Specification
SPECIFICATION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENT
USING SAME, AND 1,2-DIOXYPROPANE COMPOUND USED IN SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD [0001]
The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution capable of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high temperature charging storage, an electrochemical element using it, and a 1,2-dioxypropane compound used for it.
BACKGROUND ART [0002]
In recent years, electrochemical elements, especially lithium secondary batteries have been widely used as power supplies for small-sized electronic devices such as mobile telephones, notebook-size personal computers and the like, power supplies for electric vehicles, as well as for electric power storage, etc. These electronic devices and vehicles may be used in a broad temperature range, for example, at midsummer high temperatures or at frigid low temperatures, and are therefore required to be improved in point of the charging and discharging cycle properties well balanced in a broad temperature range.
A lithium secondary battery is mainly constituted of a positive electrode and a negative electrode containing a material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent. For the nonaqueous solvent, used are carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) , propylene carbonate (PC), etc.
As the negative electrode, known are metal lithium, and metal compounds (metal elemental substances, oxides, alloys with lithium, etc.) and carbon materials capable of absorbing and releasing lithium. In particular, a lithium secondary battery using a carbon material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium, such as coke, artificial graphite, natural graphite or the like, has been widely put into practical use.
[0003]
For example, it is known that, in a lithium secondary battery using a highly-crystalline carbon material such as natural graphite, artificial graphite or the like as the negative electrode material therein, the decomposed product or gas generated through reductive decomposition of the solvent in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution on the surface of the negative electrode during charging detracts from the electrochemical reaction favorable for the battery, therefore worsening the cycle properties of the battery. Deposition of the decomposed product of the nonaqueous solvent interferes with smooth absorption and release of lithium by the negative electrode, and therefore, in particular, the low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be thereby often worsened.
In addition, it is known that a lithium secondary-battery using a lithium metal or its alloy, or a metal elemental substance such as tin, silicon or the like or its metal oxide as the negative electrode material therein may have a high initial battery capacity but the battery-capacity and the battery performance thereof such as cycle properties greatly worsens, since the micronized powdering of the material is promoted during cycles thereby bringing about accelerated reductive decomposition of the nonaqueous solvent, as compared with the negative electrode of a carbon material. In addition, the micronized powdering of the negative electrode material and the deposition of the decomposed product of the nonaqueous solvent may interfere with smooth absorption and release of lithium by the negative electrode, and therefore, in particular, the low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be thereby often worsened.
[0004]
On the other hand, it is known that, in a lithium secondary battery using, for example, LiCo02, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, LiFePO4 or the like as the positive electrode, when the nonaqueous solvent in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is heated at a high temperature in the charged state, the decomposed product or the gas thereby locally generated through partial oxidative decomposition in the interface between the positive electrode material and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution interferes with the electrochemical reaction favorable for the battery, and therefore the low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage are thereby also worsened.
[0005]
As in the above, the decomposed product and the gas generated through decomposition of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution on the positive electrode or the negative electrode may interfere with the movement of lithium ions or may swell the battery, and the battery performance is thereby worsened. Despite the situation, electronic appliances equipped with lithium secondary batteries therein are offering more and more an increasing range of functions and are being in a stream of further increase in power consumption. With that, the capacity of lithium secondary batteries is being much increased, and the space volume for the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in the battery is decreased by increasing the density of the electrode and by reducing the useless space volume in the battery. Accordingly, the situation is that even decomposition of only a small amount of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may worsen the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature characteristics after high-temperature cycles.
[0006]
As a lithium primary battery, for example, known is one in which the positive electrode is formed of manganese dioxide or fluorographite and the negative electrode is formed of lithium metal, and the lithium primary battery of the type is widely used as having a high energy density, for which, however, it is desired to prevent the increase in the internal resistance during long-term storage and to improve the long-term storage performance at high temperatures.
Recently, further, as a novel power source for electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles, electric storage devices have been developed, for example, an electric double layer capacitor using activated carbon or the like as the electrode from the viewpoint of the output density thereof, and a hybrid capacitor including a combination of the electric storage principle of a lithium ion secondary battery and that of an electric double layer capacitor (an asymmetric capacitor where both the capacity by lithium absorption and release and the electric double layer capacity are utilized) from the viewpoint of both the energy density and the output density thereof; and it is desired to improve the load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage of these capacitors.
[0007]
Patent Reference 1 discloses an electrolytic solution containing, in a nonaqueous solvent, from 0.1 to 3 0 parts by weight of a sulfonate compound of which the carbonate skeleton-containing 5-membered ring structure has an oxysulfonyl group at the 4-position thereof via a methylene chain, such as l,3-dioxan-2-onyl-4-methyl methyl sulfonate (also called 4-(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one), saying that the battery containing the electrolytic solution of the type is excellent in cycle properties.
Patent Reference 2 discloses an electrolytic solution containing, in a nonaqueous solvent, from 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of erythritan sulfite of which the sulfite skeleton-containing 5-membered ring structure has an ether oxygen at the 4-position thereof via a methylene chain, saying that the battery containing the electrolytic solution of the type is excellent in cycle properties.
CITATION LIST PATENT REFERENCES [0008]
Patent Reference 1: JP-T 2010-503974
Patent Reference 2: JP-A 2000-188127 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
PROBLEMS THAT THE INVENTION IS TO SOLVE [0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution capable of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high temperature charging storage, an electrochemical element using it, and a 1,2-dioxypropane compound used for it.
MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS [0010]
The present inventors have investigated in detail the performance of the nonaqueous electrolytic solutions in the above-mentioned prior art. As a result, the nonaqueous electrolytic solutions of the above-mentioned patent references could not provide a remarkable effect of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high- temperature charging storage.
Given the situation, the present inventors have assiduously studied for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned problems, and have found that, when a specific compound that has a structure where a sulfinyl group (-S(=0)-) or a sulfonyl group (-S(=O)2-) bonds to the 4-position of the 5-membered ring structure thereof having a specific substituent, via a carbon atom therebetween (or that is, having Y1) , is added to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, then the electrolytic solution can improve low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage, and have completed the present invention.
[0011]
Specifically, the present invention provides the following (1) to (3):
(1) A nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, which comprises a 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the following general formula (I):
[0012] [Chemical Formula 1]
[0013]
(In the formula, R1 and R2 each represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X1 represents a group selected from -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, C(=0)- , -CR3R4-, -P(=O)(OR5)- and -SiR6R7-; R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R5 to R7 each represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Y1 represents an alkylsulfinyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfinyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfinyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an arylsulfinyl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfonyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfonyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an arylsulfonyl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms;
Z1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfinylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfinylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulf inylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an arylsulfinylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfonylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulf onylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, or an arylsulf onylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms.
When Z1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, then Y1 and Z1 may bond to each other to form a ring. At least one hydrogen atom on the carbon atom of X1, Y1 and Z1 may be substituted with a halogen atom.)
[0014]
(2) An electrochemical element comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the above (1) .
(3) A 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the following general formula (II):
[0015]
[Chemical Formula 2]
[0016]
(In the formula, R8 and R9 each represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X2 represents a group selected from -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, C(=O)-, -P(=O) (OR10) - and -SiR11R12-,- R10 to R12 each represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Y2 represents an alkylsulfinyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfinyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfinyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfonyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkynylsulfonyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms;
Z2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an alkylsulfinylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfinylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfinylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfinylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfonylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkynylsulfonylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
At least one hydrogen atom on the carbon atom of X2, Y2 and Z2 may be substituted with a halogen atom.)
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION [0017]
According to the present invention, there are provided a nonaqueous electrolytic solution capable of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage, an electrochemical element using it, and a 1,2-dioxypropane compound used for it.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [0018] [Nonaqueous Electrolytic Solution]
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention comprises an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, and contains a 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the above-mentioned general formula (I) .
[0019]
Though not always clear, the reason why the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can remarkably improve low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be considered as follows:
The 1,2-dioxypropane compound having a sulfinyl group or a sulfonyl group at the 3-position thereof, which is represented by the above-mentioned general formula (I) and which is contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention, has a structure where a sulfinyl group (-S(=O)-) or a sulfonyl group (-S(=O)2-) having high electron attractivity bonds to the 4-position of the 5-membered ring structure thereof having a specific substituent, via a carbon atom therebetween, and therefore, the 5-membered ring site having a specific substituent of the compound can be readily reduced and decomposed on a negative electrode to form a surface film stable at high temperatures. In addition, it has turned out that the oxygen atom contained in the 5-membered ring structure and the oxygen atom contained in the sulfinyl group or the sulfonyl group could be trap sites for lithium ion, therefore forming a surface film that contains lithium ions in a high concentration and bringing about a specific effect of remarkably improving low-temperature load characteristics even after high-temperature charging storage.
[0020]
The 1,2-dioxypropane compound contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention is represented by the following general formula (I):
[0021]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[0022]
R1 and R2 in the general formula (I) each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a tert-amyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; more preferred are a hydrogen atom and a methyl group; and even more preferred is a hydrogen atom.
[0023]
X1 in the general formula (I) represents a group selected from -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -C(=O)-, -C(R3R4)-, -P(=O)(OR5)- and -SiR6R7-, preferably a group selected from -S(=O)-, -C(=O)-, -CR3R4- and -P(=O) (OR5)-, even more preferably -S(=O)- or -C(=O)-, still more preferably -S(=O)-.
In this, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from l to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
R5 to R7 each represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. [0024]
The linear or branched alkylsulfanyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a methylsulfinyl group, an ethylsulfinyl group, a propylsulfinyl group, a butylsulfinyl group, a pentylsulfinyl group, a hexylsulfinyl group, a trifluoromethylsulfinyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfinyl group, an isopropylsulfinyl group, a sec-butylsulfinyl group, a tert-butylsulfinyl group, a tert-amylsulfinyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are linear alkylsulfinyl groups such as a methylsulfinyl group, an ethylsulfinyl group, a propylsulfinyl group, a butylsulfinyl group, etc.; and more preferred are a methylsulfinyl group and an ethylsulfinyl group. [0025]
The linear or branched alkenylsulfinyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a vinylsulfinyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinyl group, a 2-butenylsulfinyl group, a 3-butenylsulfinyl group, a 4-pentenylsulfinyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylsulfinyl group, a 2-methyl-2-butenylsulfinyl group, a 3-methyl-2-butenylsulfinyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are linear alkenylsulfinyl groups such as a vinylsulfinyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinyl group, a 2-butenylsulfinyl group, a 3-butenylsulfinyl group, etc.; and more preferred are a vinylsulfinyl group and a 2-propenylsulfinyl group.
[0026]
The linear or branched alkynylsulfinyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a 2-propynylsulfinyl group, a 2-butynylsulfinyl group, a 3-butynylsulfinyl group, a 4-pentynylsulfinyl group, a i-methyi-2-propynyisuifinyi group, a i-methyi-2-butynylsulfinyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynylsulfinyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a 2-propynylsulfinyl group, a 2-butynylsulfinyl group, a 3-butynylsulfinyl group, and a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfinyl group; and more preferred are a 2-propynylsulfinyl group, and a 1-methyl-2-propynylsulfinyl group.
[0027]
The arylsulfinyl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a phenylsulfinyl group, a benzylsulfinyl group, a tolylsulfinyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a phenylsulfinyl group, and a benzylsulfinyl group; and more preferred is a phenylsulfinyl group.
[0028]
The linear or branched alkylsulfonyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, a propylsulfonyl group, a butylsulfonyl group, a pentylsulfonyl group, a hexylsulfonyl group, a trifluoromethylsulfonyl group, a 2,2,2- trifluoroethylsulfonyl group, a 2-propylsulfonyl group, a sec-butylsulfonyl group, a 1,1-dimethylethylsulfonyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpentylsulfonyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are linear alkylsulfonyl groups such as a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, a propylsulfonyl group, a butylsulfonyl group, etc.; and more preferred are a methyl sulfonyl group and an ethylsulfonyl group.
[0029]
The linear or branched alkenylsulfonyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a vinylsulfonyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonyl group, a 2-butenylsulfonyl group, a 3-butenylsulfonyl group, a 4-pentenylsulfonyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylsulfonyl group, a 2-methyl-2-butenylsulfonyl group, a 3-methyl-2-butenylsulfonyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are linear alkenylsulfonyl groups such as a vinylsulfonyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonyl group, a 2-butenylsulfonyl group, a 3-butenylsulfonyl group, etc.; and more preferred are a vinylsulfonyl group, and a 2-propenylsulfonyl group.
[0030]
The linear or branched alkynylsulfonyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a 2-propynylsulfonyl group, a 2-butynylsulfonyl group, a 3-butynylsulfonyl group, a 4-pentynylsulfonyl group, a 1-methyl-2-propynylsulfonyl group, a 1-methyl-2-butynylsulfonyl group, a 1,l-dimethyl-2-propynylsulfonyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are 2-propynylsulfonyl group, a 2-but ynyl sulfonyl group, a 3-butynyl sulfonyl group, and a 1-methyl-2-propynylsulfonyl group; and more preferred are a 2-propynylsulfonyl group, and a 1-methyl-2-propynylsulfonyl group.
[0031]
The arylsulfonyl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms of Y1 in the general formula (I) includes a phenylsulfonyl group, a benzylsulfonyl group, a tolylsulfonyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a phenylsulfonyl group and a benzylsulfonyl group; and more preferred is a phenylsulfonyl group.
[0032]
Of the above-mentioned substituents, Y1 in the general formula (I) is more preferably a methylsulfinyl group, an ethylsulfinyl group, a vinylsulfinyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinyl group, a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, a vinylsulfonyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonyl group, or a 2-propynylsulfonyl group, and even more preferably one having a sulfonyl group, such as a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, a vinylsulfonyl group, etc.
[0033]
Z1 in the general formula (I) represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfinylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfinylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfinylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an arylsulfinylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenylsulfonylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkynylsulfonylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, or an arylsulfonylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms.
Z1 in the general formula (I) representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and is more preferably a hydrogen atom.
In case where Z1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z1 may bond to Y1 to form a ring, but more preferably does not form a ring.
[0034]
The linear or branched alkylsulfinylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a methylsulfinylmethyl group, an ethylsulfinylmethyl group, a propylsulfinylmethyl group, a butylsulfinylmethyl group, a pentylsulfinylmethyl group, a hexylsulfinylmethyl group, a trifloromethylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-propylsulfinylmethyl group, a sec-butylsulfinylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethylethylsulfinylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpentylsulfinylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a methylsulfinylmethyl group, an ethylsulfinylmethyl group, a propylsulfinylmethyl group, and a butylsulfinylmethyl group; and more preferred are a methylsulfinylmethyl group and an ethylsulfinylmethyl group.
[0035]
The linear or branched alkenylsulfinylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a vinyl sulfinyl methyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-butenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 3-butenylsulf inylmethyl group, a 4-pentenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-methyl-2-butenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 3-methyl-2-butenylsulfinylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a vinyl sulf inylmethyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-butenylsulfinylmethyl group, and a 3-butenylsulfinylmethyl group; and more preferred are a vinylsulfinylmethyl group, and a 2-propenylsulfinylmethyl group.
[0036]
The linear or branched alkynylsulfinylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a 2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-butynylsulfinylmethyl group, a 3-butynylsulfinylmethyl group, a 4-pentynylsulfinylmethyl group, a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group, a l-methyl-2-butynylsulfinylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are 2-propynylsulf inylmethyl group, a 2-butynylsulfinylmethyl group, a 3-butynylsulfinylmethyl group, and a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group; and more preferred are a 2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group, and a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfinylmethyl group.
[0037]
The aryl sulf inylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a phenylsulfinylmethyl group, a benzylsulfinylmethyl group, a tolylsulfinylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a phenylsulfinylmethyl group, and a benzyl sulfinylmethyl group,- and more preferred is a phenylsulfinylmethyl group.
[0038]
The linear or branched alkylsulfonylmethyl group having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a methylsulfonylmethyl group, an ethylsulfonylmethyl group, a propylsulfonylmethyl group, a butylsulfonylmethyl group, a pentylsulfonylmethyl group, a hexylsulfonylmethyl group, a trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-propylsulfonylmethyl group, a sec-butylsulfonylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethylethylslfonylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpentanesulfonylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a methylsulfonylmethyl group, an ethylsulfonylmethyl group, a propylsulfonylmethyl group, and a butylsulfonylmethyl group; and more preferred are a methylsulfonylmethyl group, and an ethylsulfonylmethyl group.
[0039]
The linear or branched alkenylsulfonylmethyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-butenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 3-butenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 4-pentenylsulforiylmethyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-methyl-2- butenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 3-methyl-2-butenylsulfonylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-butenylsulfonylmethyl group, and a 3-butenylsulfonylmethyl group; and more preferred are a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, and a 2-propenylsulfonylmethyl group.
[0040]
The linear or branched alkynylsulfonylmethyl group having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a 2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-butynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 3-butynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 4-pentynylsulfonylmethyl group, a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, a l-methyl-2-butynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a 2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-butynylsulfonylmethyl group, a 3-butynylsulfonylmethyl group, and a l-methyl-2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group; and more preferred are a 2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, and a 1-methyl-2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group.
[0041]
The arylsulfonylmethyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms of Z1 in the general formula (I) includes a phenylsulfonylmethyl group, a benzylsulfonylmethyl group, a tolylsulfonylmethyl group, etc. Above all, preferred are a phenylsulfonylmethyl group, and a benzylsulfonylmethyl group; and more preferred is a phenylsulfonylmethyl group.
[0042]
Of the above-mentioned substituents, Z1 in the general formula (I) is more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a methylsulfinylmethyl group, an ethylsulfinylmethyl group, a vinylsulfinylmethyl group, a 2-propenylsulfinylmethyl group, a methyl sulfonylmethyl group, an ethylsulfonylmethyl group, a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, a 2-propenylsulfonylmethyl group, or a 2-propynylsulfonylmethyl group, even more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a methylsulfonylmethyl group, an ethylsulfonylmethyl group, or a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, still more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methylsulfonylmethyl group, an ethylsulfonylmethyl group, or a vinylsulfonylmethyl group, and further more preferably a hydrogen atom.
[0043]
The halogen atom with which the hydrogen atom on the carbon atom of X1, Y1 and Z1 is substituted includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, but is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.
The compounds where X1, Y1 and Z1 each are the above-mentioned substituent are preferred as markedly improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage.
[0044]
Specific examples of the 1,2-dioxypropane compounds represented by the general formula (I) include the following:
(1) As the case where X1 is -S(=O)-: Preferably mentioned are 4-(methylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)- l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(vinylsulfinylmethyl)- l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4- (trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2- oxide, 4-(phethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2- oxide, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2- oxide, 4-(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4- (2- propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4- (2- propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4- (trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2 - oxide, 4-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2- oxide, 4,5-bis(methylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane- 2-oxide, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane- 2-oxide, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane- 2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5- bis(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-i,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2- oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2-oxide, and 4,5-bis(phenylsulfonylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide.
As the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are tetrahydro-thieno [3,4-d] -l, 3,2-dioxathiolane-2, 5-dioxide, tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,5,5-trioxide, etc.
[0045]
(2) As the case where X1 is -S(=O)2-: Preferably mentioned are 4-(methylsulfinylmethyl)- l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(vinylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4- (2- propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2- dioxide, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4- (methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4- (ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4- (vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4- (2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(2- propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2- dioxide, 4-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2- dioxide, 4,5-bis (methylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5- bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2- dioxide, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(phenylsulfinylmethyl)- 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5- bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-d ioxide, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1, 3,2-dioxathiolane- 2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4,5-bis(2- propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, and 4,5-bis (phenylsulfinylmethyl) -1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2- dioxide.
As the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d] -1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2,5-trioxide, tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2,5,5-tetraoxide, etc. [0046] (3) As the case where X1 is -C(=0)-:
Preferably mentioned are 4-(methylsulfinylmethyl)-
1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4-(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4- (phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(methylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis (2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, 4,5-bis (2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one, and 4,5-bis(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxathiolan-2-one.
As the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxole-2,5-dioxide, tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-l,3-dioxole-2,5,5-trioxide, etc. [0047] (4) As the case where X1 is -CR3R4-:
Preferably mentioned are 4-(methylsulfinylmethyl)-
1,3-dioxolane, 4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4- (vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4- (2-
propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-(2-
propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-l,3-dioxolane, 4-
(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4- (2-
propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4- (2-
propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4-
(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(methylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-bis(2-
propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-bis(2-
propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-
bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-bis(2-
propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-bis(2-
propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, and 4,5-bis(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane.
as the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are 2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxole-5-oxide, 2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d] -l,3-dioxole-5,5-dioxide, etc. [0048] (5) As the case where X1 is -P(=0) (OR5)-:
Preferably mentioned are 2-methoxy-4-
(methylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-
methoxy-4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-
oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2- dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(2-
propenylsulf inylmethyl) -1,3, 2 -dioxaphospholane-2 -oxide, 2-
methoxy-4-(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-
(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-
oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl) -l,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-
methoxy-4-(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-
oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(2-
propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-
methoxy-4-(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-
(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-
oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(methylsulfinylmethyl)-2-
methoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-
bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-2-methoxy-l,3,2-dioxaphospholane-
2-oxide, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl) -2-methoxy-l,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-
propenylsulfinylmethyl)-2-methoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-
2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-2-methoxy-
1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-
bis(phenyl sulfinylmethyl)-2-methoxy-l,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-2-
methoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-
bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-2-methoxy-l,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-2-methoxy-1,3,2-
dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-
propenylsulfonylmethyl)-2-methoxy-l,3,2 -dioxaphospholane-
2-oxide, 4,5-bis(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-2-methoxy-
1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, and 4,5-
bis(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-2-methoxy-l,3,2-di oxapho spho1 ane-2-oxide.
As the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are 2-methoxy-
dioxide, and 2-methoxy-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-l,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2,2,2-trioxide. [0049] (6) As the case where X1 is -SiR6R7-:
Preferably mentioned are 2,2-dimethyl-4-
(methylsulfinylmethy1)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-
4-(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-
4-(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-
4-(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-
dimethyl-4-(2-propynylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane,
2,2-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfinylmethy1)-
1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-
1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(methylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-
dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-
bis(ethylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxasilolane,
4,4-bis(vinylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,2-
dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(2-propenylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-
dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis (2-
propynylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxasilolane,
4,4-bis(trifluoromethylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,2-
dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(phenylsulfinylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-
1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-
dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-
bis(ethylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3,2-dioxasilolane,
4,4-bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3,2-
dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(2-propenylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-
dimethyl-l, 3,2-dioxasilolane, 4,4-bis(2-
propynylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3,2-dioxasilolane,
4,4-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3,2-
dioxasilolane, and 4,4-bis(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-2,2-
dimethyl-l , 3,2-dioxasilolane.
As the compounds where Y1 and Z1 bond to each other to form a ring, preferably mentioned are 2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-l,3,2-dioxasilolane-5-oxide, and 2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-thieno[3,4-d]-1,3,2-dioxasilolane-5,5-dioxide. [0050]
From the viewpoint of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage, the following are more preferred from among the above-mentioned compounds: 4- (methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
FUK-111 (U2011-23WO)
dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4- (2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4,5-bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-
l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-
dioxolan-2-one, 4-(2-propynylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-
2-one, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydro-
thieno[3,4-d]-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,5,5-trioxide, 4,5-
bis(methylsulfonylmethyl)-l,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-
(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-
methoxy-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-
oxide, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-
dioxide, and 2,2-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-
dioxasilolane. Even more preferred are 4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-
(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydro-
thieno[3,4-d]-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,5,5-trioxide, 4-(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-l,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide, 2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide, 4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, and 2,2-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-1,3,2-dioxasilolane. [0051]
The 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the general formula (I) includes optical isomers. The optical isomers include R-form and S-form, both of which exhibit the effect of the present invention. The optical isomers may be in the form of a mixture thereof in a desired ratio; and both a case where one optical isomer is excessive over the other (optical active form) and a case where the two optical isomers exist in the same amount
(racemic form) exhibit the effect of the present invention. Further, in the general formula (I) where X1 is a group >S=O, Y1 is a sulfinyl group, or Z1 is a group except hydrogen, the formula may have two asymmetric centers, and consequently, the formula may further include diastereomers in addition to the above-mentioned optical isomers. The diastereomers are not always the same in point of the chemical property or the electrochemical property thereof; and therefore, depending on the ratio of the diastereomers, the degree of the effect of the present invention may vary; however, any case where any of the optical isomers is used either singly or in the form of a mixture thereof can exhibit the effect of the present invention.
[0052]
The content of the 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the general formula (I) to be contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably from 0.001 to 20% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. When the content is at most 2 0% by mass, then the risk of excessive formation of a surface film on the electrode to worsen the low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage could be low; and when at least 0.001% by mass, then the surface film formation would be sufficient and the effect of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage could be enhanced. The content is preferably at least 0.01% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, more preferably at least 0.05% by mass, even more preferably at least 0.3% by mass, and its upper limit is preferably at most 10% by mass, more preferably at most 5% by mass, even more preferably at most 3% by mass.
When added to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention, the 1,2-dioxypropane compound representee, by the general formula (I; can improve low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage but when combined with a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt and further other additives to be mentioned below, the compound can exhibit a specific effect of synergistically improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage. Though the reason is not clear, it may be considered that a mixture surface film having a high ionic conductivity and comprising the constitutive elements of the nonaqueous solvent, the electrolyte salt and the other additives could be formed.
[0053] [Nonaqueous Solvent]
The nonaqueous solvent for use in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention includes cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, linear esters, lactones, ethers, amides, phosphates, sulfones, nitriles, S=0 bond-containing compounds, etc.
The cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-l,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), trans or cis-4,5-difluoro-l,3-dioxolan-2-one (hereinafter the two are collectively called "DFEC"), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), etc.
Of those, preferred is use of at least one cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond or a fluorine atom, as markedly enhancing the effect of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage; and more preferred is use of both a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond and a cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom. As the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond, more preferred are VC and VEC; and as the cyclic carbonate having a fluorine atom, more preferred are FEC and DFEC.
The content of the carbon-carbon double bond-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably at least 0.07% by volume relative to the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, more preferably at least 0.2% by volume, even more preferably at least 0.7% by volume, and the upper limit thereof is preferably at most 7% by volume, more preferably at most 4% by volume, even more preferably at most 2.5% by volume. Falling within the range, the cyclic carbonate can favorably form a surface film on an electrode, as combined with the 1,2-dioxypropane compound having a sulfinyl group or a sulfonyl group at the 3-position and represented by the general formula (I) , and the stability of the surface film during high-temperature charging storage can be markedly enhanced not detracting from low-temperature load characteristics.
The content of the fluorine atom-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably at least 0.07% by volume relative to the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, more preferably at least 4% by volume, even more preferably at least 7% by volume, and the upper limit thereof is preferably at most 35% by volume, more preferably at most 25% by volume, even more preferably at most 15% by volume. Falling within the range, the cyclic carbonate can favorably form a surface film on an electrode, as combined with the 1,2-dioxypropane compound having a sulfinyl group or a sulfonyl group at the 3-position and represented by the general formula (I) , and the stability of the surface film during high-temperature charging storage can be markedly enhanced not detracting from low-temperature load characteristics.
In case where the nonaqueous solvent contains both the carbon-carbon double bond-containing cyclic carbonate and the fluorine atom-containing cyclic carbonate, the ratio of the carbon-carbon double bond-containing cyclic carbonate to the content of the fluorine atom-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably at least 0.2% by volume, more preferably at least 3% by volume, even more preferably at least 7% by volume, and its upper limit is preferably at most 40% by volume, more preferably at most 30% by volume, even more preferably at most 15% by volume. The range is especially preferred since the stability of the surface film during high-temperature charging storage can be further more markedly enhanced not detracting from low-temperature cycle characteristics.
Preferably, the nonaqueous solvent contains ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate, as the resistance of the surface film formed on an electrode can be reduced. Preferably, the content of ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate is at least 3% by volume relative to the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, more preferably at least 5% by volume, even more preferably at least 7% by volume, and it's upper limit is preferably at most 45% by volume, more preferably at most 35% by volume, even more preferably at most 25% by volume.
[0054]
One kind of those solvents may be used, but using two or more different kinds as combined is preferred as further enhancing the effect of improving low-temperature cycle characteristics after high-temperature charging storage. Even more preferably, three or more different kinds are combined. Preferred combinations of the cyclic carbonates include EC and PC; EC and VC; PC and VC; VC and FEC; EC and FEC; PC and FEC; FEC and DFEC; EC and DFEC; PC and DFEC; VC and DFEC; VEC and DFEC; EC and PC and VC; EC and PC and FEC; EC and VC and FEC; EC and VC and VEC; PC and VC and FEC; EC and VC and DFEC; PC and VC and DFEC; EC and PC and VC and FEC; EC and PC and VC and DFEC; etc. Of those combinations, more preferred combinations are EC and VC; EC and FEC; PC and FEC; EC and PC and VC; EC and PC and FEC; EC and VC and FEC; PC and VC and FEC; EC and PC and VC and FEC; etc.
Not specifically defined, the content of the cyclic carbonate is preferably within a range of from 10 to 40% by volume relative to the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent. When the content is at least 10% by volume, then the risk of lowering the electric conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution to worsen low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be low; and when the content is at most 40% by volume, then the risk of increasing the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution to worsen low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be low. Consequently, the content preferably falls within the above-mentioned range.
[0055]
The linear carbonates include asymmetric linear carbonates such as methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), methyl isopropyl carbonate (MIPC), methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, etc.; symmetric linear carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, etc.
Above all, DMC and/or DEC are preferred as the symmetric linear carbonate, and DMC is more preferred. At least one of MEC, MPC and MIPC is preferred as the asymmetric linear carbonate, and MEC is most preferred. Further more preferred is combined use of an asymmetric linear carbonate and a symmetric linear carbonate. When combined, preferably, the ratio of the asymmetric linear carbonate in the linear carbonate is from 50 to 90% by volume.
Although one kind of those linear carbonates may be used, two or more kinds of them are preferably used in combination.
Using the linear carbonates as combined in the manner as above so as to have the composition falling within the above-mentioned range is preferred as enhancing the effect of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage.
Not specifically defined, the content of the linear carbonate is preferably within a range of from 60 to 90% by volume relative to the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent. When the content is at least 60% by volume, then the risk of increasing the viscosity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may be low; and when at most 90% by volume, then the risk of lowering the electric conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may be low. Consequently, the above-mentioned range is preferred as bettering battery characteristics such as load characteristics, etc.
Regarding the ratio of the cyclic carbonate to the linear carbonate, the ratio of cyclic carbonate/linear carbonate (by volume) is preferably from 10/90 to 40/60, more preferably from 15/85 to 35/65, even more preferably from 20/80 to 30/70, from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage.
[0056]
The linear esters include methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl pivalate, butyl pivalate, hexyl pivalate, octyl pivalate, dimethyl oxalate, ethyl methyl oxalate, diethyl oxalate, etc. The lactones include y-butyrolactone, y-valerolactone, α-angelicalactone, etc.; the ethers include cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, etc.; and linear ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, etc.
The amides include dimethylformamide, etc.; the trioctyl phosphate, etc.; the sulfones include sulfolane, etc.; the nitriles include acetonitrile, propionitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile, etc.
[0057]
The S=0 bond-containing compounds include sultone compounds such as 1,3-propanesultone, 1,3-butanesultone, 1,4-butanesultone, etc.; cyclic sulfite compounds such as ethylene sulfite, hexahydrobenzo[1,3,2]dioxathiol-2-oxide (also referred to as 1,2-cyclohexanediol cyclic sulfite), 5-vinyl-hexahydro-l,3,2-benzodioxathiol-2-oxide, etc. ; sulfonic acid ester compounds such as 1,2-ethanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,2-propanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,3-propanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,5-pentanediol dimethanesulfonate, 2-propynyl methanesulfonate, methylenemethane disulfonate, etc.; and vinyl sulfone compounds such as divinyl sulfone, 1,2-bis(vinylsulfonyl)ethane, bis(2-vinylsulfonylethyl) ether, etc.
[0058]
As other nonaqueous solvents, preferably used here are linear carboxylic acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, etc.; cyclic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, itaconic anhydride, 3-sulfo-propionic anhydride, etc.; cyclic phosphazene compounds such as methoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, ethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, phenoxypent a f1uorocyc1otriphosphazene,
ethoxyheptafluorocyclotetraphosphazene, etc.; branched alkyl group-having aromatic compounds such as cyclohexylbenzene, fluorocyclohexylbenzene compounds (including l-fluoro-2-cyclohexylbenzene, l-fluoro-3-cyclohexylbenzene, and 1-fluoro-4-cyclohexylbenzene), tert-butylbenzene, tert-amylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene, etc.; and other aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, terphenyls (o-, m-, and p-form), diphenyl ether, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzenes (o-, m-, and p-form), anisole, 2,4-difluoroanisole, partially hydrogenated terphenyls (including 1,2-dicyclohexylbenzene, 2-phenylbicyclohexyl, 1,2-diphenyleyelohexane, and o-cyclohexylbiphenyl), etc.
[0059]
In general, the above-mentioned nonaqueous solvents are combined and used as a mixture thereof for attaining suitable physical properties. The combination includes, for example, a combination of a cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate, a combination of a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate and a lactone, a combination of a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate and an ether, a combination of a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate and a linear ester, a combination of a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate and a nitrile, etc.
[0060] [Electrolyte Salt]
The electrolyte salt for use in the present invention includes lithium salts such as LiPF6, LiP02F2, LiBF4, LiCx04, etc.,- linear fluoroalkyl group-having lithium salts such as LiN(SO2CF3) 2, LiN(SO2C2F5) 2, LiCF3S03/ LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiPF4(CF3)2, LiPF3 (C2F5) 3, LiPF3(CF3)3, LiPF3 (iso-C3F7)3, LiPF5 (iso-C3F7) , etc.; cyclic fluoroalkylene chain-having lithium salts such as (CF2)2 (SO2)2NLi, (CF2)3 (SO2) 2NLi, etc.; and lithium salts with an oxalate complex as the anion therein, such as lithium bis[oxalate-0,0'] borate, lithium difluoro[oxalate-O,O']borate, etc. Of those, especially preferred electrolyte salts are LiPF6, LiBF4, LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiN(SO2C2F5)2. One alone or two or more of those electrolyte salts may be used here either singly or as combined.
[0061]
A preferred combination of these electrolyte salts comprises LiPF6 and contains at least one selected from LiBF4, LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiN(SO2C2F5) 2. Preferred are a combination of LiPF6 and LiBF4, a combination of LiPF6 and LiN(SO2CF3) 2, a combination of LiPF6 and LiN(SO2C2F5) 2, etc.
Regarding the ratio (by mol) of LiPF6/ [LiBF4 or LiN(SO2CF3)2 or LiN(SO2C2F5)2] , when the ratio of LiPF6 is higher than 70/30 and when the ratio of LiPF6 is lower than 99/1, then the risk of worsening load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage may be low. Accordingly, the ratio (by mol) of LiPF6/ [LiBF4 or LiN(SO2CF3)2 or LiN(SO2C2F5)2] is preferably within a range of from 70/30 to 99/1, more preferably within a range of from 80/20 to 98/2. Using the electrolyte salts as the combination thereof falling within the above-mentioned range is more effective for improving battery characteristics such as load characteristics after high-temperature charging storage and others.
The concentration of all these electrolyte salts as dissolved in the solution is generally preferably at least 0.3 M relative to the above-mentioned nonaqueous solvent, more preferably at least 0.5 M, even more preferably at least 0.7 M, and further preferably at least 1.1 M. The upper limit of the concentration is preferably at most 2.5 M, more preferably at most 2.0 M, even more preferably at most 1.5 M.
[0062]
As the electrolyte for electric double layer capacitors (condensers), usable are known quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, etc.
[0063] [Production of Nonaqueous Electrolytic Solution]
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by: mixing the nonaqueous solvents; adding the electrolyte salt to the mixture; and adding thereto the 1,2-dioxypropane compound represented by the general formula (I).
In this case, the nonaqueous solvent to be used, and the compound to be added to the electrolytic solution are preferably previously purified within a range not significantly detracting from the producibility, in which, therefore, the impurity content is preferably as low as possible.
[0064] [Electrochemical Element]
The electrochemical element of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, and is characterized in that the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is the above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention. The electrochemical element includes the following first to fourth electrochemical elements.
As the nonaqueous electrolyte, not only a liquid one but also a gelled one can be used. Further, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can also be used for solid polymer electrolytes. Above all, the solution is preferably used for the first electrochemical element using a lithium salt as the electrolyte salt (that is, for lithium batteries) or for the fourth electrochemical element (that is, for lithium ion capacitors), more preferably for lithium batteries, and most preferably for lithium secondary batteries.
[0065]
[The First Electrochemical Element (lithium battery)]
The lithium battery of the present invention collectively means a lithium primary battery and a lithium secondary battery. The lithium battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent. In this, the other constitutive components such as the positive electrode and the negative electrode than the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be used with no particular limitation thereon.
(Lithium Secondary Battery)
As the positive electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery, usable is a complex metal oxide with lithium that contains at least one selected from cobalt, manganese and nickel. One kind of these positive electrode active materials can be used alone, or two or more kinds of them can be used in combination.
The lithium complex metal oxide includes, for example, LiCo02, LiMn204/ LiNi02, LiCoi-xNixO2 (0.01
Documents
Application Documents
| # |
Name |
Date |
| 1 |
8372-CHENP-2012 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 1 |
8372-CHENP-2012.pdf |
2012-10-01 |
| 2 |
8372-CHENP-2012 POWER OF ATTORNEY 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 2 |
8372-CHENP-2012 ABSTRACT 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 3 |
8372-CHENP-2012 PCT 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 3 |
8372-CHENP-2012 CLAIMS 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 4 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-5 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 4 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-2 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 5 |
8372-CHENP-2012 DESCRIPTOIN (COMPELE) 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 5 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-3 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 6 |
8372-CHENP-2012 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 6 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-1 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 7 |
8372-CHENP-2012 ENGLISH TRANSLATION 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 7 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-1 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 8 |
8372-CHENP-2012 DESCRIPTOIN (COMPELE) 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 8 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-3 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 9 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-2 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 9 |
8372-CHENP-2012 FORM-5 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 10 |
8372-CHENP-2012 PCT 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 10 |
8372-CHENP-2012 CLAIMS 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 11 |
8372-CHENP-2012 POWER OF ATTORNEY 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 11 |
8372-CHENP-2012 ABSTRACT 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |
| 12 |
8372-CHENP-2012.pdf |
2012-10-01 |
| 12 |
8372-CHENP-2012 CORRESPONDENCE OTHERS 28-09-2012.pdf |
2012-09-28 |