The invention generally relates to novel natural Cellulosic fiber and its extraction method. More specifically, it pertains to natural cellulosic textile fiber from outer stem of Datura stramonium plant and a process thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Textile Industry is one of the oldest and fastest growing industry worldwide. Textile industries basically involves the usage of Synthetic fibers as well as Natural plant and animal based fibers for the manufacturing of variety of textile products. Over the years, use of Synthetic fibers such as Polyester, Nylon, Spandex etc. are receiving more popularity over natural fibers because of their better durability and cheaper manufacturing.

But synthetic fibers are usually non- biodegradable hence are major cause of environmental pollution. Also, production process of these fibers involve use of quite toxic chemicals, high amount of water and energy. These toxic chemicals cause skin irritations to the manufacturers as well as when these are discharged in water, they lead to water pollution. (trustedclothes.com/blog/2016/11/25/natural-synthetic-fabrics/)

In recent years, demand for textile products made from natural plant fiber is increasing, as natural fibers are eco-friendly. Various types of natural fibers are currently in use including;
Cotton Fiber, it is one of the most widely used and oldest natural fiber utilized in textile industry for manufacturing of clothes and other textile products. Cotton fiber is natural cellulosic fiber, having high cellulose content approximately 88-96%. Jute fiber is a lignocellulosic bast fiber comprising 64-65% cellulose content. Hemp fiber is a bast fiber with 73-75% cellulose content. Further, other types of natural plant fiber are also existing such as Pineapple fiber (66-68% cellulose content), Abaca (66-67%), Coconut (43%), Bamboo fiber (73 to 77% ) etc.

Common step used for extraction of fibre from plant parts involves process of retting.
Rettingis the basicstep for the extraction of fibers from leaves, stem and other parts of plant. The process of retting involves degradation or removal of non-fibrous material such as pectin, gum etc which acts as binding material between the fibers without damaging the cellulosic fiber. Retting causes the softening of the plant tissues and fiber binding material, hence it allows the separation of individual strands of fiber. For Fiber extraction, retting must be performed for appropriate time period, because under-retting results in incomplete removal of fiber binding material whereas over-retting degrade the quality of the Fiber. (Ref: https://www.mdpi.com/20796439/3/1/64/pdf#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20major%20fiber,in%20fiber%20affects%20fiber%20quality.)
The process of Retting can be divided into three types:
Water Retting: This type of retting process is one of the simplest retting process. In this, the bundles of plant parts such as stem or leaves are immersed in tank full of water for about 4 days to several weeks. The water penetrates within the plant cells, as a result, the inner plant cells will swell up and burst out, thus increasing the absorption of both moisture and decay-producing bacteria, which will further degrade the fiber binding material such as pectin and gum. (Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retting)
Chemical retting: Chemical retting is another type of retting, which involves the use of certain Acids and Alkalies for the degumming of the plant material. Acids such as Hydrogen sulphide, Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid etc are used for hydrolysis of lignin and hemicellulosic material. Alkali such as sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate etc to hydrolyse lignocellulosic and other degumming material. Chemical retting is usually performed for lesser duration of time and under controlled parameters because chemical retting causes deterioration and damage to the fibers.
Enzymatic retting: Enzymatic retting involves the use of enzymes such as pectinases, xylanases, cellulases etc for degumming of the fibers. But enzymes usually cause the degradation of the quality of fiber.

Drawbacks of Already existing Fibers:
Cotton fiber has high cellulose content, but cultivation of cotton plant requires a massive amount of water along with quite high amount of pesticides which are not environment friendly. Moreover, the harvesting of cotton plant is quite complex and requires proper maintenance which in result increases the overall cost of extraction and maintenance of cotton fiber and crop.
The cellulose content of other types of fibers such as jute fiber, hemp fiber, coconut fiber, abaca fiber etc. is quite low cellulose content when compared to cotton fiber. Even, the extraction of fiber from bamboo is quite complex process requiring lots of efforts.
Also, the process used for extraction of fiber from most of the plants involves the use of chemicals, enzymes and other harsh detergents, which deteriorate the quality of the fiber.

Innovative Approach by Inventors:

In order to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks of already existing natural fibers, Inventors in present invention came up with an approach of utilizing Datura stramonium plant for extraction of natural cellulosic fiber.

Datura stramonium is also known as Jimsonweed, Thorn Apple etc. It is widespread annual plant belonging to solanaceae family. It usually grows as a weed along with other summer crops such as Maize, Sunflower etc. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284403384). This plant is commonly found in tropical regions of central and South America and in warm regions of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, New Zealand etc. (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/18006).

As Datura stramonium plant wildly grow as a weed, hence cultivation and maintenance of this plant is quite easy and cost effective. Further its cultivation does not lead to any type of environmental pollution as this plant requires lesser amount of water and almost no pesticides for its growth and development. Moreover, the process used in present invention does not involves the use of any type of chemicals, detergents and other enzymes, hence the process is quite simple and ecofriendly and will also produce superior quality fiber.

Earlier Datura stramonium plant is used in medicinal industry as it possesses certain medicinal properties such as Anti-inflammatory and Anti-microbial properties, It is used as an Analgesics and antihelminthic agent, helps in stimulation of Central Nervous system, treatment of skin and dental infections etc.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621465/#:~:text=The%20seeds%20of%20Datura%20are,treat%20dandruff%20and%20falling%20hair) It is also used in paper and pulp industry for paper extraction and in textile industry for dyeing purpose. But none of the prior art patents or journals discloses the utilization of Datura stramonium plant for extraction of textile based natural cellulosic fiber.

Before going into the details of the invention, the related prior arts are stated below:

Prior art Patents

Patent Application No: US2639988A Discloses “Production of textile fibers from bast fiber material by alkaline digestion”
The above cited patent discloses a method for production of textile fibers from bast fiber. The patent discloses the process of conversion of unretted bast fibrous material into dry non cohesive fibers. The methods comprises of certain steps such as subjecting unretted fibrous material to aqueous alkali solution (5 to 15%) at temperature between 80oC to remove woody constitutes from said bast fibrous material such as flax, hemp, jute, ramie etc. Further the extracted fibers are washed with water and miscible organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, alcohol etc. And finally the removal of excess of solvents from the extracted bast fibers.

The present invention discloses a textile fibre extracted from the stem (bast fibrous material) of Datura stramonium plant. Also, the present invention does not involves the washing of extracted fiber with miscible organic solvents such as methanol or ethanol or other solvent. Also the extracted fibers are of silk like appearance.

Patent Application No. EP2158357A1 discloses “Method to remove hemicelullose from cellulosic fibers using a solution of Ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.

The above cited patent discloses a method of degumming cellulosic fibers by treating fibers with a degumming liquor that is about 5 to 30% aqueous ammonia and about 0.5 to 3% hydrogen peroxide at a temp between 50 to about 200oC. The cellulose fibers may comprises hardwoods, softwoods and bast fibers such as hemp, flax, kenaf, linseed, jute, ramie etc.
The present invention does not involve the use of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide for degumming or retting of cellulosic fibre, whereas simple method involving the use of water for the softening of the tissues of the plant and further extraction of the fiber form Datura stramonium, hence present invention differs from the above cited patent.
Patent Application No: CN101748628A discloses “Bamboo Fiber Extraction Process”
The above invention discloses a method for producing bamboo fibers by a mechanical and physical method. The process flow comprises the steps of cutting the original bamboos into small bamboo strips, carrying out rolling compaction on the bamboo strips, carrying out high- pressure steaming using high pressure autoclave and softening under certain pressure and temperature, fiber combing machine to comb the fibers, a set fiber cutting length is between 0.3 and 6mm, and then the finished product with the moisture content of lower than 8 percent is obtained by the hot air drying treatment.

The present invention discloses natural high cellulosic fiber extracted from Datura stramonium plant, whereas above cited patent involves the utilization of bamboo for fiber extraction. Also, above invention use high pressure steaming, high pressure autoclave for fiber softening whereas the method disclosed in present invention does not employ complex retting technique.

Patent Application No. US 20060180285A1 discloses “High quality and long natural cellulose fibers from rice straw and method of producing rice straw fibers”
The above invention discloses a high quality natural cellulose fiber from rice straw and the method for producing the same. The method involved in fiber production comprises of steps such as treating the rice straw with alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide, washing alkali treated rice straw with wash solution and neutralizing solution to neutralize the effect of alkali, extracting coarse rice straw fiber and further treating extracted rice straw with enzyme solution such as cellulose, xyalanase etc for degradation of fiber binding material. The fibre obtained from above process is having cellulose content of about 62-68%, Length 2.5 to 8.0, Moisture regain 7.9 to 8.9 %. The fiber obtained is further used for production of yarn, woven material, apparel, carpet, automative material or medical textile.
The present invention discloses the use of Datura stramonium stem for extraction of cellulose fiber, whereas in above cited patent, rice straw/stalk is utilized for fiber extraction. Also, the present invention comprises use of simple retting process i.e., water retting or retting with alkali such as sodium hydroxide and does not involve the use of any neutralizing solvents or complex enzymes hence is completely different from the above cited patent.

Indian Patent Application No. 201921028172 discloses “Development of Textile Fiber from Canna indica Plant”
The above cited patent relates to extraction of fiber from stem of plant Canna indica, which is commonly discarded as a weed. The method of extraction of comprises of certain steps such as cutting of lower portion of stem, gentle crushing of one end of stem to loosen fibers of stem, water retting for degradation of fiber binding material, hand striping in order to loosen stem by hand to obtain fiber of maximum length, drying at room temperature and finally combing of the fiber to detangle the fiber. The extracted fiber can be further utilized in textile sector and for manufacturing of wipes, napkins etc.
The present invention involves extraction of fiber from Datura stramonium plant species, which is completely different from Canna indica. Further, the present invention comprises a technique I.e., hand striping, which is quite time consuming whereas the present invention involves the utilization of simple methodology for fiber extraction.
Indian Patent Application No. 201811047418 discloses “Extraction of fibers from Kanghi or Atibala plant (Abutilon Indicum) using retting process”

The above invention discloses a technology for extraction of fiber from Kanghi or Atibala plant (Abutilon indicum) using retting process. The fiber extraction process comprises of steps including cleaning of plant material, Water retting for 7 days, Opening of fibers by Hackling process, in which the fiber is passed through series of metal combs, Acidification of fiber using 0.05%-2% acetic acid, softening using 20g/l silicon solution. In above invention, fiber having 68.6% cellulose content and 9.6% moisture content is extracted.
The present invention differs from the above invention as the present employs use of completely different species i.e., Datura stramonium for fiber extraction with high cellulose content. Also, present invention does not involve the use of complex techniques such as hackling and softening using silicon solution, hence the employed process is quite simple and less expensive.

Journals and Publications

Sartaj A Ganie, Shaukatara, Saakshy Agarwal, Mohamad Aneesul Mehmood: Isolation and Characterization of lignocellulosic fibers from Datura stramonium pulps: International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering Vol.7, Issue No. 4, March 2018.

The above cited study deals with Isolation and Characterization of lignocellulosic fiber from stalks of Datura stramonium basically for pulp production and for paper making. In above invention, the pulping or pulp extraction from the stalks of plant was carried out using electrically heated rotary digestors using 12% sulphite pulping and without chemicals in order to extract fibers. Further the obtained pulp was beaten using beater to produce paper and hand sheets of about 60 GSM. Finally the strength and physical properties of the obtained paper were determined.

The present invention differs from the above cited paper, as in present invention, the stem of the plant Datura stramonium is being utilized for the extraction of fiber by the process of retting, which can be further utilized in the textile industry for the manufacturing of bed sheets, face masks, non woven sheets, carpet etc whereas the above invention involves the use of heat digestors for extraction of pulp which is utilized in paper and pulp industry for manufacturing of paper with high holocellulosic content.

Alex Musiuguzi, JosphatlgadwaMwasiagi, Aaron Wanyama, Onesmas Gumisiriza: Antimicrobial activity of Cotton and Silk fibre dyed with Datura stramonium (Jimson weed) plant leave extract: African Journal of Microbiology: Vol 13(29), pp 667-674, November 2019

The above cited article reveals the Importance of dyed Fabrics with Datura stramonium plant leaves extract to control antibiotic resistant bacteria. Cotton fabric and silk fabric samples are dyed with Aqueous extract of D. stramonium with Alum and Iron sulphate as mordants. Further the dyed fabric is tested against two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The above study discloses the use of Datura stramonium as a dye in the textile industry, which is used for dyeing cotton and silk fibers whereas in the present invention, the stem of Datura stramonium is utilized for the extraction of cellulosic fibre which can be further used in textile sector for manufacturing of bed sheets, carpets, facemasks etc. Hence present invention completely differs from the above cited research paper.

P. B. Mohan Kumara, Sharaddha Prashant Thakare, Vijay kumar Guna and G.R..Arpitha: Milletia Pinnata: a study on the extraction of fibers and Reinforced composites: Bioreources and Bioprocessing Journal: 2020

The above study discloses use of Milltia pinnata stalk for extracting cellulosic natural fiber. The fiber is extracted by treating the stalks of the plant with 1M Sodium hydroxide for 90 minutes at 120oC. Further the extracted are immersed in acetic acid, washed and dried at 110oC for 3 hours. The fiber obtained in above invention has a length of about 6 cm, 310 Mpa Tensile strength. Further compositional analysis show that the fiber posses 54% of cellulose content, 12% hemicellulose and 15% lignin content.

The present invention involves the use of completely different plant I.e., Datura stramonium for fiber extraction, whereas in above cited patent the raw material used is Milltia pinnata. Further, in present invention the extracted fiber is treated with acetic acid which is not utilized in the present invention. The fiber obtained in the above cited patent comprises 54% of cellulose content which is quite low, whereas in present invention, high cellulose fiber is extracted with a quite simple methodology.

In most of the prior art literature, various plants such as banana, cotton, hemp, coconut, bamboo, rice stalks etc are being involved in fiber extraction, but none of the prior art patent or journal discloses the utilization of plant Datura stramonium for fiber extraction. Moreover, the cultivation, maintenance as well as harvesting cost of Datura stramonium plant is quite low, further, the fiber extraction process is also quite simple, less time consuming and cost effective. Hence present invention is Novel.

OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The main object of the present invention is to disclose natural cellulosic textile fiber extracted from Datura stramonium plant and a method thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention discloses natural high cellulosic content fiber from outer stem portion of stem of Datura stramonium plant. The method used for extraction is simple involving steps such as Harvesting of plant, removal of outer part of stem, process of Retting usually water retting without the use of chemicals, detergents and enzymes, drying and characterization studies of extracted fiber. The length of extracted fiber is approximately 25-70 mm, fiber is of white creamy in color and possesses silk like appearance. The Novelty lies utilization of stem or bast fibrous material of Datura stramonium for the extraction of fiber. Earlier Datura stramonium was utilized in Medical field, in Textile industry for dyeing purpose, in paper and pulp industry. Datura stramonium is easily available in different parts of world as well as in different parts of India. Also the harvesting of the stem part containing fiber is quite easy whereas it is quite delicate for cotton plant. Moreover, the extraction of fiber is quite easy and does not require use of any harsh detergents, enzymes or chemicals for separation of fiber from fiber binding material such as pectin or gum which results in degradation of plant material containing fiber. The cellulose content of the obtained fiber is also high comparative to the other plant or bast fibers extracted. It can be used in textile industry for manufacturing of fashion apparels, Bed sheets, Face-masks, non-woven sheets, Carpets, filter media etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1: (a) Datura stramonium fiber Hollow cross section view
Figure 1: (b) Datura stramonium fiber Hollow cross section view

Figure 2: (a) Datura stramonium fiber Hollow longitudinal view

Figure 2: (b) Datura stramonium fiber Hollow longitudinal view

Figure 3: Microscopic view of Datura stramonium fibre

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is of best-contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in a limiting sense.
The present invention discloses Natural textile fiber extracted from outer stem of Datura stramonium plant.
The process for extraction of fiber from Datura stramonium plant disclosed in present invention is quite simple, economically effective as does not involve the use of costly enzymes, detergents and toxic chemicals which usually causes the degradation of fiber.
Methodology:
Cultivation of Plant: Datura stramonium plant is wildly found in villages, roadsides, riverine and local parks. Cultivation of Datura stramonium plant is quite easy as it does not require maintenance or controlled conditions for growth. It simply grows under sunlight and in humus rich well drained soil. It can also tolerate variety of soil types. Moreover, this plant require very adequate amount of water for its growth and development. In the present invention, Datura stramonium plant was procured from village Nohar in Rajasthan and Ambala in Haryana.
The extraction procedure involves various steps which are as follows:
1. Harvesting: Datura stramonium plants are harvested manually. Further the stem of the plant is cut and outer layer of the stem is removed with the help of hands. The outer stem layers are then collected and are arranged in the form of bundles of approximately 1kg.
2. Retting: Retting is the process of separation of the fiber from the stem by degumming the fiber binding material. In present invention, simple Tank water retting is performed without using any chemicals or enzymes.
Tank Retting: In tank retting, the bundles of fibers are immersed in tank full of water. Water retting is not performed under direct sunlight whereas in present invention, the process of retting is carried out under normal environmental conditions. Further, the bundles are regularly checked after several intervals such as after 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. After retting, the bundles are removed from water tanks.
3. Sieving and Drying: After tank retting, the fiber is taken out from the water, and remaining water is sieved out using fine cotton cloth. Further the remaining fiber is collected and dried under the normal conditions.
4. Carding: Carding is carried out using woolen carding machine. The carder disentangles the unorganized tuft and aligns fibers into parallel arrangement.
Microscopic examination of Obtained fibre: The extracted Datura stramonium fibres are further observed under Simple microscope view in Rod like shape (figure 4) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) it is observed cross section view in side that more hollow fibre structures (Figure 1. a, b).

Chemical composition of Datura stramonium Fibre: The fibre obtained from Datura stramonium was further analysed for chemical composition such as for determination of Cellulosic content, hemicellulosic content, Lignin and pectin content and other oil, wax and ash content. It was observed that the cellulosic content of Datura stramonium fibre is more as compared to other fibres obtained from Coir and coconut fibre etc. The Jute, Pineapple and abaca fibre are equal cellulosic content to Datura stramonium fibre. Moreover, the cellulosic content and moisture regain (%) of obtained Datura stramonium fibre is same as of Jute, Coir, coconut and Pineapple fibre. (Table 1)
Table 1: Chemical composition (%) of Datura stramoniumfibre

Chemical composition Datura stramoniumfibre
Cellulose 66.1 %
Hemi cellulose 19.4 %
Lignin 7 %
Pectin 6.2 %
Oil and Wax 1.48 %
Ash 7.3 %

Physical properties of Datura stramonium Fibre
Further, the physical properties such as color, length, diameter, moisture regain, elongation break, content, density etc were determined. White creamy coloured shiny and soft fibres were obtained with a length of about 25mm (min) to 70 mm (max). The Datura stramonium fibre density is low as compared to sisal, jute flax, ramie, abala, coir, and Pineapple and cotton fibres. And Datura stramonium fibre density is equal to Nerium Oleander, Cascabela thevetia. The Datura stramonium fibre strength is very weak compared to other fibres (Table 4), but Datura stramonium fibre is very hollow fibre so that strength is very weak. This hollow fibre provides more absorbency properties as compared to other and better comfort properties. The Datura stramonium fibre is very good because this is fibre can be used for Nonwoven sheet, Pads, diaper, Automobile filter media, medical sector and Polyester/ Datura stramonium blend can be used to prepare yarn.

Table 2: Physical properties of Datura stramonium fibre
Physical properties Datura stramonium fibre
Colour White Creamy shine
Length (mm) 25- 70
Diameter (µm) 21- 35
Single fibre Strength (Mpa) 0.54
Single fibre Strength (gf) 55.2
Elongation break (%) 1.8
Moisture regain (%) 11-13
Moisture content (%) 11.3
Density (g/cc) 1.2

Table 3: Comparative Analysis
S. No. Fiber Cellulose Hemi-cellulose Lignin Pectin Wax and fat (%) Moisture regain (%) Density (g/cm³) Strength (Mpa)
1. Hemp 73-77% 7-9% 4-6% 2.9% 0.9 12 0.83 450-690
2. Jute 65% 22% 12.5% 1.5% 0.6 13.75 1.5 342- 670
3. Ramie 68-76% 13-16% 0.6-0.7% 1.9% 0.3 8.0 1.50 348-750
4. Coir 43.44% 0.25% 45.84% 3.0% 2.22 8-10.5 1.40 105-175
5. Sisal 71.5 18.1 5.9 2.3 - 11 1.45 444-550
6. Coconut 43 0.25 45.84 3 2.2 8- 12 1.18 131- 175
7. Pineapple 55-68% 15-20% 8-12% 2-4% 4-7 10.8 1.5 Above 400
8. Abaca 66.43% 24.7% 13.6% 0.3% 0.1 5.81 1.5 189
9. Flax 75% 5% 4% - 3 12 1.3-1.42 300-900
10. Bamboo 70-74 12-14 10-12 2-3 2-3 12.7 1.1 130-230
11. Cascabela thevetia 82.4% 11.9% 5.3% 2.4% 1.1 7.5-9 1.2 141
12. Wool - - - - - - - 120-174
13. Nerium
oleander 81% 11.9 % 5.3% 2.3% 3.1 7.5-9 1.2 180
14. Datura stramonium 66.1% 19.4% 7% 6.2% 1.48 11-13 1.2 0.54
15. Cotton 80 -92% - - 0.4 % 0.6 7.5-8.5 1.54 264-560

Novelty lies in utilization of stem or bast fibrous material of Datura stramonium for the extraction of fiber. Earlier Datura stramonium was utilized in Medical field, in Textile industry for dyeing purpose, in paper and pulp industry. Utilization of Datura stramonium for extraction of Fiber in textile industry is novel and is not disclosed in any of prior art studies. The cellulose content of the obtained fiber is also high comparative to the other plant or bast fibers which are already available. The extracted fibers are soft, lengthy and possess silk like appearance.
Inventive step by way of economic advancement lies in utilization of Datura stramonium for fiber production, which is easily available in different parts of world as well as in different parts of India. Also the harvesting of the stem part containing fiber is quite easy whereas it is quite delicate for cotton plant. Moreover, the extraction of fiber is quite easy and does not require use of any harsh detergents, enzymes or chemicals for separation of fiber from fiber binding material such as pectin or gum which results in degradation of plant material containing fiber.
Industrial application is duly clear as above invention will boost the textile sector and medical textile industry. The obtained fiber is cost effective as the cost of maintenance of plant and cost of production of fiber is quite less. It can be used for the manufacturing of fashion apparels, Bed sheets, Face-masks, non-woven sheets, Carpets, filter media etc.

WE CLAIM:
1. A natural cellulosic textile fiber extracted from outer stem of Datura stramonium plant and characterized in physical properties as below:
- Colour White Creamy shine;
- Length (mm) 25- 70;
- Diameter (µm) 21- 35;
- Single fibre Strength (Mpa) 0.54
- Single fibre Strength (gf) 55.2
- Elongation break (%) 1.8
- Moisture regain (%) 11-13
- Moisture content (%) 11.3
- Density (g/cc) 1.2

2. The natural cellulosic textile fiber as claimed in claim 1 characterized in chemical properties as below:
- Cellulose 66.1%
- Hemi cellulose 19.4 %
- Lignin 7 %
- Pectin 6.2 %
- Oil and Wax 1.48 %
- Ash 7.3 %

3. The natural cellulosic textile fiber as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the same is hollow fiber with rod like shape.
4. The method of extraction of the natural cellulosic textile fiber as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the steps are as below:
- stem of the plant Datura stramonium plantis cut and outer layer of the stem is removed with the help of hands;
- multipleouter stem layers are collected and are arranged in the form of bundles;
- the bundles of stem layers are immersed in tank full of water under normal environmental conditions for 6 days;
- the fiber is taken out from the water and remaining water is sieved out using fine cotton cloth;
- the remaining fiber is collected and dried under the normal conditions;
- Carding of fiber is carried out using woolen carding machine to disentangle the unorganized tuft and aligns fibers into parallel arrangement.