FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (SECTION 10)
NOVEL BIRD REPELLENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
KANSAI NEROLAC PAINTS LIMITED,
a Company registered under the Companies Act, 1913 having
address at Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower
Parel, Mumbai-400 013, Maharashtra, India.
Indian National
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a Bird Repellent Composition in the form of repellent gel for a substrate.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION:
Presently, Bird repellent coatings are formed with a tacky consistency which is coated on at least a part of a surface to be protected and contact with the tacky coating repels the birds. However, bird repellent compositions known in the prior art have been deficient in a number of aspects. While the coating should have a tacky consistency, if it is too tacky, it will pick up dust, leaves and the like quickly and be rendered inefficient very quickly. Moreover, birds may become stuck on the surface and may die, resulting in environmental hazard.
The problems caused by the presence of birds such as pigeons and starlings in various locations, particularly from their resting places on public buildings are numerous. The need to constantly clean these buildings is high and very costly. Furthermore, the presence of the birds causes people to avoid the areas. Bird droppings deface and slowly deteriorate the surface of buildings, monuments, statues etc. This is caused by the acidic secretions of fungi that live within the droppings and have a corrosive effect Apart from this, it is unhygienic and also spoil the working of window air conditioner.
Also droppings in the factories, warehouses and under loading bays permanently damage the products and packaging. In aircrafts hangars, automotive assemblies, railway assemblies/ maintenance, droppings will mark and spoil metal and painted surfaces, often permanently. Bird repellent
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has particular value in pharmaceutical and chemical plants, food factories, aircrafts, railway stations, aircraft maintenance areas, hotels, electronic industries where bird dropping can cause severe damage.
Birds are the cause of many human diseases. Diseases like histoplasmosis and ornithosis are caused from the fungus, which lives in dry bird droppings. Unfortunately, the compositions themselves render the buildings and other locations discolored and in such a condition that the cure is little better than the presence of the birds.
Moreover, the polybutene-based bird repellent composition had a tendency to seep into certain porous surfaces to be protected. This had the dual disadvantages that it was wasteful and that the bird repellent composition was extremely difficult to remove from the surface when its useful life had ended. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome, or at least alleviate, one or more of the difficulties related to the prior art. Further, the main object of the present invention is to prepare a new composition that will repel birds without discoloring the surfaces and harming the birds with one coat of application.
To avoid birds, bird repellent polymeric gels are applied so that it prevents the colonization of most types of birds like pigeons, sparrows, starlings etc. Hence to repel the birds, various compositions have been prepared which are sticky in nature. As birds go to step out of the gel, they experience the feeling that their foot is stuck. This feeling is disliked and the message is quickly communicated to other members of the flock, which quickly abandon the treated surface.
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PRIOR STATE OF ART:
In prior art the, bird repellent gel compositions themselves render the buildings and other locations discolored and in such a condition that the cure is little better than the presence of the birds. One of the causes of this defacing of the buildings and other surfaces where birds tend to rest is the leaching of the oil contained in the bird repellent composition.
Also the presently available gel compositions do not withstand elevated temperatures and rainwater. They get cured and form a hard dry surface when substrate temperatures reach 60 °C and get washed off in rain. The novel compositions described herein differ substantially from the presently used compositions, particularly in the fact that when applied to the surface to prevent the birds from staying where they are not desired, the surface is not defaced by the composition.
This novel bird repellent gel composition contains esterified deoxidized oil which does not leach out and which has a thixotropic and sticky nature. Due to which it does not discolor, can withstand rainwater pressure and does not form dry surface when substrate temperature reaches to 60 °C.
Hence with present invention it is found that it is possible to make a novel composition that repels the birds and do not stain or otherwise disfigure the area to which they are applied.
In addition to lessening the amount of defacing to the structure to which the bird repellent compositions are placed, the present compositions have an improved shelf life. Other advantages, including ease of application, are obtained by the use of the new compositions.
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SUMMARY OF INVENTION:
The novel bird repellent gel composition for a substrate comprises: a) about 40 - 70% semi drying, non drying oil such as castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, coconut oil and soya, by weight based on the total weight of the gel composition, b) about 30 - 50 % epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 170-500, by weight based on the total weight of the gel composition, c) about 0.0 - 2.0 % catalyst by weight based on the total weight of the gel composition, d) about 5 - 15 % non reactive polyamide by weight based on the total weight of the gel composition, e) About 0.0 - 2.0 % antioxidant by weight based on the total weight of the gel composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION:
The oil is preferably selected from the group consisting of a drying oil, semi-drying oil, a mixture thereof and a mixture of at least one of the drying oils or the semi-drying oils with non-drying oil. Examples of the above-mentioned oils include castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, fish oil, linseed oil, menhaden oil, oiticica oil, palm kernel oil, perilla oil, safflower oil, sardine oil, soybean oil and tung oil. This novel bird repellent gel composition contains synthetic reaction of mixture of oil with epoxy resin, which is thixotropic and has sticky nature.
OBJECTS OF INVENTION:
An object of the invention is to provide a sustained rainwater pressure and keeping the thixotropic and has sticky nature even when substrate temperature reached to 60%.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved shelf life to the present composition.
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Another object of the invention is to provide non-toxic composition to birds and people.
Another object of the invention is to make the application of the composition easy way and effective at wide application temperature range 5°C to 60 °C.
Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which is simple and easy, inexpensive, economical and effective.
Another object of the invention is to provide composition which is virtually invisible, odourless, environment friendly, water repellent as insoluble in water and excellent adhesion on various substrates
EXAMPLES:
The following examples constitute some dispersion formulation based on the
experimental work. This is not an exhaustive list of the compositions tested; comparative composition number 7 and 8 are examples of the prior state of art dispersion formulation.
Example-1:
A four neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this flask charge 722.3 gms of castor oil and 166.7 gm of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 120 °C and add 10.0 gm of calcium hydroxide. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250 - 255 °C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in the flask up to 90 °C, then add 99.0 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0 Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotropic gel is formed.
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Then to this gel add 2.0 gms of methylethylketoxime and mix it well.
Example 2
A 4 neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this flask charge 572.2 gms of dehydrated castor oil and 325.8 gms of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 120° C and add 0.8 gms of lithium naphthenate. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250-255°C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in the flask up to 90°C, then add 100.0 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0. Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotrpic gel is formed. Then to this gel add 1.2 gms of methylethylketoxime and mix it well.
Example 3
A 4 neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this flask charge 580.2 gms of coconut oil and 330.8 gms of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 110° C and add 0.9 gms of lithium hydroxide. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250-255°C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in the flask up to 90°C, and then add 86.1 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0. Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotrpic gel is formed. Then to this gel add 2.0 gms of methylethylketoxime and mix it well.
Example 4
A 4 neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this
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flask charge 509.2 gms of coconut oil and 389.3 gms of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 130° C and add 0.9 gm of lithium hydroxide. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250-255°C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in the flask up to 120°C, then add 98.8 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0. Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotrpic gel is formed. Then to this gel add 1.8 gms of methylethylketoxime and mix it well.
Example 5
A 4 neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this flask charge 571.5 gms of coconut oil and 325.8 gm of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 130° C and add 0.9 gm of lithium naphthenate. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250-255°C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in the flask up to 120°C, then add 100.0 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0. Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotrpic gel is formed. Then to this gel add 1.8 gms of methylethylketoxime and mix it well.
Example 6
A 4 neck round bottom flask equipped with agitator, condenser, addition
funnel, thermometer, nitrogen purge, and heating mantle is taken. To this flask charge 508.6 gms of castor oil and 389.6 gm of epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent 170 - 500). Heat these contents of flask to 130° C and add 0.9 gm of sodium hydroxide. Slowly raise the temperature up to 250-255°C. Continue processing until the required viscosity is achieved i.e. Z3- Z6 on Gardner bubble viscometer. After achieving the viscosity cool the contents in
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the flask up to 120°C, then add 98.9 gms of non reactive polyamide resin having amine value less than 10.0. Polymerization is carried out (as per process: 1 shown in the figure: 1) until clear and thixotrpic gel is formed. Then to this gel add 2.0 gms of methylethylketoximeoxime and mix it well.
Example 7
The compositions can be made by incorporating the organic modified
montomorillonite 3.78 gm into a solution containing the 50.28 paraffin oil and mixing until a gel is obtained. Then 18.92 gms of polyisobutylene is added and thoroughly mixed into gel, preferably with the help of heat to soften the elastomer. To this add 27.02 gms Kaolin clay until it forms clear gel (as per process: 2 shown in the figure: 1).
Example 8
The compositions can be made by incorporating the organic modified montomorillonite 2.82 gm into a solution containing the 5.0 gm isoparaffin oil and 25.32 paraffin oil and mixing until a gel is obtained. Then 42.23 gms of polyisobutylene is added and thoroughly mixed into gel, preferably with the help of heat to soften the elastomer. To this add 24.63 gms Kaolin clay until it forms clear gel (as per process: 2 shown in the figure: 1).
TEST PROCEDURES:
The following procedures were used in obtaining the foregoing results.
1) Water Resistance:
A 3.0 gm sample was applied to the inside surface of a 4 inch wide mouth glass container which was then filled with water to completely submerge the sample. The sample was allowed to stand for 3 days at room temperature (30 °C) and then evaluated for tack and separation.
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2) Absorbance:
A 0.50 gm sample was applied to the center of a 9.0 cm Whatman Filler Paper 41. The sample was transferred to the oven and exposed to a constant temperature of 50°C. After 6 days the sample was removed and stain measured as the total area of leached material minus initial area of the sample.
3) Viscosity:
Test material was applied through a caulking gun and evaluated for ease of application and ability to remain stationary after application.
4) Shelf Life Stability:
A sample of test material was placed in sealed 8 inch glass containers and stored at ambient temperature and 50°C for 3 weeks. Sample was then evaluated for hydration, tack, body and water resistance.
5) Stain Evaluation:
12 inch x 8 inch test panels were tested with the test material and set at 45° angle. Separate panels of each were then exposed to a constant temperature of 50°C and to atmospheric conditions. After 3 weeks, the samples were evaluated for tack and stain (the distance any leached material had migrated from the initial application site).
APPLICATION METHOD:
SURFACE PREPARATION:
Surface to be treated should be cleaned of debris, loose flakes, bird droppings, and general dirt to expose firm surfaces.
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Porous surfaces need to be sealed off before the application of bird repellent gel. This will prevent leaching of the gel and thus extend its effective life.
APPLICATION:
Bird repellent gel is generally used on resting place, such as window stills, roof ridges, gutters, stonework and ledges. As it is in the form of gel which when applied creates an unstable surface unacceptable to birds and thus deters their presence.
The gel in cartridge can be applied with caulking gun and the gel in 4 Kg HDPE bucket can be pumped on to the surface with use of suitable pumping machine.
Surface for treatment should be clean and although bird repellent may be pumped under modest pressure, ancillary equipment of course incurs additional expenses and generally is not required for most area bird repellent may be applied direct from container by brush or trowel to produce 1.5" wide strips with a space of 1.5" in between. Greater economy may be affected if the strips are applied in wavy lines and is an effective technique for wide flat surfaces. Severe bird infestations may require the entire surface to be covered though such requirements are generally rare.
TESTING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Using the test methods described herein above the physico-chemical properties of the compositions evaluated are as given in table no 1 and 2.
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Table No: 1

Sr Property Example: 1 Example: 2 Example: 3 Example: 4
1 Colour Pale Yellow Pale Yellow Pale Yellow Pale Yellow
2 Clarity Clear Clear Clear Clear
3 Initial tack Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
4 Water resistance Very good Very good Very good Very good
5 Absorbance 0.83 cm2 0.78 cm2 0.9 cm2 0.78 cm2
6 Viscosity(thixotropicnature)
@30°C Very good Very good Very good Very good
@50°C Very good Very good Very good Very good
7 Stain evaluation
After 3 weeks @30°C No stain No stain No stain No stain
8 Tack evaluation
After 3 weeks @30°C Tacky Tacky Tacky Tacky
After 3 weeks
@50°C Tacky Tacky Tacky Tacky
9 Shelf lifeseparation after 3 weeks
At 30 °C None None None None
At 50 °C None None None None
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Table No: 1 continue:

Sr Property Example: 5 Example: 6 Example: 7 Example: 8
1 Colour Pale Yellow Pale Yellow Reddish yellow Reddish yellow
2 Clarity Clear Clear Clear Clear
3 Initial tack Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
4 Water resistance Very good Very good Very good Very good
5 Absorbance 0.78 cm2 0.89 cm2 7.0 cm2 5.0 cm2
6 Viscosity (thixotropic nature)
@30°C Very good Very good Very good Very good
@50°C Very good Very good Very good Very good ^
Stain evaluation
7 After 3 weeks @ 30 °C No stain No stain 0.5 mm 0.5 mm
Tack evaluation
8 After 3 weeks @ 30 °C Tacky Tacky Tacky Tacky
After 3 weeks @
50 °C Tacky Tacky Poor tack Poor tack
Shelf life
9 separation after 3 weeks
@30°C None None None None
None None Slight Slight
@50°C separation separation
of oil of oil
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OBSERVATIONS:
1. It is observed that absorbance area of Whatman filter paper in examples 7 and 8 is more than that of compositions in examples 1 to 6. This means the leaching of oil in examples 7 and 8 is more.
2. Tack of composition stated in examples 1 to 6 is found to be better than in examples 7 and 8 at higher temperature range.
3. At high temperature compositions in example 7 and 8 shows slight oil separation. Hence shelf life stability of these compositions in example 7 and 8 is poor as compared to compositions in examples 1 to 6.

Figure: 1 Process Flow Chart
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROCESS:

We claim -
1. A Novel Bird Repellent Composition comprising, 40-70% of semi drying/non drying oil, 30-50% epoxy resin by weight of the composition, and 5 - 15 % non reactive polyamide having amine value less than 10 by weight of the composition 0.0 - 2.0 % anti oxidant,
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin used is selected having epoxy equivalent of 170 of 500, preferably 350 to 400 by weight of the composition, more preferably esterified epoxy oil,
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the catalyst used is selected from the group of lithium naphthenate, calcium naphthenate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide by weight of the composition,
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the non reactive polyamide is selected particularly having amine value less than 10 by weight,
5. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the anti oxidant is selected from methylethylketoxime,
6. A method for preparing Bird repellent composition, as claimed in above claims comprising the following steps, making epoxidized oil in presence of catalyst by adding a non reactive polyamide under room temperature to 255 degree centigrade, for a period of 6 to 8 hours, which forms thixotropic clear gel,
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7. A Novel Bird repellent Composition such as herein described with reference to foregoing examples.


Date :
Place : Mumbai

(Harishchandra Meghraj Bharuka) Managing Director
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ABSTRACT
This novel invention relates to bird repellent polymeric gel. In particular, this invention relates to a new composition to repel birds from various areas and protecting surfaces from bird droppings.
This bird repellent is inert and eco-friendly, which do not alter the characteristic of surfaces. It is totally different from traditional/conventional repellents. Its chemical formula is so effective that it prevents the colonization of most types of birds like pigeons, sparrows, starlings etc. and nuisance caused by them.
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