NANOPARTICLE DOPED VERTICALLY ALIGNED LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to liquid crystal display devices, and more
specifically, to a method for forming vertically aligned liquid crystal display devices.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in
understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD televisions, computer monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage.
[0004] The most universally accepted application of Liquid crystal (LC) technology is
in the LCD based devices. The fabrication of LCDs principally depends on the alignment and interaction of LC molecules and presently, to fabricate without alignment flexible LCDs is the major problem. In prior-art two approaches preferred for the alignment of LCs: homogenous alignment (HA) and vertical alignment (VA), where the easy axis of a nematic director aligned in the plane of a surface or normal to a surface, respectively. Among these the more focused alignment for the fabrication of LCDs was VA of LCs. Number of contact and non-contact techniques such as the oblique evaporation, photo-alignment, stacked Langmuir-Blodgett films and ion beam alignment technique have been carried out for the VA of nematic LCs on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Recently, the work on the surface of multi-layered nanoparticles (NPs) (opal crystals) resulted in VA of LC was reported, which was originated from the surface topography of opal crystals.
[0005] However in prior-art, to achieve a VA on other inorganic oxide layers is very
difficult, the deposition rates of inorganic films are low and take much time in deposition. Further, in the prior-art such as the contact technique, rubbed polyimide (PI) that can promote vertical LC alignment is widely used for large-area treatment and mass production but rubbing with a cloth initiates an electrostatic charge, scratches and particle generation issues make

difficult to attain proper LC alignment. Furthermore, PI alignment layers requires large amount of solvent and high temperature operation, which has negative consequence with integrated circuits of the LCDs. Additionally, the polymer-type alignment layer has further problems such as long process time, low yield and high cost. Therefore, an easy process that can improve these hindrances and give VA of LC with good quality LCDs are required. Moreover, in the prior-art the manufacturing process of the LCD formation is toxic by-products during PI processing and harmful to the environment
[0006] Therefore, there exists a need of an efficient, effective and improved a method
for forming vertically aligned LCD devices. Further, there is a need of an environment friendly, less expensive and easy manufacturing process of vertically aligned LCD device formation.
SUMMARY
[0007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified
form to be further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] The present disclosure relates to liquid crystal display devices, and more
specifically, to a method for forming vertically aligned liquid crystal display devices.
[0009] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD). The
LCD includes two Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates sandwiching mixture comprising pre¬
determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped nematic liquid crystal
(LC) having any or a combination of a positive and a negative dielectric anisotropy.
[0010] In an aspect, the two ITO substrates may be selected from any or a combination
of non-treated substrates, non-inducer substrates or non-alignment substrates.
[0011] In an aspect, the LCD may comprise at least two glass substrates coated with
the two ITO substrates.
[0012] In an aspect, the two ITO substrates may be separated by a gap of about 3.5 um
to 10 um, and the two ITO substrates may be separated with said gap, and LC mixture may be filled within the gap.
[0013] In an aspect, the two ITO substrates may be uniformly separated by a pre-
determined gap.
[0014] In an aspect, the LCD may be vertically aligned.
[0015] In an aspect, ZnO NPs doped LC mixture may be filled between the two ITO
substrates using a capillary action.

[0016] In an aspect, the nematic LCs may be vertically aligned to the two ITO
substrates.
[0017] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method of a liquid
crystal display (LCD). The method includes the followings steps: forming a mixture of a
plurality of Zinc Oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles ( NPs) doped nematic liquid crystal ( LC ) of a
positive or a negative dielectric anisotropy, and sandwiching the mixture between two ITO
substrates
[0018] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will
become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments,
along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like features.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of
the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The
drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the
description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
[0020] In the figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference
label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the
reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only
the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of
the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second
reference label.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary 3D view of a liquid crystal display (LCD), in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrates an exemplary views of a LCD, in accordance with
an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to
provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.

[0025] If the specification states a component or feature "may", "can", "could", or
"might" be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0026] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the
meaning of "a," "an," and "the" includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0027] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a
shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. "such as") provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0028] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed
herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.
[0029] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, all statements herein reciting embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future (i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure).

[0030] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used in a
claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0031] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for forming vertically
aligned LCD devices. The method for forming vertically aligned LC device incorporates the use of ITO substrate, ZnO NPs doped nematic LC of either positive or negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein the NPs doped LC layer or the cell gap is set uniformly of about 3.5 to 10 urn, and a capillary action is performed to form the NPs doped LCs' layer in between the ITO coated glass substrates.
[0032] In an aspect, for the formation of vertically aligned LC device, no surface
treatment needs to be given to the ITO substrate and no inducer/alignment layer was used.
[0033] In an aspect, the display device has good stability, higher transmittance and
faster response with better contrast, which are comparable to commercialized VA devices.
[0034] The proposed invention provides a vertically aligned LCD device formation.
The LCD device formation can include ITO substrate, ZnO NPs doped nematic LC of either positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.
[0035] In the present vertically aligned LC device no surface treatment is given to ITO
substrate as well as no inducer/alignment layer is used. Numbers of test cells by using NPs doped LC-ITO glass substrates can be fabricated; however the NPs doped LC layer/cell gap can be set uniformly of about 3.5 to 10 um. NPs doped LCs' layer can be formed in between the ITO coated glass substrates using capillary action. In the prepared cell, nematic LCs can be vertically aligned to the ITO substrates. The proposed device can have good stability, higher transmittance and fast response with better contrast, which are comparable to commercialized VA devices. Thus, it can be observed that the proposed device can be inexpensive and reduced the process of formation.
[0036] An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a LCD. The LCD can
include two ITO substrates. The two ITO substrates can sandwich a mixture having of a
plurality of ZnO NPs doped nematic LC of a positive or a negative dielectric anisotropy.
[0037] In the present invention, reduced the process of formation with an easy
manufacturing process. The present invention is less expensive in the process and has no complex issues. The present invention is environment friendly, as the toxic by-products during polyimide processing are harmful to the environment.

[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary 3D view of a liquid crystal display-(LCD), in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] In an embodiment, The LCD 100 can include two Indium tin oxide (ITO) layers
(104-1 and 104-2). The two ITO layers (104-1 and 104-2) can be sandwiching a mixture of
pre-determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (106) doped nematic
liquid crystal (LC) (108) having any or a combination of a positive and a negative dielectric
anisotropy.
[0040] In an embodiment, the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates can be selected from
any or a combination of non-treated substrates, non-inducer substrates, non-alignment
substrates, and the likes.
[0041] In another embodiment, the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) layers can be coated on two
glass substrate (102-1, 102-2).
[0042] In an embodiment, thickness of each of the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates
can be between 3.5 um to 10 um. In another embodiment, the two ITO (104-1, 104-2)
substrates can be uniformly separated by a pre-determined gap.
[0043] In an embodiment, the LCD (100) can be a vertically aligned liquid crystal (LC)
display.
[0044] In an embodiment, the mixture, which may be including pre-determined
composition of ZnO NPs (106) doped nematic LC (108) having any or a combination of a
positive and a negative dielectric anisotropy, can be sandwiched between the two ITO (104-1,
104-2) substrates using a capillary action.
[0045] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrates an exemplary views of a LCD, in accordance with
an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0046] In an embodiment, FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary front view of the LCD 100.
In another embodiment, FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary side view of the LCD 100.
[0047] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0048] In an embodiment, the flow diagram includes a step 302 of forming a mixture
having pre-determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped nematic
liquid crystal (LC) of a positive or a negative dielectric anisotropy.
[0049] In an embodiment, the flow diagram includes a step 304 of sandwiching the
mixture between the two Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates.
[0050] While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been set forth for the
purpose of disclosure, modifications of the disclosed embodiment of the invention as well as

other embodiments thereof may occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to cover all embodiments, which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.
[0051] The foregoing object, features and advantages will be able to easily carry out
self-technical features of the present invention one of ordinary skill in the art are described later in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, accordingly. If the detailed description of the known art related to the invention. In the following description of the present invention that are determined to unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, and detailed description thereof will not be given. It will be described in the following, a preferred embodiment according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, for example, in detail. Like reference numerals in the drawings it is used to refer to same or similar elements.
[0052] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications
besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C ... .and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein

have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We Claim:

1. A liquid crystal display (LCD) (100) comprising:
two Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (104-1, 104-2) sandwiching a mixture comprising pre-determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (106) doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) (108) having any or a combination of a positive and a negative dielectric anisotropy.
2. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates are selected from any or a combination of non-treated substrates, non-inducer substrates and non-alignment substrates.
3. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LCD comprises two glass substrates (102-1, 102-2) coated with the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates.
4. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein thickness of each of the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates is between 3.5 um to 10 um.
5. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates are uniformly separated by a pre-determined gap.
6. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LCD (100) is a vertically aligned liquid crystal (LC) display.
7. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture, comprising pre-determined composition of ZnO NPs (106) doped nematic LC (108) having any or a combination of a positive and a negative dielectric anisotropy, is sandwiched between the two ITO (104-1, 104-2) substrates using a capillary action.
8. The LCD (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nematic LC are vertically aligned to the two ITO substrates (104-1, 104-2).
9. An electronically modulated optical device comprising a liquid crystal display (LCD) comprising:
two Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (104-1, 104-2) sandwiching a mixture comprising pre-determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (106) doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) (108) having any or a combination of a positive and a negative dielectric anisotropy.
10. A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display (LCD), the manufacturing method
comprising:

forming (302) a mixture comprising pre-determined composition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) of a positive or a negative dielectric anisotropy;
sandwiching (304) the mixture between two Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates.