Sign In to Follow Application
View All Documents & Correspondence

Network Load Balancing With Connection Manipulation

Abstract: In an exemplary device implementation, a device includes: a connection migrator that is configured to migrate connections away from the device; the connection migrator capable of precipitating a compilation of protocol state for a connection across a protocol stack; the connection migrator adapted to aggregate the complied protocol state with data for the connection into an aggregated connection state; the connection state to be sent towards a target device. In an exemplary media implementation, processor-executable instructions direct a device to perform actions including: obtaining at least a portion of a source/destination pair from a packet; accessing an encapsulation mapping table using the at least a portion of the source /destination pair to locate an encapsulation mapping entry; extracting a flow identifier from the encapsulation mapping entry: and replacing part of the packet with the flow identifier to produce an encapsulated packet.

Get Free WhatsApp Updates!
Notices, Deadlines & Correspondence

Patent Information

Application #
Filing Date
07 June 2004
Publication Number
25/2006
Publication Type
INA
Invention Field
ELECTRONICS
Status
Email
Parent Application
Patent Number
Legal Status
Grant Date
2016-11-30
Renewal Date

Applicants

MICROSOFT CORPORATION
One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington 98052-6399

Inventors

1. ABOLADE GBADEGESIN
733 Summit Avenue East, Apt. 105, Seattle, Washington 98102
2. SEAN B. HOUSE
2801 Western Avenue, Apt. 307, Seattle, Washington 98121
3. AAMER HYDRIE
210 W McGraw St., Seattle, Washington 98119
4. JOSEPH M. JOY
17219 NE 32nd St., Redmond, Washington 98052
5. SANJAY N. KANIYAR
8500 NE 184th Avenue, Apt. HH 1120, Redmond, Washington 98052

Specification

Network Load Balancing with Connection Manipulation RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS This U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent (i) is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,506 (filed June 30, 2003), (ii) is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,519 (filed June 30, 2003), and (iii) is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,321 (filed June 30, 2003). Specifically, this U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent is a continuation-in-part of, and hereby incorporates by reference herein the entire disclosure of, co-pending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,506, filed June 30, 2003, and entitled "Flexible Network Load Balancing". Specifically, this U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent is also a continuation-in-part of, and hereby incorporates by reference herein the entire disclosure of, co-pending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,519, filed June 30, 2003, and entitled "Network Load Balancing with Host Status Information". Specifically, this U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent is also a continuation-in-part of, and hereby incorporates by reference herein the entire disclosure of, co-pending U.S. Nonprovisional Application for Letters Patent No. 10/610,321, filed June 30, 2003, and entitled "Network Load Balancing with Session Information". TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates in general to network load balancing and in particular, by way of example but not limitation, to network load balancing with connection manipulation, such as connection migration with tunneling and/or connection migration in conjunction with application-level load balancing. BACKGROUND Communication, and many facets of life that involve communication, has been greatly impacted by the Internet. The Internet enables information to be communicated between two people and/or entities quickly and relatively easily. The Internet includes many network nodes that are linked together such that information may be transferred between and among them. Some network nodes may be routers that propagate a packet from one link to another, may be individual client computers, may be personal networks for different entities (e.g., intranets for businesses), and so forth. For this personal network case, as well as others, packets arriving at an Internet node or nodes are distributed to other nodes within the personal network. Such a personal network may be formed, for example, from a set of servers that can each work on packets that arrive at the personal network. A business, a university, a government office, etc. may receive many packets in a short timeframe at its personal network. In order to respond in a timely manner and to reduce the likelihood of rejection or loss of arriving packets, the personal network may rely on multiple servers that can each work on the arriving packets simultaneously. The arriving packets are often inquiries pertaining to certain information, such as a document, a catalog item, a web page, and so forth. The arriving packets can also pertain to an economic transaction between a customer and a merchant. Other purposes for the packets of a packet-based communication are possible. Regardless, the arriving packets are distributed among different servers of a set of servers to accommodate a rapid arrival of the packets and/or complex communication exchanges. The distribution of arriving packets among different servers of a set of servers is often termed network load balancing. In other words, a load balancing operation may be performed on packets as they arrive at a node or nodes of the Internet when the node or nodes constitute a personal network and/or when they connect the personal network to the Internet. Such a load balancing operation is accomplished using dedicated hardware that fronts the personal network at the node or nodes that connect the personal network to the Internet and/or that provide a presence for the personal network on the Internet. The physical hardware that performs the load balancing operation is usually duplicated in its entirety to realize redundancy and improve availability of the load balancing operation. To increase capacity for load balancing operations, more-powerful hardware that replicates the entirety of the previous load balancing hardware, and thus the operational capability thereof, is substituted for the previous load balancing hardware. Such scaling up of the load balancing operational capabilities is therefore confined to increasing the power of the hardware via substitution thereof. To implement a load balancing operation, the hardware usually perforrri§Ta round robin distribution of arriving connection requests. In other words, arriving connection requests are distributed to servers of a set of servers in a linear, repeating manner with a single connection request being distributed to each server. This round-robin load balancing distribution of connections is typically utilized irrespective of the condition of the personal network or the nature of an arriving connection request. If a load balancing operation does extend beyond a round robin distribution, these other factors are only considered to the extent that they may be inferred from network traffic and/or from a congestion level of the personal network. Accordingly, there is a need for schemes and/or techniques that improve network load balancing and/or the options associated therewith. SUMMARY In a first exemplary device implementation, a device includes: a connection migrator that is configured to migrate connections away from the device; the connection migrator capable of precipitating a compilation of protocol state for a connection across a protocol stack; the connection migrator adapted to aggregate the compiled protocol state with data for the connection into an aggregated connection state of the connection; the connection migrator further capable of causing the aggregated connection state to be sent toward a target device. In a first exemplary media implementation, one or more processor-accessible media include processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions including: receiving a connection state for a connection; injecting the connection state for the connection into a network stack; and continuing the connection using the injected connection state. In a second exemplary media implementation, one or more processor-accessible media include processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions including: obtaining at least a portion of a source/destination pair from an incoming packet; accessing an encapsulation mapping table using the obtained at least a portion of the source/destination pair to locate an encapsulation mapping entry; extracting a flow identifier from the located encapsulation mapping entry; and replacing part of the incoming packet with the extracted flow identifier to produce an encapsulated packet. In a second exemplary device implementation, a device includes: a tunneler that is configured to tunnel packets into the device; the tunneler having access to an encapsulation mapping table, the encapsulation mapping table including a plurality of encapsulation mapping entries, each encapsulation mapping entry linking a flow identifier to at least a portion of a source/destination pair; the tunneler adapted to accept an encapsulated packet having a particular flow identifier; the tunneler capable of looking up a particular source/destination pair at a particular encapsulation mapping entry using the particular flow identifier; wherein the tunneler is further adapted to de-encapsulate the encapsulated packet by replacing the particular flow identifier with at least part of the particular source/destination pair. Other method, system, approach, apparatus, application programming interface (API), device, media, procedure, arrangement, etc. implementations are described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like and/or corresponding aspects, features, and components. FIG. 1 is an exemplary network load balancing paradigm that illustrates a load balancing infrastructure and multiple hosts. FIG. 2 is an exemplary network load balancing paradigm that illustrates multiple load balancing units and multiple hosts. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary load balancing unit having separated functionality and an exemplary host. FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary network load balancing infrastructure having separated classifying and forwarding functionality. FIG. 5 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for scaling out network load balancing infrastructure into different configurations. FIG. 6 illustrates a first exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration from a device perspective. FIG. 7 illustrates a second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration from a device perspective. FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate first and second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configurations from a component perspective. FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate first and second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configurations from a resource perspective. FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves host status information. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves host status information. FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves health and load information. FIG. 13 A is an exemplary health and load table as illustrated in FIG. 12. FIG. 13B is an exemplary consolidated health and load cache as illustrated in FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves health and load information. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary message protocol for communications between the hosts and load balancing units that are illustrated in FIG. 12. FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary message transmission scheme for communications between the hosts and load balancing units that are illustrated in FIG. 12. FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate exemplary health and load information proxy storage scenarios for health and load tables of FIG. 13A and for consolidated health and load caches of FIG. 13B, respectively. FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary target host allotment procedure that utilizes health and load information. FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves session information. FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves communicating session information using notifications and messages. FIG. 21 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves communicating session information using notifications and messages. FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary approach to managing session information at multiple load balancing units. FIG. 23A is an exemplary session table as illustrated in FIG. 20. FIG. 23B is an exemplary distributed atom manager (DAM) table (DAMT) as illustrated in FIG. 22. FIG. 24 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for managing session information at multiple load balancing units. FIG. 25 illustrates exemplary network load balancing infrastructure having request routing functionality. FIG. 26 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for routing incoming packets with regard to (i) session information and (ii) health and load information. FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary traffic routing flow in the absence of failures. FIG. 28 illustrates an exemplary traffic routing flow in the presence of failure(s). FIG. 29 illustrates additional exemplary failover procedures for high availability of network load balancing infrastructure. FIG. 30 illustrates an exemplary operational implementation of traffic routing interaction with health and load information. FIG. 31 illustrates exemplary high availability mechanisms for network load balancing infrastructure. FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary approach to application-level network load balancing with connection migration. FIG. 33 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for migrating a connection from a first device to a second device. FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary approach to connection migration from the perspective of an originating device. FIG. 35 illustrates an exemplary approach to connection migration from the perspective of a targeted device. FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary approach to an offloading procedure for a connection migration. FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary approach to an uploading procedure for a connection migration. FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary approach to packet tunneling between a forwarder and a host. FIG. 39 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for packet tunneling between a first device and a second device. FIG. 40 illustrates an exemplary computing (or general device) operating environment that is capable of (wholly or partially) implementing at least one aspect of network load balancing as described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Exemplary Network Load Balancing Paradigms This section describes exemplary paradigms for network load balancing and is used to provide foundations, environments, contexts, etc. for the descriptions in the following sections. This section primarily references FIGS. 1-3. FIG. 1 is an exemplary network load balancing paradigm 100 that illustrates a load balancing infrastructure 106 and multiple hosts 108. Exemplary network load balancing paradigm 100 includes multiple clients 102(1), 102(2) ... 102(m) and multiple hosts 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n), as well as network 104 and load balancing infrastructure 106. Each of clients 102 may be any device that is capable of network communication, such as a computer, a mobile station, an entertainment appliance, another network, and so forth. Clients 102 may also relate to a person and/or entity that is operating a client device. In other words, clients 102 may comprise logical clients that are users and/or machines. Network 104 may be formed from one or more networks, such as the Internet, an intranet, a wired or wireless telephone network, and so forth. Additional examples of devices for clients 102 and network types/topologies for network 104 are described below with reference to FIG. 40 in the section entitled "Exemplary Operating Environment for Computer or Other Device". Individual clients 102 are capable of communicating with one or more hosts 108, and vice versa, across network 104 via load balancing infrastructure 106. Hosts 108 host one or more applications for interaction/communication with clients 102, for use by clients 102, and so forth. Each host 108 may correspond to a server and/or a device, multiple servers and/or multiple devices, part of a server and/or part of a device, some combination thereof, and so forth. Particular implementations for hosts 108 are described further below in the context of different network load balancing situations. (However, back-end support for hosts 108 is generally not shown for the sake of clarity.) Furthermore, additional examples of devices for hosts 108 are also described below with reference to FIG. 40 in the section entitled "Exemplary Operating Environment for Computer or Other Device". Load balancing infrastructure 106 is reachable or locatable through network 104 at one or more virtual internet protocol (IP) addresses. Communications from clients 102 (or other nodes) that are directed to the virtual IP address of load balancing infrastructure 106 are received there and forwarded to a host 108. Load balancing infrastructure 106 is comprised of hardware and/or software components (not explicitly shown in FIG. 1). Although load balancing infrastructure 106 is shown as an integral ellipse, the infrastructure to effectuate load balancing may also be distributed to other aspects of exemplary network load balancing paradigm 100. For example, software component(s) of load balancing infrastructure 106 may be located at one or more of hosts 108 as is described further below. Examples of architectures for load balancing infrastructure 106 are described below with reference to FIG. 40 in the section entitled "Exemplary Operating Environment for Computer or Other Device". As indicated at (1), one or more of hosts 108 may provide host status information from hosts 108 to load balancing infrastructure 106. This host status information may be application specific. Examples of such host status information are described further below and include health and/or load information, session information, etc. for hosts 108. A particular implementation that includes providing health and/or load information from hosts 108 to load balancing infrastructure 106 is described below in the section entitled "Exemplary Health and Load Handling". At (2), a request is sent from client 102(1) across network 104 to load balancing infrastructure 106 at the virtual IP address thereof. The content, format, etc. of a request from a client 102 may depend on the application to which the request is directed, and the term "request" may implicitly include a response or responses from host(s) 108, depending on the context. Kinds of client requests include, but are not limited to: 1. Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) GET requests from a client using a browser program. Depending on the application (and more specifically, on the uniform resource locator (URL) of the requests), it may be better to service the requests by different sets of hosts, and the existence of a client "session" state on the hosts may militate that requests from specific clients be routed to specific hosts. The requests may be over a secure sockets layer (SSL) (or other encrypted) connection. 2. Virtual private network (VPN) connections (e.g., the hosts are a set of VPN servers). In this case, the "request" can be considered to be a layer-2 tunneling protocol (L2TP) or point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP) "connection" (the latter is a combination of a transmission control protocol (TCP) control connection and associated generic routing encapsulation (GRE) data traffic). 3. Terminal server connections (e.g., the hosts are a set of terminal servers). 4. Proprietary requests in the form of individual TCP connections (one per request) employing a proprietary application-specific protocol. 5. Simple object access protocol (SOAP) requests. 6. Real-time communication requests involving control information over a TCP connection and latency-sensitive media streaming over real-time protocol (RTP). Thus, requests can take many diverse, application-specific forms. In certain described implementations, load balancing infrastructure 106 may make application-specific forwarding decisions. ' At (3), load balancing infrastructure 106 forwards the request from 102(1) to host 108(2) (in this example). Load balancing infrastructure 106 may consider one or more of many factors when selecting a host 108 to which the request is to be forwarded, depending on which implementation(s) described herein are being employed. For example, load balancing infrastructure 106 may take into account: the application health and/or load information of each host 108, session information relating to client 102(1) as stored at a host 108, and so forth. FIG. 2 is an exemplary network load balancing paradigm 200 that illustrates multiple load balancing units 106 and multiple hosts 108. Specifically, load balancing infrastructure 106 is shown as multiple load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) in exemplary network load balancing paradigm 200. Additionally, two router and/or switches 202(1) and 202(2) are illustrated. Router/switches 202, if present, may be considered as part of or separate from load balancing infrastructure 106 (of FIG. 1). Router/switches 202 are responsible for directing overall requests and individual packets that are received from network 104 to the shared virtual IP (VIP) address(es) of load balancing units 106. If a first router/switch 202 fails, the second router/switch 202 may takeover for the first. Although two router/switches 202 are illustrated, one or more than two router/switches 202 may alternatively be employed. Router/switches 202 may be ignorant of the load balancing infrastructure or load-balancing aware. If router/switches 202 are not load-balancing aware, one of two exemplary options may be employed: For a first option, one load balancing unit 106 is "assigned" the shared VIP address, and all network traffic is forwarded thereto. This one load balancing unit 106 then evenly redistributes the traffic across the other load balancing units 106. However, there are bottleneck and failover issues with this first option (which can be mitigated if multiple VIP addresses are shared and are split between multiple load balancing units 106). For a second option, router/switches 202 are "tricked" into directing network traffic to all load balancing units 106, which individually decide what traffic each should accept for load balancing. However, there are inefficient effort duplication and switch performance/compatibility issues with this second option. If, on the other hand, router/switches 202 are load-balancing aware, router/switches 202 can be made to distribute incoming network traffic between/among multiple load balancing units 106 (e.g., in a round-robin fashion). It should be understood that such load-balancing-aware routers/switches 202 are capable of performing load balancing functions at a rudimentary level (e.g., in hardware). For example, load-balancing-aware routers/switches 202 can perform simple IP-address-based session affinity so that all packets from a specific source IP address are directed to a same load balancing unit 106. Each separately-illustrated load balancing unit 106 of load balancing units 106 may represent one physical device, multiple physical devices, or part of a single physical device. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may correspond to one server, two servers, or more. Alternatively, load balancing unit 106(1) and load balancing unit 106(2) may together correspond to a single server. An exemplary load balancing unit 106 is described further below from a functional perspective with reference to FIG. 3. Two exemplary request paths [1] and [2] are illustrated in FIG. 2. For request path [1], client 102(2) transmits a request over network 104 that reaches router/switch 202(1). Router/switch 202(1) directs the packet(s) of the request that originated from client 102(2) to load balancing unit 106(1). Load balancing unit 106(1) then forwards the packet(s) of the request to host 108(1) in accordance with some load-balancing functionality (e.g., policy). For request path [2], client 102(m) transmits a request over network 104 that reaches router/switch 202(2). Router/switch 202(2) directs the packet(s) of the request that originated from client 102(m) to load balancing unit 106(u). Load balancing unit 106(u) then forwards the packet(s) of the request to host 108(n) in accordance with some load-balancing functionality. Exemplary load-balancing functionality is described further below with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary load balancing unit 106 having separated functionality and an exemplary host 108. Load balancing unit 106 includes seven (7) functional blocks 302-314. These functional blocks of load balancing unit 106 may be realized at least partially using software. Host 108 includes one or more applications 316. In a described implementation, load balancing unit 106 includes a forwarder 302, a classifier 304, a request router 306, a session tracker 308, a connection migrator 310, a tunneler 312, and a health and load handler 314. Health and load handler 314 is located partly at hosts 108 and partly on devices of load balancing units 106. Health and load handler 314 monitors the health and/or load (or more generally the status) of hosts 108 so that health and/or load information thereof may be used for the load-balancing functionality (e.g., when making load-balancing decisions). Exemplary implementations for health and load handler 314 are described further below, particularly in the section entitled "Exemplary Health and Load Handling". Session tracker 308 may also be located partly at hosts 108 and partly on devices of load balancing units 106. Session tracker 308 monitors sessions that are established by clients 102 so that reconnections/continuations of previously-established sessions may be facilitated by the load-balancing functionality. For example, some applications keep application-specific client session data on the hosts (which is also a type of host status information). These applications typically expect that clients use the same host for the duration of any given session. Exemplary types of sessions include: (i) a TCP connection (which is, strictly speaking, a session); (ii) an SSL session; (iii) a secure IP (IPsec) session; (iv) an HTTP cookie-based session; and so forth. Although session tracker 308 is illustrated as a discrete block in load balancing unit 106, session tracking functionality of session tracker 308 may actually be implemented at a global level. In other words, session affinity is supported across multiple load balancing units 106. Session tracker 308 includes a centralized database and/or a distributed database of session information in order to preserve session affinity. Exemplary implementations for session tracker 308, with an emphasis on a distributed database approach, are described further below, particularly in the section entitled "Exemplary Session Tracking". Classifier 304 uses the data acquired and maintained by health and load handler 314 and/or session tracker 308, possibly in conjunction with other factors, to classify incoming requests. In other words, classifier 304 selects a target host 108 for each incoming request from a client 102. Forwarder 302 forwards client requests (and/or the packets thereof) in accordance with the targeted host 108 as selected by classifier 304. Forwarder 302 and classifier 304 may operate on a per-packet basis. Exemplary implementations for forwarder 302 and classifier 304 are described further below, particularly in the sections entitled "Exemplary Approach to Flexible Network Load Balancing" and "Exemplary Classifying, Forwarding, and Request Routing". Request router 306, as contrasted with per-packet implementations of forwarder 302 and classifier 304, can act as a proxy for an application running on a host 108. For example, request router 306 may terminate TCP connections, parse (perhaps partially) each logical request from a client 102, and resubmit each logical request to the targeted host 108. Consequently, each logical request from a client 102 may be directed to a different host 108, depending on the decisions made by request router 306. Furthermore, request router 306 may perform preprocessing on a connection (e.g., SSL decryption), may choose to absorb certain requests (e.g., because request router 306 maintains a cache of responses), may arbitrarily modify requests before forwarding them to hosts 108, and so forth. Exemplary implementations for request router 306 are also described further below, particularly in the sections entitled "Exemplary Approach to Flexible Network Load Balancing" and "Exemplary Classifying, Forwarding, and Request Routing". Connection migrator 310 enables a connection to be initially terminated at load balancing unit 106 and then migrated such that the connection is subsequently terminated at host 108. This connection migration can facilitate application-level load balancing. Connection migrator 310 is capable of migrating a connection from load balancing unit 106 to a host 108 in such a manner that that the original termination at load balancing unit 106 is transparent to a requesting client 102 and to applications 316 of the newly-terminating host 108. Tunneler 312 may utilize an encapsulation scheme for the tunneling of packets that does not introduce an overhead to each tunneled packet. The functionality of tunneler 312 may also be used in situations that do not involve a connection migration. Furthermore, connection migrator 310 and/or tunneler 312 may additionally be used in non-load-balancing implementations. Exemplary implementations for connection migrator 310, as well as for tunneler 312, are described further below, particularly in the section entitled "Exemplary Connection Migrating with Optional Tunneling and/or Application-Level Load Balancing". Any given implementation of a load balancing unit 106 may include one or more of the illustrated functions. Although illustrated separately, each of the functions of blocks 302-314 may actually be interrelated with, overlapping with, and/or inclusive of other functions. For example, health and/or load information of health and load handler 314 may be used by classifier 304. Also, connection migrator 310 and tunneler 312 work in conjunction with forwarder 302 and classifier 304. Certain other exemplary overlapping and interactions are described herein below. In a described implementation, host 108 runs and provides access to one or more applications 316. Generally, applications 316 include file delivery programs, web site management/server programs, remote access programs, electronic mail programs, database access programs, and so forth. Specifically, applications 316 may include, but are not limited to, web servers such as Internet Information Server® (IIS) from Microsoft® Corporation, terminal servers such as Microsoft® Terminal Server , and firewall and proxy products such as Internet Security and Acceleration Server™ (ISA). Although the specific application 316 examples in the preceding sentence relate to Microsoft® products, network load balancing as described herein is not limited to any particular vendor(s), application(s), or operating system(s). Exemplary Approach to Flexible Network Load Balancing This section illuminates how the network load balancing implementations described in this and other sections herein provide a flexible approach to network load balancing. This section primarily references FIGS. 4-9B. As noted above, network load balancing functionality may be scaled up by replacing a first network load balancer with a second, bigger and more powerful network load balancer. The hardware capabilities of the second network load balancer replicate the entirety of the hardware capabilities of the first network load balancer, except that a greater capacity is provided. This is an inflexible approach that can be very inefficient, especially when only one network load balancing feature is limiting performance and precipitating an upgrade of a network load balancer. FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary network load balancing infrastructure having separated classifying and forwarding functionality. The separated classifying functionality and forwarding functionality are represented by classifier 304 and forwarder 302, respectively. Although classifying and forwarding functions are described further below, especially in the section entitled "Exemplary Classifying, Forwarding, and Request Routing", an initial description is presented here as an example of interaction between network load balancing infrastructure functionality and hosts 108. In a described implementation, forwarder 302 corresponds to, and is the network endpoint for, the virtual IP (VIP) address (or addresses). Forwarder 302 is a relatively low-level component that makes simplified and/or elementary policy decisions, if any, when routing packets to a further or final destination. Forwarder 302 consults a routing table to determine this destination. Classifier 304 populates the routing table based on one or more factors (e.g., host status information), which are described further in other sections herein. Clients 102 and hosts 108 also correspond to indicated network addresses. Specifically, client 102(1) corresponds to address CI, client 102(2) corresponds to address C2 ... client 102(m) corresponds to address Cm. Also, host 108(1) corresponds to address HI, host 108(2) corresponds to address H2 ... host 108(n) corresponds to address Hn. Five communication paths (l)-(5) are shown in FIG. 4. Communication path (1) is between client 102(1) and forwarder 302, and communication path (5) is between forwarder 302 and host 108(1). Communication paths (2)-(4) are between forwarder 302 and classifier 304. For simplicity in this example, the connection associated with communication paths (l)-(5) is an HTTP TCP connection. Furthermore, load balancing in this example relates to routing incoming connections to the least loaded host 108, at least without any explicit consideration of application-level load balancing. Communication paths (l)-(5) indicate how forwarder 302 and classifier 304 load-balance a single HTTP TCP connection from client 102(1). At (1), client 102(1) initiates the TCP connection by sending a TCP SYN packet addressed to the VIP address. The routing infrastructure of network 104 routes this packet to forwarder 302 via router/switch 202(1), which is the "closest" router/switch 202 to forwarder 302. At (2), forwarder 302 consults a routing table, which may be internal to forwarder 302 or otherwise accessible therefrom, in order to look up this connection. This connection may be identified in the routing table by the TCP/IP 4-tuple (i.e., source IP address, source TCP port, destination IP address, destination TCP port). Because this is the first packet of the connection, there is no entry in the routing table. Forwarder 302 therefore applies the "default route" action, which is to send this packet to classifier 304. At (3), classifier 304 consults its (e.g., consolidated) cache of host status information for hosts 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n). Classifier 304 concludes that host 108(1) is available and the least loaded host 108 at this instant for this example. Classifier 304 also "plumbs" a route in the routing table consulted by forwarder 302 for this TCP connection. For example, classifier 304 adds a route entry or instructs forwarder 302 to add a route entry to the routing table that maps the TCP connection (e.g., identified by the TCP 4-tuple) to a specific destination host 108, which is host 108(1) in this example. More particularly, the route entry specifies the network address HI of host 108(1). At (4), classifier 304 sends the TCP SYN packet back to forwarder 302. Alternatively, classifier 304 may forward this initial TCP SYN packet to host 108(1) without using forwarder 302. Other options available to classifier 304 are described further below. At (5), forwarder 302 can access a route entry for the connection represented by the SYN packet, so it forwards the packet to host 108(1) at address HI. Forwarder 302 also forwards all subsequent packets from client 102(1) for this connection directly to host 108(1). In other words, forwarder 302 can avoid further interaction with classifier 304 for this connection. One or a combination of mechanisms, which are described further below, may be used to delete the route entry when the connection ceases. For communication path (5) in many protocol environments, forwarder 302 cannot simply send the packets from client 102(1) as-is to host 108(1) at network address HI because these packets are addressed to the VIP address, which is hosted by forwarder 302 itself. Instead, forwarder 302 may employ one or more of the following exemplary options: 1. Forwarder 302 performs Network Address Translation (NAT) by (i) overwriting the source (client 102(1)) IP address (CI) and port number with the IP address and NAT-generated port number of forwarder 302 and (ii) overwriting the destination IP address (VIP) with the IP address (HI) of the host (108(1)). 2. Forwarder 302 performs "Half-NAT" by overwriting the destination IP address (VIP) with the IP address (HI) of the host (108(1)) so that the source (client 102(1)) IP address (CI) and port number are preserved. 3. Forwarder 302 "tunnels" the packets received from client 102(1) from forwarder 302 to host 108(1). Specifically in this example, tunneling can be effectuated by encapsulating each packet within a new IP packet that is addressed to host 108(1). Network-load-balancing-aware software on host 108(1) reconstructs the original packet as received at forwarder 302 from client 102(1). This original packet is then indicated up on a virtual interface at host 108(1) (e.g., the VIP address corresponding to forwarder 302 is bound to this virtual interface at host 108(1)). Exemplary implementations of such tunneling are described further below with reference to tunneler 312, especially for connection migration scenarios and particularly in the section entitled "Exemplary Connection Migrating with Optional Tunneling and/or Application-Level Load Balancing". Although FIGS. 4-9B show two specific separated functions, namely classifying and forwarding, it should be understood that other functions, such as those of request router 306, session tracker 308, connection migrator 310, and health and load handler 314, may also be scaled out independently (e.g., factored out independently), as is described further below. Furthermore, it should be noted that one or more than two functions may be separated and scaled out independently at different times and/or simultaneously. Also, although TCP/IP is used for the sake of clarity in many examples in this and other sections, the network load balancing principles described herein are applicable to other transmission and/or communication protocols. In the exemplary manner of FIG. 4, network load balancing functions (such as those shown in FIG. 3) may be separated from each other for scalability purposes. They may also be separated and duplicated into various configurations for increased availability. Exemplary configurations for scalability and/or availability are described below with reference to FIGS. 6-9B after the method of FIG. 5 is described. FIG. 5 is a flow diagram 500 that illustrates an exemplary method for scaling out network load balancing infrastructure into different configurations. Flow diagram 500 includes three blocks 502-506. Although the actions of flow diagram 500 may be performed in other environments and with a variety of software schemes, FIGS. 1-4 and 6-9B are used in particular to illustrate certain aspects and examples of the method. At block 502, network load balancing infrastructure is operated in a first configuration. For example, each configuration may relate to one or more of a selection, proportion, and/or interrelationship of different load balancing functionalities; a number of and/or type(s) of different devices; an organization and/or layout of different components; a distribution and/or allocation of resources; and so forth. At block 504, the network load balancing infrastructure is scaled out. For example, separated load balancing functionalities may be expanded and/or concomitantly contracted on an individual and/or independent basis. At block 506, the scaled out network load balancing infrastructure is operated in a second configuration. As noted above, a monolithic network load balancer may be scaled up by increasing network load balancing functionality in its entirety by supplanting previous network load balancing hardware with more-powerful network load balancing hardware. In contradistinction, scaling out network load balancing infrastructure can enable network load balancing (sub-)functions to be scaled out individually and/or independently. It can also enable network load balancing functions to be scaled out together or individually between and among different numbers of devices. Device, component, and resource-oriented scaling out examples are provided below. FIG. 6 illustrates a first exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration from a device perspective. In this first device-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration, three devices 602(1), 602(2), and 602(3) are illustrated. However, one, two, or more than three devices 602 may alternatively be employed. As illustrated, a forwarder 302(1), a classifier 304(1), and a host 108(1) are resident at and executing on device 602(1). A forwarder 302(2), a classifier 304(2), and a host 108(2) are resident at and executing on device 602(2). Also, a forwarder 302(3), a classifier 304(3), and a host 108(3) are resident at and executing on device 602(3). Thus, in this first device-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration, a respective forwarder 302, classifier 304, and host 108 are sharing the resources of each respective device 602. In operation, forwarders 302 are the network endpoints for the VIP address(es). Any classifier 304 may plumb a route for a connection to any host 108, depending on host status information. For example, classifier 304(2) may plumb a route for a new incoming connection to host 108(3). In accordance with a new route entry for this connection, forwarder 302(2) forwards subsequent packets to host 108(3). In one alternative device-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration to which the illustrated first one may be scaled out, a fourth device 602(4) (not explicitly shown in FIG. 6) may be added that includes a forwarder 302(4), a classifier 304(4), and a host 108(4). If, on the other hand, sufficient classification functionality is already present with classifiers 304(1-3) but additional forwarding functionality can benefit the request handling of hosts 108, a fourth device 602(4) may be added that includes a forwarder 302(4) and optionally a host 108(4). For this scaled-out configuration, another classifier 304(1, 2, or 3) may plumb routes for forwarder 302(4) to any of hosts 108(1, 2, or 3) and host 108(4), if present. The first device-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration of FIG. 6 may be especially appropriate for smaller hosting situations in which separate devices for the network load balancing infrastructure are not technically and/or economically worthwhile or viable. However, as the hosting duties expand to a greater number (and/or a greater demand on the same number) of hosts 108 or if the network load on hosts 108 is significant, the first device-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration may be scaled out to accommodate this expansion, as represented by a second device-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration of FIG. 7. FIG. 7 illustrates a second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration from a device perspective. In this second device-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration, three devices 602(1), 602(2), and 602(3) are also illustrated. Again, one, two, or more than three devices 602 may alternatively be employed. As illustrated, forwarder 302(1) and classifier 304(1) are resident at and executing on device 602(1). Forwarder 302(2) and classifier 304(2) are resident at and executing on device 602(2)." Also, forwarder 302(3) and classifier 304(3) are resident at and executing on device 602(3). Thus, in this second device-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration, each respective forwarder 302 and classifier 304 are not sharing the resources of each respective device 602 with a host 108. Furthermore, the network load balancing infrastructure may be servicing any number of hosts 108. In operation, forwarders 302 are again the network endpoints for the VIP address(es). Also, any classifier 304 may plumb a route for a connection to any host 108, depending on host status information. For example, classifier 304(3) may plumb a route for a new incoming connection to host 108(2). In accordance with a new route entry for this connection, forwarder 302(3) forwards subsequent packets to host 108(2). Hence, network load balancing infrastructure as realized in software, for example, may be scaled out by moving the network load balancing infrastructure (or part thereof) from devices that are shared with hosts 108 to devices that are not shared with hosts 108. Also, as alluded to above for FIG. 6, another device 602(4) may be added to the network load balancing infrastructure to provide additional forwarding functionality, additional classifying functionality, additional functionality of both types, and so forth. FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate first and second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configurations from a component perspective. As illustrated, first component-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration 800 includes four components. Second component-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration 850 includes six components. An alternative second configuration 850 includes a seventh component as indicated by the dashed-line block, which is described further below. Specifically, first component-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration 800 (or first configuration 800) includes (i) two forwarders 302(1) and 302(2) and (ii) two classifiers 304(1) and 304(2). Second exemplary component-oriented network load balancing infrastructure configuration 850 (or second configuration 850) includes (i) four forwarders 302(1), 302(2), 302(3), and 302(4) and (ii) two classifiers 304(1) and 304(2). Thus, first configuration 800 is scaled out to second configuration 850 by adding two components, which are forwarding components in this example. In a described implementation, each respective network-load-balancing-related functional component corresponds to a respective device (not explicitly shown in FIG. 8A or 8B); however, each component may alternatively correspond to part of a device or more than one device. For example, forwarders 302(1) and 302(2) may be distributed across three devices. Or forwarder 302(1) and classifier 304(1) may correspond to a first device, and forwarder 302(2) and classifier 304(2) may correspond to a second device. Two network-load-balancing-related functional components are added to scale out first configuration 800 to second configuration 850. However, one component (or more than two) may alternatively be added to scale out the network load balancing infrastructure. Furthermore, two or more different types of functional components may be scaled out "simultaneously". For example, as illustrated by the dashed-line block, another classifying component (e.g., classifier 304(3)) may also be added when scaling out first configuration 800 to second configuration 850. Moreover, scaling by two or more different types of functional components may be performed in similar (e.g., equivalent) or dissimilar proportions to each other. As illustrated, adding forwarder components 302(3) and 302(4) while not adding any classifier component 304 or while adding a single classifier component 304(3) represent a scaling out at dissimilar proportions. However, two classifier components 304(3) and 304(4) (the latter of which is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 8B) may be added while the two forwarder components 302(3) and 302(4) are added for a scaling out at similar proportions. Regardless, each individual network-load-balancing-related functional component may consume a different amount of the-, available network load balancing infrastructure resources, as is described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate first and second exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configurations from a resource perspective. First resource-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration 900 (or first configuration 900) includes a first resource distribution or allocation for a load balancing unit 106. Second resource-oriented exemplary network load balancing infrastructure configuration 950 (or second configuration 950) includes a second resource distribution for load balancing unit 106. As illustrated, first configuration 900 includes a 70%-30% resource distribution, and second configuration 950 includes a 40%-60% resource distribution. Such resources may include total device resources (e.g., number of devices), processing resources (e.g., number of processor cycles), memory resources (e.g., portion of cache, main memory, etc.), network bandwidth and/or interface resources (e.g., bits per second and/or physical network interface cards (NICs)), and so forth. Specifically for first configuration 900, forwarder 302 consumes 70% of the resources of load balancing unit 106 while classifier 304 consumes 30% of these resources. After reallocation during a scaling out procedure to produce second configuration 950, forwarder 302 consumes 40% of the resources of load balancing unit 106 while classifier 304 consumes 60% of these resources. In an exemplary situation, first configuration 900 might facilitate better network load balancing performance when fewer, longer transactions are being handled by the associated hosts (not shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B) because classification functionality is utilized upon initial communication for a connection and forwarding functionality is utilized thereafter. Second configuration 950, on the other hand, might facilitate better network load balancing performance when more, shorter transactions are being handled by the associated hosts because the classification functionality is utilized for a greater percentage of the total number of packets tunneled through the network load balancing infrastructure. In this situation, if request routing functionality is also being employed, then request router(s) 306 are also allocated a percentage of the total computing resources. The resource distribution among the three functionalities may be adjusted while handling connections (e.g., adjusted "on the fly") depending on current resource consumption and/or deficits. As indicated above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, each load balancing unit 106 may correspond to all or a part of a total network load balancing infrastructure 106. For any given physically, logically, arbitrarily, etc. defined or stipulated load balancing unit 106, the resources thereof may be re-allocated during a scale out procedure. More specifically, a resource distribution between/among different network-load-balancing-related separated functions of a load balancing unit 106 may be altered in a scale out procedure. Furthermore, more than two different functions, as well as other network-load-balancing-related functions that are not specifically illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B, may be allocated differing resource percentages. The percentage of total system resources allocated to all load balancing functions may also be altered in a scale out procedure. As a general processing power example, the percentage of total processing power that is devoted to load balancing may be gradually increased as the amount of traffic that needs to be load balanced increases. Network load balancing software may optionally perform monitoring to analyze and determine whether resources should be reallocated. For example, the network load balancing software may monitor the processor utilization of different network-load-balancing-related functions. The actual reallocation may also optionally be performed automatically by the network load balancing software in an offline or online mode. It should be understood that a scaling out capability of network load balancing infrastructure (e.g., as realized at least partially in software) as described herein may relate to different installations and not necessarily a change to a single installation. In a resource-oriented example, network load balancing infrastructure as described herein may be configured in accordance with one resource distribution in one installation environment and may be configured in accordance with another different resource distribution in another installation environment having different operational parameters. Additionally, the capabilities, features, options, etc. described above with regard to scaling out are also applicable for "scaling in". In other words, resources devoted to network load balancing infrastructure (or sub-functions thereof) may also be reduced. Exemplary Health and Load Handling This section describes how host status information, such as health and/or load information, may be collected for and utilized in network load balancing. This section primarily references FIGS. 10-18 and illuminates health and load functionality such as that provided by health and load handler 314 (of FIG. 3). As described above with reference to FIG. 3, each host 108 hosts one or more applications 316. Health and load handler 314 utilizes health and/or load information that relates to applications 316 and/or hosts 108 for certain described implementations of network load balancing. FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves host status information (HSI) 1006. Each host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) includes one or more applications 316(1), 316(2) ... 316(n), respectively. These hosts 108 generally and these applications 316 specifically may change statuses from time to time. For example, hosts 108 and applications 316 may be accepting new connections or not accepting new connections. Also, they may be quickly handling client requests or slowly handling client requests. Furthermore, they may have many resources in reserve or few unused resources. All or any part of such data, or other data, may comprise host status information 1006. Generally, host status information 1006 provides an indication of the status of some aspect of hosts 108 and/or applications 316 that are running thereon. In a described implementation, each host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) includes a host status information (HSI) determiner 1002(1), 1002(2) ... and 1002(n), respectively. Each host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) also includes a host status information (HSI) disseminator 1004(1), 1004(2) ... and 1004(n), respectively. Each host status information determiner 1002 and/or host status information disseminator 1004 may be part of load balancing infrastructure (LBI) 106. Each host status information determiner 1002 determines host status information 1006 for its respective host 108 and/or applications 316 that are running thereon. Exemplary techniques for determining such host status information 1006 are described below with reference to FIGS. 12-14, and particularly FIG. 13A. Each host status information disseminator 1004 disseminates host status information 1006 for its respective host 108 and/or applications 316 to load balancing infrastructure 106 (e.g., those portion(s) of load balancing infrastructure 106 that are not located on hosts 108). Exemplary techniques for disseminating such host status information 1006 are described below with reference to FIGS. 12-17, and particularly FIGS. 13B and 15-17. Specifically, each host status information disseminator 1004 disseminates host status information 1006 (directly or indirectly) to each load balancing unit (LBU) 106 of load balancing infrastructure 106 that includes at least one health and load handler 314 and/or classifier 304. Load balancing infrastructure 106 refers to host status information 1006 when implementing network load balancing. For example, as indicated by logic 1008, load balancing infrastructure 106 is capable of making load balancing decisions responsive to host status information 1006. In operation at (1), host status information determiners 1002 determine host status information 1006 for respective hosts 108 and/or applications 316. At (1) and (2), host status information disseminators 1004 disseminate host status information 1006 from hosts 108 to load balancing infrastructure 106. For example, host status information 1006 may be disseminated to individual load balancing units 106. At (3), logic 1008 makes network load balancing decisions responsive to host status information 1006. At (4), connections are forwarded to targeted hosts 108 based on these network load balancing decisions. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram 1100 that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves host status information. Flow diagram 1100 includes three blocks 1102-1106. Although the actions of flow diagram 1100 may be performed in other environments and with a variety of software schemes, FIGS. 1 -3 and 10 are used in particular to illustrate certain aspects and examples of the method. At block 1102, host status information is sent from hosts to load balancing units. For example, host status information 1006 may be sent from hosts 108 to load balancing units 106. At block 1104, the host status information is received from the hosts at the load balancing units. For example, load balancing units 106 may receive host status information 1006 from hosts 108. At block 1106, load balancing decisions are made responsive to the received host status information. For example, logic 1008 at load balancing units 106 may make decisions for network load balancing responsive to host status information 1006. Thus in FIG. 10, load balancing infrastructure 106 collects host status information 1006 from hosts 108 (and/or applications 316 thereof) and load balances incoming requests that are directed to hosts 108 responsive to host status information 1006. As described further below with reference to FIGS. 12-18, this host status information 1006 may be application-specific. As also described further below, examples of host status information 1006 include health and/or load information. FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves health and/or load information (HLI) 1206. Hosts 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) are coupled to load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) via a communication linkage 1210 such as a network. As illustrated, hosts 108 communicate health and load information 1206 to load balancing units 106 using communication linkage 1210. The bi-directional communication of health and load information 1206, as indicated by the double-pointed arrow, refers to a two-way communication from load balancing units 106 to hosts 108 that provides certain completeness, coherency, correctness, etc. such that hosts 108 and/or load balancing units 106 may fail independently of one another. Such two-way communications from load balancing units 106 to hosts 108 are described further below with particular reference to FIG. 15. Health information reflects whether a given host and/or application is capable of handling client requests. Load information reflects the number, amount, and/or level of client requests that the given host and/or application is capable of handling at a particular moment. In other words, load can reflect directly and/or inversely an available number, amount, and/or level of total capacity of the given host and/or application. As noted above, implementations described with reference to FIGS. 12-18 focus on health and/or load information; however, those implementations are also applicable to general status information for hosts (including the applications thereof). In a described implementation, each host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) includes a respective health and load infrastructure (H&LI) component 1202(1), 1202(2) ... 1202(n). Each health and load infrastructure component 1202 may optionally be a portion of load balancing infrastructure 106 that is resident at and executing on each host 108. Health and load information 1206 may be realized in software. When functioning, each health and load infrastructure 1202(1), 1202(2) ... 1202(n) creates and maintains a respective health and load (H&L) table 1204(1), 1204(2)... 1204(n). These health and load tables 1204 may include application-specific entries. Health and load information 1206 that is stored in health and load tables 1204 may be independent of load balancing infrastructure 106. For example, administrators, designers, etc. may specify criteria for health and load information 1206 at configuration time. Additionally, entities external to a device that is or that has a host 108 may contribute to determining health and load information 1206 for applications 316 on the device. An exemplary health and load table 1204 is described further below with reference to FIG. 13 A. Each load balancing unit 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) includes a respective consolidated health and load (H&L) cache 1208(1), 1208(2) ... 1208(u). Each consolidated health and load cache 1208 includes the information from each health and load table 1204(1), 1204(2) ... 1204(n). Consequently, each load balancing unit 106 is provided with quick (e.g., cached) access to health and load information 1206 for each host 108 for which load balancing units 106 are load balancing network traffic. In operation, health and load infrastructures 1202 push health and load information 1206 from health and load tables 1204 to consolidated health and load caches 1208. The mechanism to provide health and load information 1206 is event driven such that changes to health and load tables 1204 are provided to consolidated health and load caches 1208 in a timely, scaleable manner. FIG. 13A is an exemplary health and load table 1204 as illustrated in FIG. 12. In a described implementation, health and load table 1204 includes multiple entries 1302 that are each associated with a different application 316. Each entry 1302 may correspond to a row in health and load table 1204 that has three columns. These columns correspond to application identifier (ID) 1302(A), application status characterization 1302(B), and load balancer directive 1302(C). • Because each entry 1302 is associated with a particular application 316, a row is added as each application is spun up (e.g., by an administrator). Likewise, a row is deleted/removed each time an application is closed down. Similarly, individual fields in columns 1302(A), 1302(B), and/or 1302(C) are modified/updated when a value thereof changes. For example, when a status characterization value changes for a given application 316, a value in a field of application status characterization 1302(B) for entry 1302 of the given application 316 is updated. The additions and deletions of entries 1302 for applications 316 may be effectuated with input from a control manager at the host 108. For example, a control manager portion of an operating system knows when an application 316 is started and stopped because it is actively involved in the starting and stopping of applications 316. Hence, a control manager may identify that it has, at least in part, started an application 316, and the control manager may establish that it has, at least in part, stopped the application 316. Health and load infrastructure 1202 may therefore be informed of the starting and stopping of applications 316 by the control manager. Hence, no such explicit communication from applications 316 has to be provided to health and load infrastructure 1202. An example of a control manager is the Service Control Manager (SCM) of the Windows® Operating System from Microsoft® Corporation. Application identifier 1302(A) includes information that is used to uniquely identify the application 316 to which entry 1302 is associated. Application identifier 1302(A) may include one or more of the following for the associated application 316: the virtual IP address and port, the physical IP address and port, the protocol used, and any protocol-specific information. The protocol may be HTTP, IPsec, SOAP, and so forth. The protocol-specific information may be a URL pattern or string to further delineate the application associated with entry 1302. Thus, application identifier 1302(A) more particularly refers to a specific application endpoint on a particular host 108. Other application identifiers may alternatively be employed. For example, to reduce communication bandwidth, application identifier 1302(A) may be a 32-bit number that maps to the above exemplary information at health and load infrastructure 1202 and at load balancing units 106. Moreover, any of the fields in entry 1302 may actually contain a globally unique identifier (GUID) that is used as a key to look up the true information for the field. Application status characterization 1302(B) includes information that reflects the status of the application 316 to which entry 1302 is associated. Application status characterization 1302(B) includes the following for the associated application 316: application health, application load, and application capacity. Application health is a quasi-Boolean value that indicates whether an application is functioning. Application health can be healthy, failing, or unknown. Application health is a relatively-instantaneous value and is communicated with relatively low latency (e.g., of approximately a second or a few seconds) to load balancing units 106 when the application health value changes. Application load is a value that indicates how occupied or busy a given application is and thus, directly or inversely, how much additional load the given application can handle. Application load is a relatively slowly-changing or averaged value that can be smoothed with a hysteresis-inducing mechanism, if desired, to eliminate transient spikes of increased or decreased load. It is communicated relatively infrequently to load balancing units 106 (e.g., approximately one to four times a minute). The value of application Ipad is given meaning with regard to application capacity. Application capacity is a value that indicates the maximum capacity of the application. It is selected in a generic manner to be meaningful for a given context but still sufficiently flexible for other contexts. Application capacity is a unit-less, bounded number (e.g., 0-99) that is determinable at configuration time. It may be based on processing power, memory size/speed, network access, some combination thereof, and so forth. Application capacity expresses relative capacities between and among other applications of the same type in a set of hosts 108(1, 2...n). Thus, relative to application capacity, application load gains meaning. Application load for a given application is a percentage of application capacity for the given application. Alternatively, application load can be expressed as a unit-less number from which the percentage can be ascertained in conjunction with the value of application capacity. Load balancer directive 1302(C) includes information that reflects the desired and/or expected state of the directive established by health and load infrastructure 1202 for load balancing units 106 with respect to an application 316 to which entry 1302 is associated. Load balancer directive 1302(C) includes the following for the associated application 316: target load balancing state and current load balancing state. The target load balancing state reflects the state of the directive to load balancing units 106 as desired by health and load infrastructure 1202. The current load balancing state reflects what health and load infrastructure 1202 understands the current state of the directive to load balancing units 106 to be as recorded at load balancing units 106. The current load balancing state thus reflects the load balancing directive that health and load infrastructure 1202 expects load balancing units 106 to be currently operating under as dictated using a communication protocol. Such an exemplary communication protocol is described further below with reference to FIG. 15. The interaction and relationship between the target load balancing state and the current load balancing state is also further clarified with the description of FIG. 15. The target load balancing state and the current load balancing state may each take a value of active, inactive, or draining. An active directive indicates that new requests/connections are welcome and may be targeted at the application that is associated with entry 1302. An inactive directive indicates that no additional packets should be forwarded to the associated application. A draining directive indicates that no packets for new requests/connections should be sent to the associated application but that packets for existing requests/connections should continue to be forwarded to the associated application. • In a described implementation, the definitive version of respective health and load information 1206 is stored at health and load tables 1204 that are located at each respective host 108 of multiple hosts 108. With this implementation, if a host 108 crashes, the health and load information 1206 that is lost pertains to those applications 316 that also crashed. A measure of high availability is therefore gained automatically without duplicating data. However, the definitive version of health and load information 1206 may alternatively be stored elsewhere. Other such storage options include load balancing units 106 themselves, a host 108 that (as its sole task or along with hosting duties) stores and maintains health and load information 1206 for multiple other (including all other) hosts 108, another separate and/or external device, and so forth. If the definitive version of health and load information 1206 is stored and maintained elsewhere besides being distributed across hosts 108(1, 2 ...n), such health and load information 1206 may be stored redundantly (e.g., also stored in a duplicative device, backed-up, etc.) for high-availability purposes. Exemplary proxy scenarios for storing health and load information 1206 are described below with reference to FIGS. 17A and 17B. FIG. 17A is directed to a proxy scenario for health and load tables 1204, and FIG. 17B is directed to a proxy scenario for consolidated health and load caches 1208. FIG. 13B is an exemplary consolidated health and load cache 1208 as illustrated in FIG. 12. In a described implementation, each consolidated health and load cache 1208 in each load balancing unit 106 includes at least part of the information stored in each health and load table 1204 for each health and load infrastructure 1202 at each host 108. The cached health and load information may be organized in any manner in consolidated health and load cache 1208. As illustrated, consolidated health and load cache 1208 includes a cache for each host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) that replicates part or all of the information in the health and load table 1204 of each respective host 108(1, 2 ... n). Specifically, consolidated health and load cache 1208 includes a cache for host #1 1304(1), a cache for host #2 1304(2) ... a cache for host #n 1304(n). Thus, the illustrated consolidated health and load cache 1208 is organized at a broad level by host 108(1, 2 ... n), with each individual cache 1304 including application-specific entries for the corresponding respective host 108(1, 2 ... n). Alternatively, consolidated health and load cache 1208 may be organized at a broad level by type of application 316, with individual blocks that are directed to a specific application type further divided by host 108(1, 2 ... n). Other data structure formats may also be employed. FIG 14 is a flow diagram that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves health and load information. Flow diagram 1400 includes eight blocks 1402-1416. Although the actions of flow diagram 1400 may be performed in other environments and with a variety of software schemes, FIGS. 1-3 and 12-13B are used in particular to illustrate certain aspects and examples of the method. For example, the actions of two blocks 1402-1404 are performed by a host 108, and the actions of six blocks 1406-1416 are performed by a load balancing unit 106. At block 1402, health and load information at a host is determined. For example, health and load information 1206 for applications 316(2) may be ascertained by health and load infrastructure 1202(2) and stored in health and load table 1204(2) at host 108(2). At block 1404, the determined health and load information is disseminated to load balancing units. For example, health and load infrastructure 1202(2) may send health and load information 1206 for applications 316(2) to load balancing units 106(1, 2 ... u). As indicated by arrow 1418, the actions of blocks 1402 and 1404 are repeated so that (application) health and load may be continually monitored and updated as changes occur. At block 1406, health and load information is received from hosts. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may receive health and load information 1206 from multiple hosts 108(1, 2 ... n), which includes health and load information 1206 for applications 316(2) of host 108(2). At block 1408, the received health and load information is cached. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may store health and load information 1206 from hosts 108(1, 2 ... n) into consolidated health and load cache 1208(1). With reference to the FIG. 13B implementation of a consolidated health and load cache 1208(1), health and load information 1206 for applications 316(2) from host 108(2) may be stored in cache for host #2 1304(2). As indicated by arrow 1420, the actions of blocks 1406 and 1408 are repeated so that (application) health and load information may be continually received and updated as changes occur. As indicated by dashed arrow 1422, load balancing units 106 are also handling communications from clients 102 while handling (application) health and load issues. At block 1410, a packet requesting a new connection is received. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may receive a TCP SYN packet from client 102(2) through network 104. At block 1412, the cached health and load information is consulted. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may consult consolidated health and load cache 1208(1). More particularly, load balancing unit 106(1) may consult entries that are associated with the application to which the TCP SYN packet is directed across caches for hosts #1, #2 ... #n 1304(1,2 ...n). ""At block 1414, a host is selected responsive to the cached health and load information. For example, load balancing unit 106(1) may select host 108(2) having application(s) 316(2) responsive to health and load information 1206 that is cached in consolidated health and load cache 1208(1). The selected application 316 (and host 108) should be healthy and able to accept additional load (e.g., possibly the least loaded application among those applications that are of the application type to which the TCP SYN packet is directed). The consulting of the cached health and load information (at block 1412) and the host-selecting responsive to the cached health and load information (at block 1414) may be performed prior to reception of a specific new-connection-requesting packet and/or using a batched scheme. Also, the selecting may be in accordance with any of many schemes. For example, a token based or a round-robin based scheme may be employed. With either scheme, the selection may involve a weighting of relative loads among the application options. This consultation and selection, along with the token and round-robin based schemes, are described further below with reference to FIG. 18 and in the section entitled "Exemplary Classifying, Forwarding, and Request Routing", especially with regard to classifying functionality. After the target host is selected at block 1414, the new-connection-requesting packet may be sent thereto. At block 1416, the packet received from the client is forwarded to the selected host. For example, the TCP SYN packet is forwarded from load balancing unit 106(1) to selected host 108(2). The forwarding of this initial packet may be effectuated directly by a classifier 304 or by a forwarder 302, as is also described further below in the section entitled "Exemplary Classifying^ Forwarding, and Request Routing". For a described implementation, health and load infrastructure 1202 is resident at and distributed across multiple hosts 108 as well as being located at load balancing units 106 (as represented by health and load handler 314). Health and load infrastructure 1202 has three responsibilities. First, it exposes listening point(s) to attain application status updates for application status characterizations 1302(B) of health and load tables 1204. Second, it synthesizes the application status information to determine what load balancing units 106 should do, which is embodied in load balancer directive 1302(C). Third, health and load infrastructure 1202 communicates this directive from hosts 108 to load balancing units 106. The directive content of load balancer directive 1302(C) is effectively a digested version of the information for application status characterizations 1302(B). However, load balancing units 106 may also receive the raw information of application status characterizations 1302(B) as well as this processed directive. The communication of the content of these and other fields of health and load tables 1204 is accomplished using a message protocol that is described below with reference to FIG. 15. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary message protocol 1500 for the health and load information-related communications that are illustrated in FIG. 12 between hosts 108 and load balancing units 106. Generally, an event-driven mechanism is used to push changes to health and load tables 1204 from hosts 108 to load balancing units 106. In other words, for a described implementation, information is transmitted from hosts 108 to load balancing units 106 when health and load tables 1204 are updated. This avoids periodically sending a snapshot of all of each health and load table 1204, which reduces network bandwidth consumption by health-and load infrastructure 1202. Message protocol 1500 may be implemented using any available message transport mechanism. Such mechanisms include reliable multicast transmission, point-to-point transmission (e.g., user datagram protocol (UDP)), and so forth. As illustrated, message protocol 1500 includes seven message types 1502-1514: a heartbeat message 1502, a goodbye message 1504, a row change message 1506, a get table snapshot message 1508, a send table snapshot message 1510, a postulate table state message 1512, and a postulate wrong message 1514. It should be understood that, with the exception of arrows 1516 and 1518, no temporal relationship between or among the different messages types 1502-1514 is implied by the illustration. For example, a row change message 1506 does not typically follow a goodbye message 1504. Heartbeat message 1502 indicates that a particular host 108 is functioning and provides some error checking for the content of a corresponding particular health and load table 1204 with respect to a corresponding particular cache for the particular host 1304 in consolidated health and load cache 1208. Each health and load infrastructure 1202 at each host 108 sends a heartbeat message directly or indirectly to each consolidated health and load cache 1208 at each load balancing unit 106. Heartbeat messages 1502 address the aging-out problem for data in consolidated health and load caches 1208 that arises, in part, because a snapshot of the entirety of each health and load table 1204 is not periodically transmitted to each load balancing unit 106. A transmission scheme for heartbeat messages 1502 is described further below with reference to FIG. 16. Heartbeat messages 1502 include an identifier for the host, error checking data, and optionally a DNS name. The identifier of the host may be a unique (e.g., 32-bit) number that is selected at configuration time. The error checking data may be a checksum, a state-change sequence number, a generation number, a CRC value, etc. that enables a receiving load balancing unit 106 to validate that the contents of its consolidated health and load cache 1208 comports with the contents of the health and load table 1204 of the transmitting host 108. If a generation number approach is employed, then multiple generation IDs can be used with each generation ID assigned to a "chunk" of applications. Messages can then refer to a chunk number or a chunk number/generation ID pair, depending on the context. The error checking data (or, more generally, a content indicator) may be a single value for the health and load table 1204 overall, or it may be multiple values determined on a per-entry 1302 basis. The DNS name may optionally be sent (e.g., every "x" heartbeats) to verify or update the current correct network address for the host. Goodbye message 1504 is sent from a particular host 108 to load balancing units 106 to indicate that the particular host 108 is planning to shutdown. Goodbye message 1504 includes a host identifier that may be indexed/mapped to a network address for the particular host 108. Goodbye message 1504 is used for clean, intentional shutdowns by hosts 108 to precipitate a "fast clear". However, if a goodbye message 1504 is lost, caches eventually age out the particular host's 108 entries because heartbeat messages 1502 are no longer sent. Row change message 1506 is sent from a particular host 108 to load balancing units 106 to indicate that the health and/or load for a given application 316 of the particular host 108 has changed. Row change message 1506 includes a host identifier, an application identifier, an operation, and data for the operation. Exemplary host identifiers are described above with regard to heartbeat-'messages 1502 and goodbye messages 1504. Exemplary application identifiers are described above with regard to application identifier 1302(A) of an application-associated entry 1302 of health and load tables 1204. The row change operation may be add, delete, or update. In other words, the data for the operation may be added to (for an add operation) or a replacement for (for an update operation) information already present at consolidated health and load caches 1208 at load balancing units 106. For a delete operation, no data need be provided. Message protocol 1500 is defined such that multiple operations may be stipulated to be performed for a single row change message 1506. Hence for a particular host identifier, sets of an application identifier, operation, and operation data may be repeated for multiple applications 316 of the host 108 that is identified by the particular host identifier. Get table snapshot message 1508 is sent from a particular load balancing unit 106 for a particular consolidated health and load cache 1208 to an individual host 108 or hosts 108. This get table snapshot message 1508 requests that health and load infrastructure 1202 at hosts 108 provide a snapshot of the respective health and load table 1204 for the respective host 108. This message includes an identification of the requesting load balancing unit 106 and may be used by a load balancing unit 106 (i) after it has failed and then recovered; (ii) after a host 108 fails, recovers, and begins sending heartbeat messages 1502 again; (iii) if a row change message 1506 is sent to load balancing unit 106, but the message gets dropped, so its consolidated health and load cache 1208 is out of sync with the respective health and load table 1204 for the respective host 108; and (iv) so forth. For the third (iii) situation, the lack of synchronization between consolidated health and load cache 1208 and the respective health and load table 1204 for the respective host 108 is discovered by a subsequent heartbeat message 1502 from the respective host 108 because the "error checking" will indicate that consolidated health and load cache 1208 is out of date. Load balancing unit 106 can then send a get table snapshot message 1508 so that it can update its consolidated health and load cache 1208. Thus, for any of the three (i, ii, iii) exemplary situations, load balancing unit 106 subsequently reconstitutes its consolidated health and load cache 1208 using get table snapshot 1508. Get table snapshot 1508 may be sent repeatedly to each host 108 in a point-to-point manner or may be sent one time to many hosts 108 in a multicast manner. Send table snapshot message 1510 is sent from an individual host 108 to a particular load balancing unit 106 after the individual host 108 has received a get table snapshot message 1508 from the particular load balancing unit 106 as indicated by arrow 1516. The contents of a send table snapshot message 1510 is prepared by health and load infrastructure 1202 and may include all or at least multiple rows of the health and load table 1204 of the individual host 108 so that the particular load balancing unit 106 may rebuild its consolidated health and load cache 1208. Send table snapshot message 1510 may be a separately designed message, or it may be equivalent to a sequence of add operations in a row change message 1506. Postulate table state message 1512 and postulate wrong message 1514 are related to the target load balancing state and the current load balancing state of load balancer directive 1302(C) of an entry 1302 in a health and load table 1204. The target load balancing state is the directive that health and load infrastructure 1202 desires load balancing units 106 to be operating under. The current load balancing state is the directive that health and load Infrastructure 1202 expects or believes that load balancing units 106 are currently operating under. Generally, the two load balancing states are identical. However, the target load balancing state may differ from the current load balancing state during a transitional period for a state directive change. For example, the target load balancing state and the current load balancing state are both initially set to active. A problem with host 108 and/or an application 316 thereof is detected and the target load balancing state directive is switched to draining. This draining directive is communicated to load balancing units 106 using a row change message 1506. There is a delay before this directive change is noted in all consolidated health and load caches 1208 of all load balancing units 106. During this transitional period, the target load balancing state is draining while the current load balancing state is still active at health and load table 1204 of host 108. Before changing the current load balancing state to draining, health and load infrastructure 1202 wants to ensure that consolidated health and load caches 1208 have actually been updated to the new directive state of draining. To verify that consolidated health and load caches 1208 of load balancing units 106 have been updated to a new state directive, health and load infrastructure 1202 sends a postulate table state message 1512 to load balancing units 106. Postulate table state message 1512 is sent some time (e.g., a predetermined delay period) after transmission of a row change message 1506 indicating that the state directive is to be changed. The postulate table state message 1512, in this example, indicates that the table state should be draining. As indicated by the dashed arrow 1518, a load balancing unit 106 responds to this postulate table state message 1512 if its consolidated health and load cache 1208 differs from the postulated state directive. If the directive in consolidated health and load cache 1208 does differ from the postulated state directive, then that load balancing unit 106 sends a postulate wrong message 1514 to the health and load infrastructure 1202 of the host 108 that issued the postulate table state message 1512. This health and load infrastructure 1202 then periodically resends postulate table state message 1512 until no further postulate wrong messages 1514 are received from consolidated health and load caches 1208. At that point, health and load infrastructure 1202 sends a row change message 1506 with the new current load balancing state. In this sense, consolidated health and load caches 1208 are the definitive determiners of the current load balancing state, and health and load infrastructure 1202 is the definitive determiner of the target load balancing state. FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary message transmission scheme for the communications that are illustrated in FIG. 12 between hosts 108 and load balancing units 106. The exemplary message transmission scheme can reduce the bandwidth consumed by heartbeat messages 1502 on communication linkage 1210. The message transmission scheme of FIG. 16 is particularly adapted to heartbeat messages 1502, but it may also be utilized for other messages of message protocol 1500. A group of hosts 108(1), 108(2), 108(3) ... 108(11), and 108(12) are illustrated along with load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u). Each line represents membership linkage or inclusion among the group of hosts 108(1, 2 ... 12). The group of hosts 108(1, 2 ... 12) form a membership of nodes that work together to propagate heartbeat information to load balancing units 106. Although twelve hosts are shown, more or fewer may be part of any given group of hosts. Also, a total set of hosts 108 that are being served by a load balancing infrastructure 106 may be divided into one, two, three, or more groups of hosts. In a described implementation, the membership of nodes for group of hosts 108(1, 2 ... 12) elect a leader that is responsible for transmitting heartbeat messages 1502 to load balancing units 106. Each (non-leading) host 108 in group of hosts 108(1, 2 ... 12) sends its heartbeat messages 1502 to the elected leader. Host 108(4) is the elected leader in this example. With the membership of nodes, heartbeat information for each host 108 in group of hosts 108(1, 2 ... 12) propagates to the group leader host 108(4). Host 108(4) collects the heartbeat information and consolidates it into a consolidated heartbeat message 1602. Consolidated heartbeat messages 1602(1), 1602(2) ... 1602(u) are then sent to respective load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u). These consolidated heartbeat messages 1602 may optionally be compressed to further reduce bandwidth consumption. As another alternative, the leader host 108(4) may only forward changes in group membership to consolidated health and load caches 1208. In other words, in this mode, consolidated health and load caches 1208 deal primarily if not solely with state changes to membership. It is the responsibility of the leader host 108(4) to ensure that the first hello is forwarded when a host 108 comes online and that a goodbye message 1504 gets sent when that host 108 goes offline. Additionally, a host 108 can periodically specify that a heartbeat message 1502 is to be "forwarded". This indicates to the leader host 108(4) to send it to consolidated health and load caches 1208 even though it does not represent a membership change. Heartbeat messages 1502 (including consolidated heartbeat messages 1602) are used by load balancing units 106 when their consolidated health and load caches 1208 are unsynchronized with health and load tables 1204. This lack of synchronization may arise, for example, from a crash or other failure of consolidated health and load cache 1208 and/or of load balancing unit 106. As described above, each heartbeat message 1502 includes error checking data that is usable to verify equivalency between a consolidated health and load cache 1208 and health and load tables 1204. If non-equivalency is discovered with regard to a particular host 108 and/or an application 316 thereof, the DNS name of the particular host 108 is acquired from the heartbeat messages 1502. The DNS name is used by consolidated health and load cache 1208 to send a get table snapshot message 1508 to the particular host 108 in order to get updated health and load information 1206 in the form of a send table snapshot message 1510. A different or the same get table snapshot message 1508 is sent to each host 108 for which non-equivalency is discovered. Eventually, the health and load information 1206 in the consolidated health and load cache 1208 is equivalent to the health and load information 1206 in health and load tables 1204 as verifiable by new heartbeat messages 1502. In this manner, a failed consolidated health and load cache 1208 can be bootstrapped back into operation without manual oversight using message protocol 1500 and an equivalency-checking scheme. FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B illustrate exemplary health and load information proxy storage scenarios for health and load tables 1204 and for consolidated health and load caches 1208, respectively. In implementations described above with reference to FIGS. 12-16, hosts 108 include health and load infrastructure 1202. However, other implementations may entail hosts that do not include health and load infrastructure 1202. For example, a host may be running a version of application(s) and/or an operating system for which health and load infrastructure is either not implemented or for policy reasons may not be installed on the host. Consequently, these types of hosts do not have health and load infrastructure 1202 executing thereon. Host 1702 is such a host that does not execute health and load infrastructure 1202. Nevertheless, host 1702 can utilize a health and load infrastructure 1202 that is executing on one or more proxies, such as proxy 1704. Proxy 1704 has resident thereat and executing thereon a health and load infrastructure 1202, which includes a health and load table 1204. Host 1702 can use the functionality of health and load infrastructure 1202 by providing health and load information 1206 to health and load table 1204 for applications that are running on host 1702. Alternatively, proxy 1704 can deduce health and load on host 1702 by performing external monitoring actions. Proxy 1704 is illustrated as proxy 1704(1) and 1704(2) for redundancy and the resulting high availability. In implementations described above with reference to FIGS. 12-16 and below with reference to FIG. 18, load balancing is effectuated with load balancing units 106 that include consolidated health and load caches 1208. However, other implementations may entail load balancing that does not include consolidated health and load caches 1208. For example, load balancing may be effectuated by monolithic load balancing hardware or other load balancing infrastructure that does not and/or cannot store or otherwise include a consolidated health and load cache 1208. Load balancer 1706 reflects such a load balancing device or devices that do not have a consolidated health and load cache 1208. Nevertheless, load balancer 1706 can utilize a consolidated health and load cache 1208 that exists on one or more proxies, such as proxy 1708. Proxy 1708 includes a consolidated health and load cache 1208, which stores health and load information 1206 for hosted applications being serviced by load balancer 1706. Load balancer 1706 can use the health and load information 1206 of consolidated health and load cache 1208 when performing load balancing functions by accessing such information using application programming interfaces (APIs) native to and supported by load balancer 1706. Alternatively, consolidated health and load cache 1208 can invoke APIs to push health and load information 1206, including directives, to load balancer 1706. Proxy 1708 is illustrated as proxy 1708(1) and 1708(2) for redundancy and the resulting high availability. FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary target application endpoint allotment procedure that involves a classifier 304 and a health and load handler 314 of a load balancing unit 106. After health and load handler 314 has acquired a consolidated health and load cache 1208, health and load information 1206 thereof is utilized in the selection of application endpoints for new requests/connections. As described above with reference to FIG. 13B, consolidated health and load cache 1208 includes cached health and load information 1206 for multiple hosts 108. To facilitate the creation and updating of consolidated health and load cache 1208 from health and load information 1206 that originates from multiple hosts 108, the health and load information 1206 therein is organized so that it may be accessed by identifier of each host 108. However, the health and load information 1206 therein is also organized such that it can be accessed by type of application 316 in order to facilitate application endpoint selection. In other words, health and load handler 314 is capable of accessing health and load information 1206 on a per-application 316 basis across health and load information 1206 for multiple hosts 108. Once health and load information 1206 for a given application 316 has been accessed for each host 108, allocation of incoming connection requests may be performed in accordance with such health and load information 1206. For example, possible endpoints for the given application 316 may be allocated to incoming connection requests by selection of Responsive to the mapping of host 108(2) to the requested session context as ascertained by session affinity preserver 1904 from host-session information mapping 1906, connection [2] is routed to host 108(2). In this sense, preserving session affinity is a higher priority for load balancing infrastructure 106 than application health and load-based network load balancing decisions. However, health and/or load may be a more important network load balancing factor than session tracking when, for example, loading is extremely heavy or when the session-relevant application and/or host is in a failed condition. Many types of connections may be session-related. Examples include: a TCP connection, a transport layer security (TLS)/SSL session, a PPTP session, an IPSec/L2TP session, an ISA session, an HTTP cookie-based session, a Terminal Server session, an administrator-defined session, and so forth. By way of clarification, a TCP connection is considered to be a session of TCP packets. Also, a model for defining sessions by an administrator may be enumerated and supported. Furthermore, client IP-address-based sessions that are delineated by timeouts may also be supported. This is relatively non-intelligent session support, but is expected by some users. A connection request from a client 102 varies by the type of desired session. For example, for sessions of type "TCP connection", the connection request comprises a TCP packet. For sessions of type "SSL session", the connection request comprises a TCP connection. Other such connection requests correspond to other session types. These examples also show how there may be session layers. At a lower session level, a session context for a TCP connection may include a TCP 4-tuple, a session number, the number of bytes sent/received, and so forth. At a higher session level, a session context for an SSL session may include a 32-byte session ID, a public key of the client 102 that is provided to the host 108, and so forth. FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary network load balancing approach that involves, communicating session information using notifications 2006 and messages 2008. Multiple load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) and multiple hosts 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) are shown. Each respective host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) includes one or more respective applications 316(1), 316(2) ... 316(n) which are resident thereat and executing thereon. Notifications 2006 are used to provide session information from applications 316, and messages 2008 are used to provide session information from hosts 108 to load balancing units 106. As illustrated, each respective host 108(1), 108(2) ... 108(n) includes respective session tracking infrastructure (STI) 2002(1), 2002(2) ... 2002(n). Each respective session tracking infrastructure 2002(1), 2002(2) ... 2002(n) includes a respective session table 2014(1), 2014(2) ... 2014(n) (although only session table 2014(1) is explicitly illustrated in FIG. 19). Each respective load balancing unit 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) includes respective traffic routing functionality (TRF) 2012(1), 2012(2) ... 2012(u). Traffic routing functionality 2012 may comprise, for example, classifying and/or requesting routing functionality, such as that provided by classifier 304 and request router 306, respectively. Distributed across load balancing units 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) is a distributed session tracking manager 2010. In a described implementation, traffic routing functionality 2012 and distributed session tracking manager 2010 are part of load balancing infrastructure 106. Session tracking infrastructure 2002 may also be (e.g., a remote) part of load balancing infrastructure 106. An API 2004 is employed to provide session information from applications 316 to session tracking infrastructure 2002. Using API 2004, applications 316 are empowered to notify session tracking infrastructure 2002 of session information, including various changes thereto. More specifically, each application 316 is capable of providing, and session tracking infrastructure 2002 is capable of accepting, notifications 2006. A notification that a session has been established (or session establishment notification 2006(E)) is provided from application 316 when a session is newly established or opened. Session establishment notification 2006(E) includes a session identifier and optionally an identifier of application 316. A notification that a session has been terminated (or session termination notification 2006(T)) is provided from application 316 when a session is terminated or closed. Session termination notification 2006(T) also includes the session identifier and optionally the identifier of application 316. When session tracking infrastructure 2002 accepts a session establishment notification 2006(E), it inserts an entry in session table 2014 for the new session. An exemplary session table 2014 is described further below with reference to FIG. 23A. When session tracking infrastructure 2002 accepts a session termination notification 2006(T), it removes the entry in session table 2014 for the old session. Session table 2014(1) is the authoritative source for session information 1902 with respect to applications 316(1) on host 108(1). There is generally too much latency, however, to require traffic routing functionality 2012 to contact hosts 108 for access to session tables 2014 upon receipt of each incoming connection request having a session reference. Session information 1902 is therefore cached at load balancing units 106. At load balancing units 106, distributed session tracking manager 2010 caches session information 1902 as part of its session tracking management responsibilities. Generally, distributed session tracking manager 2010 is a distributed application and/or virtual service that resides partially on each load balancing unit 106. For each logical session, distributed session tracking manager 2010 keeps at least one cached copy of session information therefor in a reliable and scalable manner that may be quickly utilized for routing traffic as incoming connection requests that have a session reference are received by load balancing infrastructure 106. Communications between hosts 108 and load balancing units 106 are effectuated with a reliable protocol that ensures that messages 2008 sent from a host 108 arrive at the intended load balancing unit 106. Each host 108 is bound to at least one specific load balancing unit 106 that is the intended load balancing unit 106 for messages 2008. This binding is created by assigning an IP address of a specific load balancing unit 106 to each host 108 for sending session-tracking messages 2008 between session tracking infrastructure 2002 and distributed session tracking manager 2010. To facilitate high availability of load balancing infrastructure 106, if a load balancing unit 106 fails, another load balancing unit 106 assumes the IP address of the failed load balancing unit 106. Failure detection for IP address assumption may be accomplished using a heartbeat or another aliveness monitoring scheme. Thus, messages 2008 communicate session information 1902 from session tracking infrastructure 2002 to distributed session tracking manager 2010. For example, when session tracking infrastructure 2002 accepts a session establishment notification 2006(E), it also sends a session up message 2008(U) to distributed session tracking manager 2010. Session up message 2008(U) includes the session identifier, a host identifier, and optionally other information. Contents for a session up message 2008(U) are described further below with reference to FIG. 23B with respect to information that may be stored for each session by an implementation of distributed session tracking manager 2010. When session tracking infrastructure 2002 accepts a session termination notification 2006(T), it also sends a session down message 2008(D) to distributed session tracking manager 2010. Messages 2008 can be sent before, during, or after session tracking infrastructure 2002 appropriately modifies session table 2014 in response to notifications 2006. FIG. 21 is a flow diagram 2100 that illustrates an exemplary method for network load balancing that involves communicating session information using notifications and messages. Flow diagram 2100 includes fifteen blocks 2102-2130. Although the actions of flow diagram 2100 may be performed in other environments and with a variety of software schemes, FIGS. 1-3 and 19-20 are used in particular to illustrate certain aspects and examples of the method. For example, the actions of four blocks 2102-2104 and 2118-2120 are performed by an application 316, the actions of six blocks 2106-2110 and 2122-2126 are performed by session tracking infrastructure 2002, and the actions of five blocks 2112-2116 and 2128-2130 are performed by a distributed session tracking manager 2010. The actions of eight of these blocks 2102-2116 are primarily directed to opening a session, and the actions of seven of these blocks 2118-2130 are primarily directed to closing a session. At block 2102, a session is opened. For example, application 316 may open a session with a client 102. At block 2104, a session establishment notification is provided. For example, application 316 may provide a session establishment notification 2006(E) to session tracking infrastructure 2002 using API 2004 as a consequence of and/or in conjunction with opening the session. '. ' At block 2106, the session establishment notification is accepted. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may accept session establishment notification 2006(E) from application 316 in accordance with API 2004. At block 2108, an entry in a session table is inserted. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may insert an entry in session table 2014 for the opened session. Examples of such insertion are described further below especially with reference to FIG. 23 A. At block 2110, a session up message is sent. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may send a session up message 2008(U) to distributed session tracking manager 2010 using a reliable communication protocol. At block 2112, the session up message is received. For example, distributed session tracking manager 2010 may receive session up message 2008(U) from session tracking infrastructure 2002 in accordance with the reliable communication protocol. At block 2114, a session information entry is created. For example, distributed session tracking manager 2010 may create a session information entry for cached session information 1902 at one or more load balancing units 106. Examples of such creating and subsequent adding are described further below especially with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23B. At block 2116, network traffic is routed with the session information. For example, traffic routing functionality 2012 in conjunction with distributed session tracking manager 2010 may use cached session information 1902, including the created session information entry, to route incoming connection requests that have a session reference. An example of such traffic routing is described further below especially with reference to FIG. 24. Additional examples are described below in the section entitled "Exemplary Classifying, Forwarding, and Request Routing". At block 2118, the session is closed. For example, application 316 may close the session with client 102. At block 2120, a session termination notification is provided. For example, application 316 may provide a session termination notification 2006(T) to session tracking infrastructure 2002 using API 2004 as a consequence of and/or in conjunction with closing the session. At block 2122, the session termination notification is accepted. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may accept session termination notification 2006(T) from application 316 in accordance with API 2004. At block 2124, the entry in the session table is removed. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may remove the entry in session table 2014 for the closed session. At block 2126, a session down message is sent. For example, session tracking infrastructure 2002 may send a session down message 2008(D) to distributed session tracking manager 2010 using the reliable communication protocol. At block 2128, the session down message is received. For example, distributed session tracking manager 2010 may receive session down message 2008(D) from session tracking infrastructure 2002 in accordance with the reliable communication protocol. At block 2130, the session information entry is destroyed. For example, distributed session tracking manager 2010 may destroy the session information entry at the cached session information 1902 at any load balancing units 106 that have the session information entry. Examples of such destroying and subsequent deleting are described further below especially with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23B. FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary approach to managing session information at multiple load balancing units 106. Each respective load balancing unit 106(1), 106(2) ... 106(u) includes a respective part 2202(1), 2202(2) ... 2202(u) of a distributed atom manager (DAM) 2202. DAM 2202 is an exemplary implementation of distributed session tracking manager 2010. Each respective DAM portion 2202(1), 2202(2) ... 2202(u) includes a respective part 2206(1), 2206(2) ... 2206(u) of a DAM table (DAMT) 2206. DAM 2202 is a distributed application or virtual service that manages session information 1902 in a reliable and scalable manner so that traffic routing functionality 2012 can use it to preserve session affinity. For example, traffic routing functionality 2012 can access DAM 2202 using an API (not specifically shown) to search or have searched DAMT 2206. Function calls 2204, operation of DAM 2202, and other aspects of FIG. 22 are described further below after the description of FIGS. 23 A and 23B. FIG. 23A is an exemplary session table 2014 as illustrated in FIG. 20. Session table 2014 includes "v" entries 2302(1), 2302(2) ... 2302(v). Each entry 2302 is inserted by session tracking infrastructure 2002 responsive to a session establishment notification 2006(E) that is accepted from ah application 316. Each entry 2302 is removed by session tracking infrastructure 2002 responsive to a session termination notification 2006(T) that is accepted from application 316. As described above, each session establishment notification 2006(E) includes a session identifier and optionally an identifier of application 316. Each respective entry 2302(1), 2302(2) ... 2302(v) in session table 2014 includes respective fields of (i) session identifier 2302(11), 2302(21) ... 2302(vl) and (ii) session type and/or application 2302(1T), 2302(2T) ... 2302(vT). Session type and/or application 2302(T) may be "TCP", "IPSEC", "Terminal Server," "HTTP-cookie", an application type as noted above, and so forth. Session identifier 2302(1) may be "", "Client IP = 172.30.189.122", "User = 'joe_user"\ "Cookie = '{b7595cc9-e68b-4eb0-9bfl-bb717b31d447}'", another e.g. application-specific identification for a session, and so forth. For TCP connection/session types, session identifier 2302(1) may alternatively be a canonical version of the TCP 4-tuple (for IPv4 or IPv6). Other values for the fields of session identifier 2302(1) and application/session type 2302(T) may alternatively be used. FIG. 23B is an exemplary distributed atom manager (DAM) table (DAMT) 2206 as illustrated in FIG. 22. DAM table 2206 includes "w" entries 2304(1), 2304(2) ... 2304(w). Each session information entry 2304 is created by DAM 2202 responsive to a session up message 2008(U) that is received from session tracking infrastructure 2002. Each session information entry 2304 is destroyed responsive to a session down message 2008(D) that is received from session tracking infrastructure 2002. As described further below, session information entries 2304 of DAM tables* 2206 may actually be manipulated'by DAM 2202 using function calls 2204. As described above, session up message 2008(U) includes the session identifier, a host identifier, and optionally other information. Each respective session information entry 2304(1), 2304(2) ... 2304(w) in DAM table 2206 includes respective fields of (i) key 2304(1K), 2304(2K) ... 2304(wK), (ii) data 2304(1D), 2304(2D) ... 2304(wD), and (iii) metadata 2304(1M), 2304(2M) ... 2304(wM). For example, values for key 2304(K) fields may be alphanumeric strings, and values for data 2304(D) fields may be binary bits. Values for key , 2304(K) may be binary bits, too. Key 2304(K) may correspond to the session identifier 2302(1). Data 2304(D) may correspond to the host identifier, such as a network address of the host 108 on which the session context exists. Metadata 2304(M) may correspond to other, optional information. Examples of such metadata 2304(M) include data that is used internally by DAM 2202 to resolve atom collisions and to track atom aliveness (e.g., via a time-out mechanism). (This characterization of entries 2304 as being atomic is described more fully in the following paragraph.) More specifically, metadata 2304(M) includes, among other things, the identity of the entity (e.g., the instance of traffic routing functionality 2012) that added the session information entry 2304 to the DAM table 2206. In a described implementation, each session information entry 2304 is atomic in the sense that DAM 2202 may add, delete, copy, etc. the entries 2304 as a whole, but DAM 2202 does not ordinarily modify a portion of any whole entry 2304. Thus, atomic entries 2304 are added, deleted, copied, otherwise manipulated, etc. across DAM tables 2206 by DAM 2202 in order to implement availability and scalability for a session affinity preservation implementation. Function calls 2204 (of FIG. 22) are usable by DAM 2202 to manipulate the atomic entries 2304 of DAM table 2206. Function calls 2204 may be communicated from one load balancing unit 106 to one or more other load balancing units 106 in a point-to-point or a multicast manner. These function calls include add atom 2204(A), delete atom 2204(D), query atom 2204(Q), and return atom 2204(R). Add atom 2204(A) takes the form AddAtom(key, data) and is used to add an atomic entry 2304 to one or more DAM tables 2206. Hence, an add atom 2204(A) function call may be formulated as AddAtom( through <7>. At <1>, an initialization is performed prior to classification operations. Protocol stack 3404 makes queries at protocol-hardware interface layer 3406 to determine what offloading capabilities, if any, are available. Migrator intermediate driver 3414 indicates that connection migration offloading is available and propagates the query down to PNI miniport 3408. If a TCP chimney offload ability is provided by a physical network interface 3410, PNI miniport 3408 also so indicates. TCP chimney offload enables some TCP/IP processing to be offloaded to the hardware of physical network interface 3410 and involves some compiling of protocol state 3420. Consequently, some compiling and aggregation logic may be shared between the two offloading mechanisms. "" At <2>, once a TCP connection has been classified, classifier 304 initiates a TCP connection migration to a selected host 108. Specifically, a migration command indicating a targeted device 3500 is issued via socket layer 3402 to migrator shim 3412. At <3>, migrator shim 3412 initiates TCP connection migration to compile the TCP protocol state. Specifically, migrator shim 3412 invokes a TCP initiate migrate offload API (or more generally a migrate connection function call or migrate connection command). This routine compiles the relevant state for the specified TCP connection that is used to reinstate the connection on the targeted device 3500. The compiled protocol state 3420 includes, state from the intermediate stack layers, including TCP stack 3404(T), IP stack 3404(1), and ARP stack 3404(A). At <4>, once protocol stack 3404 has compiled protocol state 3420 for the TCP connection being migrated, it invokes an initiate migrate offload API on the miniport to which it is bound; in this example, that miniport is migrator intermediate driver 3414. However, in practice, there may be other intermediate drivers inserted between protocol stack 3404 and migrator intermediate driver 3414, such as IP QoS. If so, those IM drivers may participate in the migration, if relevant, by compiling/aggregating their state to the connection state information for the connection being migrated. Intermediate drivers continue to propagate the initiate migrate offload call down the network stack, which eventually results in execution of a migrate offload handler at migrator intermediate driver 3414. At this point, migrator intermediate driver 3414 also aggregates any acknowledged data with the remaining connection state for transfer of the TCP connection to targeted device 3500. At <5>, after storing/copying connection state information for the TCP connection being migrated, migrator intermediate driver 3414 notifies the network stack that the migration is in its final stages by invoking an initiate migrate offload complete API. This initiate migrate offload complete API follows the reverse path up the network stack, through the same intermediate drivers (if any), and eventually to protocol stack 3404. As each layer processes this call, state information that is associated with the migrated connection may be released. Until the processing of this call is complete, each layer may send updating notifications down the network stack to update any part of the connection state that has changed since the migration was initiated. At <6>, when the initiate migrate offload complete routine reaches TCP stack 3404(T), TCP silently (i.e., no reset is sent to client 108) closes the connection, flushing all state associated with the migrated connection, and propagates the initiate migrate offload complete call to migrator shim 3412. At this point, the network stack is free of any residual knowledge of the migrated TCP connection. At <7>, when the initiate migrate offload complete call returns to migrator intermediate driver 3414 (via the migrator shim 3412 portion of connection migrator 310), the migration of the TCP connection from originating device 3400 to targeted device 3500 may commence with the transfer of the connection state thereto. The connection state may be transferred asynchronously and reliably. Once migration is initiated, originating device 3400 is also responsible for ensuring that subsequent data from client 108 is forwarded to target device 3500. Consequently, even after the connection is successfully migrated to the target, the originator retains some amount of state for the connection (e.g., a routing table entry) in order to properly route subsequent packets to the target. When the connection is terminated, the target notifies the originator to enable it to purge whatever residual state remains for the migrated connection. Furthermore, as a consequence of the asynchronous nature of the connection migration, data packets for the migrating connection that are forwarded by originating device 3400 (or a forwarder designated thereby if a separate device) may start arriving at targeted device 3500 before targeted device 3500 receives the migrated connection state. Migrator intermediate driver 3414 at targeted device 3500 is responsible for buffering those packets until the associated migrated connection is established on targeted device 3500. FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary approach to an uploading procedure 3700 for a connection migration. Migration uploading procedure 3700 illustrates additional exemplary details for a connection migration by targeted device 3500. When a migrated connection arrives at targeted device 3500, it is relayed to migrator intermediate driver 3414 for processing. After amalgamating and assimilating the migrated connection state, migrator intermediate driver 3414, in conjunction with migrator shim 3412, injects the migrated connection into the local network stack in a manner transparent to application 316. For an exemplary migration uploading procedure 3700, the migration of a TCP connection at points <1> through <8> is described. At <1>, as described above with reference to migration offloading procedure 3600, an initialization is performed prior to application hosting operations. Specifically, protocol stack 3404 makes queries regarding what offloading capabilities, if any, are available. Migrator intermediate driver 3414 fills in the TCP connection migration support query to indicate that connection migration uploading is available and also propagates the query down to PNI miniport 3408 for possible TCP chimney offload capabilities. At <2>, when connection migration data arrives at target device 3500, the connection migration information (e.g., a bundled binary blob 3422) is delivered to migrator intermediate driver 3414. Migrator intermediate driver 3414 reassembles the connection state, matches it up with any associated data that has arrived during the migration, and prepares for the upload onto the network stack. Any data from client 102 that arrives during the process of uploading the migrated connection is buffered by migrator intermediate driver 3414. Upon successful completion of the migration, the data will be delivered to application 316. At <3>, to initiate the upload of the migrated connection into the local network stack, migrator intermediate driver 3414 notifies migrator shim 3412 that a migrated connection request has arrived. Migrator intermediate driver 3414 also delivers the connection state (or at least protocol state 3420) to migrator shim 3412. At <4>, migrator shim 3412 initiates the upload of the migrated connection by invoking a TCP initiate inject routine (or more generally an infuse protocol state routine) and by providing the migrated protocol state 3420 to TCP stack 3404(T). At <5>, TCP/IP recreates the migrated connection throughout protocol stack 3404 using the provided protocol state 3420. This protocol state 3420 may include one or more of transport state (TCP), path state (IP), neighbor and next-hop state (ARP), and so forth. At <6>, if the migrated connection is successfully reestablished on target device 3500, TCP initiates a connect event to a client portion of migrator shim 3412 to indicate that a new connection has been established. There are a multitude of possible reasons-for failure, but common reasons may include the lack of a corresponding listener, routing failure, etc. In these cases where the network stack is unable to reestablish the migrated connection, no connect event is indicated and a failure status is specified in the initiate inject complete call. Connection migrator 310 is responsible for cleaning up the migration and for sending a reset notification back to client 102 to abandon the connection. At <7>, migrator shim 3412 acts as a provider to propagate the connect event to socket layer 3402 so as to indicate to the listening application 316 that a new connection has been established. If the application 316 accepts the connection, it processes the requests and responds through normal read and write socket operations; application 316 can be unaware that the connection was migrated. If the connection is not accepted by the application 316, TCP terminates the connection but does not send a reset notification back to client 102. Again, a failure status is specified in the initiate inject complete call, and connection migrator 310 is responsible for cleaning up the migration and for sending a reset notification back to client 102 to abandon the connection. A special situation arises when application 316 and classifier 304 are co-located on the same device: migrator shim 3412 may referee between them. When both classes of programs reside on the same host 108, they may both be listening to the same IP address(es) and port(s). However, TCP typically has one listener per unique IP address and port. Consequently, migrator shim 3412 can obscure a configuration where two programs are listening on the same IP address and port by multiplexing the two sockets into a single listener at the TCP layer. In such a case, when connect events arrive at the client portion of migrator shim 3412, migrator shim 3412 as a provider determines on which listening socket to deliver the connect notification at socket layer 3402. If there is only one socket listening to the corresponding IP address and port, then that socket receives the connect event. If there is more than one socket listening, then the recipient depends on the context in which the connect event is indicated. If the connect event is a brand new connection for a virtual IP address, then the connect event is delivered to classifier 304; if the connect event is for a dedicated IP address (non- load-balanced IP address) or the result of uploading a migrated connection, then the connect event is delivered to the target application 316. At <8>, once the injection of the migrated connection is complete, TCP notifies migrator shim 3412 by invoking the provided initiate inject complete handler. A status code is provided to notify migrator shim 3412 whether or not the connection was successfully uploaded. If uploading of the migrated connection fails, connection migrator 310 is responsible for cleaning up the migration and for notifying client 102 that the connection has been abandoned by sending it a reset. If the migrated connection was successfully injected into the local network stack, migrator intermediate driver 3414 may begin delivering any buffered data from client 102 by passing the received packet(s) up through the packet receive path of protocol-hardware interface 3406. When a migrated connection is terminated (because uploading failed, because the migrated connection is subsequently closed through normal means, etc.), target device 3500 notifies originating device 3400. Originating device 3400 uses these notifications to more efficiently and reliably clean out lingering state for migrated connections, including routing table entries. Therefore, to account for successfully migrated connections which terminate arbitrarily in the future, migrator shim 3412 may monitor their activity and notify migrator intermediate driver 3414 when the sockets therefor are closed. FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary approach to packet tunneling between a forwarder 302 and a host 108. Encapsulated packets 3808 may be tunneled from forwarder 302 to host 108 without incurring overhead for each packet transmitted. As described further below, the tunneling is effectuated using a flow identifier 3814 and encapsulation mapping tables 3806 and 3810 of tunnelers 312(F) and 312(H), respectively, of forwarder 302 and host 108, respectively. Flow identifier 3814 is inserted into encapsulated packets 3808. As noted above with reference to FIG. 32, packets for a connection that arrive subsequent to a connection migration may be routed by forwarder 302 to host 108(1) using tunneling by a tunneler 312. At (8) (of FIG. 32), forwarder 302 forwards such subsequent packets from forwarder 302 having a network address of "F" to host 108(1) having a network address of "HI". As described above with reference to FIG. 4, forwarder 302 may perform NAT, half-NAT, tunneling, etc. in order to route the incoming packets to host 108(1). Such incoming packets include a destination IP address of the virtual IP ("VIP") address and a source IP address of "CI" for packets arriving from client 102(1). The packets being routed to host 108(1) have a destination IP address of HI and a source address of CI (for half-NAT) or "F" (for full NAT). This rewriting of the addresses can interfere with some protocols that expect both of client 102(1) and host 108(1) to have identical views of the source and destination addresses. Furthermore, at least with respect to full NAT, return paths from host 108(1) to client 102(1) that do not run through forwarder 302 are prohibitive because host 108(1) does not know the address of client 102(1). Direct paths from host 108(1) to client 102(1) are desirable in situations in which traffic from host 108(1) to client 102(1) is especially high and/or significantly greater than traffic in the opposite direction (e.g., when host 108(1) provides streaming media to client 102(1)). Tunneling by tunnelers 312 as described herein can provide for identical views with respect to the source and destination addresses (and ports) for clients 102 and applications 316 on hosts 108. By way of example and with reference to FIGS. 34 and 35, tunneler 312 in each of forwarder 302 and host 108 may operate as part of or in conjunction with a migrator intermediate driver 3414 of a connection migrator 310. In a described implementation for FIG. 38, connection migrator 310 provides an encapsulation mapping 3812 between a flow identifier 3814 and a TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. Connection migrator 310 may be associated with a classifier 304, and connection migrator 310 (optionally along with such a classifier 304) may be located on a same device as forwarder 302. Alternatively, connection migrator 310 (as well as the classifier 304) may be located on a different device from forwarder 302. Encapsulation mapping 3812 may alternatively be provided by or in conjunction with tunneler 312 functionality that is, for example, located at and/or associated with a classifier 304. By being mapped to a TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 in encapsulation mapping 3812, flow identifier 3814 serves to identify a flow of encapsulated packets 3808 for a particular connection. TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 includes network addresses (and ports, etc.) for the source and destination for a particular connection in accordance with a TCP/IP protocol, or any similar or analogous protocol. Flow identifier 3814 is 32 bits in a described implementation because this allows the flow identifier to be encoded in the source and destination port fields of the TCP segment header in the tunneled packet, which enables the tunneled packet to be transmitted without any tunneling space overhead. At the destination, the TCP/IP 4-tuple can be determined by looking up the 4-tuple that is linked to the flow identifier as extracted from the source and destination port fields. However, flow identifiers 3814 of other lengths may alternatively be used, especially for other protocols such as internet RTP, etc. Each flow identifier 3814 can identify a unique connection from the device that is originating the tunneling (which is forwarder 302 in this example). Flow identifiers 3814 may be generated using any appropriate mechanism, such as an incrementing connection counter. Alternatively, the TCP/IP receiver Initial Sequence Number (ISN) generated by the connection migrator can serve as flow identifiers 3814. Furthermore, TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 is more generally a source/destination pair. Each source value and destination value of an individual source/destination pair may include a network node identifier (e.g., network address, port, some combination thereof, etc.) for the source and destination, respectively, of a given packet propagating on a particular connection. Connection migrator 310 provides encapsulation mapping 3812 to host 108. Tunneler 312(H) at host 108 stores encapsulation mapping 3812 in encapsulation mapping table 3810 as encapsulation mapping entry 3810(1). Tunneler 312(H) can thereafter use flow identifier 3814 to map to and identify the particular connection corresponding to TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. Encapsulation mapping 3812 may optionally be provided to host 108 as part of a bundled binary blob 3422 in a connection migration operation. Forwarder 302 also includes a tunneler 312(F) component with an encapsulation mapping table 3806. Encapsulation mapping table 3806 stores an encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1) that links/maps TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 for a particular connection to a flow identifier 3814. Tunneler 312(F) also receives the mapping information for encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1) from connection migrator 310 (e.g., as an encapsulation mapping 3812). Although only one encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1) and 3810(1) is shown, each of encapsulation mapping table 3806 and encapsulation mapping table 3810 may have multiple such entries. These encapsulation mapping tables 3806 and 3810 may be combined with other information, such as tables for session information of session tracker 308. When a transmitting device (such as forwarder 302) and a receiving device (such as host 108) of encapsulated packets 3808 only tunnel between each other, the encapsulation mapping tables thereof likely have the same encapsulation mapping entries. Otherwise, encapsulation mapping table 3806 and encapsulation mapping table 3810 likely have a different total set of encapsulation mapping entries 3806() and encapsulation mapping entries 3810(), respectively. In operation, an incoming packet 3802 for a particular connection is received at forwarder 302. The particular connection is associated with TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. Incoming packet 3802 includes TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 with a source IP address (of a client 102), a destination IP address (the virtual IP), a source TCP port (of the client 102), and a destination TCP port. Tunneler 312(F) accepts incoming packet 3802 for tunneling to host 108. Using TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804, tunneler 312(F) accesses encapsulation mapping table 3806 to locate encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1). Flow identifier 3814 is extracted from encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1) as being linked/mapped to TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. To create encapsulated packet 3808, tunneler 312(F) inserts flow identifier 3814 into the source and destination port portions of the TCP/IP 4-tuple header. These two TCP portions are 16 bits each, which allows a 32-bit flow identifier 3814 to be inserted. Also, for the source IP address portion of the TCP/IP 4-tuple header, tunneler 312(F) inserts the IP address "F" of forwarder 302. For the destination IP address portion of the TCP/IP 4-tuple header, tunneler 312(F) inserts the IP address "H" of host 108. Forwarder 302 routed/transmits encapsulated packet 3808 to host 108, and host 108 receives encapsulated packet 3808 from forwarder 302. The tunneler 312(H) component at host 108 detects that encapsulated packet 3808 is a tunneled packet that is to be de-encapsulated. Flow identifier 3814 is extracted from encapsulated packet 3808 and used to look up the corresponding TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 that is linked thereto in encapsulation mapping entry 3810(1) of encapsulation mapping table 3810. TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 is used by tunneler 312(H) to recreate the TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 header as originally received in incoming packet 3802 at forwarder 302. Specifically, the IP address F of forwarder 302 is replaced with the source IP address, and the IP address H of host 108 is replaced with the destination IP address. Furthermore, flow identifier 3814 is replaced by the source TCP port and the destination TCP port. The de-encapsulated packet is then indicated up the network stack of host 108 to the targeted application 316. More generally, a portion of a packet header, including a portion of a source/destination pair, for a given packet that is not necessarily used for communicating the given packet may be used to carry a flow identifier 3814. By pre-providing at least part of the source/destination pair at host 108, a flow identifier 3814 may be employed to runnel (e.g., encapsulate and/or de-encapsulate) packets without incurring an encapsulation overhead on each packet. Furthermore, packets that are full-size with respect to a given protocol may be tunneled without being fragmented. FIG. 39 is a flow diagram 3900 that illustrates an exemplary method for packet tunneling between a first device and a second device. For example, the first device and the second device may correspond to an originating device 3400 and a target device 3500, respectively, of load balancing infrastructure 106 and a cluster of hosts 108, respectively. Nevertheless, tunneling may be employed in non-load-balancing implementations. Flow diagram 3900 includes twelve blocks 3902-3924. Although the actions of flow diagram 3900 may be performed in other environments and with a variety of software schemes, FIGS. 1-3, 32, 34, 35, and 38 are used in particular to illustrate certain aspects and examples of the method. At block 3902, a mapping of a flow identifier-to-TCP/IP 4-tuple is sent to a target device from an originating device. For example, originating device 3400 may send an encapsulation mapping 3812 that links a flow identifier 3814 to a TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. At block 3914, the mapping of the flow identifier-to-the TCP/IP 4-tuple is received at the target device from the originating device. For example, target device 3500 receives encapsulation mapping 3812 that links flow identifier 3814 to TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 from originating device 3400. Alternatively, target device 3500 may receive encapsulation mapping 3812 from another device. As indicated by dashed arrows 3926 and 3928, the actions of blocks 3904-3912 and blocks 3916-3924 can occur at some time after the actions of blocks 3902 and 3914, respectively. At block 3904, an incoming packet is received at the originating device from a client. For example, an incoming packet 3802 having a header with TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 may be received at originating device 3400 from a client 102. At block 3906, a flow identifier is looked up for a connection corresponding to the client's packet using the TPC/IP 4-tuple of the incoming packet. For example, flow identifier 3814 may be looked up for the connection with client 102 using TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 that is mapped thereto in an encapsulation mapping entry 3806(1) of an encapsulation mapping table 3806. At block 3908, the source IP and destination IP of the incoming packet are replaced with an originating IP address of the originating device and a target IP address of the target device, respectively. For example, originating device 3400 may replace the IP address portions of the TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 portion of a header of incoming packet 3802 with IP addresses of originating device 3400 and target device 3500. At block 3910, the source port and the destination port of the incoming packet are replaced with the flow identifier. For example, originating device 3400 may replace source and destination TCP ports of the TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 portion of the header of incoming packet 3802 with flow identifier 3814. At block 3912, the encapsulated packet is sent from the originating device to the target device. For example, originating device 3400 may send an encapsulated packet 3808 to target device 3500. At block 3916, the encapsulated packet is received at the target device from the originating device. For example, target device 3500 may receive the encapsulated packet 3808 from originating device 3400. At block 3918, the TCP/IP 4-tuple is looked up for the connection corresponding to the packet received from the client using the flow identifier. For example, target device 3500 may access an encapsulation mapping table 3810 at an encapsulation mapping entry 3810(1) that maps flow identifier 3814 to TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. At block 3920, the originating IP address and the target IP address are replaced with the source IP address and the destination IP address, respectively, using the looked-up TCP/IP 4-tuple. For example, target device 3500 may replace the IP addresses of originating device 3400 and target device 3500 in encapsulated packet 3808 with the source IP address and the destination IP address from TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804 as attained from encapsulation mapping table 3810. At block 3922, the flow identifier is replaced with the source port and the destination port of the incoming packet using the looked up TCP/IP 4-tuple. For example, target device 3500 may replace flow identifier 3814 in encapsulated packet 3808 with the source TCP port and the destination TCP port from TCP/IP 4-tuple 3804. At block 3924, the client's packet is indicated up to an application at the target device. For example, a de-encapsulated version of encapsulated packet 3808, or incoming packet 3802, is indicated up to application 316 of target device 3500. The actions, aspects, features, components, etc. of FIGS. 1-39 are illustrated in diagrams that are divided into multiple blocks. However, the order, interconnections, layout, etc. in which FIGS. 1-39 are described and/or shown is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the blocks can be combined, rearranged, augmented, omitted, etc. in any manner to implement one or more systems, methods, devices, procedures, media, APIs, apparatuses, arrangements, etc. for network load balancing. Furthermore, although the description herein includes references to specific implementations (and the exemplary operating environment of FIG. 40), the illustrated and/or described implementations can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof and using any suitable network organization(s), transport/communication protocols(s), application programming interface(s) (APIs), client-server architecture(s), and so forth. Exemplary Operating Environment for Computer or Other Device FIG. 40 illustrates an exemplary computing (or general device) operating environment 4000 that is capable of (fully or partially) implementing at least one system, device, apparatus, component, arrangement, protocol, approach, method, procedure, media, API, some combination thereof, etc. for network load balancing as described herein. Operating environment 4000 may be utilized in the computer and network architectures described below or in a stand-alone situation. Exemplary operating environment 4000 is only one example of an environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the applicable device (including computer, network node, entertainment device, mobile appliance, general electronic device, etc.) architectures. Neither should operating environment 4000 (or the devices thereof) be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or to any combination of components as illustrated in FIG. 40. Additionally, network load balancing may be implemented with numerous other general purpose or special purpose device (including computing system) environments or configurations. Examples of well known devices, systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, thin clients, thick clients, personal digital assistants (PDAs) or mobile telephones, watches, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, video game machines, game consoles, portable or handheld gaming units, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, network nodes, distributed or multi-processing computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, some combination thereof, and so forth. Implementations for network load balancing may be described in the general context of processor-executable instructions. Generally, processor-executable instructions include routines, programs, protocols, objects, interfaces, components, data structures, etc. that perform and/or enable particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types. Network load balancing, as described in certain implementations herein, may also be practiced in distributed processing environments where tasks are performed by remotely-linked processing devices that are connected through a communications link and/or network. Especially in a distributed computing environment, processor-executable instructions may be located in separate storage media, executed by different processors, and/or propagated over transmission media. Exemplary operating environment 4000 includes a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer 4002, which may comprise any (e.g., electronic) device with computing/processing capabilities. The components of computer 4002 may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 4004, a system memory 4006, and a system bus 4008 that couples various system components including processor 4004 to system"memory 4006. Processors 4004 are not limited by the materials from which they are formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein. For example, processors 4004 may be comprised of semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., electronic integrated circuits (ICs)). In such a context, processor-executable instructions may be electronically-executable instructions. Alternatively, the mechanisms of or for processors 4004, and thus of or for computer 4002, may include, but are not limited to, quantum computing, optical computing, mechanical computing (e.g., using nanotechnology), and so forth. System bus 4008 represents one or more of any of many types of wired or wireless bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a point-to-point connection, a switching fabric, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures may include an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus also known as a Mezzanine bus, some combination thereof, and so forth. Computer 4002 typically includes a variety of processor-accessible media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer 4002 or another (e.g., electronic) device, and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media, and storage and transmission media. System memory 4006 includes processor-accessible storage media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 4040, and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM) 4012. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 4014, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 4002, such as during startup, is typically stored in ROM 4012. RAM 4010 typically contains data and/or program modules/instructions that are immediately accessible to and/or being presently operated on by processing unit 4004. Computer 4002 may also include other removable/non-removable and/or volatile/non-volatile storage media. By way of example, FIG. 40 illustrates a hard disk drive or disk drive array 4016 for reading from and writing to a (typically) non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not separately shown); a magnetic disk drive 4018 for reading from and writing to a (typically) removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk 4020 (e.g., a "floppy disk"); and an optical disk drive 4022 for reading from and/or writing to a (typically) removable, non-volatile optical disk 4024 such as a CD, DVD, or other optical media. Hard disk drive 4016, magnetic disk drive 4018, and optical disk drive 4022 are each connected to system bus 4008 by one or more storage media interfaces 4026. Alternatively, hard disk drive 4016, magnetic disk drive 4018, and optical disk drive 4022 may be connected to system bus 4008 by one or more other separate or combined interfaces (not shown). The disk drives and their associated processor-accessible media provide non-volatile storage of processor-executable instructions, such as data structures, program modules, and other data for computer 4002. Although exemplary computer 4002 illustrates a hard disk 4016, a removable magnetic disk 4020, and a removable optical disk 4024, it is to be appreciated that other types of processor-accessible media may store instructions that are accessible by a device, such as magnetic cassettes or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs) or other optical storage, RAM, ROM, electrically-erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROM), and so forth. Such media may also include so-called special purpose or hard-wired IC chips. In other words, any processor-accessible media may be utilized to realize the storage media of the exemplary operating environment 4000. Any number of program modules (or other units or sets of instructions/code) may be stored on hard disk 4016, magnetic disk 4020, optical disk 4024, ROM 4012, and/or RAM 4040, including by way of general example, an operating system 4028, one or more application programs 4030, other program modules 4032, and program data 4034. A user may enter commands and/or information into computer 4002 via input devices such as a keyboard 4036 and a pointing device 4038 (e.g., a "mouse")- Other input devices 4040 (not shown specifically) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, serial port, scanner, and/or the like. These and other input devices are connected to processing unit 4004 via input/output interfaces 4042 that are coupled to system bus 4008. However, input devices and/or output devices may instead be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an infrared port, an IEEE 1394 ("Firewire") interface, an IEEE 802.11 wireless interface, a Bluetooth® wireless interface, and so forth. A monitor/view screen 4044 or other type of display device may also be connected to system bus 4008 via an interface, such as a video adapter 4046. Video adapter 4046 (or another component) may be or may include a graphics card for processing graphics-intensive calculations and for handling demanding display requirements. Typically, a graphics card includes a graphics processing unit (GPU), video RAM (VRAM), etc. to facilitate the expeditious display of graphics and performance of graphics operations. In addition to monitor 4044, other output peripheral devices may include components such as speakers (not shown) and a printer 4048, which may be connected to computer 4002 via input/output interfaces 4042. Computer 4002 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computing device 4050. By way of example, remote computing device 4050 may be a personal computer, a portable computer (e.g., laptop computer, tablet computer, PDA, mobile station, etc.), a palm or pocket-sized computer, a watch, a gaming device, a server, a router, a network computer, a peer device, another network node, or another device type as listed above, and so forth. However, remote computing device 4050 is illustrated as a portable computer that may include many or all of the elements and features described herein with respect to computer 4002. Logical connections between computer 4002 and remote computer 4050 are depicted as a local area network (LAN) 4052 and a general wide area network (WAN) 4054. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, the Internet, fixed and mobile telephone networks, ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless networks, other wireless networks, gaming networks, some combination thereof, and so forth. Such networks and communications connections are examples of transmission media. When implemented in a LAN networking environment, computer 4002 is usually connected to LAN 4052 via a network interface or adapter 4056. When implemented in a WAN networking environment, computer 4002 typically includes a modem 4058 or other means for establishing communications over WAN 4054. Modem 4058, which may be internal or external to computer 4002, may be connected to system bus 4008 via input/output interfaces 4042 or any other appropriate mechanism(s). It is to be appreciated that the illustrated network connections are exemplary and that other means of establishing communication link(s) between computers 4002 and 4050 may be employed. Furthermore, other hardware that is specifically designed for servers may be employed. For example, SSL acceleration cards can be used to offload SSL computations. Additionally, especially in a network load balancing operating environment, TCP offload hardware and/or packet classifiers on network \ interfaces or adapters 4056 (e.g., on network interface cards) may be installed and used at server devices. In a networked environment, such as that illustrated with operating environment 4000, program modules or other instructions that are depicted relative to computer 4002, or portions thereof, may be fully or partially stored in a remote media storage device. By way of example, remote application programs 4060 reside on a memory component of remote computer 4050 but may be usable or otherwise accessible via computer 4002. Also, for purposes of illustration, application programs 4030 and other processor-executable instructions such as operating system 4028 are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, but it is recognized that such programs, components, and other instructions reside at various times in different storage components of computing device 4002 (and/or remote computing device 4050) and are executed by processor(s) 4004 of computer 4002 (and/or those of remote computing device 4050). Although systems, media, devices, methods, procedures, apparatuses, techniques, schemes, approaches, procedures, arrangements, and other implementations have been described in language specific to structural, logical, algorithmic, and functional features and/or diagrams, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or diagrams described. Rather, the specific features and diagrams are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claimed invention. CLAIMS 1. One or more processor-accessible media comprising processor- executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions comprising: accepting a connection; aggregating a connection state for the connection from a protocol stack; and sending the connection state. 2. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, wherein the action of accepting comprises an action of: sending an acknowledgment packet in response to a connection-requesting packet. 3. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: receiving data for the connection; wherein the action of aggregating comprises an action of: aggregating the connection state from a protocol state of the protocol stack and the data. 4. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, wherein the action of aggregating comprises an action of: compiling a protocol state from the protocol stack. 5. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 4, wherein the action of compiling comprises an action of: compiling the protocol state from the protocol stack starting at a highest level of the protocol stack. 6. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 4, wherein the action of compiling comprises an action of: compiling the protocol state from the protocol stack at a transmission control protocol (TCP) stack portion and an internet protocol (IP) stack portion. 7. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, wherein the action of sending comprises actions of: bundling the connection state with a flow identifier that corresponds to the connection to produce a binary blob; and transmitting the binary blob from an originating device to a target device. 8. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, wherein the action of sending comprises actions of: bundling the connection state with a flow identifier that corresponds to the connection to produce a binary blob; and transmitting the binary blob from an originating device to a target device in a reliable manner such that the binary blob may be received intact at the target device even if one or more packets that comprise the binary blob are lost or corrupted. 9. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform further actions comprising: selecting a flow identifier for the connection responsive to a connection counter; and sending the flow identifier to identify packets corresponding to the connection. 10. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 1, wherein the action of sending comprises an action of: sending the connection state to a targeted device; wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: forwarding subsequent packets for the connection to the targeted device using a flow identifier to encapsulate the subsequent packets. 11. One or more processor-accessible media comprising processor- executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions comprising: receiving a connection state for a connection; injecting the connection state for the connection into a network stack; and continuing the connection using the injected connection state. 12. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, wherein the action of continuing comprises an action of: continuing the connection by indicating received packets up to an application in accordance with the injected connection state. 13. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, wherein: the action of receiving comprises an action of: receiving the connection state, the connection state having a protocol state and data for the connection; and the action of injecting comprises an action of: injecting the protocol state into a protocol stack portion of the network stack. 14. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 13, wherein the action of injecting the connection state further comprises an action of: indicating the data for the connection up the network stack toward an application. 15. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, wherein the action of injecting comprises an action of: infusing a protocol state from the connection state into a protocol stack portion of the network stack. 16. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 15, wherein the action of infusing comprises an action of: infusing the protocol state into the protocol stack starting at a highest level of the protocol stack. 17. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 15, wherein the action of infusing comprises an action of: infusing the protocol state into the protocol stack at a transmission control protocol (TCP) stack portion and an internet protocol (IP) stack portion. 18. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, wherein the action of receiving comprises actions of: receiving a binary blob from an originating device at a target device, the binary blob including the connection state and a flow identifier that corresponds to the connection; and unbundling the connection state and the flow identifier at a level of the network stack that is below a protocol stack portion of the network stack. 19. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform further actions comprising: receiving an encapsulation mapping; and storing the received encapsulation mapping in an encapsulation mapping table that may be accessed according to flow identifier. 20. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 11, wherein the action of receiving comprises an action of: receiving the connection state from an originating device; wherein the processor-executable, instructions, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: receiving from the originating device encapsulated packets that have a flow identifier; and de-encapsulating the encapsulated packets using an encapsulation mapping entry that links the flow identifier to a source/destination pair. 21. One or more processor-accessible media comprising processor-executable instructions that comprise at least part of an application, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, enable the application to initiate a connection migration by issuing a migrate connection function call to a socket layer such that the socket layer propagates the migrate connection function call to a protocol stack, the migrate connection function call precipitating at the protocol stack a compilation of protocol state from the protocol stack. 22. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 21, wherein the application comprises at least one of a general application, a hosted application, and a load balancing application. 23. A device comprising: a connection migrator that is configured to migrate connections away from the device; the connection migrator capable of precipitating a compilation of protocol state for a connection across a protocol stack; the connectioil migrator adapted to aggregate the compiled protocol state with data for the connection into an aggregated connection state of the connection; the connection migrator further capable of causing the aggregated connection state to be sent toward a target device. 24. The device as recited in claim 23, wherein the connection migrator is realized at least partially in software. 25. The device as recited in claim 23, wherein the device further comprises: a classifier that is capable of accepting the connection, the classifier adapted to issue a migrate connection command to the connection migrator. 26. The device as recited in claim 25, wherein the data, which is aggregated with the compiled protocol state into the aggregated connection state, comprises data that has been acknowledged by the classifier. 27. The device as recited in claim 23, wherein the connection migrator comprises: a migrator shim that is located above the protocol stack in a network stack of the device; and a migrator intermediate driver that is located below the protocol stack in the network stack of the device. 28. The device as recited in claim 27, wherein: the migrator shim is located between the protocol stack and a socket layer of the network stack of the device; and the migrator intermediate driver is located between the protocol stack and at least one miniport of the network stack of the device. 29. The device as recited in claim 28, wherein the migrator intermediate driver is located at a protocol-hardware interface layer of the network stack of the device. 30. The device as recited in claim 27, wherein: the migrator shim is adapted to receive a migrate connection command and to propagate the migrate connection command to the protocol stack; and the migrator intermediate driver is adapted to divert a copy of the data for the connection for subsequent aggregation with the compiled protocol state. 31. The device as recited in claim 27, wherein the migrator intermediate driver is adapted to bundle the aggregated connection state and a flow identifier for the connection into a binary blob. 32. The device as recited in claim 23, wherein the connection comprises a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) connection, and the compiled protocol state includes information related to a TCP/IP connection. 33. The device as recited in claim 23, wherein the device further comprises: the protocol stack, the protocol stack adapted to compile the protocol state for the connection into the compiled protocol state responsive to a migrate connection command. 34. A device comprising: a connection migrator that is configured to migrate connections onto the device; the connection migrator adapted to intercept a connection state for a connection that is sent from an originating device, the connection state including a protocol state and data; the connection migrator further adapted to inject the connection state into a network stack of the device; the connection migrator capable of precipitating an infusion of the protocol state for the connection across a protocol stack of the network stack. 35. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the connection migrator comprises at least part of load balancing infrastructure that is resident at and executing on the device. 36. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the device further comprises: an application that is hosted on the device; wherein the connection migrator is further configured to migrate connections onto the device in a manner that is transparent to the application. 37. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the data included in the connection state comprises data that was acknowledged at the originating device. 38. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the connection migrator comprises: a migrator shim that is located above the protocol stack in the network stack of the device; and a migrator intermediate driver that is located below the protocol stack in the network stack of the device. 39. The device as recited in claim 38, wherein: the migrator shim is located between the protocol stack and a socket layer of the network stack of the device; and the migrator intermediate driver is located between the protocol stack and at least one miniport of the network stack of the device. 40. The device as recited in claim 38, wherein: the migrator shim is adapted to be notified by the migrator intermediate driver of a migration uploading procedure and is adapted to initiate a protocol state infusion routine with the protocol stack; and the migrator intermediate driver is adapted to detect arrival of the connection state for the connection, to divert the connection state away from a lower portion of the protocol stack, and to notify the migrator shim of the migration uploading procedure. 41. The device as recited in claim 38, wherein the migrator intermediate driver is adapted to un-bundle a received binary blob that includes the connection state for the connection and a flow identifier corresponding to the connection. 42. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the device further comprises: the protocol stack, the protocol stack including a transmission control protocol (TCP) layer and an internet protocol (IP) layer. 43. The device as recited in claim 34, wherein the device further comprises: the protocol stack, the protocol stack adapted to infuse the protocol state for the connection across the protocol stack responsive to initiation of an infuse protocol state routine. 44. An arrangement for connection manipulation, comprising: migration means for migrating connections from an originating device to a target device by transferring a connection state for a connection being migrated from the originating device to the target device; and tunneling means for tunneling packets for migrated connections in an encapsulated format from the originating device to the target device. 45. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the migration means comprises: aggregation means for aggregating the connection state from a protocol state and from data acknowledged for the connection being migrated. 46. The arrangement as recited in claim 45, wherein the aggregation means comprises: compilation means for compiling the protocol state from a protocol stack. 47. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the tunneling means comprises: encapsulation means for encapsulating the packets for the migrated connections using flow identifiers that replace at least a part of source/destination address information pairs of the packets. 48. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the tunneling means comprises: mapping means for mapping individual source/destination address information pairs to individual flow identifiers, respective source/destination address information pairs identifying respective migrated connections. 49. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the migration means comprises: driver means for bundling the connection state with a flow identifier that is usable for encapsulating packets of the connection being migrated. 50. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the migration means comprises: injection means for injecting a protocol state portion of the connection state for the connection being migrated into a protocol stack portion of a network stack. 51. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the tunneling means comprises: de-encapsulation means for de-encapsulating the tunneled packets for the migrated connections using flow identifiers that link to at least a part of source/destination address information pairs of the packets. 52. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the tunneling means comprises: mapping means for mapping individual flow identifiers to individual source/destination address information pairs, respective source/destination address information pairs identifying respective migrated connections. 53. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the migration means comprises: driver means for diverting the tunneled packets for the migrated connections in the encapsulated format and directing them to the tunneling means. 54. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the arrangement comprises, at least one device. 55. The arrangement as recited in claim 44, wherein the arrangement comprises one or more processor-accessible media. 56. A device comprising: a tunneler that is configured to tunnel packets away from the device; the tunneler having access to an encapsulation mapping table, the encapsulation mapping table including a plurality of encapsulation mapping entries, each encapsulation mapping entry linking at least a portion of a source/destination pair to a flow identifier; the tunneler adapted to accept a packet having a particular source/destination pair; the tunneler capable of looking up a particular flow identifier at a particular encapsulation mapping entry using at least a portion of the particular source/destination pair; wherein the tunneler is further adapted to encapsulate the packet by replacing part of the packet with the particular flow identifier. 57. The device as recited in claim 56, wherein the tunneler is realized at least partially in software. 58. The device as recited in claim 56, wherein the device further comprises: a forwarder that is capable of receiving the packet from a client, the forwarder adapted to provide the packet to the tunneler. 59. The device as recited in claim 56, wherein the tunneler is further adapted to encapsulate the packet by replacing at least part of the particular source/destination pair of the packet with the particular flow identifier. 60. The device as recited in claim 56, wherein the flow identifier comprises 32 bits. 61. The device as recited in claim 56, wherein the particular source/destination pair comprises a particular source/destination address information pair. 62. A device comprising: a tunneler that is configured to tunnel packets into the device; the tunneler having access to an encapsulation mapping table, the encapsulation mapping table including a plurality of encapsulation mapping entries, each encapsulation mapping entry linking a flow identifier to at least a portion of a source/destination pair; the tunneler adapted to accept an encapsulated packet having a particular flow identifier; the tunneler capable of looking up a particular source/destination pair at a particular encapsulation mapping entry using the particular flow identifier; wherein the tunneler is further adapted to de-encapsulate the encapsulated packet by replacing the particular flow identifier with at least part of the particular source/destination pair. 63. The device as recited in claim 62, wherein the tunneler-comprises a migrator intermediate driver that is adapted to intercept the encapsulated packet to prevent the encapsulated packet from being provided to a protocol stack of the device. 64. The device as recited in claim 62, wherein the device further comprises: a protocol stack; wherein the tunneler is further adapted to de-encapsulate the encapsulated packet by replacing the particular flow identifier with at least part of the particular source/destination pair to produce a de-encapsulated packet; the tunneler capable of indicating up the de-encapsulated packet to the protocol stack. 65. The device as recited in claim 64, wherein the tunneler comprises a virtual network adapter that is bound to a destination address of the de-encapsulated packet. 66. The device as recited in claim 62, wherein the device comprises a host of a cluster of hosts. 67. The device as recited in claim 62, wherein the particular source/destination pair corresponds to a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) 4-tuple; and wherein the tunneler is further adapted to de-encapsulate the encapsulated packet by replacing the particular flow identifier with a source TCP port arid a destination TCP port from the TCP/IP 4-tuple. 68. One or more processor-accessible media comprising processor- executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions comprising: obtaining at least a portion of a source/destination pair from an incoming packet; accessing an encapsulation mapping table using the obtained at least a portion of the source/destination pair to locate an encapsulation mapping entry; extracting a flow identifier from the located encapsulation mapping entry; and replacing part of the incoming packet with the extracted flow identifier to produce an encapsulated packet. 69. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: receiving the incoming packet from a client. 70. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: routing the encapsulated packet to a host. 71. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, wherein the source/destination pair of the incoming packet comprises a source/destination address information pair of the incoming packet. 72. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, wherein at least a portion of the processor-executable instructions comprise at least part of load balancing infrastructure. 73. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, wherein the action of replacing comprises an action of: replacing at least part of the source/destination pair with the extracted flow identifier to produce the encapsulated packet. 74. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 68, wherein: the action of obtaining comprises an action of: obtaining at least a portion of a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) 4-tuple from the incoming packet; and the action of replacing comprises an action of: replacing a source TCP port and a destination TCP port from the incoming packet with the extracted flow identifier. 75. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 74, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: replacing a source IP address and a destination IP address from the incoming packet with an IP address of an originating device and an IP address of a target device, respectively. 76. One or more processor-accessible media comprising processor- executable instructions that, when executed, direct a device to perform actions comprising: obtaining a flow identifier from an encapsulated packet; accessing an encapsulation mapping table using the obtained flow identifier to locate an encapsulation mapping entry; extracting at least a portion of a source/destination pair from the located encapsulation mapping entry, the source/destination pair identifying a flow of packets for a connection; and replacing the flow identifier of the encapsulated packet with the extracted at least a portion of the source/destination pair to produce a de-encapsulated packet for the connection. 77. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: receiving the encapsulated packet from load balancing infrastructure. 78. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform a further action comprising: indicating the de-encapsulated packet up to a protocol stack. 79. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 78, wherein the action of indicating comprises an action of: indicating the de-encapsulated packet up on a virtual network adapter that is bound to a destination address of the de-encapsulated packet. 80. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, comprising the processor-executable instructions that, when executed, direct the device to perform further actions comprising: receiving an encapsulation mapping; and storing the encapsulation mapping as the encapsulation mapping entry in the encapsulation mapping table. 81. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein at least a portion of the processor-executable instructions comprise at least part of a migrator intermediate driver that is positioned below a protocol stack portion of a network stack. 82. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein the source/destination pair of the located encapsulation mapping entry comprises a source/destination address information pair of the located encapsulation mapping entry. 83. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein the flow of packets for the connection comprises a connection that has been migrated. 84. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein the action of extracting comprises an action of: extracting a source internet protocol (IP) address, a destination IP address, a • source transmission control protocol (TCP) port, and a destination TCP port from the located encapsulation mapping entry. 85. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein the action of replacing comprises an action of: replacing the flow identifier of the encapsulated packet with a source transmission control protocol (TCP) port and a destination TCP port from the located encapsulation mapping entry to produce the de-ericapsulated packet for the connection. 86. The one or more processor-accessible media as recited in claim 76, wherein the action of replacing comprises an action of: replacing an originating internet protocol (IP) address and a destination IP address of the encapsulated packet with a source IP address and a destination IP address, respectively, from the located encapsulation mapping entry to produce the de-encapsulated packet for the connection. 87 One or more processor-accessible media substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 88 A device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 89 An arrangement for connection manipulation substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Documents

Application Documents

# Name Date
1 1044-del-2004-gpa.pdf 2011-08-21
2 1044-del-2004-form-5.pdf 2011-08-21
3 1044-del-2004-form-3.pdf 2011-08-21
4 1044-del-2004-form-2.pdf 2011-08-21
5 1044-del-2004-form-18.pdf 2011-08-21
6 1044-del-2004-form-13.pdf 2011-08-21
7 1044-del-2004-form-1.pdf 2011-08-21
8 1044-del-2004-drawings.pdf 2011-08-21
9 1044-del-2004-description (complete).pdf 2011-08-21
10 1044-del-2004-correspondence-others.pdf 2011-08-21
11 1044-del-2004-claims.pdf 2011-08-21
12 1044-del-2004-assignment.pdf 2011-08-21
13 1044-del-2004-abstract.pdf 2011-08-21
14 1044-del-2004-GPA-(25-07-2014).pdf 2014-07-25
15 1044-del-2004-Form-3-(25-07-2014).pdf 2014-07-25
16 1044-del-2004-Drawings-(25-07-2014)..pdf 2014-07-25
17 1044-del-2004-Correspondence Others-(25-07-2014).pdf 2014-07-25
18 1044-del-2004-Claims-(25-07-2014).pdf 2014-07-25
19 1044-del-2004-Abstract-(25-07-2014).pdf 2014-07-25
20 IPA3190_PETITION_For Upload.pdf 2014-08-01
21 MTL-GPOA - MLK1.pdf ONLINE 2015-03-05
22 MS to MTL Assignment.pdf ONLINE 2015-03-05
23 FORM-6-101-200.91.pdf ONLINE 2015-03-05
24 MTL-GPOA - MLK1.pdf 2015-03-13
25 MS to MTL Assignment.pdf 2015-03-13
26 FORM-6-101-200.91.pdf 2015-03-13
27 1044-DEL-2004_EXAMREPORT.pdf 2016-06-30
28 Other Patent Document [02-08-2016(online)].pdf 2016-08-02
29 Petition Under Rule 138 [24-08-2016(online)].pdf 2016-08-24
30 Petition Under Rule 137 [24-08-2016(online)].pdf_97.pdf 2016-08-24
31 Petition Under Rule 137 [24-08-2016(online)].pdf 2016-08-24
32 Other Document [24-08-2016(online)].pdf_98.pdf 2016-08-24
33 Other Document [24-08-2016(online)].pdf 2016-08-24
34 Other Patent Document [26-08-2016(online)].pdf 2016-08-26
35 Other Patent Document [23-11-2016(online)].pdf 2016-11-23
36 Form 27 [25-03-2017(online)].pdf 2017-03-25
37 Form 27 [27-03-2017(online)].pdf 2017-03-27
38 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [15-03-2018(online)].pdf 2018-03-15
39 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [28-03-2018(online)].pdf 2018-03-28
40 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [14-03-2019(online)].pdf 2019-03-14
41 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [28-03-2019(online)].pdf 2019-03-28
42 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [28-05-2019(online)].pdf 2019-05-28
43 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [27-03-2020(online)].pdf 2020-03-27
44 1044-DEL-2004-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [23-09-2021(online)].pdf 2021-09-23

ERegister / Renewals

3rd: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2006 - To 07/06/2007

4th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2007 - To 07/06/2008

5th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2008 - To 07/06/2009

6th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2009 - To 07/06/2010

7th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2010 - To 07/06/2011

8th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2011 - To 07/06/2012

9th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2012 - To 07/06/2013

10th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2013 - To 07/06/2014

11th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2014 - To 07/06/2015

12th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2015 - To 07/06/2016

13th: 21 Dec 2016

From 07/06/2016 - To 07/06/2017

14th: 16 May 2017

From 07/06/2017 - To 07/06/2018

15th: 09 May 2018

From 07/06/2018 - To 07/06/2019

16th: 06 May 2019

From 07/06/2019 - To 07/06/2020