Non Aqueous Electrolytic Solution For Lithium Secondary Battery
Abstract:
A non-aqueous electrolytic solution is advanta geously used in preparation of a lithium secondary bat tery excellent in cycle characteristics. In the non aqueous electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery, an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution further contains a vinylene carbonate compound in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%, and an alkyne compound in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%.
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Notices, Deadlines & Correspondence
C/O UBE CHEMICAL FACTORY,O-AZA KOGUSHI YAMAGUCHI 755-8633
2. MIYOSHI KAZUHIRO
1978-96 O-AZA KOGUSHI, YAMAGUCHI 755-8633
JAPAN
3. KUWATA, TAKAAKI
1978-96 O-AZA KOGUSHI, YAMAGUCHI 755-8633
JAPAN
Specification
SPECIFICATION
NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY USING THE SAME
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary-battery showing excellent cycle characteristics, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution advantageously used in preparation of the lithium secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics.
Background of the invention
The lithium secondary battery has recently been widely used for example, as an electric source for drivpppo ing small-sized electronics. The lithium secondary bat-tery has a basic structure comprising a positive elec-trode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electro-lytic solution, which are contained in a sealed cell. The positive electrode preferably comprises a complex oxide of lithium such as LiCo02, and the negative elec-trode preferably comprises a carbon material or metallic lithium. A carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC) has been advantageously used in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution for the lithium secondary battery.
The recent lithium secondary battery requires a fur-ther improvement on battery performance such as cycle characteristics of the battery and electric capacity.
In a lithium secondary battery, a complex oxide of lithium such as LiCo02, LiMn204 and LiNi02 is often used as a positive electrode material. A process of recharg-ing the battery causes a local oxidation and decomposi-
tion reaction of a part of a solvent contained in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. A decomposition product inhibits an ordinary electrochemical reaction of the battery to lower battery performance. The reason is considered that a solvent is electrochemically oxidized along an interface between the positive electrode material and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
In a lithium secondary battery, a highly crystallized carbon material such as natural or artificial graphite is often used as a negative electrode material. A process of recharging the battery causes a local reduction and decomposition reaction of a part of a solvent contained in a non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Ethylene carbonate (EC) is widely used as a solvent of the non-aqueous electrolytic solvent. Ethylene carbonate may particularly be reduced and decomposed to lower battery performance while repeating charge and discharge.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 8(1996)-45545 and U.S. Patent No. 5,626,981 recommend adding a vinylene carbonate compound to a non-aqueous electrolytic solution to improve battery performance of the lithium secondary battery. It is further reported that the cycle life is lengthened using the electric solution containing the vinylene carbonate compound.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication Nos. 2000-195545, 2001-313072, 2002-100399 and 2002-124297 and U.S. Patent No. 6,479,191 Bl recommend adding an alkyne compound to a non-aqueous electrolytic solution to improve battery performance of the lithium secondary battery. It is further reported that the cycle life is lengthened using the electric solution containing the alkyne compound.
Increase in density of a positive electrode composition layer or a negative electrode composition layer has recently been examined to enlarge capacity of the lithium
secondary battery. Japanese Patent Provisional Publica-tion No. 2003-142075 describes a lithium secondary bat-tery comprising a positive electrode composition layer having a density of 3.3 to 3.7 g/cm3 provided on aluminum foil, and a negative electrode composition layer having a density of 1.4 to 1.8 g/cm3 provided on copper foil. It is further reported that the obtained lithium secondary battery has high energy density and high safety, and can be preserved at an elevated temperature.
Disclosure of the invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As is described in the above-mentioned documents, battery performance such as cycle characteristics can be improved by adding a vinylene carbonate compound or an alkyne compound to a non-aqueous electrolytic solution of a lithium secondary battery.
The conventional lithium secondary battery comprises positive electrode and negative electrode composition layers of relatively low density. The battery performance such as the cycle characteristics can be improved by adding a vinylene carbonate compound or an alkyne compound to a non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the conventional lithium secondary battery.
On the other hand, the recent lithium secondary battery comprises positive electrode and negative electrode composition layers of high density. The present inventors have found that cycle characteristics are scarcely improved by adding the above-mentioned additive to the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the recent lithium secondary battery. The inventors have further found that the electrolytic solution is decomposed in the battery to cause shortage (dry up) of the electrolytic solution.
The cycle characteristics mean a feature of keeping a high charge capacity after repeating charge and discharge operations many times.
An object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolytic solution that has solved the above-mentioned problems of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution for the lithium secondary battery.
Means to solve the problem
The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the non-aqueous electrolytic solution further contains a vinylene carbonate compound represented by the formula (I) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%, and an alkyne compound represented by the formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) or (VII) in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%:
(I)
(in which each of R1 and R2 independently is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms)
(ID
(in which each of R3 to R5 independently is a hydrogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R4 and R5 are combined with each other to form a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; x is 1 or 2; and Y1 is -COOR20, -COR20 or -SQ2R20, wherein R20 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms)
(III)
(in which each of R6 to R9 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R6 and-R7 or R8 and R* are combined with each other to form a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; x is 1 or 2; Y2 is -COOR21, -COR21 or -S02R21, wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and Y3
is -COOR22, -COR22 or -S02R22, wherein R22 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms)
(IV)
(in which each of R10 to R13 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or R10 and R11 or R12 and R13 are combined with each other to form a cycloal-kylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; x is 1 or 2; Y4 is -COOR23, -COR23 or -S02R23/ wherein R23 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and Y5 is -COOR24, -COR24 or -S02R24, wherein R24 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms)
(V)
(in which each of R14 to R19 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a
cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 -to 12 carbon atoms, or R15 and R16 or R17 and R18 are combined with each other to form a cycloal-kylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; and x is 1 or 2)
(VI)
(in which each of R25 to R27 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or R26 and R27 are combined with each other to form a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; x is 1 or 2; W is sulfinyl, sulfonyl or oxalyl; and Y6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms)
(VII)
(in which R28 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R29 is a hydrogen
atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and p is 1 or 2).
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention contains both a specific amount of a vinylene carbonate compound and a specific amount of an alkyne compound. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution can be advantageously used in a lithium secondary battery of high capacity comprising a positive electrode and negative electrode composition layers of high density. The lithium secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention is improved in cycle characteristics without causing phenomenon of dry up. The function and effect have not yet clarified, but are considered to be obtained by a strong film formed on a negative electrode using both the vinylene carbonate compound and the alkyne compound. The improvement on the cycle characteristics is obtained using the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention. The improvement is also effective in a conventional lithium secondary battery comprising positive electrode and negative electrode layers of relatively low density.
Effect of the invention
The cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are improved by using the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention is particularly effective in improving cycle characteristics of a lithium secondary battery (of high charge capacity) comprising positive electrode or negative electrode composition layer of high density.
Best mode for carrying out the invention
In the vinylene carbonate compound according to the present invention represented by the formula (I), each of R1 and R2 independently is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl. R1 and R2 can be identical, for exam-ple, both can be methyl or both can be ethyl. R1 and R2 can be different from each other, for example, they can be a combination of methyl and ethyl.
Examples of the vinylene carbonate compound repre-sented by the formula (I) include vinylene carbonate, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-ethyl-l, 3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-butyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-tert-butyl-1,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4,5-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4,5-diethyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4,5-dipropyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4,5-dibutyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4,5-di-tert-butyl-1,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-ethyl-5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one, 4-methyl-5-butyl-l, 3-dioxolen-2-one and 4-methyl-5-tert-butyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-one. Vinylene carbonate is particularly preferred.
An excess amount of the vinylene carbonate compound represented by the formula (I) contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution might lower battery performance. On the other hand, shortage of the vinylene carbonate might cause insufficient battery performance. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains the vinylene carbonate compound preferably in an amount of 0.01 wt.% or more, more preferably in an amount of 0.05 wt.% or more, and most preferably in an amount of 0.1 wt.% or more. Further, the non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains the vinylene carbonate compound preferably in an amount of 10 wt.% or less, more preferably in an amount of 5 wt.% or less, and most preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% or less. Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolytic
solution contains the vinylene carbonate compound pref-erably in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 5 wt.%, and most preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt.%.
An alkyne compound is used in combination with the vinylene carbonate compound in the present invention. The alkyne compound is described below.
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (II) are shown below.
(1) Y1 is -COOR20
2-Propynyl methyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydro-gen, R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is
1)
2-Propynyl ethyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl propyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is propyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl butyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is butyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl phenyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is phenyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl cyclohexyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is methyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
3-Butynyl methyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 2)
2-Pentynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is ethyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-butynyl methyl carbonate (each of R3 and R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Diethyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is ethyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is ethyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is isobutyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-butynyl methyl carbonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1-Ethynylcyclohexyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, combination of R4 and R5 is pentamethylene, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is phenyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Diphenyl-2-propynyl methyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is phenyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl ethyl carbonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(2) Y1 is -COR20
2-Propynyl formate (each of R3, R4, R5 and R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl acetate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl propionate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl butyrate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is propyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl benzoate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is phenyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl cyclohexanecarboxylate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynyl formate (R3 is methyl, each of R4, R5 and R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
3-Butynyl formate (each of R3, R4, R5 and R20 is hydrogen, and x is 2)
2-Pentynyl formate (R3 is ethyl, each of R4, R5 and R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-butynyl formate (each of R3 and R4 is methyl, each of R5 and R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,l-Diethyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is ethyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1-Ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is ethyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
l-Isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is isobutyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-butynyl formate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1-Ethynylcyclohexyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, combination of R4 and R5 is pentamethylene, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is phenyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,l-Diphenyl-2-propynyl formate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is phenyl, R20 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
2-Butynyl acetate (R3 is methyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
3-Butynyl acetate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 2)
2-Pentynyl acetate (R3 is ethyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-butynyl acetate (each of R3 and R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1, l-Diethyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is ethyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1-Ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is ethyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is isobutyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is
1)
1, l-Dimethyl-2-butynyl acetate (each of R3, R4 and R5
is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1-Ethynylcyclohexyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, combination of R4 and R5 is pentamethylene, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is phenyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is
1)
1,l-Diphenyl-2-propynyl acetate (R3 is hydrogen,
each of R4 and R5 is phenyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl propionate (R3 is hydrogen,
each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(3) Y1 is -S02R2°
2-Propynyl methanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl ethanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl propanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is propyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl p-toluenesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is p-tolyl, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl cyclohexanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is methyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
3-Butynyl methanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 2)
2-Pentynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is ethyl, each of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Methyl-2-butynyl methanesulfonate (each of R3 and R4 is methyl, R5 is hydrogen, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Diethyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is ethyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1-Ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is ethyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
l-Isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is isobutyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-butynyl methanesulfonate (each of R3, R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1-Ethynylcyclohexyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, combination of R4 and R5 is pentamethylene, R20 is methyl/ and x is 1)
l-Methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, R4 is phenyl, R5 is methyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Diphenyl-2-propynyl methanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is phenyl, R20 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,l-Dimethyl-2-propynyl ethanesulfonate (R3 is hydrogen, each of R4 and R5 is methyl, R20 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (III) are shown below.
(1) Y2 is -COOR21 and Y3 is -COOR22
2-Butynylene bis(methyl carbonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynylene bis(ethyl carbonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is
1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene bis(methyl carbonate) (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene bis(ethyl carbonate) (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene bis(methyl carbonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene bis(ethyl carbonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(2) Y2 is -COR21 and Y3 is -COR22
2-Butynylene diformate (each of R6, R7, R8, R9, R21 and R22 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
2-Butynylene diacetate (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynylene dipropionate (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene diformate (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7, R9, R21 and R22 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene diacetate (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene dipropionate (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene diformate (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene diacetate (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene dipropionate (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(3) Y2 is -S02R21 and Y3 is -S02R22
2-Butynylene bis(methanesulfonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
2-Butynylene bis(ethanesulfonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is
1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene bis(methanesulfonate) (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,4-Dimethyl-2-butynylene bis(ethanesulfonate) (each of R6 and R8 is methyl, each of R7 and R9 is hydrogen, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene bis (methanesulfonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-butynylene bis (ethanesulfonate) (each of R6, R7, R8 and R9 is methyl, each of R21 and R22 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (IV) are shown below.
(1) Y4 is -COOR23 and Y5 is -COOR24
2,4-Hexadiynylene bis(methyl carbonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
2,4-Hexadiynylene bis(ethyl carbonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,6,6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene bis(methyl carbonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1,6,6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene bis(ethyl carbonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(2) Y4 is -COR23 and Y5 is -COR24
2,4-Hexadiynylene diformate (each of R10, R11, R12, R13, R23 and R24 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
2, 4-Hexadiynylene diacetate (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
2,4-Hexadiynylene dipropionate (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,6,6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene diformate (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
1,1, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene diacetate (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene dipropionate (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
(3) Y4 is -S02R23 and Y5 is -S02R24
2,4-Hexadiynylene bis(methanesulfonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
2,4-Hexadiynylene bis(ethanesulfonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is hydrogen, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
1,1,6,6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene bis (methanesulfonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is methyl, and x is 1)
1,1,6,6-Tetramethyl-2,4-hexadiynylene bis (ethanesulfonate) (each of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is methyl, each of R23 and R24 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (V) are shown below.
Di (2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14, R16, R18 and R19 is hydrogen, each of R15 and R17 is methyl, and x is 1)
Di (2-butynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is methyl, each of R15, R16, R17 and R18 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
Di (3-butynyl) carbonate (each of R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 is hydrogen, and x is 2)
Di (2-pentynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is ethyl, each of R15, R16, R17 and R18 is hydrogen, and x is
1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-butynyl) carbonate (each of R14, R15, R16 and R19 is methyl, each of R17 and R18 is hydrogen, and x is 1)
2-Propynyl 2-butynyl carbonate (each of R14, R15, R16, R17 and R18 is hydrogen, R19 is methyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is hydrogen, each of R15, R16, R17 and R18 is methyl, and x is 1)
Bis (1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is hydrogen, each of R15, R16, R17 and R18 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is hydrogen, each of R15 and R17 is ethyl, each of R16 and R18 is methyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is hydrogen, each of R15 and R17 is isobu-tyl, each of R16 and R18 is methyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-butynyl) carbonate (each of R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 is methyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1-ethynylcyclohexyl) carbonate (each of R14 and R19 is hydrogen, combination of R15 and R16 is pentame-thylene, combination of R17 and R18 is pentamethylene, and x is 1) .
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (VI) are shown below.
(1) W is sulfinyl
Di (2-propynyl) sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 1-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Di (2-butynyl) sulfite (R25 is methyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Di (3-butynyl) sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 3-butynyl, and x is 2)
Di (2-pentynyl) sulfite (R25 is ethyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-pentynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-butynyl) sulfite (each of R25 and R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is l-methyl-2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1, l-dimethyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is ethyl, Y6 is 1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hy-drogen, R26 is ethyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is isobutyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-butynyl) sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1, l-dimethyl-2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1-ethynylcyclohexyl) sulfite (R25 is hydrogen, combination of R26 and R27 is pentamethylene, Y6 is 1-ethynylcyclohexyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is phenyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl) sulfite (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is phenyl, Y6 is 1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Methyl 2-propynyl sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Methyl l-methyl-2-propynyl sulfite (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Ethyl 2-propynyl sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Phenyl 2-propynyl sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is phenyl, and x is 1)
Cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulfite (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
(2) W is sulfonyl
Di (2-propynyl) sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen) Y6 is 2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Di (2-butynyl) sulfate (R25 is methyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Di (3-butynyl) sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 3-butynyl, and x is 2)
Di(2-pentynyl) sulfate (R25 is ethyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-pentynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-butynyl) sulfate (each of R25 and R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is l-methyl-2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1, l-dimethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is ethyl, Y6 is 1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hy-drogen, R26 is ethyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is isobutyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l,l-dimethyl-2-butynyl) sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1, l-dimethyl-2-butynyl, and x is
1)
Bis(1-ethynylcyclohexyl) sulfate (R25 is hydrogen, combination of R26 and R27 is pentamethylene, Y6 is 1-ethynylcyclohexyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is phenyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl) sulfate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is phenyl, Y6 is 1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Methyl 2-propynyl sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Methyl l-methyl-2-propynyl sulfate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Ethyl 2-propynyl sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Phenyl 2-propynyl sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is phenyl, and x is 1)
Cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulfate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
(3) W is oxalyl
Di (2-propynyl) oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Di(2-butynyl) oxalate (R25 is methyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Di (3-butynyl) oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 3-butynyl, and x is 2)
Di(2-pentynyl) oxalate (R25 is ethyl, each of R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is 2-pentynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-2-butynyl) oxalate (each of R25 and R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is l-methyl-2-butynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1, l-dimethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis (1,l-diethyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is ethyl, Y6 is 1, l-diethyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hy-drogen, R26 is ethyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-ethyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis{l-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is isobutyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-isobutyl-l-methyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-dimethyl-2-butynyl) oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1, l-dimethyl-2-butynyl, and x is
1)
Bis(1-ethynylcyclohexyl) oxalate (R25 is hydrogen,
combination of R26 and R27 is pentamethylene, Y6 is 1-
ethynylcyclohexyl, and x is 1)
Bis(l-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is phenyl, R27 is methyl, Y6 is 1-methyl-l-phenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Bis(1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl) oxalate (R25 is hydro-gen, each of R26 and R27 is phenyl, Y6 is 1,l-diphenyl-2-propynyl, and x is 1)
Methyl 2-propynyl oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Methyl l-methyl-2-propynyl oxalate (R25 is hydrogen, R26 is methyl, R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is methyl, and x is 1)
Ethyl 2-propynyl oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is ethyl, and x is 1)
Phenyl 2-propynyl oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is phenyl, and x is 1)
Cyclohexyl 2-propynyl oxalate (each of R25, R26 and R27 is hydrogen, Y6 is cyclohexyl, and x is 1)
Examples of the alkyne compound represented by the formula (VII) are shown below.
2-Pentyne (R28 is methyl, R29 is ethyl, and p is 1) 1-Hexyne (R28 is butyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1) 2-Hexyne (R28 is propyl, R29 is methyl, and p is 1) 3-Hexyne (each of R28 and R29 is ethyl, and p is 1) 1-Heptyne (R28 is pentyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is
1)
1-Octyne (R28 is hexyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1) 2-0ctyne (R28 is methyl, R29 is pentyl, and p is 1) 4-0ctyne (each of R28 and R29 is propyl, and p is 1) 1-Decyne (R28 is octyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1) 1-Dodecyne (R28 is decyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is
1)
Phenylacetylene (R28 is phenyl, R29 is hydrogen, and
p is 1)
1-Phenyl-l-propyne (R28 is phenyl, R29 is methyl, and p is 1)
1-Phenyl-l-butyne (R28 is phenyl, R29 is ethyl, and p is 1)
1-Phenyl-l-pentyne (R28 is phenyl, R29 is propyl, and p is 1)
1-Phenyl-l-hexyne (R28 is phenyl, R29 is butyl, and p is 1)
Diphenylacetylene (each of R28 and R29 is phenyl, and p is 1)
4-Ethynyltoluene (R28 is p-tolyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1)
4-Tert-butylphenylacetylene (R28 is 4-tert-butylphenyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1)
l-Ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (R28 is p-fluorophenyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1)
1,4-Diethynylbenzene (R28 is p-ethynylphenyl, R29 is hydrogen, and p is 1)
Dicyclohexylacetylene (each of R28 and R29 is cyclo-hexyl, and p is 1)
1, 4-Diphenylbutadiyne (each of R28 and R29 is phenyl, and p is 2)
An excess amount of the alkyne compound contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution might change con-ductivity of the electrolytic solution to lower battery performance. The electrolytic solution contains the al-kyne compound preferably in an amount of 10 wt.% or less, more preferably in an amount of 5 wt.% or less, and most preferably in an amount of 3 wt.% or less. On the other hand, it is difficult to form a film from an extremely small amount of the alkyne compound. Therefore, shortage of the alkyne compound might cause insufficient battery performance. The electrolytic solution contains the al-kyne compound preferably in an amount of 0.01 wt.% or
more, more preferably in an amount of 0.05 wt.% or more, and most preferably in an amount of 0.1 wt.% or more. Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains the alkyne compound preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt.%, more preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 5 wt.%, and most preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 3 wt.%.
Examples of the non-aqueous solvent used in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention include: cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene car-bonate (BC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC); lactones such as ybutyrolactone (GBL) , γ-valerolactone (GVL) , a-angelica lactone (AGL); chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl butyl carbonate (MBC), dibutyl carbonate (DBC); ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane; nitriles such as acetonitrile, adiponitrile; chain esters such as methyl propionate, methyl pivalate, butyl pivalate, octyl pivalate; amides such as dimethylformamide; phosphoric esters such as trimethyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate; and compounds having a structure of S=0 such as 1,3-propanesultone, 1,4-propanesultone, divinyl sulfone, tetramethylene bis(methanesulfonate), ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate.
Examples of combination of the non-aqueous solvents include various combinations such as a combination of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, a combination of a cyclic carbonate and a lactone, a combination of a cy-clic carbonate, a lactone and a chain ester, a combina-tion of a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate and a lac-tone, a combination of a cyclic carbonate, a chain car-bonate and an ether, and a combination of a cyclic car-
bonate, a chain carbonate and a chain ester. The combi-nation of the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate, or the combination of the cyclic carbonate, the lactone and the chain carbonate is preferred. The volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate to the chain carbonate is preferably in the range of 1:9 to 10:0, and more preferably in the range of 2:8 to 7:3.
Examples of the electrolyte salt used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution include: LiPF6; LiBF4; LiC104; lithium salts comprising a chain alkyl group such as LiN(S02CF3)2/ LiN (S02C2F5) 2, LiC (S02CF3) 3, LiPF4(CF3)2, LiPF3 (C2F5)3, LiPF3(CF3)3, LiPF3(iso-C3F7)3, LiPF5(iso-C3F7); and lithium salts comprising a cyclic alkylene group such as (CF2) 2 (S02) 2NLi, (CF2) 3 (S02) 2NLi . Only one electrolyte salt can be used in the solution. Further, two or more electrolyte salts can be used in combination. The concentration of the electrolyte salts dissolved in the non-aqueous medium is preferably of 0.3 M or more, more preferably of 0.5 M or more, and most preferably of 0.7 M or more. The concentration is preferably of 3 M or less, more preferably of 2.5 M or less, and most preferably of 2 M or less.
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing nonaqueous solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dissolving the above-mentioned electrolyte salt in the mixture, and dissolving a vinylene carbonate compound and an alkyne compound in the solution.
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention can contain the air or carbon diox ide to inhibit generation of a gas caused by decomposi tion of the electrolytic solution and to improve battery performance such as cycle and storage characteristics.
Carbon dioxide or the air can be contained (dis-solved) in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in the present invention according to a method (1) of contacting the non-aqueous electrolytic solution to the air or a gas containing carbon dioxide to introduce the air or the gas into the solution, and then injecting the solution into the battery, or a method of (2) injecting the non-aqueous electrolytic solution into the battery, and then introducing the air or a gas containing carbon dioxide into the battery before or after sealing the battery. The two methods can be used in combination. The amount of the moisture contained in the air or the gas containing carbon dioxide is preferably small as possible. The amount of the moisture is so reduced that the due point of the air or the gas is lower than -40°C, and more preferably lower than -50°C.
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention can further contain an aromatic compound to secure safety of the battery from excessive charge. Examples of the aromatic compound include cyclo-hexylbenzene, a fluorocyclohexylbenzene compound (e.g., l-fluoro-2-cyclohexylbenzene, l-fluoro-3-cyclohexylbenzene, l-fluoro-4-cyclohexylbenzene), biphe-nyl, terphenyl (o-, m-, p-), diphenyl ether, 2-fluorophenyl phenyl ether, 4-fluorophenyl phenyl ether, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene (o-, m-, p-), 2-fluorobiphenyl, 4-fluorobiphenyl, 2,4-difluoroanisole, tert-butylbenzene, 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene, l-fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene, tert-pentylbenzene, 4-tert-butylbiphenyl, tert-pentylbiphenyl, a partially hydrogen-ated o-terphenyl (such as 1,2-dicyclohexylbenzene, 2-phenylbicyclohexyl, 1,2-diphenylcyclohexane, o-cyclohexylbiphenyl), a partially hydrogenated m-terphenyl (examples analogous to the examples of the partially hydrogenated o-terphenyl) and a partially hydrogenated p-
terphenyl (examples analogous to the examples of the par-tially hydrogenated o-terphenyl). The non-aqueous elec-trolytic solution contains the aromatic compound prefera-bly in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt.%.
Two or more aromatic compounds can be used in combi-nation. Examples of the combination include biphenyl and cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and tert-butylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and tert-pentylbenzene, biphenyl and fluorobenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and fluoro-benzene, 2,4-difluoroanisole and cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and l-fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and a fluorocyclohexylbenzene compound, a fluorocyclohexylbenzene compound and fluorobenzene, and 2,4-difluoroanisole and a fluorocyclohexylbenzene compound. The weight mixing ratio is preferably in the range of 50:50 to 10:90, more preferably in the range of 50:50 to 20:80, and most preferably in the range of 50:50 to 25:75. In the non-aqueous electrolytic solution system containing the vinylene carbonate compound and the alkyne compound, at least one aromatic compound preferably is a compound substituted with a fluorine atom. A fluorocyclohexylbenzene compound is particularly preferred.
The non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present invention can be used as a part of a secondary battery, particularly a lithium secondary battery. There is no specific limitation with respect to parts of the secondary battery other than the non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Conventional various parts can be used in the secondary battery.
Examples of the active cathode material include a complex metal oxide of lithium with cobalt, manganese or nickel. Only one material can be selected and used as the active cathode material. Further, two or more active cathode materials can be used in combination. Examples
of the complex metal oxide include LiCo02/ LiMn204, LiNi02/ LiCo1_xNix02 (0.01