FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to a disinfectant formulation.

BACKGROUND

Disinfectants are substances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects. Disinfectant cleaners kill micro-organisms as well as clean the area where it is applied. Disinfectants with 99.9999% antimicrobial efficacy and negligible toxicity are classified as sixth generation disinfectants. There are various types of disinfectants available of which some are provided herein below:

■ Air disinfectants - They are typically chemical substances capable of disinfecting microorganisms suspended in the air. An air disinfectant such as glycols must be dispersed either as an aerosol or vapour at a sufficient concentration in the air to cause the number of viable infectious microorganisms to be significantly reduced.

■ Alcohols - Alcohols such as ethanol and propanol are sometimes used as a disinfectant, but more often as an antiseptic .

■ Aldehydes - Aldehyde, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, have a wide microbiocidal activity and are sporocidal and fungicidal.

■ Oxidizing agents - Oxidizing agents such as compounds of chlorine and oxygen like sodium hypochlorite, chloramines are used as disinfectants. They act by oxidizing the cell membrane of microorganisms, which results in a loss of structure and leads to cell lysis and death.

■ Phenolics - They are active ingredients in some household disinfectants. They are also found in some mouthwashes and in disinfectant soap and handwashes, e.g., o-Phenylphenol, Chloroxylenol etc.

■ Quaternary ammonium compounds - Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats"), such as benzalkonium chloride, are a large group of related compounds used as disinfectants.

All disinfectants need not be good cleaners such as chlorine bleach solutions are good at disinfecting but are not efficient cleaners. Phenols can damage floor finishing and sensitive flooring. Iodines and similar compounds stain surfaces and corrode metals.

A disinfectant cleaner must be diluted properly and must have a specific dwell time in order to kill the harmful bacteria and viruses and remove the dirt in a one-step application. General purpose cleaners use surfactants and detergents that primarily emulsify oil. Once the oil is emulsified, it goes into suspension in water and the dirt is released from the soiled surface.

Existing Knowledge

US2010216890, US2004029767, US2005277573 relate to bactericidal and fungicidal disinfectant formulations comprising at least one amine and/or quaternary salt, at least one alkanolamine or a corresponding salt, with variable general formulae and specific mass ratio; wherein the formulations show disinfectant and preservative properties. The composition of the disinfectant formulation disclosed in US2005089496 significantly resembles that in the above mentioned patents, however, the former composition has been said to have virucidal applications.

US2010222433 discloses formulation of a disinfectant cleaner comprising an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, an octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, a dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, a didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, an alkylamine, a guanidine, a penetrant, a surfactant, a chelant, an essence and deionized water in a combined form.

US6762162 relates to acidic hard surface cleaner's constitution, a disinfectant which is a quaternary ammonium biocide and/or a substituted guanidine biocide such as a biguanide biocide, a cationic polymer and a non-anionic surfactant moiety. It also discloses inclusion of water at the time of use.

US2002123523, US6197814, US7803407 disclose an aqueous disinfectant for specific applications as a preventive agent against contamination by potentially pathogenic bacteria and virus. It is formulated by electrolytically generating silver ions in water in combination with a citric acid, and comprises a suitable alcohol and/or a detergent.

US7863233 relates to a detergent and disinfectant comprising water-soluble permanganates and a chemical oxidant, wherein all components are present in powder form and a respective powder mixture is dissolved rapidly and freed from residues in water.

US2010227930 discloses a quaternary ammonium disinfectant cleaner comprising quaternary ammonium compound(s) either including octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, in a relative proportion of 2:1:1; or consisting essentially of quaternary ammonium compounds consisting essentially of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; along with excipients such as a sequesterant, a surfactant, a builder, with their respective combinations thereof, accompanied by a solvent.

US7642227, US7851430 relate to cleansing compositions for cleaning and/or disinfecting hard surfaces.
US5057303, US5064635 relate to a surface cleaning composition containing a disappearing dye along with a germicide wherein the dye is pH sensitive and disappears upon exposure to air.

US6841090 discloses liquid disinfecting compositions comprising an effective amount of a disinfecting material along with a poly (alkylene glycol) ether, having varied formulae. Processes of disinfecting hard-surfaces by employing such compositions have been disclosed.

US5925681 relates to concentrated aqueous liquid disinfectant formulations exhibiting a blooming effect when diluted in a larger volume of water. The concentrate compositions include non-phenolic constituents to provide a disinfecting effect and have applications with respect to gram positive as well as gram negative type pathogenic bacteria.

US5576284 discloses a disinfectant-containing hard surface cleaner composition possessing a mixture of an alkyl or alkenyl oligoglycoside and certain C8-C18 alkyl ethers.

US6753306 relates to a germicide and disinfectant formulation comprising detergent and at least two enzymes adapted to cause lysis of glycoproteins present in infectious agents; whereby the said formulation can be used in conjunction with prepackaged wipes and kits.

US6063335 relates to a method for disinfecting a surface with the aid of a solution containing a fully or partially neutralized orthophosphate and optionally one or more surfactants.

US2003004216, US6441045 relate to a disinfectant composition containing more than 0.05% and less than 9.4% by volume of dimethyl benzyl lauryl ammonium bromide along with pure, de-ionized, bacteria free water and in case where the pH of water is between 5.0 and 6.8, a first stabilizer structured to adjust the pH level of the disinfectant composition to approximately 7, ammonium sulfate structured to increase the strength of the composition and a stabilizer structured to lower the pH level of the disinfectant composition back to approximately 7.

US7465697, US7763575 disclose cleaning and disinfecting formulations for cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing inanimate and animate surfaces comprising thyme oil or thyme oil and origanum oil, a salt of a transition metal, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and water.

US5035859 discloses use of the microbicide, N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, as a contact lenses disinfectant; wherein C8-C20 N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones have been regarded as suitable for practical use and octyl, decyl or dodecyl as the preferred alkyl moieties.

US2004253139 relates to a surface disinfectant and its method of use; wherein the surface disinfectant comprises an effective concentration of an alkyl ester of lactic acid and the disinfection is achieved by applying the disinfectant to the surface to be disinfected.

US2007134136 relates to formulations used for disinfecting and antiseptic purposes comprising a chelating metal complex compound constituting a monodentate, bidentate, or polydentate ligand that exhibits affinity to hydrogen ion, an ionogenic surfactant, and a solvent.

US6540960 relates to a disinfecting process wherein, aqueous peroxide compositions prepared by reacting hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide supplier with an N-acyl compound in an alkaline medium and further adjusting the pH value of this alkaline solution in the 7-9 range are exposed to instruments to be disinfected.

US5393789 relates to a bactericidal, Mycobactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal disinfectant concentrate and a subsequent disinfectant constituting an amine and an alcohol; whereby the said concentrate is characterized in that the alcohol component includes at least one aromatic alcohol and the amine component includes at least one tertiary alkyl amine which is free of hydroxyl groups.

US5919698 relates to a method for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses using hydrogen peroxide as the disinfecting agent and a protease as the cleaning agent.

US5279673 relates to compositions and a method for disinfecting contact lenses comprising contacting the lenses to be disinfected in a liquid medium with at least one chlorine dioxide precursor, in the presence of at least one acidic component.

US 7419944 relates to disinfecting solutions for ophthalmic devices such as contact lenses comprising a microbicide such as polyhexamethylene biguanide or alexidine, and a buffering agent in the form of a water soluble salt of a bis-aminopolyol such as l,3-bis(tris[hydroxymethyl]methylamino)propane.

US5739168 relates to a germicidal-disinfectant detergent composition comprising a cationic germicide, a metal chelating agent and at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.

US4683072 discloses a two-component tablet for cleaning and disinfecting toilet flush tanks wherein the tablet adheres to the tank and is not washed away and/or gets decomposed. The said tablet comprising extruded component A consisting essentially of an alkylbenzene sulfonate, inorganic alkali metal salts, at least one plasticizer, at least one disintegration rate regulator, a disinfectant selected from a chlorine releasing compound or an active oxygen containing compound or acid and a complexing agent and component B consisting essentially of an alkylbenzene sulfonate, inorganic alkali metal salts, at least one plasticizer, at least one disintegration rate regulator, perfume and dye; wherein component A and B occupy different portions of the final tablet.
US5741520 discloses a water soluble effervescent tablet formulation for preparing a disinfecting solution comprising a first tablet containing a bromide releasing agent and a second tablet containing a hypochlorite releasing agent.

US5491091 discloses a method for disinfecting contact lenses with peroxide whereby, the disinfecting process is carried out at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of about 0.01 to less than 0.5% (w/v). An effervescent tablet of an alkali metal such as perborate, percarbonate or persulfate or urea is used to introduce peroxide into the system.

US2008135062 discloses a disinfecting tablet comprising sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate and at least one swellable disintegrating agent whereby, the said tablet demonstrates rapid disintegration and low friability. The patent also discloses a disinfecting cleaning tool assembly and a method of cleaning.

US7070737 relates to disinfecting articles and wipes saturated with an aqueous hypohalite composition possessing applications for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces against harmful and infectious pathogens.

US5962001 discloses a disinfecting and sanitizing article comprising a substrate capable of absorbing and retaining a fluid and having two opposed surfaces wherein at least one surface is abrasive, and a nonabrasive liquid formulation for disinfecting and sanitizing is absorbed in the substrate, the liquid formulation comprising an oil-in-water emulsion.

US5320806, US5135623 disclose a method of disinfecting a contact lens comprising placing the contact lens to be disinfected into a liquid electrolyte containing chlorine dioxide precursor, e.g., stabilized chlorine dioxide, and forming a disinfecting amount of chlorine dioxide in the liquid electrolyte by passing an electric current through the liquid electrolyte.

US6231647 relates to a vacuum cleaner possessing a conditioning pack that deodorizes and/or disinfects the stored waste matter even when the vacuum cleaner is not in operation.

US2005022330 discloses a robot cleaner for simultaneously and selectively performing automatic floor cleaning and automatic floor disinfection.

US6270275 relates to a sponge storage and disinfecting device employed to enclose a kitchen or bathroom sponge when not in use. The device has housing with a hinged lid to cover the sponge container tray, and with a liquid reservoir behind the tray for dispensing a cleaning and disinfecting solution into the sponge when the sponge is pushed down in the tray. In a preferred embodiment the sponge rests on a platform supported resiliently in the tray, and pushing down of the sponge and tray opens a valve door to admit disinfecting liquid from the storage reservoir into the tray.

US20110195131 discloses a disinfectant cleaner comprising nanoparticles of silver, copper or gold; at least one surfactant which includes a quaternary ammonium surfactant; a solvent; a gelling agent; and water.

US20090232860 discloses a disinfectant hand sanitizing compositions including 10 to 1500 ppm colloidal silver, from 0.01 wt % to 30 wt % alcohol, at least 70 wt % water and a thickening agent.

The existing disinfectant compositions are associated with various disadvantages such as high toxicity values. Further these compositions need to be used at high concentration to get effective disinfection. Still further the available disinfectant compositions are useful for specific applications. Also, none of them belong to the enhanced generation VI category in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Therefore there is felt a need to develop disinfectant formulations with high efficacy, low toxicity and having a wide range of applications.

OBJECTS

Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

An object of the present disclosure is to provide simple synergistic disinfectant formulations with high efficacy and low toxicity.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a simple process for the preparation of disinfectant formulations.

Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide highly stable disinfectant formulations which possess long lasting efficacy and high cleaning efficiency at low concentration.

Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide disinfectant formulations having a wide range of applications.

Further object of the present disclosure is to provide disinfectant formulations which are eco-friendly and cost-effective.

An additional object of the present disclosure is to provide an enhanced sixth generation disinfectant in terms of toxicity and efficacy.

Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

SUMMARY

In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a non toxic and stable disinfectant formulation comprising:

a. micro colloidal silver less than 2% of the total mass of the formulation in water; and

b. at least one additive selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, surfactants, fragrance, color dyes, binder, shine factor and viscous liquids.

Typically, the organic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid and acetic acid.

Typically, the alcohol is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, n- propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

Typically, the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 20.

Typically, the fragrance is at least one selected from the group consisting of natural, synthetic and encapsulated fragrances.

Typically, the color dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of blue and green colors.

Typically, the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl product and acrylic binder.

Typically, the viscous liquid is at least one selected from the group of liquids with CST value in the range of 100 to 1000.

Typically, the percentage of organic acid is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of alcohol is less than 5% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of surfactant is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of fragrance is less than 5% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of color dye is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of binder is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of shine factor is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of viscous liquid is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the percentage of water is greater than 83% of the total mass of the formulation.

Typically, the formulation is stable to water hardness conditions in the range of lOOppmtolOOOppm.

Typically, the formulation is stable at a temperature ranging between 20 °C and 80 °C.

Typically, the efficacy of the formulation is about 99.9999% against bacteria.

Typically, the formulation is in a form selected from the group consisting of powder, liquid, tablet, suspension, emulsion, gel, cake, soap and spray.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;
Figure 1 illustrates the size distribution versus intensity data of the colloidal silver microparticles.
Figure 2 illustrates a graph of zeta potential against total counts of the silver micro colloidal particles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description herein after the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.

Colloidal silver is a suspension of submicroscopic metallic silver particles in a colloidal base. Colloidal silver has wide applications in medicines and other areas of research due to its antimicrobial activity.

A colloid of silver comprises very small particles of metallic silver suspended in water. The atomic micro-clusters of silver atoms found in colloidal silver range in size between approximately 0.001 and 0.01 microns. This small size with its large surface area to volume ratio enables the surface chemistry of silver which in turn dramatically increases the reactivity of silver with the substances that it comes in contact with. These particles are smaller than the individual cells of bacteria and some of the particles are even smaller than viruses.

In accordance with the present disclosure there is provided a simple synergistic disinfectant formulation having six fold antimicrobial efficacy even at very low concentrations of the active ingredient, comprising:

a. colloidal silver in water; and

b. at least one additive selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, surfactants, fragrance, color dyes, binder, shine factor and viscous liquids.

Typically, the colloidal silver is in a micro sized form.

Typically, the concentration of colloidal silver is low (as low as few tens of parts per billion).

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the percentage of micro colloidal silver is less than 2% of the total mass of the formulation.

The formulation further comprises at least one additive.

Typically, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is at least one selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, surfactants, fragrance, color dyes, binder, shine factor and viscous liquids

Typically, the organic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid and acetic acid.

Typically, the alcohol is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, n- propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

Typically, surfactant is at least one selected from the group ionic, non-ionic, neutral and amphoteric surfactants.

Typically, surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 20.

Typically, the color dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of blue and green colors.

Typically, the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl product and acrylic binder.

Typically, the viscous liquid is at least one selected from the group of liquids with CST value in the range of 100 to 1000.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, suitable additives present in the disinfectant formulation have specific functions which are as follows:-

■ organic acids (e.g. citric acid) work on lime stains and other harsh stains in applications like toilet and factory areas,

■ alcohols address the sanitization of hand, glass cleaning and other suitable areas,

■ suitable surfactants (ionic, non-ionic or neutral and amphoteric) give 100% cleaning efficacy,

■ suitable color dyes which are added to the formulation give a pleasant color to the formulation and

■ fragrance composition give pleasant signature fragrances like citronella, lemon, orange, pine, rose, jasmine and lavender.

Typically, the fragrances can be in natural, synthetic or encapsulated form depending on the application.

The percent composition of the ingredients in the formulation is as follows:
Table 1

The disinfectant formulation is highly stable to water hardness conditions in the range of 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. Also, the disinfectant formulation is stable at a temperature range of 20 °C to 80 °C.

The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure is highly active against a wide range of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and the like.

The efficacy of the formulation is about 99.9999% against bacteria. The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure requires less than 30 seconds to kill the bacteria. Also, the formulation kills the viruses in a few minutes.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of the disinfectant formulation comprising mixing of all ingredient of the formulation at room temperature.

The disinfectant formulation being non-leaching in nature does not leave the surface it is applied to for disinfection, cleaning or sanitization. The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure works on the intended surface and does not affect the environment around the surface. The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure on application leaves a residue in a quantity that is non hazardous to the surroundings, plants and animals but enough to give a long lasting efficacy to the surface (more than 24 hrs).

The formulation has more than 100% cleaning efficiency and acts against hard stains like grease and lime but is not limited to them and the efficacy is achieved without the use of any bleach.

The formulation can be developed either in concentrate or ready to use form. The formulation is in a form selected from the group consisting of powder, liquid, tablet, suspension, emulsion, gel, cake, soap and spray.

The particle size of the active ingredient colloidal silver present in the formulation is in micro size with slight ionic charge (as a particle, including silver; the formulation does not in any way release silver ions) which is proven to be highly safe to the human system, surfaces, other forms of life and environment and the other additives used in the formulation are chosen in such a way as to be highly non toxic as a complete formulation. Owing to the particle size of colloidal silver, the active ingredient has negligible toxicity. The concentration of colloidal silver used is very low, much below the toxicity limits (40 ppb) defined by EPA. The silver further aggregates to form higher particles when left exposed to the atmosphere, which is non-toxic and non-hazardous to the environment.

The formulation of the present disclosure is also compatible with self cleaning products like titania; UV-protection products like zinc oxide and other suitable additives which enhance the properties of the formulation.

The disinfectant formulation has sterilizing, antiseptic, disinfectant, cleaner and preservative properties. The formulation addresses a wide range of applications of disinfectants and cleaners like floor cleaning and disinfection, toilet cleaning and disinfection, surface cleaning and disinfection, glass cleaning and disinfection, textile and linen disinfection, sanitization and cleaning, cleaning wipes (moist, semi moist, dry and tablet form (a compact form of the wipe which opens up into a complete wipe on exposure to water), surface sanitization, hand sanitization, scrubs, water disinfection and cleaning, water sanitization, instrument disinfection and cleaning, instrument sanitization, household items, as additive with fabric conditioners and detergents and but limited to it, electronic goods cleaning, disinfection and sanitization, hospital devices used for diagnosis, surgeries etc, aerosol for applications like fogging fluid but not limited to these and involving all other relevant applications involving disinfection, sanitization and cleaning.

The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure can be dispensed with any type of dispensable machines and also used in conjunction with the robotic machines for disinfection, vacuum cleaners and others.

MODE OF ACTION OF THE FORMULATION OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE:

The product is non-leaching owing to its particle size and particulate nature and does not leave the surface it is applied to resulting in antimicrobial protection. It works on the intended surface and does not affect the environment around the surface.

The instant the bacteria reach the micro colloidal silver particles of the formulation, owing to the slight ionic charge on the silver matrix (particle as a whole), the colloidal particles gets attracted towards the oxygen receptor of the bacterial cell.

Micro colloidal silver particles have larger size as compared to the pore size of the bacterial cell membrane and thus while penetrating through the membrane, colloidal silver particles disrupt it leading to the destruction of bacteria.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates the size distribution versus intensity data of the colloidal silver microparticles.

Techniques that use physical properties like Brownian motion of particles, scattering of light to measure the sizes of micro colloidal silver particles suspended in a liquid had been employed herein. Particles of a greater size show slow Brownian motion; thereby demonstrating more light scattering and resulting in a sharp peak characterized by high intensity (Peak 1). Similarly, smaller particles show comparatively fast Brownian motion; thereby demonstrating less light scattering and resulting in a blunt peak characterized by low intensity (Peak 2). The Z-Average diameter was found to be 92.80 nm with Pdl: 0.387 and intercept: 0.836

Table 2

Figure 2 illustrates a graph of zeta potential values against total counts of the silver micro colloidal particles.

Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal systems.

It is the potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle. The zeta potential values relate to the stability of the colloidal particles.

Table 3
The average zeta potential of the formulation was found to be -20.9 mV with 10.6 mV as the Zeta deviation and conductivity 0.699 mS/cm.

The results thus indicate the overall stability of the said formulation.

The present disclosure will now be explained with the help of some of the following examples:

Examples

The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

1) Composition for Surface Disinfectant; The ingredients given in Table 4 were mixed in the required amount at room temperature to form a composition for surface disinfectant.

Table 4

2) Composition for Floor Disinfectant: The ingredients given in Table 5 were mixed in the required amount at room temperature to form a composition for floor disinfectant. Table 5

3) Composition for Toilet Disinfectant: The ingredients given in Table 6 were mixed in the required amount at room temperature to form a composition for toilet disinfectant.

Table 6

4) Composition for Linen Disinfectant: The ingredients given in Table 7 were mixed in the required amount at room temperature to form a composition for linen disinfectant.

Table 7
5) Composition for Glass Disinfectant: The ingredients given in Table 8 were mixed in the required amount at room temperature to form a composition for glass disinfectant.

Analysis Data

A) Surface Residual Test of the formulation:

The surface residual test for the formulation was carried out using the following process:

Firstly, the user was made to apply the product on a surface continuously for a week. In the following week, the user was made to clean the surface with plain water. At the end of the 2nd week, swabs of the residue from the cleaned surface were collected. These swabs were submitted to a local third party lab for the estimation of the quantity of residual silver left on the cleaned surface.

The results are as shown in Table 9.

Table 9:

Results: - Test reports showed that a week after cessation of the use of the formulation of the present disclosure, there was a residual disinfectant activity due to the presence of residual silver.

Thus the results show that the surfaces continued to have protection against microbes beyond the period of one week.

The residual silver at the end of the 2nd week was only 50 ppb or 0.05ppm, too low to cause any environmental effects but good enough to give residual disinfectant activity to the surface.

B) Toxicity Tests: The formulation of the present disclosure passed the required toxicity parameters as per OECD requirement.

Active ingredient N9 Pure silver passed the followed toxicity testing (tested at ISO 130) which includes:
a. Acute Oral Toxicity in Rats;
b. Primary Skin Irritation in Rabbits;
c. Eye Irritation Study in rabbits;
d. Skin Sensitization study in Guinea Pigs;
e. 28 day Repeated Dose Dermal toxicity study - 14 days recovery period – in rats;
f. Bacterial Reverse Mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium Tester strain; and

g. In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration test in cultured Human Peripheral blood Lymphocytes.

The bacterial Reverse Mutation test proved that the formulation did not allow bacteria to develop resistance against it.

C) Antimicrobial Activity:

The disinfectant formulation of the present disclosure is highly active against a wide range of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and other harmful micro organisms. The test details are provided in table 10.

Table 10

4) Efficacy of the Formulation: - MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of Colloidal Silver for most of the microbes is between 10 to 100 ppb.

Table 11 provides the details of the different generation disinfectants. Table 11

The efficacy of the formulation of the present disclosure is about 99.9999% and falls in the extended six generation disinfectants. The formulation requires less than 30 seconds for killing bacteria and kills viruses in few minutes. Table 12 - Time for killing viruses

Table 13- Time for killing bacteria

Table 14- Time for killing fungus

Fungus Time to Kill

Aspergillus niger 4 minutes
Clostridium difficile 4 minutes

5) Stability Data of the Formulation a) For Floor Disinfectant Cleaner

Table 15

S.No. Parameter Immediate 1st month 3rd month 6th month 9th month lyear

1 Appearance Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green

2 pH (as such & 1% sol) 7.0 & 7.6 7.1 &7.5 6.9 & 7.6 7.0 & 7.5 7.0 & 7.4 7.0 & 7.4

3 Sp Gravity 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4 Centrifuge Stability @ 3000 ppm Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

5 Heat Stability RTto80°C RTto80°C RT to 80°C RT to 80°C RTto80uC RTto80yC

6 Ionic Nature Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic

7 Surface Tension 28.23 Dynes/cm 28.20 Dynes/cm 28.25 Dynes/cm 28.21 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm

8 Refractive Index 1.365 1.361 1.359 1.367 1.363 1.363

9 Viscosity 3.18 Cps 3.19 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps

10 Accelerated Ageing Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam

11 Shear Stability (1 gpl, 45 to 50°C for 30 min) Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

12 Solid Content 0.43% 0.42% 0.41% 0.42% 0.43% 0.43%

13 Foam Height 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml

14 Hardness of Water 0 ppm to 1000 ppm -stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable b) For Glass Disinfectant Cleaner Table 16 S.No Parameter Immediate 1" Month 3rd Month 6'" Month 9th Month 1 year

1 Appearance Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green

2 pH (as such & 1% sol) 7.0 & 7.6 7.1 &7.5 6.9 &7.6 7.0 &7.5 7.0 & 7.4 7.0 &7.4

3 Sp Gravity 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4 Centrifuge Stability® 3000 ppm Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

5 Heat Stability RT to 60°C RTto60"C RTto60uC RT to 60°C RTto60°C RTto60uC

6 Ionic Nature Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic

7 Surface Tension 28.23 Dynes/cm 28.20 Dynes/cm 28.25 Dynes/cm 28.21 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm

8 Refractive Index 1.365 1.361 1.359 1.367 1.363 1.363

9 Viscosity 3.18 Cps 3.19 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps

10 Accelerated Ageing Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam

11 Shear Stability (1 gpl, 45 to 50°C for 30 min) Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

12 Solid Content 0.43% 0.42% 0.41% 0.42% 0.43% 0.43%

13 Foam Height 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml

14 Hardness of Water 0 ppm to 1000 ppm -stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable

15 Boiling Point 85°C 85°C 85°C 85°C 85°C 85UC

16 Solvent Water Based with low levels of alcohol Water Based with low levels of alcohol Water Based with low levels of alcohol Water Based with low levels of alcohol Water Based with low levels of alcohol Water Based with low levels of alcohol

c) For Surface Disinfectant Cleaner Table 17

S.No. Parameter Immediate 1" Month 3rd Month 6th month 9,h Month 12* Month

1 Appearance Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green Fluorescent Green

2 pH (as such & 1% sol) 7.0 & 7.6 7.1 &7.5 6.9 & 7.6 7.0 &7.5 7.0 &7.4 7.0 &7.4

3 Sp Gravity 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4 Centrifuge Stability @ 3000 ppm Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

5 Heat Stability RTto70°C RTto70°C RTto70°C RTto70uC RTto70°C RTto70uC
6 Ionic Nature Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic

7 Surface Tension 28.23 Dynes/cm 28.20 Dynes/cm 28.25 Dynes/cm 28.21 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm 28.19 Dynes/cm

8 Refractive Index 1.365 1.361 1.359 1.367 1.363 1.363

9 Viscosity 3.18 Cps 3.19 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps 3.18 Cps
10 Accelerated Ageing Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam

11 Shear Stability (1 gpl, 45 to 50°C for 30 min) Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

12 Solid Content 0.43% 0.42% 0.41% 0.42% 0.43% 0.43%

13 Foam Height 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml

14 Hardness of Water 0 ppm to 1000 ppm -stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 100 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable

15 Boiling Point 95°C 95°C 95UC 95°C 95°C 95°C

16 Solvent Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based

d) For Toilet Disinfectant Cleaner
Table 18

S.No Parameter Immediate 1st Month 3rd Month 6* Month 9th month 12* Month

1 Appearance Fluorescent
bluish
Green Fluorescent
bluish
Green Fluorescent
bluish
Green Fluorescent
bluish
Green Fluorescent
bluish
Green Fluorescent
bluish
Green

2 PH 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

3 Sp Gravity 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4 Centrifuge Stability @ 3000 ppm Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

5 Heat Stability RTto70uC RT to 70°C RTto70°C RT to 70°C RT to 70°C RTto70uC

6 Ionic Nature Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic Non Ionic

7 Surface Tension 31.32 Dynes/cm 31.32 Dynes/cm 31.32 Dynes/cm 31.32 Dynes/cm 31.32 Dynes/cm 31.32 Dynes/cm

8 Refractive Index 1.365 1.361 1.359 1.367 1.363 1.363

9 Viscosity 5.12 Cps 5.12 Cps 5.12 Cps 5.12 Cps 5.12 Cps 5.12 Cps

10 Accelerated Ageing Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam Top thick Foam

11 Shear Stability (1 gpl, 45 to 50°C for 30 min) Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable

12 Solid Content 0.43% 0.42% 0.41% 0.42% 0.43% 0.43%

13 Foam Height 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml 220ml, 60 ml

14 Hardness of Water 0 ppm to 1000 ppm -stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm -stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable 0 ppm to 1000 ppm-stable

15 Boiling Point 95°C 95°C 95°C 95°C 95°C 95UC

16 Solvent Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based Water Based

6) Cleaning Efficacy of the Formulation

The cleaning factor of the formulation was achieved by adding suitable surfactant additives giving a high cleaning factor with additional shine factor to the surface.

Instrumental evaluation by reflectance

For measuring the cleaning efficacy of the formulation of the present disclosure, the formulation was used on a tile.

A baseline was run with references in the holder and any contribution from the references is made zero. The reflectance of the control, untreated and treated was recorded at three different points on the tile in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 run. The wavelength for a maximum reflectance value was fixed and the reflectance value was determined

The reflectance value for the control was taken as the 100% cleaning efficacy and the % cleaning efficacy of the untreated and treated were determined using the formula, % Cleaning efficacy = ((R(T) - R(U))/(R(C) - R(U))* 100 Where R(C) is the reflectance of the initial tile - control R(U) is the reflectance of the soiled tile - untreated R(T) is the reflectance of the cleaned tile – treated Mean and standard deviation of the three readings were calculated from the reflectance value of the three different values taken on the tile.

Table 19 provides the % cleaning efficacy of the formulation of the present disclosure along with % cleaning efficacy of the competitors available in the market.

Table 20 provides the ratings for the cleaned surface as per visual evaluation: Table 20

Table 21 provides the rating figures given by the judges for the formulation of the present disclosure as well as the other competitors available in the market..

TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT

Disinfectant formulation comprising micro colloidal silver as described in the present disclosure has several advantages such as:

• the formulation provided by the present disclosure is highly effective against micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and the like;

• the formulation has a high cleaning efficacy;

• the formulation is non-toxic to the user and the environment as the amount of micro colloidal silver used is minimum;

• the formulation is highly effective at low concentration;

• the formulation is non - leaching and acts at the required area and does not effect the environment;

• the formulation removes stain without bleaching the surface on which it is applied;

• the formulation is highly stable, eco-friendly and has a wide range of applications; and

• the process for preparing the formulation is simple, safe and cost-effective.

The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the present disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary. Wherever a range of values is specified, a value up to 10% below and above the lowest and highest numerical value respectively, of the specified range, is included in the scope of the present disclosure.

In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the present disclosure can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular features of this present disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principle of the present disclosure. These and other modifications in the nature of the present disclosure or the preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the present disclosure and not as a limitation.

We claim:

1. A non toxic and stable disinfectant formulation comprising:

a. micro colloidal silver less than 2% of the total mass of the formulation in water; and

b. at least one additive selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, surfactants, fragrance, color dyes, binder, shine factor and viscous liquids.

2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid and acetic acid.

3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, n- propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.

4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 20.

5. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fragrance is at least one selected from the group consisting of natural, synthetic and encapsulated fragrances.

6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of blue and green colors.

7. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of consisting of polyvinyl product and acrylic binder.

8. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscous liquid is at least one selected from the group of liquids with CST value in the range of 100 to 1000.

9. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of organic acid is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

10. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of alcohol is less than 5% of the total mass of the formulation.

11. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of surfactant is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

12. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of fragrance is less than 5% of the total mass of the formulation.

13. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of color dye is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

14. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of binder is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

15. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of shine factor is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

16. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of viscous liquid is less than 1% of the total mass of the formulation.

17. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage of water is greater than 83% of the total mass of the formulation.

18. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is stable to water hardness conditions in the range of 100 ppm to 1000 ppm.

19. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is stable at a temperature ranging between 20 °C and 80 °C.

20. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the efficacy of the formulation is about 99.9999% against bacteria.

21. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is in a form selected from the group consisting of powder, liquid, tablet, suspension, emulsion, gel, cake, soap and spray.