Flowering stage 0

Table 4: Liquid nano fertilizer PK foliar application stages

S.No NF details NF Application Conc. (ppm) Rice plant stages NF Application Details(ml/lit)
1 PK-1 100 early vegetative 2
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
2 PK-2 200 early vegetative 2
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
3 PK-3 300 early vegetative 2
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
4 PK-4 400 early vegetative 2
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
5 PK-5 500 early vegetative 2
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
6 Conventional potassium phosphate 0-52-32 early vegetative 10 g
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage
7 Control/Blank/ water - early vegetative 0
tillering
panicle initiation
Flowering stage

Application Frequency: Application of fertilizers was based on the crop needs and the fertilizer's instructions. Too frequent application leads to nutrient excess.

Field Trials: A small-scale field trial was conducted (Fig. 6) to assess the impact of the nano liquid foliar fertilizer on rice plants. After application of foliar sprays at different growth stages of the crop life and various parameters including plant growth, yield, and signs of stress were monitored (Table 5, 6, 7 and 6).

Table 5: Plant growth, yield, and any signs of stress- nano fertilizer NK

S. No. NF details NF Application Conc.
Plant stages Initial plant count Final plant / tillers count
1 NK-1 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
2 NK-2 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
3 NK-3 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
4 NK-4 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
5 NK-5 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
6 Conventional Urea potash 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
7 Control/Blank/ water 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 20
panicle initiation 20 30
Flowering stage 30 30

Table 6: Plant growth, yield, and any signs of stress- nano fertilizer PK

S. No. NF details NF Application Conc.
Plant stages Initial plant count Final plant / Tillers count
1 PK-1 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
2 PK-2 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
3 PK-3 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
4 PK-4 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
5 PK-5 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
6 Conventional Urea potash 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 45
panicle initiation 45 50
Flowering stage 50 50
7 Control/Blank/ water 2 (ml/lit) early vegetative 4 4
tillering 4 20
panicle initiation 20 30
Flowering stage 30 30

Nutrient Uptake and Efficiency: Evaluated the efficiency of nutrient uptake by analyzing nutrient levels in plant tissues by assessing the nutrient uptake levels in plants groups which received the liquid fertilizers against the plants group which received the conventional fertilizers (Fig. 7 and 8).

Table 7: Leaf weight in different NK treatments

S. No. NF Details Leafe weight gm UV- Adsorption value (nm)
1 NK- T1 0.6 2.6104
2 NK-T2 0.6 2.8412
3 NK-T3 0.6 2.2518
4 NK-T4 0.6 2.8159
5 NK-T5 0.6 2.6135
6 NK-T6 0.6 2.5038
7 NK-T7 0.6 1.1481

Table 8: Leaf weight in different PK treatments

S. No. NF Details Leafe weight gm UV- Adsorption value (nm)
1 PK- T1 0.6 2.8995
2 PK-T2 0.6 2.4748
3 PK-T3 0.6 2.5793
4 PK-T4 0.6 3.0048
5 PK-T5 0.6 2.5922
6 PK-T6 0.6 2.2134
7 PK-T7 0.6 1.6519

Crop Response and Health: Overall crop response, including factors like leaf color, plant height, and disease resistance were assessed and monitored for any adverse effects. The plant groups which received different concentrations of NK and PK liquid nano fertilizer were as good as the plant group which received conventional fertilizer. No adverse effects were noticed in any of these plant groups which received the liquid fertilizers compared to the group with conventional fertilizer.

Yield and Quality Analysis: Rice yield and quality parameters such as grain size, weight, and milling quality were measured to determine the impact of the nano foliar fertilizer on final product quality. There were no difference in the yield in the plant groups which received the liquid fertilizers compared to the plant groups which received conventional fertilizers as the nutrient (Fig. 9).

Economic Viability: The economic aspects of using nano liquid foliar fertilizer are analyzed, considering factors like cost, yield increase, and return on investment it is found that nano liquid fertilizers are cost effective and offers better economic benefits compared to conventional fertilizers.

Environmental Impact: In addition to the above the environmental impact of nano liquid foliar fertilizers, including potential runoff and effects on soil and water quality are very less compared to conventional fertilizers.

It is thus possible for the present advancement to provide for the advanced silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex liquid fertilizer which is eco- friendly and works as an effective fertilizer applicable to large scale farming, hydroponics, horticulture and more importantly space restricted gardens with enhanced yield. Considering the effect of nano liquid fertilizers on plant growth, yield, economic benefits and environmental impact it is concluded that the nano liquid fertilizers in accordance to the present invention are highly recommended for farmers.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:

1. An eco-friendly nano complex based liquid fertilizer including silica-potassium carbamide nano complex with silica -potassium bound to carbamide and sourced from
iv) silicon dioxide 0.01 to 50 wt %;
v) potassium salt liquor 0.01 to 50 wt %;
vi) Carbamide solution 5 to 50 wt %;
said silica potassium carbamide nanocomplex having grain size of 15 to 50 nm providing for yield free of any adverse effect on soil fertility.
2. The eco-friendly nano complex based liquid fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein said silica-potassium carbamide nano complex is sourced from
i. said silicon dioxide 25-35 wt %;
ii. potassium salt liquor 20-30 wt %;
iii. fertilizer solution including carbamide solution 20- 30 wt %;
with said fertilizer carbamide solution bound onto the silica potassium surface as silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex having size of about 20 nm which is foliar sprayable.
3. The eco-friendly nano complex based liquid fertilizer as claimed in anyone of claims 1 or 2 in foliar sprayable form synergistically co-acting as a foliar spray on different stages of crop life at a concentration much lower than the conventional fertilizer (250 ml of nano-size complex fertilizer equal to 50 kg of conventional granular fertilizer) with insignificant difference in the yield and free of any adverse effect compared to the conventional fertilizer.
4. The eco-friendly nano complex based liquid fertilizer as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 3 comprising said silica-potassium carbamide nano complex alongwith micro non-carbamide plant nutrients 25 to 30 % by wt and /or micro carbamide containing compounds in amounts of 20 to 30 % by wt. contains grains having size in the range of 20-50 nm at concentration level of 10 to 15 %.
5. A process for the preparation of eco-friendly nano complex based liquid fertilizer as claimed in claims 1 to 4 comprising:
i) providing 0.01 to 50 wt % silicon dioxide;
ii) providing 0.01 to 50 wt % potassium salt liquor;
iii) providing 5 to 50 wt % carbamide solution;
iv) generating potassium-silica base followed by
iv) complexing the thus generated potassium-silica base with carbamide solution at select temperature of 25-80 0C with continuous stirring at 975 to 1025 preferably at 1000 RPM for 4.5 to 5.5 preferably at 5 hrs to thereby produce said nano silica potassium carbamide complex as a liquid.

6. The process for preparation as claimed in claim 5
wherein generating said potassium-silica base involves the steps of:
i) providing Potassium liquor by dissolving 35-50 wt % of potassium salt in distilled water with continuous stirring for 50 min to 1 hr 10 min preferably about 1 hr at 1000 rpm at 15-20 0 C temperature;
ii) mixing silica with said Potassium liquor to form silica potassium liquor at room temperature.

7. The process for preparation of nano liquid complex fertilizer as claimed in anyone of claims 5 or 6 wherein binding said potassium-silica base with carbamide solution involves:
a. providing Carbamide liquor by dissolving 35-50 wt % of Carbamide salt in distilled water at room temperature under continuous stirring at 500 to 1000 rpm for 2 hour;

b) adding said carbamide liquor to said potassium-silica base surface at 25 to 80 oC with continuous stirring for 4.5 to 5.5 preferably 5 hours at 975 to 1025 preferably 1000 rpm, and producing therefrom said liquid silica-potassium carbamide nanocomplex as foliar spray suitable for spraying on the plants at desired concentration benefitting the availability of NH4+ and K+ ion absorption through the stomata of plants including via delayed hydroxylation of the nano silica potassium carbamide liquid complex, and thereby reduce NH3 volatilization causing further increase in the yield of the crop with reduced production of greenhouse gases, namely, N2O and CH4.

Dated this the 18th day of December, 2023 Anjan Sen
of Anjan Sen and Associates
(Applicants Agent)
IN/PA-199