FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
Title of Invention
Nanostructure composite fertilizers manufacturing process, its formulations
and applications
Applicant
RAY NANO SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CENTRE LLP, (PLOT NO. 7 & 8 VITHAL
UDHYOG NAGAR GIDC, ANAND, 388121)
The following specification particularly describes the nature of invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed.
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Nanostructure composite fertilizers manufacturing process, its formulations
and applications
Field of the Invention:
People and therefore populations are at the centre of sustainable development and will be influential in5
the realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China (1.4 billion) and India (1.3
billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world, comprising 19 and 18 per cent of the
global total, respectively. The world’s population is projected to increase by slightly more than one
billion people over the next 13 years, reaching 8.6 billion in 2030, and to increase further to 9.8 billion
in 2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100.10
According to an estimate, there are <1.8 billion people who relies directly on plant-based food for their
daily energy requirement. Rest of world population is indirectly dependent on plants as most consumed
animals eat plants or their products as their food. In January 2022, Google revealed that searches for
"vegan food near me" have dramatically increased in 2021 and attributed it to "breakthrough status",
meaning it increased by 5,000 percent or more indicating the rising popularity of vegan diets. Therefore,15
need of plant-based food will see exponential increase in demand in coming years. Therefore, it is
important to develop and adopt sustainable practices wherein adequate food can be produced while
minimizing the environmental impact of less efficient fertilizers.
Plants require seventeen elements in sufficient available quantity to complete their life cycle. Among
these elements, nitrogen is the most important growth limiting element which is required by plants in20
large quantity compared to other elements. Nitrogen is a principal nutrient for food, biomass and fibre
production in agriculture. It is one of the most important elements in fertilizers in view of the energy
required for its synthesis, usage and monetary value. It is well documented that the nitrogen use
efficiency is very less which makes it more challenging to meet the global requirement. Various
mechanisms like leaching in form of water-soluble nitrates, emission of gaseous ammonia and nitrogen25
oxides, and long-term incorporation of mineral nitrogen into soil organic matter by soil micro-
organisms accounts for reduction in efficiency. For several decades, researchers have tried to enhance
the use efficiency by adopting newer technologies and developing novel coated products but none of
these strategies found effective in controlling the loss of nutrients.
To improve the nutrient use efficiency, alternative smart agri-inputs based on the concepts of advanced30
chemical engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, polymer science are being developed for the slow
release of nutrient in the soil. The present invention provides development technology where we have
synthesised nanostructure composite fertilizer, for the targeted management of the plant nutrient. Nano
fertilizer is more effective than conventional fertilizer as it increases the soil fertility, crop yield and
quality, it is also non-toxic and eco-friendly to humans and the environment. This also significantly35
reduces the excessive use of agrochemicals and reduces soil pollution.
Background of the Invention and Prior Art:
Agriculture is the major source of livelihood in India about 58-59% of its population depends on this
sector5. As the population is increasing exponentially more pressure is generated to this sector to provide40
nutritious food. With the introduction of nutrient responsive crop varieties leading to “Green
Revolution”, India has become self-sufficient in grain production and the chemical fertilizers are
considered to be an important addition to modern crop production systems. However, due to excessive
usage of chemicals such as fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides, a threat to soil ecology, destruction
in symbiotic microorganism living in the soil leading to reduction in soil fertility has also increased45
P a g e 3 | 18
causing severe environmental pollution and climate change6. Nanotechnology, which uses
nanomaterials less than 100 nm in size, can provide an unprecedented opportunity to create concentrated
plant nutrients with high levels of absorption, efficiency, and minimal loss. Nano fertilizers are prepared
by incorporating plant nutrients in the form of nanomaterials, using a small amount of nanomaterial
coating on plant nutrients, and delivering in the forms of nanoemulsions1. Among the mineral nutrients,50
nitrogen in the form of urea is the first and most important nutrient applied to plants. Nitrogen plays a
key role in plant life cycle as it is a source of chlorophyll and many proteins and enzymes. Nitrogen is
abundant in the atmosphere which is not available to plants. It is absorbed by plants in the form of
nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺). Nitrogen is lost through nitrate leaching processes, denitrification
and ammonia volatilization. Loss of mineral nutrients through leaching and surface and groundwater55
flows and high wind intensity is causing growing concern due to economic losses and soil pollution7.
Nano encapsulation also provided encouraging results to improve fertilizer efficiency with significant
reductions inactive ingredients.
Nano fertilizers have potential to improve their nutrient efficacy due to the high concentration of60
nutrients and small amounts of nanomaterials that increase the surface contact of nutrients. As well as
increasing crop yields continuously, nano fertilizers capture the ability to overcome the pollution caused
by commercial fertilizers8.
The process of manufacturing any chemical fertilizers leads to effluent generation which includes65
disposal in form of sludge and/or liquid and/or gaseous waste. Therefore, there is a need to develop to
green chemistry synthesis procedure to overcome various environmental issues. The present novel nano
product utilizes the raw material in its native form followed by coating of polymers and thereby
overcoming environmental hazards caused by effluent waste.
70
Slow extraction fertilizers (chemical compounds with low solubility in water or other solvents and then
dissolved slowly and slowly by the soil of microorganisms) combined with nanoparticles significantly
reduce nitrate leaching and denitrification. Fundamentally slow extraction fertilizers control materials
that significantly reduce the active ingredient exposure and solubility resulting in controlled release of
nutrients by dispersion. Hence, by excessive usage of conventional bulk fertilizers leading to75
acidification in the soil9, can be avoided.
Prior Art Statement
CN1485303A - Nano urea and its preparing process, which was a nanometer grade carbamide.80
Nanometer urea of the said invention can delay hydrolysis of urea, improve the adsorption state NH4+
or in the soil owing to be used as urease inhibitors quinhydrones and nitrification inhibitor calcium
cyanamide in its prescription NH4+ amount, inhibition NH4+ Oxidation, minimizing NH3 volatilization
and N2O and CH4 discharging can increase the nitrogen adsorptive capacity of crop, thereby improve
the output of farm crop. However, the invention was not proven to be as effective as said. Additionally,85
the toxicity reports were also not observed.
CN101505808A – “Dispersions of nanoureas containing active ingredients” - method for preparing the
water nano urea dispersion that contains reactive compound, wherein: polyisocyanates by hydrophyling
reacts in aqueous medium and forms urea structure-NH-C (O)-NH-and form the nanometer urea. The90
objective of the invention is to make the plastic matrix compatible to utilize with reactive compound,
can make coating and material and moldings material thus, it is in check release characteristics that
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described material list reveals "controlled release behavior", randomly postpones to discharge in a
period of time. Hence the invention made to prepare nanoureas which discharge at randomly postpones
relates to management for timing of fertilizers to be given to crops. Additionally, this application is not95
useful for the all kinds of the crops.
WO2009121501A2 - Particles, obtained by drying an aqueous nanourea dispersion: obtained an
aqueous polyurea dispersion of crosslinked nanourea particles by drying for the production of
cosmetics. The preparation of the invention is related to the problem statement of the cosmetics prepared100
with use of the crosslinked nano urea material which does not have any application in the agriculture
field. Also, the stability of the material formed with the process is if used with the aqueous media in not
confirmed.
IN202122043098 “A method of manufacturing of nano urea using urea for slow release, enhanced105
utilization by the plants and application thereof” in the present invention discloses the method of
manufacturing Nano Urea using urea and or ammonia as precursor in the form of solid, liquid or aerosol.
The bottom-up fabrication approach allows the size and other nanoscale properties controlled stable
clusters using organic (oligo and polymer units) substrates. From the agrochemical perspective, Nano
Urea can be applied to plants by foliar application, root drenching or by amending with soil. The said110
invention is prepared by use of oligosaccharides whereas the present invention differs in nano carrier
and the manufacturing process.
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Objective of the Invention115
The main objective of the present invention is to provide nitrogen to plant with use of nanostructure
composite fertilizer which will be eco-friendly, cost effective, with no or minimal pollution, utilizing
maximum amount of urea of composite with reduced wastage of urea, includes single solution for all
plant growth nutrition.
120
Another objective of the present invention is to provide slow-release formulation of nitrogen and its
manufacturing process which will increase soil fertility and plant growth as the required nitrogen
content is released slowly with embodiment of urea in nano-colloid form.
Another objective of the described invention is to have formulation of the nanostructure composite125
fertilizer with its liquefied and solid granular forms which will have ease of utilization of the fertilizer
by the farmers.
Another objective of the present invention is the focus on the environmental safety and no wastage ~
green chemistry process for the manufacturing of the fertilizers.130
Another objective of the present invention is to develop non-toxic, environmentally friendly nano
fertilizer.
Another objective of the present investigation is to assess the efficacy of the developed nano fertilizer
for its usage as nitrogen fertilizer.135
Another objective of the present investigation is to study the effects of developed nano fertilizer on
plants, soil, model animals and/or cell lines for its toxicity assessment.
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140
Brief Description of Drawing
Fig.1 Stagewise process of Nano Urea formulation (Representative flow diagram only);
Fig.2 Flow chart explains in detail about the manufacturing process
DESC:In this present invention, we have discussed a method for manufacturing nanostructure composite as a nano fertilizer for an agriculture application, nanostructure composite fertilizer is manufactured from commercially available urea as a raw material.

Plants require 17 essential elements for optimum growth and development of which nitrogen (N) is required in large quantities as it is a major component of amino acids, which link together to form proteins and also it is a component of protoplasts and enzymes. Plants take up N from the soil as NH4+ (ammonium) or NO3- (nitrate). A typical plant contains 1.5% nitrogen on a dry weight basis, but this can range from 0.5% for a woody plant to up to 5.0% for a legume.
Over the decades, urea is predominately the preferred source of fertilizer for providing nitrogen to plants; however, it is lost to the environment by processes such as leaching, volatilization and denitrification. By 2050, it is estimated that only in India, there will be around >150 millions of tons per year rise in urea demands every year which will have a huge impact on nation foreign exchange coupled with severe environmental damage10. Imbalanced and injudicious application of urea is a matter of grave concern. Farmers have been called upon to reduce urea consumption by at least 25% for better environmental quality and their own profitability. Reducing or eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers for the crops has attracted lots of attention in recent years.

Generally, commercially available urea was first produced by the hydration of calcium cyanamide later it is industrially produced from ammonia and carbon dioxide, amongst all other nutrients Nitrogen is the major component of chlorophyll, essential for the photosynthesis process.
CO2 + 2NH3 ? NH2COONH4 (?H= -117kJ/mol at 110 atm and 160°C).
The main embodiment of the present invention provides commercially available urea is used as a precursor for nanostructure composite fertilizer manufacturing. Concentrated aqueous urea solution is prepared either with deionized water or organic solvent or a combination of both. To speed up the dissolution process urea granules are crushed down to submicron size particles using mechanical grinding at the initial stage of manufacturing.
Nano formulation of nitrogen is a novel macronutrient fertilizer for providing nitrogen to crops which can lead to reduction in usage and dosage of conventional urea fertilizers. Precision and targeted application of nitrogen through foliar application of nano nitrogen reduces urea losses; increases nutrient uptake efficiency; and addresses environmental issues of soil, air and water pollution. It results in better crop harvest with lesser nitrogen application per unit area thus, leading to better farm economics and may increase the socio-economic status of farmers.
In the said invention embodiment contains the formulation process where the solid urea granules or powder were added to water for aqueous solution is preparation in specific temperature conditions ranges from 18°C to 45°C for appropriate time of 3-8 hrs and other specific agitation processing conditions. The urea molecules are then grown and capped with modified water-soluble cellulosic material and further treated with water soluble polymers. For fine particle size distribution of the ingredients high pressure homogenization and/or ultrasonic treatment is given to the colloidal solution. The added capping agent as well as slow-release agent for nanoparticles also control the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles. Such urea-based Nitrogen nanostructure manufactured with this technique works on the mechanism of the slow-release process.
The concept of the green chemistry can be understood by its basic definition, approach in chemical sciences that efficiently uses renewable raw materials, eliminating waste and avoiding the use of toxic and hazardous reagents and solvents in the manufacture and application of chemical products11. Green chemistry takes into account the environmental impact and seeks to prevent or lessen that impact through several key principles.
Nano urea formulation complies to green chemistry principles as discussed below:
Sr. No. Principle Claims Justification for the process
1 Waster prevention Zero waste process Nano urea synthesis procedure is a eco-friendly method wherein the raw material i.e. commercial technical grade urea is converted into novel nano formulation using coating and stabilizing agents to prevent waste generation and thereby overcoming the need to treat and/or dispose of byproducts after the reaction.
2 Atom economy Zero degradation of reactant Nano urea synthesis is partial/semi-partial/fully saturated solution of urea wherein >90% of the urea molecules is converted into desired products at the end of reaction. Therefore, the process is highly atom economical wherein atomic weight of nano urea product is approximately same as its urea substrate.
3 Less Hazardous Chemical Systems 100% hazard free both in vitro and in vivo. Nano urea synthesis starts with dissolving the substrates in closed container and gradually mixing these reactants in a defined sequence for a specific time and temperature. The synthesis procedure is fully automatic system wherein minimum involvement of human is required.
4 Designing Safer Chemicals 100% safe both in vitro and in vivo Nano urea is safe to use as reveals by the in vitro test on human cells for assessing its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. For e.g. test conducted on wheat and potato plants wherein nano urea foliar applied produce wheat grains and potatoes is found safe to consume.
5 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries 100% solvent and auxiliaries free Nano urea synthesis involves on water as a dispersant and does not involve harmful solvents and other similar toxic chemicals which leads to environmental issue. Therefore, the process is 100% safe and environment friendly.
6 Design for Energy Efficiency Energy efficient Nano urea synthesis requires only intermittent mixing for a defined time (mins) and temperature (<100°C) thereby complies to principle i.e., energy efficient procedure.
7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks Comply Nano urea synthesis involves polymer which are non toxic, biodegradable as well as renewable thereby utilizing minimum non-renewable resources.
8 Reduce Derivatives Comply Nano urea synthesis is a simple procedure wherein coating of urea molecules is carried out by mixing and therefore there is no excessive derivatization involved in synthesis.
9 Catalysis Not applicable Nano urea synthesis is a unique process were traditional coating of polymer tray urea molecule through natural bonding mechanism using traditional mixing, filtering and physical reduction of size using sonication and/or speed and/or pressure homogenization for size reduction.
10 Design for Degradation Biodegradable and non-toxic Nano urea product contains all the raw material which are safe to use and non-toxic and biodegradable in nature.
11 Real-Time Analysis for Pollution Prevention Comply Nano urea is tested on microbes, plants and animals for its potential to cause cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in tested cultures. All the test report suggest that the novel nano urea is safe to use and have immense potential to be utilized as a nano fertilizer.
12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention Comply Nano urea is a unique product were all the raw material are safe for animals, plants, microbes and also workers and end users (farmers, growers). The inhalation test report of nano urea suggest it is safe to use.

In the invention we have tried two different formulations for the fertilizers:
1. Liquid: In the first process the aqueous solution of urea is prepared in specific temperature conditions ranges from 18°C to 45°C for appropriate time of 3-8 hrs. and other specific agitation processing conditions. During this process water soluble cellulosic material added and combines with urea molecules to grow further to this water-soluble polymer is added act as capping agent as well as slow-release agent for nanoparticles also control the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles, As the reaction moves forward urea nanostructure manufactured with this technique works on the mechanism of the slow-release process.
2.Powder: Nanostructure composite fertilizers formed as powder with the use of lyophilization process where the composite liquid solution formed as per said process 1 lyophilized with liophilizers at -60 to -78°C, once the first process is complete the solution is sent for Lyophilization or freeze drying at -50 to -25 °C. The solid particles obtained are further mechanically pulverized / milled to break the agglomeration. The nanocomposite-powder formed during this process can also be used directly as solid fertilizers in granular form and also can be dispersed in water for its use in drip irrigation as water soluble fertilizer or can be used as foliar spray using sprinkles/pump. This drying procedure is advised only in case where drip irrigation is preferred over foliar spray.
To increase the nutrient use efficiency of nitrogen, the liquid formulation holds great potential to reduce the environmental hazards. Therefore, the liquid formulation was further investigated on plants, soil, animals and/or cell lines for its growth stimulatory effects on plants and toxicity assessment on environment.
As shown in Fig 2. There are three stages of the formulation, stage wise interaction of ingredients utilized in the “Ray Nano Urea Fertilizers” ™ formulation is shown below:
Test results of some trials have been shown below.

1. First Stage: Characterization tests:
Parameter Unit Test method Test Results + MU
Total Nitrogen percentage by weight % Standard method 4.6 0.24
Hydrodynamic Particle size by DLS Nm Standard method 75.5 1.26
Zeta Potential mV Standard method -26.94 0.54
Viscosity CPS Standard method 6.24 0.42
pH --- Standard method 7.06 0.09

2. Second Stage: Characterization tests:
Parameter Unit Test method Test Results + MU
Total Nitrogen percentage by weight % Standard method 4.22 0.29
Hydrodynamic Particle size by DLS Nm Standard method 70.7 1.19
Zeta Potential mV Standard method -33.7 0.52
Viscosity CPS Standard method 5.97 0.42
pH --- Standard method 6.78 0.07

3. Third Stage (Final Stage): Characterization tests:
Parameter Unit Test method Test Results + MU
Total Nitrogen percentage by weight % Standard method 4.41 0.3
Hydrodynamic Particle size by DLS Nm Standard method 54.2 1.2
Zeta Potential mV Standard method -36.42 0.56
Viscosity CPS Standard method 6.16 0.44
pH --- Standard method 6.97 0.08

The formulation made by detailed method as liquid formulation which was checked on the TEM for its particle size shown below:

Potential of nano urea formulation
Nano materials can increase crop yields by increasing the availability of fertilizer in the soil and the absorption of nutrients from plants. These substances can suppress plant diseases by acting directly on phytopathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of active oxygen species. Nano fertilizer applied to the soil or leaves foliar application can be done during unfavorable soil and weather conditions, in addition, it promotes direct entry of nutrients into the plant system, thereby reducing wastage of fertilizer.

The uniqueness of the developed nano urea formulation is its detailed investigation for claiming its potential in form of nano fertilizer for its effective utilization to replace/reduce commercial urea fertilizer. Nano urea developed is safe to human, soil, plants as well as animal. All the test were conducted as per the OECD guidelines in certified laboratory.
1. Effect of nano urea formulation on plants
Effectiveness of nano urea as a potential fertilizer replacement is assessed on field trial carried out at Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand, Gujarat, India using wheat as a model crop. However, the claimed efficacy is not limited to wheat crop and can be applied on any crops as a source of nitrogen.
Experimental Information:
1. Title of the experiment : Study on efficacy of nano nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and nutrients content in wheat
2. Location : Field experiment at:
1. Regional Research Station, AAU, Anand, Gujarat, India
2. Agricultural Research Station for Irrigated Crops, AAU, Thasra, Gujarat, India
3 Objectives 1. To study the effect of Nano-Nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat
2) To study the effect of Nano-Nitrogen fertilizer on nutrients content in wheat
Treatment Details
4 Variety GW- 451
5 Plot size Gross: 3.6 x 6.0 m; Net : 2.4 x 5.0 m
6 Spacing 22.5 cm
7 Method of sowing Drilling
8 Recommended dose of fertilizers 120:60:00 NPK kg/ha
9 Treatments Details 1. Control (No Fertilizer treatment)
2. 100% RDN as per recommendation for wheat
3. 100% RDN + P-5-Nano N @ 4 mL/L dilution for foliar spray application
4. 50% RDN + P-5-Nano N @ 4 mL/L dilution for foliar spray application

10 Experimental soil Soil characteristics at both the locations
Sr. No. Parameter Surface Soil
Anand Thasra
1 Texture Loamy sand Sandy loam
2 pH2.5 (Soil:Water) 8.20 7.63
3 EC2.5 (dS/m) 0.20 0.34
4 Organic carbon (%) 0.35 0.39
5 Available P2O5 (kg/ha) 24.7 31.37
6 Available K2O (kg/ha) 339.0 248.0

11 Experimental site co-ordinates : Anand (Longitude 22°54'N, Latitude 72°97'E)
Thasra ((Longitude 22°40' N, Latitude 73°12' E)

Result of experiment:
Sr. No. Treatments Observations
(Pooled results at Anand and Thasra location)

Plant height (cm) Effective tillers Spike length
(cm) Test weight (g) Grain yield (kg/ha) Straw yield (kg/ha) N(%) in grain
1 Control (No Fertilizer treatment) 66.72 60.41 7.68 29.18 3400 4503 1.58
2 100% RDN as per recommendation 78.51 79.84 9.06 37.94 4103 5333 1.78
3 100% RDN + P-5-Nano N @ 4 mL/L dilution for foliar spray application 94.22 101.32 10.65 41.88 4844 6278 1.82
4 50% RDN + P-5-Nano N @ 4 mL/L dilution for foliar spray application 84.11 85.43 9.71 38.20 4409 5692 1.73

Interpretation:
50% RDN with foliar spray application of P-5-Nano N @ 4 mL/L has the similar effect as 100% RDN on wheat crop. Therefore, 50% nitrogen requirement by plants can be provided using novel nano nitrogen formulation.

100 % RDN at Anand
50% RDN + P-5- Nano N @ 4 mL/L

100 % RDN at Thasra
50% RDN + P-5- Nano N @ 4 mL/L

Field view of wheat crop at Anand and Thasra location
1. Effect of nano urea on cells for cytotoxicity
Sr. No. Cytotoxicity assay Cell lines / animal tested Guidelines followed Test material concentration (ul) Summary of result
1 ATP Glo Assay HUVEC GLP 0.001-10.0 Safe, does not cause decrease in number of viable cells.
2 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) Assay HUVEC OECD 129 0.001-10.0 Safe, does not cause toxicity in cultured cells.
3 LDH release assay HUVEC GLP 0.001-10.0 Safe, does not cause increase in LDH release i.e. no cellular damage.
4 MTT Tetrazolium L929 OECD 129 0.001-10.0 Safe, does not cause toxicity in cultured cells.
5 XTT Assay HUVEC OECD 129 0.001-10.0 Safe, does not have cytotoxic potential.

2. Effect of nano urea on cells for genotoxicity
Sr. No. Genotoxicity assay Cell lines / cells / animal tested Guidelines followed Test material concentration (ug) Summary of result
1 Bacterial Reverse mutation test S. typhimurium OECD 471 50,100,500,1000 and 5000 Safe, does not possess mutagenicity.
2 Mammalian Bone marrow chromosomal aberration Rat OECD 473 2222,666.7,2000 and 2000 (mg/kg) Safe, does not cause genotoxicity in rats.
3 In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test (HPRT Assay) CHO K1 Chinese hamster ovarian cells OECD 476 3.125 – 200 ul/ml Safe, treatments did not result in statistically and biologically significant dose dependent increase in mutation frequencies either in the presence or absence of rat metabolic activation system.
4 Mammalian Erythrocyte micronucleus test Mice OECD 474 50,300, 2000 mg/kg Safe, does not produce a significant increase in frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes and nor monochromatic erythrocytes in mice.

3. Safety of nano urea for human exposure
Sr. No. Test Cell lines / cells / animal tested Guidelines followed Test material concentration
(ug) Summary of result
1 Acute inhalation test Rats OECD 433 20 mg/l with flow rate of 0.25ml/min for 4 hrs Safe, does not cause any behavior changes and/or mortality.
2 Acute dermal test Rats OECD 402 2000 mg/kg Safe, does not cause any damage.

,CLAIMS:We Claims,
1. A process of manufacturing Nanostructure composite fertilizers, its formulations and applications thereof; an aqueous solution of urea prepared with agitation for 3-8 hours at 18-45°C temperature, with continuous agitation the water-soluble cellulosic material to with continuous agitation the particle of urea allowed to grow with the same solution and water-soluble added into the aqueous solution for capping, the solution was with high pressure and/or speed homogenization and/or ultrasound to get slow release nanostructure composite material in aqueous colloid form.
2. The process claimed in the claim 1, which involve eliminating of waste process hence claimed as green chemical process of manufacturing.
3. The method claimed in claim 1, where the concentration of the nitrogen in the formulation having optimum concentration and in a slow releasing process, hence consumed as maximum in efficiency of the absorption in crops.
4. The method claimed in claim 1, where the application of the formulation used as foliar spray and/or drip irrigation.
5. The method claimed in claim 1, where the formulation used as liquid formulation and/or lyophilized formulation.
6. The method claimed in claim 1, where the developed nano fertilizer formulation is an aqueous urea solution with optimum concentration of the water-soluble cellulosic material which is used as capping and stabilizing agents from either of methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose from the sources of acacia, guar gum, alginic acid, or other natural sources blended in to a way with used of the sonication and microfiltration to product where urea is capped.
7. The method claimed in claim 1, where the developed nano fertilizer formulation is an aqueous urea solution with optimum concentration of the water-soluble polymeric material which is used as slow releasing agents from either material used as either polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol irinotecan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, docetaxel, polyethylene glycol camptothecin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide blended in to a way with used of the sonication and microfiltration to product where the formed solution slow release nano fertilizer within nano scale range particle distribution.