Specification
Title of Invention: Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same
technical field
[One]
The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0075580 filed on June 22, 2020, and all contents disclosed in the Korean Patent Application are incorporated as a part of this specification.
[2]
[3]
The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte that can exhibit excellent lifespan characteristics by being applied to a battery driven at a high voltage of 4.45 V or higher, and a lithium secondary battery including the same is about
[4]
background
[5]
Recently, interest in energy storage technology is increasing, and as the field of application is expanded to the energy of mobile phones, camcorders, notebook PCs, and even electric vehicles, efforts to research and develop electrochemical devices are becoming more concrete.
[6]
Among electrochemical devices, interest in the development of rechargeable batteries capable of charging and discharging is rising, and in particular, lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s are in the spotlight because of their high operating voltage and extremely high energy density.
[7]
Lithium secondary batteries generally form an electrode assembly by interposing a separator between a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material made of a transition metal oxide containing lithium and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of storing lithium ions, and the electrode It is manufactured by inserting the assembly into the battery case, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte serving as a medium for transferring lithium ions, and then sealing the assembly. The non-aqueous electrolyte is generally composed of a lithium salt and an organic solvent capable of dissolving the lithium salt.
[8]
Recently, as the demand for a secondary battery having a high energy density, such as a battery for an electric vehicle, increases, a high voltage secondary battery driven at a high voltage is being actively developed. However, when the driving voltage is increased, the decomposition of the electrolyte is accelerated due to structural collapse, transition metal elution and gas generation on the surface of the anode, and the destruction and regeneration reaction of the SEI film on the surface of the anode proceeds to accelerate the depletion of the electrolyte. There is a problem in that the lifespan characteristics of the battery rapidly deteriorate.
[9]
Accordingly, there is a demand for the development of a non-aqueous electrolyte capable of improving the lifespan characteristics of a high voltage battery.
[10]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
technical challenge
[11]
The present invention is to solve the above problems, including a combination of a dinitrile compound containing a double bond and a sultone compound containing an ester group in a specific content range, and has been applied to a high voltage battery having a driving voltage of 4.45V or more. An object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte capable of exhibiting excellent lifespan characteristics and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
[12]
means of solving the problem
[13]
In one aspect, the present invention includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a compound represented by the following [Formula 1] and a compound represented by the following [Formula 2], wherein the content of the compound represented by the [Formula 1] is X When the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2] is Y% by weight, X+Y ≤ 5, and X ≤ Y to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte including a content satisfying.
[14]
[Formula 1]
[15]
CN-R 1 -CN
[16]
In Formula 1, R 1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms including at least one double bond.
[17]
[18]
[Formula 2]
[19]
[20]
In [Formula 2], n is an integer of 1 or 2, R 2 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[21]
[22]
For example, the compound represented by the [Formula 1] may be 1,4-dicyano-2-butene, and the compound represented by the [Formula 2] is 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultonyl can
[23]
The compound represented by [Formula 1] may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the compound represented by the [Formula 2] is 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte % may be included.
[24]
In addition, the compound represented by the [Formula 1] and the compound represented by the [Formula 2] are preferably included in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:3.
[25]
Meanwhile, the nonaqueous electrolyte may further include a compound represented by the following [Formula 3], and the compound represented by the following [Formula 3] may be, for example, hexane tri-cyanide.
[26]
[Formula 3]
[27]
[28]
In [Formula 3], a, b, c, and d are each independently an integer of 1 to 5.
[29]
The compound represented by [Formula 3] may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
[30]
[31]
Specifically, the non-aqueous electrolyte may include 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by [Formula 1]; 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by the [Formula 2]; and 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by the [Formula 3].
[32]
[33]
Meanwhile, the organic solvent may include a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a propionate-based solvent, and in this case, the cyclic carbonate-based solvent and the propionate-based solvent may be included in a volume ratio of 10:90 to 50:50.
[34]
[35]
In another aspect, the present invention provides an electrode assembly including at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and at least one separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte according to the present invention provides
[36]
In this case, the lithium secondary battery may be a high voltage lithium secondary battery driven at a voltage of 4.45V or higher.
[37]
In addition, the electrode assembly may be a stack-and-folding type electrode assembly in which unit cells are wound by a long continuous separation film.
[38]
Effects of the Invention
[39]
The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that an unsaturated dinitrile-based compound containing a double bond and a sultone-based compound containing an ester group are used together in a specific content. Since the unsaturated dinitrile-based compound contains a double bond in the center of its structure, it has an abundant electron cloud, and thus can form a strong bond with the transition metal on the surface of the anode. That is, when an unsaturated dinitrile-based compound is used as an electrolyte additive, compared with the case of adding a saturated dinitrile-based compound such as succinonitrile, it binds to a transition metal with greater binding energy, resulting in side reactions with the electrolyte on the surface of the anode and The elution of transition metals can be more effectively suppressed, thereby reducing the gas generated from the anode under high voltage and high temperature and improving the performance.
[40]
In addition, in the case of the sultone compound including the ester group, since a reduction reaction occurs more easily than an unsubstituted sultone compound such as 1,3-propanesultone, it is easy to form an SEI film on the surface of the anode, the resistance is lower, and the lifespan characteristics It is possible to form an SEI film advantageous for
[41]
Therefore, when the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention comprising an unsaturated dinitrile-based compound and a sultone-based compound containing an ester group is used, when applied to a high-voltage battery having a driving voltage of 4.45V or more, excellent low-temperature and high-temperature lifespan characteristics are obtained. can be obtained
[42]
Best mode for carrying out the invention
[43]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[44]
[45]
non-aqueous electrolyte
[46]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes (1) an organic solvent, (2) a lithium salt, (3) a compound represented by the following [Formula 1], and (4) a compound represented by the following [Formula 2], When the content of the compound represented by [Formula 1] is X wt%, and the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2] is Y wt%, X+Y ≤ 5, and X ≤ Y is satisfied.
[47]
In addition, the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may further include a compound represented by [Formula 3], if necessary.
[48]
[Formula 1]
[49]
CN-R 1 -CN
[50]
In Formula 1, R 1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms including at least one double bond.
[51]
[52]
[Formula 2]
[53]
[54]
In [Formula 2], n is an integer of 1 or 2, and R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[55]
[56]
[Formula 3]
[57]
[58]
In [Formula 3], a, b, c, and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 5.
[59]
[60]
Hereinafter, each component of the nonaqueous electrolyte of the present invention will be described in more detail.
[61]
[62]
(1) organic solvents
[63]
In the present invention, the organic solvent may include a cyclic carbonate-based solvent, a linear carbonate-based solvent, a linear ester-based solvent, or a mixture thereof. For example, the organic solvent may be a mixture of a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a linear carbonate-based solvent or a mixture of a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a linear ester-based solvent.
[64]
The cyclic carbonate-based solvent is a high-viscosity organic solvent, which has a high dielectric constant and can well dissociate lithium salts in the electrolyte, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate. Specifically, the cyclic carbonate solvent may be ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof, and more specifically, may be a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
[65]
The linear carbonate-based solvent is an organic solvent having a low viscosity and a low dielectric constant, for example, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC). ), may be at least one selected from the group consisting of methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate. Specifically, the linear carbonate-based solvent may be diethyl carbonate.
[66]
The linear ester solvent may be, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate. . Specifically, the linear ester solvent may be ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and mixtures thereof, and more specifically, may be a mixture of ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
[67]
[68]
Preferably, the organic solvent may include a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a linear ester-based solvent. When a combination of a cyclic carbonate and a linear ester solvent is used as the organic solvent, long-term cycle characteristics are further improved, and decomposition of the organic solvent is suppressed during high voltage driving, thereby improving swelling characteristics.
[69]
In this case, the cyclic carbonate-based solvent may be included in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, more preferably 25 to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the organic solvent. In addition, the linear ester solvent may be included in an amount of 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 50 to 80% by weight, more preferably 60 to 75% by weight based on the total weight of the organic solvent. When the content of the cyclic carbonate-based solvent and the linear ester-based solvent satisfies the above ranges, the effect of improving long-term cycle characteristics and high voltage swelling characteristics is more excellent.
[70]
Specifically, the organic solvent is a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a propionate-based solvent 10: 90 to 50: 50, preferably 20: 80 to 50: 50, more preferably 25: 75 to 40: 60 It may be included by weight ratio.
[71]
On the other hand, in terms of the high voltage stability improvement effect, the linear ester-based solvent preferably includes propyl propionate. In this case, the propyl propionate may be included in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 35 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the organic solvent. When the content of propyl propionate satisfies the above range, the high voltage swelling characteristic may be further improved.
[72]
[73]
More specifically, in the present invention, the organic solvent may include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
[74]
In this case, the ethylene carbonate may be included in an amount of 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 15 to 30% by weight, more preferably 15 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the organic solvent.
[75]
The propylene carbonate may be included in an amount of 5 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the organic solvent.
[76]
The ethyl propionate may be included in an amount of 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 15 to 30% by weight, more preferably 15 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the organic solvent.
[77]
The propyl propionate may be included in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 35 to 65% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the organic solvent.
[78]
[79]
(2) lithium salt
[80]
As the lithium salt used in the present invention, various lithium salts commonly used in electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries may be used without limitation. For example, the lithium salt includes Li + as a cation and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - as an anion. , AlO 4 - , AlCl 4 - , PF 6 - , SbF 6 - , AsF 6 - , B 10 Cl 10 -, BF 2 C 2 O 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - , PF 4 C 2 O 4 - , PF 2 C 4 O 8 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , ( CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , C 4 F 9 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH - , CH 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 SO 3 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , SCN - and (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - It may include at least one selected from the group.
[81]
Specifically, the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiPF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiBOB (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ) , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiFSI (LiN(SO 2 F) 2 ), LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiCH 3and at least one selected from the group consisting of CO 2 and LiBETI (LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 . Specifically, the lithium salt is LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBOB (LiB(C 2 O) 4 ) 2 ), LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiTFSI (LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ), LiFSI ((LiN(SO 2 F) 2 ) and LiBETI (LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF )3 ) may include a single substance or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of 2 .
[82]
The lithium salt may be contained in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.8 M to 4 M, preferably 0.8M to 2M, and more preferably 0.8M to 1.6M. When the concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above range, the lithium ion yield (Li+ transference number) and the degree of dissociation of lithium ions may be improved, thereby improving the output characteristics of the battery.
[83]
[84]
(3) a compound represented by the formula (1)
[85]
The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes a dinitrile compound represented by the following formula (1).
[86]
[Formula 1]
[87]
CN-R 1 -CN
[88]
In Formula 1, R 1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms including at least one double bond. In this case, the unsaturated hydrocarbon group may be a straight-chain or branched-chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
[89]
Specifically, the dinitrile compound is 1,4-dicyano-2-butene, 1,4-dicyano-2-methyl-2-butene, 1,4-dicyano-2-ethyl-2-butene, 1 ,4-dicyano-2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 1,4-dicyano-2,3-diethyl-2-butene, 1,6-dicyano-3-hexene, 1,6-dicy It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ano-2-methyl-3-hexene and 1,6-dicyano-2-methyl-5-methyl-3-hexene, and among them, 1,4-dicyano-2- Butene is particularly preferred. 1,4-dicyano-2-butene has an appropriate chain length to prevent an excessive increase in resistance when forming the anode film, and has excellent electrochemical oxidation/reduction stability to realize excellent lifespan characteristics.
[90]
[91]
The dinitrile compound represented by Formula 1 is a compound in which cyano groups are bonded to both ends of an unsaturated hydrocarbon group including at least one double bond, and nitrile compounds containing a saturated hydrocarbon group such as succinonitrile or hexanetricyanide. It has excellent bonding strength with transition metals. Therefore, it is possible to effectively trap transition metal ions eluted from the positive electrode during charging and discharging even with a small amount compared to nitrile compounds containing a saturated hydrocarbon group, thereby suppressing a side reaction between the transition metal and the electrolyte.
[92]
[93]
The compound represented by [Formula 1] may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 3 wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. When the content of the compound represented by [Formula 1] satisfies the above range, it is possible to realize excellent lifespan characteristics in a high voltage battery while minimizing an increase in resistance.
[94]
[95]
(4) a compound represented by the formula (2)
[96]
The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes a sultone-based compound represented by the following formula (2).
[97]
[Formula 2]
[98]
[99]
In [Formula 2], n is an integer of 1 or 2, R 2 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably A substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[100]
Specifically, the compound represented by the [Formula 2] may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following [Formula 2a] to [Formula 2e].
[101]
[Formula 2a]
[102]
[103]
[Formula 2b]
[104]
[105]
[Formula 2c]
[106]
[107]
[Formula 2d]
[108]
[109]
[Formula 2e]
[110]
[111]
[112]
Among these, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone represented by [Formula 2a] is particularly preferable. Since 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone has excellent electrochemical oxidation/reduction stability, it can effectively form a film on the electrode compared to other materials, thereby improving the lifespan characteristics. have.
[113]
[114]
In the case of high-voltage batteries, by-products increase on the surface of the anode due to the elution of transition metals or increase in side reactions on the electrode surface, which leads to an increase in resistance and a tendency to deteriorate the lifespan. When used as an additive, it is possible to form a film having a lower resistance compared to the case of using an unsubstituted sultone compound or a sultone-based compound including another substituent, which is particularly preferable for a high voltage battery.
[115]
[116]
The compound represented by [Formula 2] may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, more preferably 1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte. When the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2] satisfies the above range, excellent lifespan characteristics can be realized in a high voltage battery.
[117]
[118]
On the other hand, when the content of the compound represented by [Formula 1] in the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention is X wt% and the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2] is Y wt%, the [Formula 1] is The compound represented and the compound represented by [Formula 2] are X+Y ≤ 5, and are included in an amount satisfying X ≤ Y. That is, the sum of the content of the compound represented by [Formula 1] and the compound represented by [Formula 2] is 5 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 5 wt%, preferably 1.5 wt% to 5 wt%, It is preferable that the content of the compound represented by [Formula 1] is the same as or smaller than the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2].
[119]
According to the studies of the present inventors, when X+Y exceeds 5 or X>Y, there is little or no improvement in lifespan characteristics compared to the case where other additives are used.
[120]
[121]
Preferably, the compound represented by the [Formula 1] and the compound represented by the [Formula 2] are preferably included in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, preferably 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. . When the compounding ratio of the compound represented by [Formula 1] and the compound represented by [Formula 2] satisfies the above range, the low-temperature lifespan characteristics and high-temperature lifespan characteristics of the high voltage battery are more excellent.
[122]
[123]
(5) a compound represented by the formula (3)
[124]
The nonaqueous electrolyte of the present invention may further include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 3, if necessary.
[125]
[Formula 3]
[126]
[127]
In [Formula 3], a, b, c, and d are each independently one of an integer of 1 to 5, preferably one of an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably one of an integer of 1 to 3 can be
[128]
[129]
The compound represented by the above [Formula 3] is a compound having three cyanide groups, specifically hexane tri-cyanide, for example, 1,3,6-hexane tricyanide or 1, 2, 6-hexane tricyanide.
[130]
The compound represented by the [Formula 3] has an effect of inhibiting the reduction of the eluted transition metal ions to the negative electrode by binding to the eluted transition metal in the electrolyte. In particular, since the compound represented by [Formula 3] has a relatively large volume compared to other additives, the binding probability with the transition metal eluted into the electrolyte is high, and thus the transition metal trapping performance is excellent. Therefore, when the compound represented by the above [Formula 3] is further included, high temperature lifespan characteristics can be further improved.
[131]
[132]
The compound represented by [Formula 3] may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 3 wt%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. When the content of the compound represented by [Formula 3] satisfies the above range, the effect of improving capacity characteristics and lifespan characteristics after high-temperature storage is excellent.
[133]
[134]
Preferably, the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention contains 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by [Formula 1], 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by [Formula 2], and [Formula 3] The indicated compound may be included in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight. When the additive content satisfies the above range, it is possible to improve the capacity characteristics and lifespan characteristics of the high voltage battery while minimizing the increase in resistance.
[135]
[136]
(6) additives
[137]
Meanwhile, although not essential, the nonaqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may further include additives in order to further improve the physical properties of the secondary battery.
[138]
Examples of such additives include cyclic carbonate-based compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, phosphate-based compounds, borate-based compounds, benzene-based compounds, amine-based compounds, silane-based compounds, and lithium salt-based compounds. At least one selected from the group may be mentioned.
[139]
The cyclic carbonate-based compound may be, for example, vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate (VEC).
[140]
The halogen-substituted carbonate-based compound may be, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
[141]
The sultone-based compound may be, for example, 1,3-propanesultone, 1,3-propenesultone, or the like.
[142]
The sulfate-based compound may be, for example, ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
[143]
The phosphate-based compound is, for example, lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tetramethyl trimethyl silyl phosphate, trimethyl silyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoro It may be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethyl) phosphate and tris (trifluoroethyl) phosphite.
[144]
The borate-based compound may be, for example, tetraphenylborate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate (LiODFB), or the like.
[145]
The benzene-based compound may be, for example, fluorobenzene or the like, the amine-based compound may be triethanolamine or ethylenediamine, and the silane-based compound may be tetravinylsilane.
[146]
The lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt included in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and is selected from the group consisting of LiPO 2 F 2 , LiODFB, LiBOB (lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ) and LiBF4). It may be more than one kind of compound.
[147]
On the other hand, the above additives may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
[148]
The total amount of the additive may be 1 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the electrolyte. While it is possible to suppress the ignition phenomenon, it is possible to prevent side reactions from occurring during the initial activation process of the secondary battery, or from remaining or precipitating additives.
[149]
[150]
lithium secondary battery
[151]
Next, a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention will be described.
[152]
A lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. In this case, the non-aqueous electrolyte is the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention. Since the non-aqueous electrolyte has been described above, a description thereof will be omitted, and other components will be described below.
[153]
[154]
(1) electrode assembly
[155]
The electrode assembly includes at least one anode, at least one cathode, and at least one separator.
[156]
[157]
The positive electrode may include a positive active material layer including a positive active material, and if necessary, the positive active material layer may further include a conductive material and/or a binder.
[158]
The positive active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and specifically, may be a lithium transition metal oxide including lithium and one or more transition metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel or aluminum. . More specifically, the lithium transition metal oxide is a lithium-manganese oxide (eg, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), a lithium-cobalt-based oxide (eg, LiCoO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-based oxide (eg, LiNiO 2 ), lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (eg, LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (0
[202]
Ethylene carbonate (EC): propylene carbonate (PC): ethyl propionate (EP): propyl propionate (PP) in an organic solvent mixed in a weight ratio of 20: 10: 20: 50 LiPF 6 1.2M After dissolving as much as possible, 1 wt% of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) and 1 wt% of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) were added to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
[203]
[204]
[205]
A positive electrode mixture was prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder in a N-methylpyrrolidone solvent in a weight ratio of 97.5:1.2:1.3. In this case, LiCoO 2 was used as the positive electrode active material, carbon black was used as the conductive material, and PVDF was used as the binder. The prepared positive electrode mixture was coated on both sides of an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 10 μm, dried at 130° C., and then rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
[206]
[207]
Next, an anode active material, a binder, and a conductive material were mixed with water in a weight ratio of 95.8:1.7:2.5 to prepare an anode composite material. Artificial graphite was used as the negative active material, carbon black was used as the conductive material, and PVDF was used as the binder. The prepared negative electrode mixture was coated on both sides of a copper current collector having a thickness of 6 μm, dried at 60° C., and then rolled to prepare a negative electrode.
[208]
[209]
Seven bicells having a positive electrode/separator/negative electrode/separator/positive electrode structure and one monocell having a negative electrode/separator/positive electrode structure were prepared by interposing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, and then the seven bicells and one monocell were wound with a long separation film to prepare a stack-and-folding electrode assembly.
[210]
[211]
[212]
The electrode assembly prepared above was accommodated in a pouch-type secondary battery case, and the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte was injected to prepare a lithium secondary battery.
[213]
[214]
Example 2
[215]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was added in an amount of 2 wt% instead of 1 wt%.
[216]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[217]
[218]
Example 3
[219]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was added in an amount of 3 wt% instead of 1 wt%.
[220]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[221]
[222]
Example 4
[223]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3 wt% of 1,3,6-hexanetricyanide (HTCN) was additionally added.
[224]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[225]
[226]
Example 5
[227]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 2% by weight, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3% by weight was added A non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a lithium secondary battery were prepared by the method.
[228]
[229]
Example 6
[230]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 1% by weight, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 4% by weight was added A non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a lithium secondary battery were prepared by the method.
[231]
[232]
Example 7
[233]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) in 2% by weight, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2% by weight was added. A non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a lithium secondary battery were prepared by the method.
[234]
[235]
Comparative Example 1
[236]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was added in an amount of 5 wt% instead of 1 wt%.
[237]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[238]
[239]
Comparative Example 2
[240]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 1 wt%, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) 1 wt% instead of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 3 wt% %, a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 wt% of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was added.
[241]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[242]
[243]
Comparative Example 3
[244]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 1 wt%, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) 1 wt% instead of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) 5 wt% %, a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 wt% of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was added.
[245]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[246]
[247]
Comparative Example 4
[248]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) was not added.
[249]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[250]
[251]
Comparative Example 5
[252]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) was not added.
[253]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[254]
[255]
Comparative Example 6
[256]
A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 wt% of 1,3-propanesultone (PS) was added instead of 1 wt% of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06). .
[257]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[258]
[259]
Comparative Example 7
[260]
A nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 wt% of succinonitrile (SN) was added instead of 1 wt% of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB).
[261]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[262]
[263]
Comparative Example 8
[264]
1% by weight of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB), 1% by weight of succinonitrile (SN) instead of 1% by weight of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06), 1,3-propane A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 wt% of sultone (PS) was added.
[265]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[266]
[267]
Comparative Example 9
[268]
1% by weight of 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB), 1% by weight of succinonitrile (SN) instead of 1% by weight of 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06), 1,3-propane A nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 wt% of sultone (PS) and 3 wt% of 1,3,6-hexanetricyanide (HTCN) were added.
[269]
Then, an electrode assembly and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the above method was used instead of the nonaqueous electrolyte of Example 1 as the nonaqueous electrolyte.
[270]
[271]
Comparative Example 10
[272]
1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) in 3% by weight, 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3% by weight was added A non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a lithium secondary battery were prepared by the method.
[273]
[274]
Comparative Example 11
[275]
Except for adding 1,4-dicyano-2-butene (DCB) at 3% by weight and 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) at 1% by weight, the same as in Example 1 A non-aqueous electrolyte, an electrode assembly, and a lithium secondary battery were prepared by the method.
[276]
[277]
Experimental Example 1 - Low-temperature cycle characteristics
[278]
Each of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 was charged to 4.47V (0.05C cut off) at 15°C under CC/CV and 1.0C conditions. Then, it was discharged until it became 3.0V under CC and 1.0C conditions.
[279]
The charging and discharging behavior was set as 1 cycle, and after 100 such cycles, the capacity retention ratio after 100 cycles compared to the initial capacity was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
[280]
[281]
Experimental Example 2 - High-temperature cycle characteristics
[282]
Each of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 was charged to 4.47V (0.05C cut off) at 45°C under CC/CV and 1.0C conditions. Then, it was discharged until it became 3.0V under CC and 1.0C conditions.
[283]
The charging and discharging behavior was set as 1 cycle, and after 100 such cycles, the capacity retention ratio after 100 cycles compared to the initial capacity was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
[284]
[Table 1]
[285]
[286]
As shown in [Table 1], using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing dicyano-2-butene (DCB) and 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) to satisfy the content range of the present invention The prepared lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 7 showed excellent low-temperature capacity retention and high-temperature capacity retention even when driving at a high voltage of 4.47V.
[287]
In contrast, Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 10 11, dicyano containing dicyano-2-butene (DCB) and 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone (NR06) in an amount outside the content range of the present invention In the case of lithium secondary batteries using the non-aqueous electrolytes of Comparative Examples 4 to 5 without -2-butene or 2-acetoxy-1,3-propane sultone, and Comparative Examples 6 to 9 using a different additive combination, conduct It was found that the low-temperature capacity retention rate and high-temperature capacity retention rate were lowered compared to the examples of the batteries, and in particular, the high-temperature capacity retention rate was significantly lowered.
Claims
[Claim 1]
It is a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a compound represented by the following [Formula 1] and a compound represented by the following [Formula 2], based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the compound represented by the [Formula 1] When the content is X wt%, and the content of the compound represented by [Formula 2] is Y wt%, X+Y ≤ 5 and X ≤ Y of a non-aqueous electrolyte. [Formula 1] CN-R 1 -CN In Formula 1, R 1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms including at least one double bond. [Formula 2] In [Formula 2], n is an integer of 1 or 2, R 2 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy group .
[Claim 2]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 1] is 1,4-dicyano-2-butene.
[Claim 3]
The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 2] is 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanesultone.
[Claim 4]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 1] is included in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt % based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
[Claim 5]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 2] is included in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt % based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
[Claim 6]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 1] and the compound represented by [Formula 2] are included in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:3.
[Claim 7]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises a compound represented by the following [Formula 3]. [Formula 3] In [Formula 3], a, b, c, and d are each independently one of an integer of 1 to 5.
[Claim 8]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 7, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 3] is hexane tri-cyanide.
[Claim 9]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 7, wherein the compound represented by [Formula 3] is included in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt % based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
[Claim 10]
According to claim 7, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte, 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by the [Formula 1]; 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by the [Formula 2]; and 0.5 to 3% by weight of the compound represented by the [Formula 3].
[Claim 11]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent includes a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a propionate-based solvent.
[Claim 12]
The non-aqueous electrolyte according to claim 11, wherein the organic solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate-based solvent and a propionate-based solvent in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 50:50.
[Claim 13]
an electrode assembly including at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and at least one separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; And a lithium secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 12.
[Claim 14]
The lithium secondary battery according to claim 13, wherein the lithium secondary battery is driven at a voltage of 4.45V or higher.
[Claim 15]
The lithium secondary battery according to claim 13, wherein the electrode assembly is a stack-and-fold type electrode assembly in which unit cells are wound by a continuous separation film having a long length.